The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.
What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?
Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.
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UVA. Long-wave radiation range
315–400 nmThe rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.
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UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
280–315 nmThe rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.
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UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
100–280 nmThe most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.
The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.
At what UV index values is there a danger?
The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.
- 0–2 Low
- 3–5 Moderate
- 6–7 High
- 8–10 Very high
- 11+ Extreme
In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values (6–7) only when maximum height The sun is above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.
What are the benefits of the sun?
In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.
Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.
The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.
Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.
Why is the sun dangerous?
When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.
The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.
Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain
How the Sun affects people
Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.
At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.
Who is most influenced by the Sun?
People with fair hair
skin tone
People with many moles
Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south
Winter lovers
fishing
Skiers and climbers
People having family history skin cancer
In what weather is the sun more dangerous?
It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.
Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional places beach holiday. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.
How to protect yourself from the sun
To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:
Spend less time in the sun during midday hours
Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats
Use protective creams
Wear sunglasses
Stay in the shade more on the beach
Which sunscreen to choose
Sunscreen varies in degree of sun protection and is labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.
For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.
Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.
For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.
How to Apply Sunscreen
The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.
Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.
How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming
Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting Sun rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.
Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.
It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.
How to protect your eyes
Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.
Danger for skiers and climbers
In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.
Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.
Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.
How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned
Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.
Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas
If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic
If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention. medical care
/ Places on Earth where it’s summer all year round /
The harsh Russian climate makes us look forward to summer every year and dream of places where summer never stops. Let's consider countries where the temperature during the year rarely drops below +20 degrees.
India
India is a very colorful country that attracts millions of travelers and tourists every year. You cannot treat it neutrally: either you will love India with all your heart and will return here again and again, or it will cause a storm of negative emotions.
Needed. The most popular resort is Goa.
The most best time to visit the country - the period from October to May. The average daily temperature at this time is +30- +32 degrees.
Thailand
Thailand is a favorite country of Russian tourists. Tender sea, abundance of fruits, low prices and summer all year round - what else is needed for happiness?
For citizens Russian Federation A visa to Thailand is not required; they are allowed visa-free stay in the country for up to 30 days.
The most popular resorts: Samui, Phuket and Pattaya. You can relax here all year round; the daytime temperature rarely drops below +28 - +30. Even during the rainy season from March to October, there are many places in Thailand where you can relax without fear of precipitation.
Bali Island
The Indonesian island of Bali also attracted Russian tourists. The friendliness of the local people beautiful nature, magnificent beaches and excellent fishing are what attract people from all over the world to this island.
The holiday season lasts all year round. Even the rainy season from November to March cannot scare away holidaymakers from snow-white beaches, because the water temperature is not lower than +25- +28 degrees.
A visa valid for 30 days is issued to Russian citizens upon arrival in Bali. The most popular resorts: Kuta, Seminyak, Jimbaran, Amed.
Australia
In Australia everything is not the same as here. When we have winter, it is summer for them, when it is summer for us, it is also summer for them. Between November and February, the southern coast of the country enjoys wonderful Mediterranean weather, suitable for swimming and complete relaxation. Australia is simply a paradise for surfers, but even if you are not a surfer, watching the wave conquerors is also a pleasure.
Needed. The most popular resorts: Sydney, Tasmania, Great Barrier Reef, Perth.
Seychelles
Anyone who has visited the Seychelles is sure that he has visited paradise. Beautiful beaches, gentle sea, shady alleys, tranquility and leisurely pace - all this creates a unique atmosphere of idleness and tranquility.
The season lasts here from May to October, the daytime temperature does not fall below +28 degrees. In winter it is also warm, but the amount of precipitation increases and the humidity rises. However, this is by no means an obstacle for true admirers of the islands.
Citizens of the Russian Federation do not need a visa. Popular beaches: Praslin, Mahe, La Digue, Desroches.
Dominican Republic
The Dominican Republic is a distant, alluring country, famous for its endless beaches, excellent fishing and the secrets that the Caribbean Sea hides. A paradise for divers and adventure lovers. Hospitable locals, delicious local cuisine and fiery Dominican rhythms await every visitor who falls in love with this country from the first minute. The season lasts from December to March, this is the most favorable time for relaxation, the temperature remains stable at +30.
The visa is issued upon arrival in the Dominican Republic. Best beaches: Puerto Plata, Cabarete, Boca Chico, Samana.
Maldives
The Maldives is a beautiful Eden accessible to any mortal. They come there to relax, forget about problems and enjoy peace. The only thing to remember is Muslim country, the islands have strict rules of behavior, non-compliance with which can result in fines and even imprisonment.
The best time to relax here is from November to April; the temperature rarely drops below +30 degrees.
Russian citizens do not require a visa. Famous beaches: Male, Ari Atoll, Sun Island.
If you are already tired of the cold Russian winter and want a little sun and warmth, then we suggest you get acquainted with places where it is summer all year round and maybe even choose something suitable for yourself and go on a trip, if, of course, your finances allow you.
Cape Verde (Cape Verde Islands). Air temperature in January is + 20-25 degrees Celsius, water - 20-21.
Seychelles. Air temperature in January is + 24-30 degrees Celsius, water - 26-30.
Mozambique. Air temperature in January is + 26-30 degrees Celsius, water - 26-30.
Oman. Air temperature in January is + 20-25 degrees Celsius, water - 21-24.
Costa Rica. Air temperature in January is + 25-28 degrees Celsius, water - 26-28.
Langkawi (Malaysia). The air temperature in January is + 30-33 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is 28-30.
Gran Canaria (Spain). Air temperature in January is + 18-22 degrees Celsius, water temperature is -19-21.
Riviera Maya (Mexico). Air temperature in January is + 26-30 degrees Celsius, water - 26-28.
Sri Lanka. The air temperature in January is + 30-34 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is 27-30.
Tenerife (Spain). Air temperature in January is + 16-23 degrees Celsius, water temperature is -19-22.
Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Air temperature in January is + 26-30 degrees Celsius, water - 24-26.
Vietnam. Air temperature in January is + 28-36 degrees Celsius, water temperature - 23-30.
Cuba. The air temperature in January is + 24-26 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is 24-26.
Lanzarote (Spain). Air temperature in January is + 18-20 degrees Celsius, water temperature - 19-21.
Antigua and Barbuda. Air temperature in January is + 25-28 degrees Celsius, water temperature - 24-26.
Gambia. The air temperature in January is + 25-27 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is 23-25.
Barbados. The air temperature in January is + 25-30 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is 25-27.
Saint Lucia (island state in the Caribbean). Air temperature in January is + 26-30 degrees Celsius, water - 26-30.
Abu Dhabi (UAE). The air temperature in January is + 24-27 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is 25-27.
Cambodia. The air temperature in January is + 30-35 degrees Celsius, the water temperature is 28-30.
Kamran Jebreili/AP
For those who spent the whole summer in Moscow and worked non-stop, we recommend going to Dubai. Now there is the summer that every resident of the metropolis dreams of, who spent all the summer months wearing a coat and watching the rain outside the window. Throughout September, the temperature in Dubai varies from +34 to + 36, and there are no cloudy or partly cloudy days on the calendar!
Dubai is also attractive from a visa point of view. Firstly,
From February 1, visas to the UAE became free, which means the trip became cheaper by another $75.
Secondly, you no longer need to apply for a visa in advance, so you can go to Dubai even this evening, you just need to buy a ticket.
In addition to skyscrapers, shopping, luxurious beaches Persian Gulf and water in which you splash like in warm milk (or in soup - but then it’s already unpleasant), in Dubai you can immerse yourself in the world of contemporary art or pay attention to Muslim fashion - a lot of interesting things have appeared here over the past few years.
Montenegro
Varvara Gertier/RIA Novosti
You can and should go to Montenegro in the fall - when the temperature does not go beyond +35, touching wilting begins to appear in nature, the danger of encountering a forest fire disappears, the beaches become freer, and figs and grapes appear in the markets (in July there are also figs , but you didn’t make it there in July?). The absence of oppressive heat means that you won’t lie helplessly in a hammock all day long and will be able to travel around the country, which, in addition to the beaches of Budva and the sunsets of Kotor, has a lot to offer.
For example, Cetinje is the cultural capital of Montenegro, to which no one goes of their own free will in the summer, because they really don’t want to move away from the sea. Here you can go to National Museum Montenegro and the Cetinje Monastery, see the oldest libraries in the country, find out what students of the Faculty of Fine Arts and the Faculty of Drama, as well as the Music Academy of the University of Montenegro look like, walk through parks in English and French style.
In general, in Cetinje in the fall you can stop feeling like a sweaty vegetable and learn something about the culture and history of Montenegro,
because this is not just a resort, but a city where Prince Ivan I Cernoevich founded his residence in 1482, and in 1838 the first secular residence of Montenegrin rulers was built by the beloved fighter for the independence of the country, Peter II Njegos.
Agadir, Morocco
Amr Dalsh/Reuters
You do not need a visa to travel to Morocco. You can swim and sunbathe in Agadir throughout September; the air temperature throughout the month will not drop below + 27. However, in Agadir you can not only sunbathe.
For example, you can visit the Domaine Villate Limoune wild animal ranch, where porcupines, kangaroos, camels, and peacocks live. Or head to the city's main market, Souk el Had, where you can buy everything from babushka slippers, pottery and stoles to oils, olives, dates and oranges.
Nice, France
Eric Gaillard/Reuters
If the heat makes you dizzy and the word "tan" means " premature aging", - go to the Cote d'Azur in September-October. The sun is no longer burning here, but the weather is still good - the temperature ranges from + 22 to + 25. You can still swim in this weather, although there is already something to do in Nice. For example, you can go to the Museum fine arts or take a walk in the Botanical Garden, where more than 3.5 thousand plants are presented. For lovers of walking, we recommend exploring the old town (here, by the way, you can also visit the opera), and for fans of archeology, stop by the Semje quarter and see
an arena for gladiator fights, an antique bath complex and the remains of ancient buildings.
A holiday in Nice is also suitable for shopaholics - the range of boutiques on Rue de France is in no way inferior to the world's fashion capitals.
The biggest advantage of a holiday in Nice is the opportunity to make your holiday even more eventful by going to nearby Cannes and Monaco. The cities are only 30 minutes away from each other. There will be enough impressions from what you see for your entire vacation: casinos, premium car showrooms, yachts at arm's length, the red carpet of the Cannes Film Festival and many Michelin-starred restaurants.
We recommend that nature lovers visit the Arboretum; here you can experience summer to the fullest. Or go see the waterfalls. There are Agur waterfalls to choose from - the most popular among tourists, Azhek waterfall - these are the two most beautiful waterfalls, and the highest waterfall - Orekhovsky (28 m). A one-day trip to Abkhazia (travel time will take about 3 hours) or to the mountains can diversify your trip - in summer Krasnaya Polyana looks even better than during the ski season.
Today, with snow slowly falling outside the window, we want to tell you about those places where “eternal May” reigns. Do you think this is a poetic exaggeration? But no.
There are many different and amazing places on our planet. Among them there are those where beautiful sunny weather reigns all year round. And this is reality!
We bring to your attention the 10 sunniest places on the planet.
San Diego, USA
A magnificent city on the coast with a fabulous climate: in summer the temperature is no higher than 27 degrees, in winter no lower than 18. Isn’t it magical? And add 300 days of sun per year. It’s not for nothing that travel companies literally make a cult of locals climatic conditions. Here is perhaps the most better weather in the world!
Santa Barbara, USA
Another wonderful town in California. Here it's a little cooler in winter- you will have to throw on a sweater for evening exercise. This is a city with history, it is beautiful and well-groomed, so it is attractive not only because of its climate.
Canary Islands, Spain
This chain of islands belongs to Spain and borders Africa. The excellent climate does not persist everywhere - this is due to the fact that the terrain here is mountainous. As you know, there is no mild climate in the mountains. But the coastline is a paradise for vacationers all year round.
Malaga, Spain
Pablo Picasso's birthplace is Malaga, a city with a deep history. Here you can walk along the ancient streets all year round, taking only a hat with you. IN winter time, however, the sun does not appear for long. But such places are beautiful even in the moonlight.
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Most Big City Brazil, located on the coast. The climate there is mild, non-arid, and storms are very rare. Unlike other Brazilian cities, it is not stiflingly hot here in the summer. And winter (southern hemisphere) is not winter at all, because temperatures do not drop below 20 degrees. Of course, with a plus sign.
Sydney, Australia
The weather on the coast of the continent is very comfortable - no droughts, no desert storms. In the main city it fluctuates between 20-25 degrees, and at winter nights it is not lower than 10.
Kunming, China
Weather China's climates are very different - in some areas it snows in winter, in others it rains torrentially. In this metropolis they are most comfortable: in the summer, when all the residents of neighboring cities are melting from the heat, here, thanks to the high location, the weather remains very attractive.
Lihue, Hawaii
A wonderful place to relax - in the summer it is very comfortable temperature, and the rains, of which there is a lot, fall in the form of short and bright showers. In winter, however, local residents often suffer from storms. But this is in winter.
Medellin, Colombia
A picturesque mountainous city, pleasant for relaxation and visiting at any time of the year. The temperature fluctuates only within 4 degrees. But it’s not uncommon to find rain here.
Durban, South Africa
The city is located on the east coast, it is famous for its excellent beaches and wonderful weather. The period from June to August is especially good for relaxation.