Why do the seasons change? Ancient thinkers and astronomers of Greece believed that the change of seasons was explained by mystical reasons that had nothing to do with the movement of the planets in the solar system.

Moreover, for them the rest of the universe was in motion around our planet, while the Earth itself remained motionless. A similar model was preserved in the Middle Ages, for religious reasons.

Nicolaus Copernicus made a revolution by proving that the Earth and other planets move around the Sun, and, as we will see, it is this movement that explains the change of seasons.

Movement around the Sun is the answer to the question

Earth from the Elektro-L satellite. The video shows how the Earth changed from January 1 to December 31, 2012.

Our planet has two constant movements: it moves around its axis, and also revolves around the Sun. The first movement explains the change of day and night - one full revolution occurs in 24 hours, we call it a day. The second movement is the immediate cause of the change of seasons.

The planet's axis is at an indirect angle to those falling on it. sun rays, if it were otherwise, the change of seasons would never have occurred, night and day would always be the same and last 12 hours, both at the equator, and in London, and in the Arctic.

However, the axis is tilted with respect to the sun's rays and does not align with them. right angle, therefore, within six months, the northern hemisphere receives most of the sun's heat, providing the sun's rays with a larger surface area than the southern hemisphere. The same thing happens to the southern hemisphere during the other half of the year.

Why is it warmer in the South all year round?

Since the Earth is at different distances relative to the Sun during its orbit, summers in the southern hemisphere are warmer than summers in the northern hemisphere. This is explained by the fact that at the moment when the distance between the Earth and the Sun is minimal, it is the Southern Hemisphere that is closer to the Sun than the Northern Hemisphere.

Of course, in South Africa There is winter and snow falls, but winter in South Africa and Australia is much warmer than winter in Russia on the Yamal Peninsula or in the New Guinea archipelago.

The change of seasons, mounted on the basis of images of the geostationary satellite METEOSAT-9, obtained during the period from December 21, 2010 to September 20, 2011.

Conclusion

So, the change of seasons occurs due to two factors: firstly, it is the movement of the Earth around the Sun in an elliptical orbit, and secondly, it is an indirect angle between the Earth’s orbit and the sun’s rays. Without one of these two factors, the seasons would never change on Earth.

However, the question arises: what season would there be in this case on Earth - eternal winter or eternal summer? Answer: neither one nor the other. The fact is that if the earth’s axis were not tilted, there would be eternal summer at the equator, where the rays fall at right angles, and the further from the equator, the colder it is. If our planet did not move around the Sun, but the axis was also inclined in relation to the sun's rays, there would be eternal summer in one of the hemispheres, and winter in the other, depending on the location of the Earth relative to the Sun.

The change of seasons is inextricably linked with the tilt of the earth's axis. Our blue planet moves around the Sun in an elliptical orbit (Latin orbita - track, road). In addition, the Earth rotates around its own axis. We do not feel all this variety of movements in outer space. Every morning, a bright star rises from the horizon in the east, rolls across the sky like a hot white disk, and then disappears behind the horizon in the west. The crimson sunset turns into twilight, and then night falls on the ground.

In winter, the Sun peeks above the horizon for only a third of the day. Dawn comes late, and dusk is always early. In summer the picture is completely different. The luminary climbs high into the sky and moves for a long time across the sky. Its travel time reaches 16 hours. People wake up when dawn is already dawning outside the window, and fall asleep without waiting for sunset.

The tilt of the earth's axis is to blame for all this. The earth's axis refers to an imaginary line connecting the North and South Poles. Moreover, it is located at an angle relative to the plane of the ecliptic. This means that at certain times the North Pole is closer to the Sun than the South Pole. And at other times the opposite is true - the South Pole is closer, and the North Pole is further away.

The angle between the axis and the plane is currently 23.44 degrees. But this value is not constant. Every year it changes by 0.47 seconds, and in the direction of decrease.

The Earth's orbit is not a perfect circle with the Sun at its center. This is an ellipse with an eccentricity of 0.0167. Therefore, the planet has minimally and maximally distant points in its orbit. At aphelion, the distance to the star is 152.083 million km, and at perihelion this value is correspondingly equal to 147.117 million km.

The planet passes perihelion around January 3rd. At this time, the Southern Hemisphere is turned towards the Sun, where summer is in full swing. Due to its closer distance, it receives more solar energy than the Northern Hemisphere. However, this effect and the change of seasons are in no way connected. Although there is more solar energy, all of its excess is absorbed by the waters of the world's oceans. The bulk of them are concentrated in southern regions planets.

Winter, summer, spring and autumn depend only on the tilt of the earth's axis. As the Earth moves around the Sun, this tilt does not change. That is why, in one part of its trajectory, our blue planet is turned more toward the star with its lower half. And on the other leg of the path, the upper half receives more heat.

Imagine that you are standing near a fire. The face and chest are warm, but the back is cool. Without changing your body position, walk around the fire and stand on the other side. Now the back is warm, and the face and chest are deprived of heat. The same thing happens to a planet when it orbits a yellow star.

The moments when the height of the Sun above the horizon reaches its maximum or minimum are called solstice. The summer solstice falls on June 21-22. This is the longest day of the year. But the shortest day is observed during winter solstice. It falls on December 21-22. In the spring on March 20-21 and in the fall on September 22-23 equinox. These are periods when the length of the day is equal to the length of the night.

The change of seasons in different hemispheres occurs over different periods of time. So in the Northern Hemisphere, autumn begins after 93.6 summer days and lasts 89.9 days. Winter, accordingly, lasts 89 days, and spring accounts for 92.8 days. In the Southern Hemisphere, summer ends after 89 days. Autumn lasts 92.9 days. Winter has 93.6 days, and spring has 89.9 days. We owe all this to the tilt of the axis and the earth's orbit. They are the ones responsible for different annual periods and give us warm summer and cold winter days.

The change of seasons on earth is a common occurrence. We are so accustomed to the fact that the seasons successively replace each other that we practically do not notice it. But it is with the onset of each new season that our entire way of life changes.

The time of year determines the choice of clothing and recreational activities. So in the summer we go on vacation and pick mushrooms and berries, in the fall we make beautiful compositions from fallen leaves and gifts of nature, in the winter we build snow forts and play ice hockey, in the spring we admire the flowering of plants and trees and enjoy the onset of warmth.

Why do the seasons change

There are only four seasons. They are also called seasons of the year. Summer differs from winter in the length of the day: summer nights are shorter than winter ones. Spring and autumn are periods when summer gradually turns into winter and vice versa.

If we talk about the central part of Russia, here the seasons of the year have the following characteristics:

• Spring. Nature awakens from a long winter sleep. It's getting warm. Plants begin to actively bloom.

• Summer. At this time there is a maximum increase in air temperature. Plants reproduce and bear fruit.

• Autumn. Gradual decrease in air temperature. Plants slow down their growth, nature is preparing for the onset of winter.

• Winter. Cold, precipitation in the form of snow. Nature plunges into a long winter sleep.

Why do the seasons change? What is the essence of this natural phenomenon? In order to clearly imagine the meaning of what is happening, you need to understand how the globe moves in outer space, then the reason for the change of seasons will become quite obvious.

There are two types of this movement:

• In one day, planet Earth completely rotates around its axis (this is the name of the conventional line passing through the north and south poles). That is why there is a change of day and night. People living on continents facing the Sun are awake, while those living on the opposite hemisphere are asleep.

• Over the course of a year, the Earth, moving around the Sun in an orbit resembling an ellipse, makes a full revolution.

There are two points in the Earth's orbit:

• Perihelion. The distance between it and the Sun is 147 million km. Closest to the Sun.

• Aphelion. It is 152 million km away from the Sun, therefore it is the farthest point.

As you can see, there is a difference between these points, which is estimated to be approximately 3%. As a result, the amount of solar energy received at two points is not the same, the difference is about 7%. But if you think that it is warmer at that point of the Earth that is closer to the Sun, you will be mistaken. January, the peak of winter cold, occurs in the Northern Hemisphere when our planet is at perihelion.

It turns out that the position of the Earth relative to the Sun does not affect the change of seasons. A much more important factor is its tilt angle, which is 23.5°. When the Earth makes a yearly revolution around the Sun, both hemispheres turn to face the star in turn. Accordingly, continents directed towards the Sun receive more light, and summer begins there. On the opposite side, receiving three times less heat, winter begins.

You may ask, what would happen if this angle did not exist? In this case, it would be impossible to distinguish the concept of “seasons”. After all, the Earth would rotate vertically, all its points would be at the same distance from the star, and therefore would receive the same amount of heat.

So, the answer to the question of why winter or summer comes is simple. The change of seasons occurs because the Earth rotates around the Sun at a certain angle of inclination.

Why do the seasons change? Encyclopedia for children

Change of seasons in the earth's hemispheres

Now you understand how and why the seasons change on Earth. Let's take a closer look at how they change in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

As we approach the Sun, summer begins on the continents of the Northern Hemisphere. The days become long, and in regions that are closer to the pole, it is light even after midnight. Then, moving in orbit, the Earth finds itself on the opposite side from the Sun, and due to the influence of the angle of inclination, the Northern Hemisphere moves away from sunlight and heat, which marks the arrival of winter on its continents.

Please note that people living in countries in the equatorial and tropical zones are not familiar with winter frosts. The fact is that the position of the equator relative to the Sun is practically not affected by the movement of the globe in its orbit. Therefore, the seasons here are not as contrasting as, for example, in Russia, and the transition from one season to another is very smooth.

The astronomical phenomenon of the transition of the Sun from one hemisphere to another is called an equinox.

Dates of the equinoxes:

• Spring. Occurs from March 20 to 21. At this time, the Sun gives more heat to the Northern Hemisphere.

• Autumn. Observed from September 22 to 23. The sun is heading towards the Southern Hemisphere.

If you were wondering why, for example, in South America winter is a hot season, then, having this knowledge, you can easily find the answer.

From March to September, the Northern Hemisphere faces the Sun. It receives more light and heat than the South, and on its continents it is gradually summer season when the day is longer than the night. Then the Earth, without changing its angle of inclination, changes its position, and now the continents of the Southern Hemisphere are facing the Sun, and the traditionally cold winter months in our country are hot. At this time, winter returns to the countries of the Northern Hemisphere.

So, our planet makes a full revolution around the Sun during the year, during this period of time its different parts manage to heat up or cool down, depending on the amount of heat received by them.

Climate zones of the Earth

Regions of our planet differ in their climate. The presence of climate zones is associated with uneven heating of the surface of the globe by the Sun and varying degrees of distribution of precipitation on it.

Astronomical seasons do not always coincide with climatic seasons on the continents. For example, in one region snow falls in winter, and It is raining in summer, in another there will be no precipitation at all for a long period of time, and long long rains begin at a certain point in the year.

Types of climate zones of the Earth:

• Equatorial. In spring and autumn in the regions of this belt there is a dry season, with heavy rains in summer and winter.

• Tropical. Hot weather stands throughout the year, heavy rainfall is observed only during the cold rainy season.

• Moderate(includes countries Western Europe, Central part Russia). In autumn and winter there is a lot of precipitation, snow falls on the ground, in summer and spring it is warm and relatively dry.

• Arctic and Antarctica. This climate zone is characterized by constant temperature: it always stays below zero. The change of polar night and day means a change of seasons.

Today, in one day, changing the cold season to a warm one and getting from winter to hot summer is very simple, you just need to buy a plane ticket. Many travel lovers take advantage of this feature of nature.

How do the seasons change?

Even in childhood, we notice that nature around us is constantly changing. It’s hot and sunny outside, the greenery is lush and we know that it’s summer. But then a month passes, then another, and it becomes cooler, leaves begin to fall, and it rains. It's autumn. After autumn comes snowy winter, which, in turn, gives way to spring, when the snow melts and streams run. And then summer comes again. Why does the season change? Let's try to figure it out.

Our planet Earth, which is spherical in shape, revolves around a star called the Sun. The Earth makes a complete revolution around the Sun in exactly one year. At the same time, the Earth also rotates around its axis, making one revolution per day. It is due to rotation around its axis that the change of day and night occurs on Earth.

The points through which the Earth's rotation axis passes are called poles. In the Northern Hemisphere, this point is called the North Pole and it is located in the Arctic Ocean, and in the Southern Hemisphere there is the South Pole, which is located on a continent called Antarctica.

Astronomers have long discovered that the Earth's axis is tilted relative to the plane in which the Earth rotates around the Sun. Due to this tilt of the earth's axis different times The height of the sunrise above the horizon varies throughout the year. For example, in the summer the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun and you can notice that at noon the Sun is high above your head, almost at its zenith. At the same time, the Sun warms the surface of the Northern Hemisphere so well that summer comes there and all nature blossoms. In summer the days are very long and the nights are short. And in areas close to North Pole In summer the sun does not set beyond the horizon at all and polar day sets in.

When the Earth makes another half revolution around the Sun, the Northern Hemisphere will be tilted in the direction opposite to the Sun, and winter will come. The sun will rise very low above the horizon. The day will become short and the night will be long. Due to the short daylight hours and the low altitude of the Sun above the horizon, the surface of the Northern Hemisphere warms up poorly and winter sets in. In the polar regions, in winter there is a polar night, when the Sun does not rise above the horizon at all.

In the Southern Hemisphere, everything happens exactly the opposite - in June, July, August there is winter and snow, and in December, January, February, summer begins.

In the intermediate positions of the Earth between “winter” and “summer”, when the North and South poles are equally distant from the Sun, spring or autumn periods begin, depending on the hemisphere. In autumn and spring there are two special days when day is equal to night. Such days are called equinox days.

Tell me, how did you spend your recent weekend? Sunbathed, played snowballs or splashed through autumn puddles? What do you wear when you go out? Our every day depends on the time of year. in winter- skiing, in summer- swimming, in autumn- mushroom picking, and in the spring we take off our warm clothes and enjoy the gentle Sun. I'll try to explain.

Year on Earth divided by four seasons. Winter- long evenings and short days, summer- the favorite time of most people, the days are the longest of the year, and the sun is high in the sky. There are also so-called off-season - autumn and spring. During these intervals it happens change from winter to summer and vice versa. Each season brings its own rules to nature:

• winter- the time when nature “falls asleep”;
• spring- a period of awakening and rapid growth;
• summer- the time when most species of flora and fauna enter the breeding phase;

• autumn- gradual fading, slowing down of natural mechanisms.

Why do seasons change?

To understand the principle changing times, we need to imagine our planet, and let your imagination complete the picture Earth's trajectory in the open space. Earth makes two movements: during the day around its axis, and around our star - Sun. The revolution around the star is equal to 1 year, A the trajectory has the shape of an ellipse.

You can often hear the misconception that change times occurs due to such a peculiar orbit, but this is not true. Main role plays an axis tilt angle of 23.5 degrees. The hemisphere closest to to the sun, South or Northern, will receive almost 3 times more thermal energy, and, therefore, it will be green there summer. On the opposite will reign winter, in all its snow-white splendor. Thus, if we imagine the absence of an axis tilt angle, then seasons would not exist in principle, and warming up air masses would happen equally.

What would be...

Interest Ask: what would happen if our planet had different axis tilt angle, or don’t have it at all? Using your imagination, you can consider three cases:

• the angle of inclination is 0 degrees;
• the angle is 45 degrees;
• the angle is 90 degrees, The earth is on its side.

The tilt angle is 0 degrees. If it were this way, we would live in conditions of eternal spring or autumn, the days would be equal to the night, and similar to each other like twins. At the poles there would be eternal morning, and the climate would be much milder.

The angle is 45 degrees. In this case, temperate zone would not exist, but cold belt would be adjacent to the roast. IN Moscow There would be continuous daylight throughout June, and continuous night during the winter months. At the poles, relatively warm summer, would give way to a harsh winter, and the Arctic ice masses would noticeably decrease in volume.

The earth is on its side. At the poles, day would reign for six months, and if it changed to night, twilight would last for several days. In mid-latitudes, the days would increase with the onset of spring, and then there would be a day that lasted several days. For latitude St. Petersburg, for example, like this day could be equal to 130 days. In winter, on the contrary - multi-day dark night. At the equator, day would be equal to night.

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As a resident of the middle zone, I am not at all surprised by such changes as Cold winter and warm summer. Every time I look forward to the arrival of a new season. I like to watch how nature changes, each time acquiring a familiar, but still unique appearance.

Why do the seasons change

Everyone knows that due to the rotation of the Earth around its axis, there is a change of day and night. But the fact that due to its rotation around the Sun the seasons change is more difficult to imagine.

Here you need to know one subtlety. The earth's axis is tilted relative to the orbital plane. It is 66.5 degrees. The equator divides the planet into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Being at the aphelion point (the greatest distance of the orbit from the Sun), the Earth turns towards the Sun with the southern hemisphere. During this period, it is better illuminated, and polar day begins beyond the southern polar circle. At this time, summer arrives throughout the Southern Hemisphere.

The northern hemisphere is turned away from the Sun to a greater extent, so polar night occurs in the polar region, and winter occurs throughout the hemisphere.

Six months later, when the planet approaches the perihelion point (the shortest distance to the Sun), everything changes exactly the opposite. Therefore, the seasons in the Southern and Northern Hemispheres do not coincide.

Thus, the reason for the change of seasons is the tilt of the earth's axis and the rotation of the earth around the sun.

What are the seasons like?

Summer is not always hot and winter is cold.

In every climatic zone seasons of the year have their own characteristics and depend on the movement of air masses. This is clearly expressed in transitional belts.

1. In summer, equatorial air brings moisture to the subequatorial zone, and winter here is dry due to tropical air masses.
2. In summer, tropical air rushes into the subtropics, where the heat sets in. Winter here is humid due to the arrival of temperate air.
3. Cold polar air makes winter in subpolar latitudes harsh. With the advent of moderate air mass A short, cool summer begins.

If the earth's axis did not have a tilt, then our winter and summer would not change, but eternal spring would reign.

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Winter is coming, as they wisely say in Winterfell. All of us, unlike George R.R. Martin's characters, are lucky. Winter, and other seasons, last only three months. And even in the winter cold we are not in danger of meeting the living dead. And that's a plus!

In winter, other troubles await us: cold, drifts and ice.

But what’s easier to find: a dragon or winter shoes that don’t slip?

This question is too difficult to answer, and the answer will most likely be disappointing, so I will move on to a simpler question (and closer to the topic). Why seasons change each other and last exactly three months each?

The endless waltz of the Earth and the Sun

Well, to tell the truth, it is our planet that is “waltzing”, because it is the one that is spinning around the sun.

And at each new period of time (here’s the season for you), the angle at which you and I are to the Sun changes. So every part of the globe gets different quantities"sun" depending on this angle. When the rays of a star fall directly, there is more heat and light; when at an angle - less. This is where they come from seasonal temperature fluctuations And length of daylight hours.

"Other" seasons

Sometimes it seems that it is difficult to find anything unusual in such a familiar annual cycle.

• December January February: New Year, snowmen, Epiphany frosts.
• March, April, May: slush, buds, flowers and butterflies.
• June, July, August: hot, hot, slightly less hot.
• September October November: academic year, maple leaves, first frosts.

And how could it be any other way?

It very well may!

Everything happens completely differently:

• near Northern And South Pole ;
• V equatorial And subequatorial belts;
• V temperate latitudes(where it is located middle lane Russia with its pronounced winter and summer).

IN Arctic And Antarctica It’s always cold, although there are real winter and summer (but you won’t be able to sunbathe and swim there even in summer), but they play a big role night And day who are here last for six months.

On equator, which lies exactly in the middle of the globe (the angle of its relation to the Sun practically does not change), the weather is boringly constant - it is always warm there. But there is a division into two seasons: wet and dry.

By the way, it turns out that there are not only those familiar to us calendar Seasons.

A little different from them astronomical, the boundaries of which are not dates on the calendar, but winter and summer solstice, as well as autumn and spring equinox.

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Which one is yours? favorite time of the year? Maybe you, like me, love spring most of all? The time when nature awakens and renews itself. Trees change their appearance, birds return, breathing becomes easier. The air smells of flowers. What I like most is that people start to smile, as if they are blooming along with the buds on the trees. The rush gives way to walks in the parks. Clothes become lighter and brighter... Perhaps you prefer a different period, and you will probably have your own reasons for this. Have you ever wondered why do the seasons change each other?y?

Spring, summer, autumn, winter and spring again

It's no secret that nature has 4 seasons. We have known them since school days. In the mid-latitudes of northern and southern hemisphere at different seasons there are especially pronounced ones characteristics with changes in nature :

• Winter: the period when the air temperature reaches its lowest point. Snow falls. The earth does not bear fruit, and the trees shed their leaves. Nature falls asleep.
• Spring: period of awakening. The thaw begins, the temperature gradually rises. The trees put out their leaves and begin to bloom. Appears green grass and the sun begins to warm with its rays.
• Summer: warm time. The temperature on the thermometer is highest during this period. The variety of fruits and vegetables is pleasing. Time for rest and vacations.
• Autumn: the foliage changes colors and begins to fall. The amount of rain increases and the winds become colder. Nature is gradually preparing for bed.

The earth does not stand still

Why seasons change? The whole point is that The earth does not stand still. In addition to the fact that it rotates around its axis, it also moves around the Sun. The trajectory of movement has the shape of an ellipse - a circle slightly flattened on the sides. Thus, at different time intervals our planet is at at different distances relativelySun. When the Earth approaches it closest, it is summer, and when it moves away, it is winter.

Seasons in different countries

The seasons do not appear the same across the entire surface of the Earth. . For example, Vequatorial zone almost always like summer warm. The only difference between the seasons is the amount of precipitation. Onpoles– the situation is the opposite. There always winter, cold and lots of snow. This also occurs due to the rotation of the Earth. Some countries are always located far from the Sun, and its heat does not reach the surface.

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I live in the suburbs, the road to the office for me starts at seven in the morning and ends at nine. You understand, the capital. Public transport is simply crowded in the morning. But this happened in winter The worst thing is: the boss yelled at me and seriously promised to draw up the relevant documents that would confirm the fact of my dismissal. It was a shame to the point of tears, because I was late for work not of my own free will!

The elements got in the way. Snowfall and hail "caught" minibus halfway. After a busy day, I seriously thought about the question: why are we forced tolerate changes temperatures four times a year. I hasten to tell you my conclusions.

Why do seasons change?

Residents who endure the four seasons are very unlucky. Change your wardrobe, change your look, stock up on preserves for the winter. Whatever it may be, after a hot summer comes sedate autumn, and like this in circles because:

• The sun moves from the south hemisphere to northern.

• The sun moves from the north hemisphere to the southern.

• Earth rotates in relation to the sun constantly.

• Happening processes in space. The position of the earth towards the sun changes throughout the year.

There are a lot misconceptions, which are instilled in us from childhood. For example, that the weather depends on the distance of the Earth to the Sun. In fact, the Earth is closest to the sun (reached perihelion) in February. Remember if you had very hot when did the third month of winter come?

How the change of seasons affects a person

“The weather gives me a headache” - you’ve heard a similar expression at least once. Especially from older people. This is not fiction, every person weather dependent. Everyone feels a change in weather or upcoming climate changes. Poor health appears because it changes geomagnetic background of the Earth. And the sun shows its activity. The state of health changes and the following appear: symptoms:

• increased arterial pressure;

• head pain;

• change mood;

• irritability;

• drowsiness or vice versa - insomnia;

• observed changes in a hormonal background.

The body is especially vulnerable in autumn and spring. But you shouldn’t blame everything on the vagaries of the weather. It's worth visiting the doctor's office.

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Studying the nature that surrounds us is, of course, very, very interesting. Change of seasons observed throughout the entire history of existence humanity, from my point of view, go deeper into this question it will be very exciting. Let me first tell you about the aspect that is far away not in all points of the Earth autumn, spring, winter and summer are leaking synchronously, for example, in the countries of the Southern Hemisphere, the warm season begins at the end of December, which is surprising, isn’t it? We are accustomed to the fact that this month prepares us for a cold, snowy, but highly anticipated holiday - the New Year. Besides, in some regions are completely absent seasons familiar to us, there they are divided into rainy and dry This situation mainly occurs in tropical habitats.

Why do seasons change?

To clearly outline the picture of the changing seasons, I will first tell you what exactly influences this process:

1. Ecliptic.
2. Rotation axis tilt.
3. Ellipticity of the orbit.

Generally, the weather on our planet is associated with a cycle its revolution around the central object of the system - the Sun. Thus, at the moment of onset spring equinox, people of the Northern Hemisphere welcome spring, and residents of the Southern Hemisphere rejoice at the beginning of autumn.

Causes of climate change

Climate change directly related to how at a particular moment Earth positions itself in outer space. If its northern part is closer to the Sun due to the inclination of the axis, more light and heat gets there, respectively, the southern part freezes, after half a year the situation changes to the opposite(see image).

In this regard, it is also interesting to mention equator. Along this conventional section line always hot and there is a wonderful climate, but why is this so? In principle, there is nothing complicated here, I will try to explain it as clearly as possible. The equator runs straight through the middle between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, which means, regardless of the location of the Earth, its rotation around its axis and orbit, it is always heated by the Sun evenly

My favourite season is winter. This has nothing to do with warm clothes, under which you can hide figure flaws.

It just so happened that before the New Year I met my husband. Started winter's tale: gift and candy period. After which came cruel reality, I plunged into everyday life. Now I’m raising a daughter who never tires of asking me questions. Again when I took my jacket to go for a walk, she asked me: “why is it cold outside, but when we go to grandma’s it’s hot there?” I had to brush up on my knowledge of geography, and open the dusty encyclopedia.

Why the seasons change: versions

In the Middle Ages, people began to pay attention to this issue. We found an explanation why, after cold and snow, nature gradually wakes up and the sun shines brightly. They were interpreting natural phenomena very simple: higher powers are angry and then treat people condescendingly.

good weather accepted as grace. Because it brought a rich harvest. Scientific explanation the change of seasons does not confirm the ridiculous version of our ancestors, who were far from astronomy and geography. The seasons are changing in strict order because:

• our planet is constantly is in motion, over the course of a year it circles the Sun.

• The sun reaches lowest point Winter begins on the ecliptic.

• The sun moves from the southern hemisphere to the northern - the day of the spring equinox arrives(real spring is coming).

• The sun reaches its highest northern point - astronomical summer.

• The sun crosses the celestial equator top down and autumn begins.

The above statements are substantiated by research, and therefore by science itself. But in space there are processes that cannot be traced, much less stop. That's why, winter will disappear(in 150 years), it will be replaced by another spring..

Who invented the seasons: the mystery is revealed

The names of the seasons began to be invented ancient Romans.

They were guided by their observations. A calendar year began in the spring. Because it was the time of awakening from sleep. The months did not have names, but were numbered. Later the Julian calendar appeared. Then, the Roman abbot Dionysius the Small invented the modern chronology system.

For people, the change of seasons is a reason to update their wardrobe. And for me, the change of season is a reason to go on sick leave.

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