Why is the fly agaric called that? and got the best answer

Reply from User deleted[guru]
Amanita muscaria - Red Fly Agaric - got its name due to the property of the extract of this mushroom to kill insects, due to the content of ibotenic acid. In addition, the mushroom contains muscarine (0.0002-0.0003% of the wet weight of the mushroom), muscazone and muscimol
In many European languages, the common name for this mushroom is the same: Russian. fly agaric, English Flyagaric (fly or flying agaric), French. Tue - mouche (fly swatter), German. Hiegenpilz (fly or flying mushroom).
In Russian it comes from a combination of words: “mu ha” - an insect, considered the product of dead flesh, and “mor” (“mora”, “mara”) - death and the ancient Slavic goddess of death and winter. The result is “fly death,” which indicates the use of fly agarics among the people to exterminate flies and bedbugs.
To kill flies, the fly agaric was cut into small pieces, doused with water or milk and placed in plates on the windows (sometimes a decoction was used or the fly agaric was pre-cooked). Blotting paper or cloth was placed in the plate so that it protruded beyond the edges and flies landed on it. Bedbugs were eliminated by smearing the cracks with fresh juice or a pulp of boiled fly agarics.
Sometimes due to the same flies appearing in folk ideas evil forces, fly agaric is called "dukhomor".
Source:

Answer from Max[guru]
Flies are dying from him.

Answer from Rex Raise[active]
Flies are dying from him!

Answer from Ivan[active]
it secretes an extract that kills flies

Answer from Rustam Asatov[active]
because this mushroom collects dicks

Answer from Natalia Kraus[newbie]
In many European languages, the name of this mushroom comes from its ancient method of use - as a means against flies (English fly agaric, German Fliegenpilz, French amanite tue-mouches), the Latin specific epithet also comes from the word “fly” (lat. musca). IN Slavic languages the word “fly agaric” (Polish muchomor, Bulgarian fly agaric, Czech muchomůrka, etc.) became the name of the genus Amanita

Answer from Mishka[active]
It's killing flies

Answer from Saule[guru]
....i ludi mrut

Answer from Maestro 49[guru]
You can't kill your mother-in-law with it, you can only kill a fly!

Answer from Igor komukak[guru]
In the hut they are dried for future use for treatment and flies do not enter the hut. When the mushroom ripened, the frost began and the fly disappeared - but it was cold.

Answer from Saar[guru]
In many European languages, the name of this mushroom comes from its ancient method of use - as a means against flies (English fly agaric, German Fliegenpilz, French amanite tue-mouches), the Latin specific epithet also comes from the word “fly” (lat. musca). In Slavic languages, the word “fly agaric” (Polish muchomor, Bulgarian fly agaric, Czech muchomůrka, etc.) became the name of the genus Amanita. This mushroom was used to repel flies. The mushrooms were ground, added to sweetened water and smeared with it on the place where there were the most flies. The flies flew to the sweets and, having tasted the poisoned water, died. In American slang (Slang and euphemism. R.A.Spears. - A Signet Book), for example, the fly agaric is called “woodpecker of Mars”, i.e. “woodpecker from Mars” or “woodpecker of Mars”, while the word itself “woodpecker “(red-headed woodpecker) in the same slang does not mean “boob” or “boring”, as we do, but “machine gun”, in other words, something that introduces something into something with terrible force, frequency and speed. The red fly agaric is generally considered to be a dangerous poisonous mushroom, but in reality, the pale and white toadstools and the panther fly agaric are much more poisonous and dangerous. The red fly agaric also contains toxic substances, but to an insignificant extent. Due to the presence of hallucinogens in fly agaric, some peoples, for example, the indigenous inhabitants of Eastern Siberia, use it to achieve the effect of intoxication. It is also believed that it was this mushroom, which imparts courage and fury and dulls the feeling of pain, that the Vikings ate before rushing at the enemy. In the old chronicles, however, no facts were found confirming this version. It is assumed that it is the red fly agaric that is mentioned in the ancient Indian Vedas as a mysterious plant “soma”, capable of bestowing divine power.

Elena Vladimirovna Luzina
"Magic fly agaric." Ecological component in education junior schoolchildren With disabilities health

Target: Develop ecological children's thinking through creative comprehension of a cognizable object.

Tasks: Introduce the mushroom fly agaric, his characteristic features, features, teach to portray fly agaric in a fabulous form.

Bring up careful attitude to nature.

Correction logical thinking, attention, fine motor skills of fingers, active speech, development of creative imagination, fantasy. Equipment: images of red and panther fly agarics, posters: "Don't tear fly agarics!» And "Don't destroy fly agarics!» , Images "revived fly agarics» , drawing sheets, colored pencils.

Org. moment:

Educator:

Guys, we have guests at our lesson today, let's welcome them.

Children welcome guests.

Now, guys, sit down correctly, your back should be straight.

Children take the correct position at their desks.

I will ask riddles, and you will guess.

1. Under the pine tree near the path

Who is standing among the grass?

There is a leg, but no boots.

There is a hat, but there is no head.

(mushroom)

2. Near the forest on the edge,

Decorating the dark forest,

It grew as colorful as parsley,

Poisonous... (fly agaric) .

3. Proudly stood on a strong leg

In an apron and a red cap

Handsome and daring.

Looks nice, but has an angry temper.

(fly agaric) .

Round dance and in a row -

The fellows are wearing hats.

(mushrooms)

Standing in a clearing

In a red dress Tatyanka,

All covered in white specks.

(fly agaric)

Red, beautiful frame

Yes, a terrible poison.

(fly agaric)

Hid behind a stump-

Hat on one side;

Who passes close

Bows low.

(mushroom)

In a red hat -

The enemy is dangerous:

Admire, look

Yes, go around!

(fly agaric)

Introduction to the topic:

As you probably already guessed, the lesson will focus on fly agaric.

« The fly agaric is beautiful and red, but dangerous for people"- that's what they say about fly agaric mushroom pickers.

I think that many of you have seen these, although beautiful and bright, but poisonous mushrooms.

Didactic exercise: "Collect the word" based on a number series. Children are offered envelopes with cards. The cards are divided into two parts. On the top there is a letter, on the bottom there is a number indicating the order of this letter in the word. The senior subgroup collects the word « fly agaric» , A younger"mushroom". After collecting, children must read the words.

Educator:

Now guys, listen to what I tell you about fly agaric.

Main part:

1. -Grow fly agarics and in the forests, and in parks, and sometimes appear in gardens.

The garden is buried in fallen leaves,

The dilapidated fence smells damp.

He opens his umbrella at the fence

Bright red, large fly agaric.

What does it look like fly agaric?

Educator draws children's attention to images fly agarics.

Red fly agaric stands among a heap of fallen leaves on a high white leg, bordered near the cap with a thin fringed film.

His hat is bright red, as if splattered with white paint, and is covered here and there with white convex tubercles - spots.

Another variety fly agaric - panther fly agaric. They have a white fibrous stem with a ring - a fringe; at the bottom the stem thickens and becomes like a tuber. Panther hats fly agarics colored greenish-brown and gray-brown. They are flat and painted with white spots.

Did. a game: "Mosaic". Children are offered envelopes with a cut picture (the older subgroup has a more complex picture with a red fly agaric, youngest subgroup a simpler picture depicting a panther fly agaric). Children must put together the pictures and name the mushroom.

Why fly agarics are called that?

In the hollow of old hats fly agarics Rain moisture often accumulates. Insects, wanting to get drunk, fly to "watering hole". Having quenched their thirst, they die and fall dead near the mushroom. After all, mushrooms contain poison that kills flies and other insects. Hence the name.

Fly agarics do not hide under leaves, twigs, pine branches. They stand openly and are visible from afar.

In the thicket of the forest, in the twilight,

Between the fir trees here and there

Fly agarics like poppies

Bright red flowers bloom,

Bold and open.

Too bad they're poisonous!

View the poster "Don't tear fly agarics!»

Why do you guys think I drew this poster? (Fly agaric – poisonous mushroom , it cannot be torn)

Why did I draw a poster? "Don't destroy fly agarics» ?

Although fly agaric It’s poisonous and dangerous for humans, but you shouldn’t knock off the caps fly agarics and trample mushrooms with your feet. After all fly agaric Some animals and birds are being treated. A sick elk eats these mushrooms.

The elk knows the forest kingdom,

He will enter the resinous forest,

Here you will find your medicine -

Bright red fly agaric.

Magpies - white-sided ones are also treated fly agarics. Is it possible to destroy fly agarics? (No)

Guys, I suggest you take a little rest at the mushroom exercise class. To do this, stand up from your desk.

Physical education minute:

Early in the morning, early in the morning

We will go into a pine forest.

Toadstools are hiding there

And handsome fly agaric.

We won’t pick toadstools,

We'll go around fly agaric.

We'll take a walk in the forest

Let's pick other mushrooms.

Educator:

You and I rested a little, and now let’s sit quietly at our desks, take the correct position, and straighten our backs.

2. Creative task.

Guys, what about me? I like fly agarics, they are bright, beautiful, decoration of our forests. Let's draw fly agaric. But not ordinary, but fabulous, come to life. Look what I drew fly agarics. fly agaric draw very Just: first we draw the cap, then the leg. Then we revive our mushroom. (Tili - bom, tili - bom, quickly become a living mushroom) What do you think a revived person can tell about himself? fly agaric?

Independent work of children.

Final part: What will he say? fly agaric? Survey of children. Children who drew fly agaric, come up to the board with a drawing, showing their drawing, speak on behalf of the one who has come to life fly agaric. The works of the children who responded are hung at the exhibition.

Bottom line: We did a good job today. Learned a lot about the handsome guy fly agaric. Revived fly agaric through your imagination.

Honey fungus translated from Latin into Russian means “bracelet”. This name is not at all surprising, because if you look at the stump on which honey mushrooms are most often comfortably located, you can see a peculiar form of mushroom growth in the form of a ring.

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Honey fungus - description and photographs.

It is not difficult to recognize this mushroom. The honey mushroom is flexible, thin, sometimes quite long leg(can reach 12-15 cm), the color of which varies from light honey to dark brown depending on the age and location of the honey mushroom. The leg of many mushrooms (not all) is “dressed up” in a ring-skirt, and it is crowned with an elegant lamellar cap, usually rounded downwards. In a young mushroom it is hemispherical in shape, covered with small scales, but as it “matures” it takes on an umbrella shape and becomes smooth. The shade of the honey mushroom cap varies - from cream or yellowish to reddish tones.

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Where do honey mushrooms grow?

Honey mushrooms, known to all mushroom pickers, are capable of “capturing” quite large areas under their distribution area. They feel great not only near trees, but also next to some shrubby plants, in meadows and forest edges. Most often, honey mushrooms grow in large groups on old stumps, not far from weakened trees in wooded areas. Honey mushrooms can be found everywhere - both in the Northern Hemisphere and in the subtropics. This mushroom only dislikes harsh areas of permafrost.

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Types of mushrooms, names and photos.

There are several various types again:

• Summer honey fungus (linden honey fungus, Cyneromyces variablea)(lat.
  ehneromyces mutabilis) - edible mushroom family Strophariaceae, genus Cyneromyces. Summer honey mushrooms grow in large colonies mainly on deciduous trees, especially on rotten and damaged wood. In mountainous areas they grow on spruce trees. A small mushroom with a stalk up to 7 cm high and a diameter of 0.4 to 1 cm. The top of the stalk is light, smooth, the bottom of the stalk is covered with dark scales. The “skirt” is narrow, filmy, and may disappear over time; thanks to falling spores, it turns brownish. The diameter of the mushroom cap is from 3 to 6 cm. Young summer honey mushrooms are distinguished by a convex cap; as the mushroom grows, the surface flattens, but a noticeable light tubercle remains in the center. The skin is smooth, matte, honey-yellow with dark edges. In damp weather, the skin becomes translucent, and characteristic circles form around the tubercle. The pulp of the summer honey mushroom is tender, moist, pale yellow color, pleasant to the taste, with a pronounced aroma of living wood. The plates are often located, light, and become dark brown over time. Summer honey fungus is found mainly in deciduous forest areas throughout the temperate zone. Appears in April and bears fruit until November. In areas with a favorable climate it can bear fruit without interruption. Sometimes summer honey mushrooms are confused with the poisonous galerina marginata (lat. Galerina marginata), which is distinguished by the small size of the fruiting body and the absence of scales at the bottom of the stem.

• Honey fungus (meadowweed, meadow rotten mushroom, clove mushroom, meadow marasmius)(lat. Marasmius oreades)- an edible mushroom of the family Negniuchnikov, genus Negniuchnik. A typical soil saprophyte growing in fields, meadows, pastures, summer cottages, along the edges of clearings and ditches, in ravines and forest edges. It bears abundant fruit, often grows in straight or arched rows, and sometimes forms “witch circles.” The leg of the meadow grass is long and thin, sometimes curved, up to 10 cm in height, and from 0.2 to 0.5 cm in diameter. Dense along the entire length, widened at the very bottom, the color of the cap or slightly lighter. In young meadow mushrooms, the cap is convex, flattens over time, the edges become uneven, and a pronounced blunt tubercle remains in the center. In wet weather, the skin becomes sticky, yellow-brown or reddish. In good weather, the cap is light beige, but always with a center darker than the edges.
  astinkas are rare, light, darker in rain, there is no “skirt” under the cap. The pulp is thin, light, sweet in taste, with a characteristic smell of cloves or almonds. Meadow grass is found from May to October throughout Eurasia: from Japan to the Canary Islands. It tolerates drought well, and after rains it comes to life and is again capable of reproduction. Honey fungus is sometimes confused with wood-loving collybia (lat. Collybia dryophila), a conditionally edible mushroom that has biotopes similar to meadow mushroom. It differs from the meadow grass by a tubular, hollow inside leg, more frequently located plates and unpleasant smell. It is much more dangerous to confuse the meadow grass with the grooved talker (lat. Clitocybe rivulosa), a poisonous mushroom distinguished by a whitish cap without a tubercle, often seated plates and a powdery spirit.

• Honey fungus mucous or udemanciella mucosa(lat. Oudemansiella mucida)- a species of edible mushrooms of the Physalacriaceae family, genus Udemanciella. A rare mushroom that grows on the trunks of fallen European beech, sometimes on damaged trees that are still alive. The curved leg reaches 2-8 cm in length and has a diameter of 2 to 4 mm.
  The cap itself is light, below the “skirt” it is covered with brown flakes, and has a characteristic thickening at the base. The ring is thick and slimy. The caps of young honey mushrooms have the shape of a wide cone; with age, they open up and become flat-convex. At first, the skin of the mushrooms is dry and olive-gray in color; with age, it becomes slimy, whitish or beige with yellowness. The plates are sparsely located and have a yellowish color. The pulp of the mucous honey fungus is tasteless, odorless, white; in old mushrooms, the lower part of the stem turns brown. Slimy honey fungus is found in the broad-leaved European zone.

• Spring honey fungus or wood-loving collibia(lat. Gymnopus dryophilus, Collybia dryophila)- a type of edible mushrooms of the non-gnacaceae family, genus Gymnopus. It grows in separate small groups on fallen trees and decaying foliage, in forests dominated by oak and pine. The elastic leg, 3 to 9 cm long, is usually smooth, but sometimes has a thickened base. The cap of young honey mushrooms is convex, and over time it acquires a broadly convex or flattened shape. The skin of young mushrooms is brick-colored; in mature individuals it becomes lighter and becomes yellow-brown. The plates are frequent, white, sometimes with a pink or yellow tint. The pulp is white or yellowish, with a weak taste and smell. Spring honey mushrooms grow throughout the temperate zone from early summer to November.

• Common garlic mushroom (common garlic mushroom) (lat. Mycetinis scorodonius, Marasmius scorodonius)– an edible small mushroom of the non-rot family, genus garlic. It has a characteristic garlic smell, which is why it is often used in seasonings. The cap is slightly convex or hemispherical, and can reach 2.5 cm in diameter. The color of the cap depends on humidity: in rainy weather and fogs it is brownish, sometimes a rich red hue, in dry weather it becomes creamy. The plates are light, very rare. The leg of this honey mushroom is hard and shiny, darker below.

• (lat. Mycetinis alliaceus) belongs to the genus Garlicaceae of the non-Rottenaceae family. The mushroom cap can be quite large (up to 6.5 cm), slightly translucent closer to the edge. The surface of the cap is smooth, yellow or red in color, brighter in the center. The pulp has a pronounced garlic aroma. A strong leg up to 5 mm thick and 6 to 15 cm long, gray or black, covered with pubescence. Grows in Europe, preferring deciduous forests, and especially rotting leaves and twigs of beech.

• – a conditionally edible mushroom belonging to the family Arya. Some consider it inedible. The cap is convex; as the mushroom ages, it becomes flatter, up to 15 cm in diameter. The surface is covered with small red-purple scales. The flesh of the honey mushroom is yellow, its structure in the stem is more fibrous, and in the cap it is dense. The taste may be bitter, and the smell may be sour or woody-putrid. The leg is usually curved, hollow in the middle and upper part, thickened at the base.

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Honey mushrooms - beneficial properties.

Honey mushrooms are one of the most popular mushrooms, which got their name due to the place where they grow. Since honey mushrooms do not grow individually, but live in whole families, around one stump you can easily collect a whole basket of delicious and healthy mushrooms, which, by the way, are considered a very low-calorie product.
Useful substances included in honey mushrooms:

• vitamins B, C, PP and E;
• microelements (phosphorus, potassium, zinc, iron, etc.);
• cellulose;
• amino acids;
• proteins;
• natural sugars.

How are honey mushrooms useful? It is interesting that in terms of the content of some useful microelements, for example, phosphorus and potassium, which are part of their composition, honey mushrooms can easily compete with river or other types of fish. Therefore, it is advisable for vegetarians to consume these mushrooms to prevent bone disorders and bone tissue.
Due to the high content of magnesium, iron, zinc and copper in mushrooms, honey mushrooms have a positive effect on hematopoietic processes, so they are recommended to be taken for anemia. Just 100 g of these mushrooms is enough, and you can fill your body with the daily norm of microelements necessary to maintain hemoglobin.
Numerous types of honey mushrooms differ significantly in their vitamin composition. While some types of these mushrooms are rich in retinol, which is useful for strengthening hair, promoting youthful skin and healthy eyes, others are endowed with large amounts of vitamin E and C, which have a beneficial effect on the immune and hormonal systems.
Honey mushrooms are also considered natural antiseptics, as they boast anti-cancer and antimicrobial properties. In their strength they can be compared to antibiotics or garlic, so it is useful to take them if you have E. coli or Staphylococcus aureus in your body.
Regular consumption of honey mushrooms can prevent the development of cardiovascular diseases. IN folk medicine this mushroom is often used to treat pathologies of the liver and thyroid gland.

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Honey mushrooms: contraindications.

However, despite all the benefits of these mushrooms, this product can be harmful:

• Honey mushrooms should not be given to children under 12 years of age;
• The vinegar contained in pickled honey mushrooms is harmful to patients with gastrointestinal diseases, ulcers and gastritis.

Cooking honey mushrooms.

As for eating honey mushrooms, you should take into account that the lower part of the stem is somewhat harsh, so it is recommended to use only the mushroom cap. After collecting honey mushrooms, it is necessary to thoroughly wash and remove debris. The main methods of preparing honey mushrooms include frying, pickling and salting. Honey mushrooms can also be stored frozen.

False honey mushrooms - description and photographs. How to distinguish edible honey mushrooms from false honey mushrooms.

An experienced mushroom picker can easily distinguish false mushrooms from edible ones, and although certain types of false mushrooms are considered conditionally edible, it is better not to take risks, but to be guided by the rule: “If you’re not sure, don’t take it.”

What do false mushrooms look like? The color of the cap of real honey mushrooms is light beige or brownish in color; the caps of inedible honey mushrooms are more brightly colored and can be rusty brown, brick red or orange color.

False sulfur-yellow honey mushrooms, which have a color similar to the real ones, are considered especially dangerous.

To distinguish honey mushrooms from false honey mushrooms, you also need to know that the surface of the cap of edible honey mushrooms is covered with special specks - scales, darker than the cap itself. False honey mushrooms have a smooth cap, in most cases wet, and after rain it becomes sticky. As the mushroom grows, the scales disappear; lovers of overgrown mushrooms should take this into account.

The difference between false mushrooms also lies in the plates of the mushroom. back side The caps of real edible honey mushrooms consist of many white, cream or white-yellow plates. The plates of poisonous honey mushrooms are green, bright yellow or olive-black. False brick-red honey fungus often has a cobweb formation under its cap.

Edible honey mushrooms have a characteristic mushroom aroma; false ones usually smell strongly of mold or smell unpleasantly of earth, and also have a bitter taste.

To protect yourself from painful torment and serious poisoning, a novice mushroom picker should still focus on the main difference - the presence of a “skirt” under the cap of a real honey mushroom.

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• All varieties of honey mushrooms are hard workers: usually settling on diseased or almost completely non-viable wood remains and overly depleted soils, these mushrooms perfectly process any biomass into useful microelements, restore the balance of the soil substrate, making it suitable and healthy for the growth of other plants.
• In Rus', the skin of the meadow mushroom was used on the principle of a modern adhesive plaster: it perfectly healed shallow wounds from cuts, relieved the burning sensation after burns and relieved pain.
• In ancient times, the mushroom was attributed to the mushroom magical property indicate a treasure: it was believed that where a lot of honey mushrooms are found, a treasure must be buried.

nashzeleniymir.ru

The message about the fly agaric can be used in preparation for the lesson. The story about fly agaric for children can be supplemented with interesting facts.

Report on fly agaric

fly agaric- a poisonous mushroom from the genus Amanita. This beauty has a luxurious, usually bright red hat with white spots, a ring of fringe on the leg, and at the very base of the leg there are scales or a braid. This beautiful but poisonous mushroom is found in almost all forests of our planet.

Why is the fly agaric called that? The origin of the name of this mushroom is historical - since it has long been used to repel flies. These mushrooms were ground finely, the powder was added to sweetened water and the places where there were the most flies were smeared with it. Stupid flies flew to the sweets and died after tasting the poisoned water.

Description of fly agaric

Fly agaric is a fairly large mushroom with a fleshy body and a stalk. In young specimens, the cap is dome-shaped, and as it grows it opens up like an umbrella. The leg of the fly agaric is expanded towards the base and is easily separated from the cap. The top of the leg is framed by a “skirt” - the remains of a shell in which very young individuals are enclosed. The fly agaric mushroom reproduces by spores that look like white powder.

There are more than 600 species in the fly agaric family. The color of the fly agaric depends on its type and age. Amanita caps can be red, yellow, white, green, brown, orange. Most famous fly agarics are red fly agaric, pale toadstool, stinking fly agaric, royal fly agaric, Caesar mushroom. Almost all fly agarics are very poisonous; the most poisonous representative of their family is the toadstool.

The fly agaric mushroom is known for its hallucinogenic properties, and some types of fly agaric mushrooms are deadly poisonous. Ibotenic acid, muscarine and other components are to blame for this. The fly agaric poison spreads throughout the body quickly, so that signs of fly agaric poisoning appear approximately 15 minutes after eating poisonous mushrooms. Even children know about fly agaric and its poisonous properties.

But even poisonous fly agarics Some animals eat it, and people have learned to use it in medicine for medicinal purposes.

We hope the information presented about fly agaric helped you. And you can leave your report on the fly agaric through the comment form.

kratkoe.com

The red fly agaric belongs to the genus of mycorrhiza-forming lamellar fungi of the Amanitaceae family. The plant is quite beautiful, but at the same time very dangerous to the health of both humans and animals.

The mushroom got its name because of its unusual ability to kill insects. All this is possible thanks to the content of ibotenic acid, as well as muscazone, muscarine and muscimol.

The name, so strange at first glance, actually consists of two words, and not one, as it might seem: “fly” is an insect that, as our ancestors believed, is a product of dead flesh; and “mora” (or “mara”) - the ancient Slavic goddess of death was called there. The result is the unusual phrase “fly death.” It is interesting that in other countries the name of the mushroom differs little from ours. So, the French call it Tue Mouche (fly swatter), the Germans call it Hiegenpilz (fly mushroom), but the British call it Flyagaric (flying lamellar mushroom).

In the old days, fly agaric was used as a means to exterminate flies, as well as some other insects (for example, bedbugs). So, the mushroom was finely chopped, the resulting pieces were doused with milk or plain water and placed in several places throughout the room. At the same time, a piece of paper or a piece of cloth was placed on the plate so that the flies had something to sit on. After eating this dish, the flies died after a short period of time

www.colors.life

Description of the red fly agaric

The size of the red fly agaric cap ranges from 8 to 20 centimeters. At first, the shape of the fly agaric cap is hemispherical, but with age it opens up and becomes flat or concave. The color is bright red, and the color density varies. The skin is shiny with white wart flakes.

The pulp is white, and closer to the skin it is light yellow or light orange, with a slightly pronounced odor. The width of the plates is 0.8-1.2 centimeters, their color is cream or white. The plates are arranged freely, and between them there are numerous intermediate plates.

The leg is 8-20 centimeters high, its diameter is 1-2.5 centimeters. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, the tuberous base is thickened, the color is yellowish or white. In adulthood, the leg becomes hollow. There are flakes on the cap - remnants of the coverlet. Flakes may fall off. In the upper part of the leg there is a membranous ring with uneven edges and a brownish surface. The spores are smooth, ellipsoidal in shape, the spore powder is white.

Variability of the red fly agaric

The cap can have different shades - from bright red to orange-red; in older specimens the color becomes much lighter. Young mushrooms most often have flakes on their caps, while old mushrooms may have them washed off by rain. Sometimes the plates may turn light yellow. IN North America a form grows characterized by a lighter yellow-orange cap.

Places where red fly agarics grow

Red fly agarics form mycorrhizae mainly with spruce and birch. They prefer to grow in acidic soils. Often found in forests temperate climate Northern Hemisphere. They can grow in the mountains, occurring up to the upper border of the forest. In our country, red fly agarics grow everywhere. These mushrooms bear fruit from August to October.

Similar species

Externally, red fly agaric mushrooms are similar to the edible Caesar mushroom, which grows mainly in Southern Europe, but these mushrooms can be distinguished by their plates and golden-yellow stem.

Also, the red fly agaric is similar in appearance to its brother, the royal fly agaric, but it has a darker red-brown cap.

Toxic properties of red fly agaric

Red fly agaric contains muscarine, muscimol and ibotenic acid. The fruiting bodies of fly agarics contain toxic substances that have a psychotropic effect.

Ibotenic acid is toxic and causes brain cell death. For a long time it was believed that muscarine was an active psychotropic substance, but then it was proven that muscimol and ibotenic acid have a psychotropic effect. And muscarine dilates blood vessels and reduces cardiac output.

At large quantities in the body, muscarine causes nausea, vomiting, low blood pressure, increased sweating and salivation. In severe cases, suffocation occurs due to pulmonary edema, convulsions and bronchospasm. And in the most critical situations, loss of consciousness occurs and death occurs.

When poisoning with red fly agarics, deaths are very rare, because if one mushroom accidentally ends up in a basket of edibles, then the concentration of poison is very small. And it’s very easy to recognize a fly agaric thanks to its characteristic colors. Lethal dose– 15 red fly agaric caps per person.

Use of red fly agarics as an insecticide

Back in the 13th century, the toxic properties of these mushrooms towards insects were revealed. Red fly agarics were used to make infusions against insects, which is why the characteristic name appeared.

Flies die not from poisoning, but for another reason. In adult fly agarics, the caps become concave, water accumulates in them, the flies drink this water with dissolved alkaloids, as a result of which after a few minutes they fall asleep and simply drown. The same situation occurs if there is a saucer of fly agarics in water in the room. But if you take the fly out of the water, then after 10-12 hours it will safely wake up and fly away.

Psychotropic properties of red fly agarics

Red fly agarics contain psychoactive substances, which is why they have long been used by various peoples in religious ceremonies. Northern peoples used these mushrooms as an intoxicating remedy. The effect of red fly agarics is similar to severe intoxication: hallucinations occur, attacks of joy and anger alternate, objects split into two, sounds begin to be heard, and colored visions appear. Afterwards, loss of consciousness occurs, accompanied by amnesia.

Interestingly, when reindeer discover red fly agarics, they rush to feast on them. The Chukchi most often dried fly agarics. Then they took a bite from dried mushrooms small pieces, chewed them thoroughly and washed down with water.

Psychoactive and toxic substances dissolve well in hot water, if fly agaric mushrooms are boiled in several waters, the poisoning will be less severe. But since the poison content in the fruiting bodies can vary, eating red fly agarics is dangerous. But despite this, fly agarics are eaten in Japan, Nagano Prefecture. Some sources report that when red fly agarics are boiled in two waters, they become edible, but this information is not substantiated.

After consuming red fly agarics, a person may laugh or cry for 2 hours, be captivated by hallucinations, or fall into an unconscious state. The poison of these mushrooms acts almost immediately, causing suffocation, convulsions, fainting or stimulation of the nervous system. These mushrooms began to be used as a drug in our country more than 1000 years ago.

The Mari and Mordovians considered these mushrooms to be the food of the gods. And the shamans of the Ob Ugrians used fly agarics to achieve trance. The Chukchi, Kamchadals and Koryaks used these mushrooms to communicate with spirits, predict the future and other ritual rites.

Among the Chukchi, 3 stages of intoxication with fly agarics have been described. First comes pleasant excitement, fun, dexterity appears and physical strength increases. At the second stage, hallucinations occur, people see spirits, they hear voices, objects look disproportionately large, reality seems different, but at the same time people can answer questions and remain conscious. But the third stage is difficult, a person’s consciousness changes, communication with others is interrupted, he remains active, communicates with hallucinogenic spirits, and then falls into a heavy narcotic sleep.

Use of red fly agarics in medicine

In folk medicine, these mushrooms are used to treat cancer, as an immunostimulating, antiviral and anthelmintic agent. They also treat joints. But science has not confirmed the effectiveness of red fly agarics.

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The name "Amanita" in Latin

As is the case with most other names of mushrooms known to Russian people, the name “Amanita” is a folk one. In fact, mushrooms of this genus have the Latin name “Amánita”.

The history of the origin of the original name of mushrooms in Latin is extremely simple - the first fly agarics were found on Mount Amanon, where they grew in great abundance.

Why is fly agaric so popularly called?

If we talk about the popular name, which is widely used among residents of the CIS countries, being, perhaps, the most common name for mushrooms, then it was given to this plant for a reason.

This is due to the use of fly agaric for sanitary purposes, because this type of mushroom is an ideal insecticidal agent that can help fight insects, including flies. It is worth noting that only the red fly agaric, which has the same “classic” appearance that we are so accustomed to seeing in images, cartoons and illustrated books, helps in the fight against insects.

Interpretation of the name “Amanita” for children

It is very important to convey to children why the fly agaric is called that, because our offspring can stumble upon similar plants on the street, and it is extremely important that they understand that such a mushroom can harm their body.

The name, as we have already said, was given to the mushroom because it was used to counteract flies, so it can be explained by merging two words: kill and flies.

This information should be imprinted in the children’s memory and become a kind of danger indicator, reminding them that they should not even approach fly agaric-like plants.

Of course, among the abundance of mushrooms of the fly agaric family, there are also harmless, even edible ones. Some species of this genus are considered delicacies, but it is almost impossible to find them in our country, so it is better to be wary of any fly agaric that a person might encounter.

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Fly agaric is the king of mushrooms, decorating the forest thicket with lanterns of bright scarlet caps dotted with white specks. Helpful imagination completes pictures from old children's fairy tales, where Baba Yaga brews a magic potion from it.

Types of fly agarics

Fly agaric is a genus of mycorrhiza-forming lamellar fungi of the Amanitaceae family. The same name is used for a mushroom with a red cap with white speckles. Fly agaric is a poisonous mushroom. Latin name genus of mushrooms – Amánita. There are more than 600 species in the fly agaric family. There are several options for the taxonomy of these fungi, the most famous are the classifications of E. Gilbert, Garsens, Jenkins. In the modern scientific community, the most authoritative system is R. Singer.

The color of the fly agaric depends on its type. Hats different types can be red, yellow, white, green, brown, orange. The most famous are the red fly agaric, the pale toadstool, the stinking fly agaric, the royal fly agaric, and the Caesar mushroom.

Fly agaric: description and photo

Fly agaric is a fairly large mushroom with a fleshy body and a stalk. In young specimens, the cap is dome-shaped, and as it grows it opens up like an umbrella. The leg of the fly agaric is expanded towards the base and is easily separated from the cap. The top of the leg is framed by a “skirt” - the remains of a shell in which very young individuals are enclosed. The color of the fly agaric cap can vary depending on the type of fly agaric, place of growth and age. The fly agaric mushroom reproduces by spores that look like white powder.

Properties of the mushroom

The fly agaric mushroom is known for its hallucinogenic properties, and some types of fly agaric mushrooms are deadly poisonous. Ibotenic acid, muscarine and other components are to blame for this. The fly agaric poison spreads throughout the body quickly, so that signs of fly agaric poisoning appear approximately 15 minutes after eating poisonous mushrooms.

Is it possible to eat fly agarics?

To be fair, it should be noted that edible fly agaric is also found in the forests. The Caesar mushroom (Caesar's fly agaric) grows in the Mediterranean, which was considered a delicacy in ancient times. The Roman commander Lucullus, a recognized gourmet, ordered it to be served as the main dish at his feasts. And yet, experts do not recommend experimenting with your health and eating fly agaric, although in some Asian countries they love this mushroom.

Where do fly agarics grow?

It is very easy to find fly agaric in the forest. This beautiful but poisonous mushroom is found almost everywhere; its varieties are found even in Australia. In Russia, fly agaric grows in both coniferous and deciduous forests. You can also see fly agaric in the tundra, among dwarf birches. Amanita mushrooms grow both in groups and individually. The growing season is quite long: from early summer to November.

Why was the mushroom called fly agaric?

In Russia of past centuries, fly agaric was used for its intended purpose - as an insecticide. Hats sprinkled with sugar were placed on window sills and furniture to attract flies, mosquitoes and other harmful insects. The product worked no worse than modern aerosols. This is where the name of the mushroom came from.

How is fly agaric useful?

Fly agaric, the medicinal properties of which were discovered long ago, is used in medicine for medicinal purposes. To prepare medicinal tinctures, only caps are used. The list of diseases for which tinctures, extracts and ointments from fly agarics are used is quite extensive: arthritis, gout, various tumors, eczema, rheumatic pain. Treat diseases of the digestive tract with infusions, diabetes. In addition, forest fly agarics help rejuvenate the body and restore energy. In France, an extract from these mushrooms is used to treat insomnia.

Application and benefits

Fly agaric mushrooms are collected throughout the growing season. Only caps of a dark color, round and even are taken. Mushrooms, cut lengthwise, are dried in the oven at a temperature of no more than 50°. If the fly agaric caps are large, it is advisable to pre-dry them in the open air. Dried mushrooms should be stored in a sealed container in a dark, dry place. Medicines prepared from fly agarics should be taken only under the supervision of a homeopathic physician.

External use always gives a good healing effect. Fly agaric in the forest is the first remedy for healing wounds. To do this, you just need to take the hat, knead it and bandage it to the affected area. In less than 2 hours the wound will begin to heal.

When using fly agaric, you should always remember that this mushroom is deadly poisonous! All mushrooms collected for storage, as well as preparations made from them, must be kept in labeled containers on the far shelves. Children and pets should not have access to them. If there are signs of fly agaric poisoning or even suspicion of it, you should urgently contact medical care.

• Despite its toxicity, fly agaric is beneficial to humans. Since ancient times, priests have used these mushrooms for religious rites and ritual ceremonies. The prepared fly agaric tincture helped Siberian shamans put themselves into a trance and communicate with the souls of the departed in other worlds.

Let's figure out why honey mushrooms and fly agarics were called that. Most likely, there is a clear cause-and-effect relationship that will lead us to the answer to the question asked.

Why was the fly agaric called that?

The fly agaric is visually attractive and deadly. It belongs to the genus of lamellar mushrooms of the Amanitaceae family. It got its name (why don’t you rack your brains) because of its ability to kill - it contains various toxic poisons, which, when ingested in large quantities, affect nervous system. In humans, the mortality rate from these fungi averages 20-30%, even if the person receives medical care.
One of the versions of the origin of the name is connected with its two components: our ancestors considered the fly to be a product of dead flesh, and Mora/Mara was the name of the ancient Slavic goddess of death. It turned out that the mushroom meant the death of a fly. By the way, in other countries the name is also associated with flies: tue mouche (“fly swatter” in France) or hiegenpilz (“fly mushroom” in Germany).
In ancient times, our ancestors used fly agaric to fight flies and other types of insects. They finely chopped the mushroom, doused the pieces with water or milk and placed them throughout the room, after placing them on a saucer. The flies ate their “death” and died.

Why are honey mushrooms called that?

Honey fungus is the name of a mushroom that is common in our everyday life. Scientifically it sounds like armillaria. It’s not easy to remember (and is it worth it?), besides, in our country the more familiar and understandable word is more common.
There are several versions of why honey mushrooms are called that. One of them says that the first honey mushroom was found on a stump many, many years ago. People cut it together with its small brothers and called them honey mushrooms. Over time, the letter “n” disappeared (without it, by the way, the word is easier to pronounce), but the word “honey mushrooms” remained.
According to another version, these mushrooms were found near a stump, so they began to be called upenka, near-upenka and superupenka. These words were also later transformed into those we are familiar with. Another story says that people who cut mushrooms for the first time, after some time saw them again on another stump and exclaimed: “There they are again!” This is how honey mushrooms appeared, which appeared in the forest again, again and again.