Genrikh Samoilovich Lyushkov (1900, Odessa - August 19, 1945, Dairen, Empire of Japan) - a prominent figure in the Cheka-OGPU-NKVD. Commissioner of State Security 3rd rank (corresponding to the rank of lieutenant general). In 1938, he fled to Manchuria and actively collaborated with Japanese intelligence. Abroad, he covered in detail his participation in the NKVD and prepared an assassination attempt on Stalin.
Born in Odessa in the family of a Jewish tailor. He studied at a state-owned primary school (1908-1915), taking evening general education courses. He worked as an assistant in an automobile accessories office.
On June 9, Lyushkov informed Deputy G.M. Osinin-Vinnitsky about his departure to the border Posyet to meet with a particularly important agent. On the night of June 13, he arrived at the location of the 59th border detachment, ostensibly to inspect posts and the border strip. Lyushkov was dressed in field uniform when receiving awards. Having ordered the head of the outpost to accompany him, he moved on foot to one of the sections of the border. Upon arrival, Lyushkov announced to the escort that he had a meeting on the “other side” with a particularly important Manchurian illegal agent, and since no one should know him by sight, he would go on alone, and the head of the outpost should go half a kilometer towards Soviet territory and wait for the conditional signal. Lyushkov left, and the head of the outpost did as ordered, but after waiting for him for more than two hours, he raised the alarm. The outpost was raised in arms, and more than 100 border guards combed the area until the morning. For more than a week, before news came from Japan, Lyushkov was considered missing, namely that he was kidnapped (killed) by the Japanese. Lyushkov had by that time crossed the border and on June 14 at approximately 5:30 near the city of Hunchun he surrendered to the Manchu border guards and asked for political asylum. Afterwards he was transported to Japan and collaborated with the Japanese military department[
Here is what Koizumi Koichiro writes about the information that Lyushkov conveyed to Japanese intelligence:

The information that Lyushkov provided was extremely valuable to us. Information about the Armed Forces has fallen into our hands Soviet Union in the Far East, their deployment, construction defensive structures, about the most important fortresses and fortifications.
In July 1945, on the eve of the USSR's entry into the war with Japan, he was transferred from Tokyo to the location of the Japanese military mission in Dairen (China) to work in the interests of the Kwantung Army. On August 16, the command of the Kwantung Army announced surrender. On August 19, 1945, Lyushkov was invited to the head of the Dairen military mission, Yutaka Takeoka, who suggested that he commit suicide (apparently to hide the Japanese intelligence data known to Lyushkov from the Soviet Union). Lyushkov refused and was shot by Takeoka
Judas the Jew's death from a dog from his own masters

CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS OF THE HASSAN ARMED CONFLICT

• • June 13. Genrikh Lyushkov, 3rd rank state security commissioner, head of the Far Eastern Regional NKVD, fled to Manchukuo, fearing arrest.
  • 3 July. The Japanese company launched a demonstration attack on the village. Zaozernaya.
  • July 8. By order of the head of the border detachment V. Zaozernaya is occupied by a permanent detachment of 10 people and a reserve outpost of 30 people. Digging of trenches and installation of barriers has begun.
  • July 11. VC. Blucher ordered a company of the 119th infantry regiment to be moved to the area of ​​Khasan Island to support the border guards.
  • July 15 (according to other sources, July 17). Sergeant Major Vinevitin shot and killed the Japanese Matsushima Sakuni, who, together with a group of Japanese, had penetrated into Soviet territory. A camera with photographs of the area was found on him. Zaozernaya. To help Lieutenant P. Tereshkin, a reserve outpost was allocated under the command of Lieutenant Khristolubov.
  • July 15. The Japanese side lodged a protest against the presence of forty Soviet military personnel on Japanese territory in the Zhang-Chu-Fung area (the Chinese name for the Zaozernaya hill).
  • July 17th. The Japanese begin transferring the 19th Division to the conflict zone.
  • July 18 at 7 p.m. At the Quarantine outpost site, in groups of two or three, twenty-three people violated our line with a package from the Japanese border command demanding to leave Japanese territory.
  • July 20. Up to 50 Japanese were swimming in the lake, two were conducting surveillance. Up to 70 people arrived at Homuyton station on a freight train. The Japanese ambassador Shigemitsu presented territorial claims in the form of an ultimatum and demanded the withdrawal of Soviet troops from the heights of Zaozernaya. Minister of War Itagaki and Chief of the General Staff Prince Kan'in presented to the Emperor an operational plan for ousting Soviet troops from the top of the Zaozernaya hill with the forces of two infantry regiments of the 19th division Korean Army Japan without the use of aviation.
  • July 22. The Soviet government sent a note to the Japanese government in which it decisively rejected all Japanese claims.
  • July 23. The transfer of the violators to the Japanese side took place. Japanese in Once again protested the border violation.
  • July 24. The KDF Military Council issued a directive on the concentration of reinforced battalions of the 119th and 118th infantry regiments and the 121st cavalry squadron. regiment in the Zarechye area and bringing the front troops to increased combat readiness. Marshal Blucher sent to V. The Trans-Lake Commission, which discovered a violation of the border line by 3 meters by the border guards' trench.
  • July 27. Ten Japanese officers went to the border line in the area of ​​Bezymyannaya Height, apparently for the purpose of reconnaissance.
  • July 28th. Units of the 75th Regiment of the 19th Infantry Division of the Japanese took positions in the area of ​​Khasan Island.
  • July 29, 3 p.m. Before the company of the Japanese attacked the outpost of Lieutenant Makhalin at the height of Bezymyannaya, with the help of the squads of Chernopyatko and Batarshin who arrived in time and the cavalrymen of Bykhovets, the enemy was repulsed. The 2nd company of the 119th joint venture of Lieutenant Levchenko, two platoons of T-26 tanks (4 vehicles), a platoon of small-caliber guns and 20 border guards under the command of Lieutenant Ratnikov come to the rescue.
  • July 29. The third reinforced battalion of the 118th rifle regiment was given the order to move to the Pakshekori-Novoselki area.
  • July 29 24 hours. The 40th Infantry Division receives an order to move to the area of ​​Khasan Island from Slavyanka.
  • July 30. 32nd Infantry Division advances to Khasan from the Razdolnoye area.
  • July 30, 11 p.m. The Japanese are transporting reinforcements across the Tumangan River.
  • July 31, 3-20. With up to two regiments, the Japanese begin attacks on all heights. With artillery support, the Japanese launch four attacks. Under pressure from a superior enemy on orders Soviet troops leave the border line and move beyond the island. Khasan at 7-00 from the village of Zaozernaya, at 19-25 from the village of Bezymyannaya, the Japanese pursue them, but then return behind the island of Khasan and consolidate on the western coast of the lake and on the lines conditionally connecting the peaks of the lake and the existing border line.
  • July 31 (day). 3rd SB 118th Regiment, with the support of border guards, ousted the enemy from the eastern and southern coasts of the lake.
  • August 1. The Japanese are hastily strengthening the captured territory, setting up artillery positions and firing points. There is a concentration of 40 sd. Due to muddy roads, units are late.
  • 1 August 13-35. Stalin, via direct wire, ordered Blucher to immediately drive the Japanese out of our territory. The first air raid on Japanese positions. At the beginning of 36 I-15s and 8 R-Zets attacked Zaozernaya with fragmentation bombs (AO-8 and AO-10) and machine-gun fire. At 15-10 24 SB bombed the area of ​​Zaozernaya and the road to Digasheli with high-explosive bombs of 50 and 100 kg. (FAB-100 and FAB-50). At 16:40 fighters and attack aircraft bombed and shelled height 68.8. At the end of the day, SB bombers dropped on Zaozernaya a large number of small fragmentation bombs.
  • August 2. Unsuccessful attempt to knock out the enemy with 40 rifle divisions. Troops are prohibited from crossing the state border line. Heavy offensive battles. The 118th rifle battalion and the tank battalion stopped in the south at the height of Machine Gun Hill. 119 and 120 joint ventures stopped on the approaches to V. Bezymyannaya. Soviet units suffered heavy losses. The first air raid at 7:00 had to be postponed due to fog. At 8-00 24 SB attacked the western slopes of Zaozernaya. Then six R-Zet worked on the Japanese positions on the Bogomolnaya hill.
  • August 3rd. Under heavy enemy fire, the 40th Infantry Division retreats to its original positions. People's Commissar Voroshilov decides to entrust the leadership of the military operations near Khasan Island to the chief of staff of the KDF G.M. Stern, appointing him commander of the 39th Rifle Corps, effectively removing Blucher from command.
  • August 4th. The Japanese ambassador declared his readiness to begin negotiations to resolve the border conflict. The Soviet side presented a condition for restoring the position of the parties on July 29, the Japanese rejected this demand.
  • 5th of August. Approach 32nd. The order for a general offensive was given on August 6 at 16-00. The Soviet command is making a final reconnaissance of the area.
  • 6 August 15-15. In groups of several dozen aircraft, 89 SB bombers began bombing the Bezymyannaya, Zaozernaya and Bogomolnaya hills, as well as Japanese artillery positions on the adjacent side. An hour later, 41 TB-3RNs continued the bombing. Finally, FAB-1000 bombs were used, which had a strong psychological effect on the enemy. Throughout the entire operation of the bombers, the fighters effectively suppressed anti-aircraft batteries enemy. After the bombing and artillery barrage, the assault on Japanese positions began. The 40th Infantry Division and the 2nd Motorized Rifle Brigade advanced from the south, the 32nd Infantry Division and the tank battalion of the 2nd Motorized Rifle Brigade from the north. The offensive was carried out under continuous enemy artillery fire. The marshy terrain did not allow the tanks to deploy into a battle line. The tanks moved in a column at a speed of no more than 3 km/hour. By 21-00 units of the 95th joint venture reached the wire fences in. They were repulsed by black but strong fire. The Zaozernaya height was partially liberated.
  • August 7. Numerous Japanese counterattacks, attempts to regain lost positions. The Japanese are bringing new units to Khasan. The Soviet command is strengthening the grouping of the 78 Kazan Red Banner and 176 joint ventures of the 26 Zlatoust Red Banner Rifle Division. After reconnaissance of the Japanese positions, in the morning fighters worked as attack aircraft on the border strip; in the afternoon, 115 SB bombed artillery positions and infantry concentrations in the near rear of the Japanese.
  • 8 August. 96 joint venture reached the northern slopes of the. Zaozernaya. Aviation continuously storms enemy positions. The hunt is on even for individual soldiers; the Japanese do not risk showing up open area. Fighters are also used to reconnoiter Japanese positions. By the end of the day, Voroshilov’s telegram prohibited the massive use of aviation.
  • August 9. The Soviet troops were ordered to go on the defensive at the achieved lines.
  • 10th of August. Fighters were used to suppress Japanese artillery. Effective interaction between aviation and heavy artillery. The Japanese artillery practically stopped firing.
  • 11 August 12 noon. Ceasefire. Aviation is prohibited from crossing the border line.
  • Invasion of Japanese troops into Mongolia. Khalkin-Gol

Crossing of Soviet troops through flooded areas to the bridgehead at Lake Khasan.

Cavalrymen on patrol.

View of camouflaged Soviet tanks.

The Red Army soldiers go on the attack.

Red Army soldiers at rest.

Artillerymen during a break between battles.

Soldiers plant a victory banner on the Zaozernaya hill.

A Soviet tank crosses the Khalkhin Gol River.

Japanese military operations in the area of ​​Lake Khasan and the Khalkhin Gol River in 1938-39.

In the summer of 1938, Japan invaded Soviet territory in the area of ​​Lake Khasan at the junction of the borders of the USSR, China (Manchukuo) and Korea with the aim of capturing a strategically important area (a ridge of hills west of the lake, including the Bezymyannaya and Zaozernaya hills) and creating an immediate threat Vladivostok and Primorye in general. This was preceded by a propaganda campaign launched by Japan on the issue of the so-called “disputed territories” on the Soviet-Manchurian border in Primorye (the line of which was clearly defined in the Hunchun Protocol of 1886 and was never questioned by the Chinese side - ed.), which ended with the presentation to the Soviet Union in July 1938 of a categorical demand for the withdrawal of Soviet troops and the transfer to Japan of all territories west of Khasan under the pretext of the need to fulfill “Japanese obligations” to Manchukuo.

The battles, in which the 19th and 20th divisions, an infantry brigade, three machine-gun battalions, a cavalry brigade, separate tank units and up to 70 aircraft were involved on the Japanese side, lasted from June 29 to August 11, 1938, and ended in defeat Japanese group.

In May 1939, also under the pretext of an “unresolved territorial dispute” between Mongolia and Manchuria, Japanese troops invaded Mongolian territory in the area of ​​the Khalkhin Gol (Nomongan) River. The purpose of the Japanese attack this time was an attempt to establish military control over the region bordering Transbaikalia, which would pose a direct threat to the Trans-Siberian Railway - the main transport artery connecting the European and Far Eastern parts of the country, which in this area runs almost parallel to the northern border of Mongolia and in immediate proximity to it. In accordance with the Mutual Assistance Agreement concluded in 1936 between the USSR and the Mongolian People's Republic, Soviet troops took part in repelling Japanese aggression together with Mongolian troops.

Military operations in the Khalkhin Gol region lasted from May to September 1939 and were significantly larger in scale than the events near Hassan. They also ended in the defeat of Japan, whose losses amounted to: about 61 thousand. people killed, wounded and captured, 660 destroyed aircraft, 200 captured guns, about 400 machine guns and more than 100 vehicles (the losses of the Soviet-Mongolian side amounted to more than 9 thousand people).

In the Judgment of the Tokyo International Military Tribunal for Far East from November 4-12, 1948, Japanese actions in 1938-39. at Khasan and Khalkhin Gol were qualified as “an aggressive war carried out by the Japanese.”

Marian Vasilievich Novikov

Victory at Khalkhin Gol

Novikov M.V., Politizdat, 1971.

The brochure of military historian M. Novikov introduces the reader to the military operations of the Soviet-Mongolian troops on the Khalkhin Gol River against the Japanese aggressors, who violated the borders of the Mongolian People's Republic in the spring of 1939.

The courage and combat skill of the Red Army soldiers and Mongolian cyrics, the superiority of Soviet military equipment led to victory. The Battle of Khalkhin Gol will forever remain an example of the fraternal community of two socialist countries, a stern warning to aggressors.

Having occupied Northern Manchuria, Japan considered (under favorable conditions) the possibility of transferring military operations to the border areas of the USSR. To check the combat status of OKDVA units, Japanese troops periodically organized provocations on the Soviet-Chinese border. Japanese aviation demonstratively invaded the airspace of the USSR, mainly for reconnaissance purposes. From June 11 to June 29, 1937, its planes violated air borders in Primorye 7 times, staying over Soviet territory for 2 to 12 minutes.

On April 11, 1938, the airspace of the Soviet Union was violated by a large group of Japanese aircraft, one of which was shot down by anti-aircraft fire from border troops. Pilot Maeda was captured. During his interrogation, it became clear that the Japanese side was carefully studying air routes in the border zone in the Soviet Far East in case of hostilities.

Providing effective assistance to the Republic of China during, the armed forces of the USSR had been fighting for almost a year (with the help of military advisers and volunteers, up to 4 thousand people) with Japanese troops on Chinese territory. A full-scale war between the Soviet Union and Japan was only a matter of time. In the second half of the 1930s. The general staff of the Japanese ground forces had already prepared a plan for a military invasion of the USSR in three directions - eastern (coastal), northern (Amur) and western (Khingan). Particular emphasis was placed on the use of air forces. At the rate General Staff The Red Army, in the event of the outbreak of hostilities, Japan could quickly concentrate up to 1000 ground aircraft near our borders.

Anticipating the possibility of such a scenario developing, the Soviet military leadership took appropriate measures. On July 1, 1938, OKDVA, further reinforced by personnel and military equipment, was transformed into the Red Banner Far Eastern Front (KDF, 2 armies) and the Northern Group of Forces of central subordination. Marshal of the Soviet Union V.K. Blucher became the commander of the Far Eastern Fleet, and his deputy for aviation was. The 2nd Air Army was created from the Far Eastern aviation.

On the 20th of July 1938, increased activity of Japanese troops was noticed in the coastal area, accompanied by rifle and machine-gun shelling of the Soviet border territory. Our border guards have received instructions to use weapons in the event of a direct violation of the border. Units of the 1st Primorsky Army of the Far Eastern Fleet were put on high alert.

Meanwhile, the Japanese side chose the Posyetsky district in the Primorsky Territory, at the junction of the borders of the USSR, the puppet state of Manchukuo and Korea, to attack the USSR, seeking to seize disputed territories (Zaozernaya and Bezymyannaya heights) in the area of ​​Lake Khasan.

On July 29, 1938, an armed conflict broke out. In the following days, regardless of losses, the enemy managed to capture the dominant heights, which he short term turned into a heavily fortified position.

The commander of the Far Eastern Fleet troops was given the task of defeating the enemy in a short time and liberating the border strip he had captured (without invading the adjacent territory of Manchukuo). To conduct combat operations in the air, an advanced aviation group was created: 21 R-5 SSS attack aircraft of the 2nd chapter (Shkotovo airfield or Shkotovskaya Valley), 15 I-15 fighters of the 40th IAP (Augustovka), 12 36th SBA (Knevichi ) and 41 I-15 (11 from and 30 from the 48th IAP, Zaimka Filippovsky airfield).

On August 1, our aviation with the forces of 4 squadrons (40 I-15, 8 R-Z) carried out a bombing attack on Japanese troops, causing them minor damage. This was followed by other raids by bomber, attack and fighter aircraft. To combat Soviet planes The Japanese side used only 2 anti-aircraft batteries (18-20 guns) located on the territory of Manchukuo, which damaged 3 Soviet vehicles (1 I-15, 2 SB) with their fire. The next day, our air raids continued.

Fearing retaliatory actions from the Japanese Air Force, in accordance with the order of the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and the Chief of the General Staff of the Red Army dated August 4, 1938 No. 0071 “On bringing the troops of the Far Eastern Front and the Trans-Baikal Military District to full combat readiness in connection with the provocation of the Japanese military Lake Khasan" in large air defense points of the Far East and Transbaikalia, it was prescribed: “install artillery and machine gun units in position, relocate fighter aircraft to operational airfields and raise the VNOS system, checking the connection of VNOS posts with command posts and airfields of the fighter unit."

On August 5, unverified information was received from one of the submarines of the Pacific Fleet that 98 Japanese bombers were approaching Vladivostok. The city's air defense was urgently put on full alert. Up to 50 fighters were taken into the air. Fortunately, the information turned out to be false.

The task was also to provide air defense facilities to field airfields, rifle, cavalry and tank units located in camps or bivouacs. For this purpose, 5 anti-aircraft divisions were involved (32nd, 39th, 40th rifle divisions; 39th and 43rd rifle corps).

The measures taken were based on the presence of an aviation group (up to 70 aircraft) on the Japanese side in the lake area. Hassan. However, she was almost never involved in battles. As a result, the 69th Fighter Aviation Brigade, armed with and, refocused on conducting aerial reconnaissance, protecting its aircraft and bombing enemy positions.

On August 4-9, Soviet troops, actively supported from the air by aviation, managed to defeat the Japanese-Manchurian group in the area of ​​Lake Khasan and push it out of the territory of the USSR. On August 11, the conflict was settled, which was officially recognized in Tokyo.

During the period of hostilities at Lake Khasan Soviet aviation carried out 1003 sorties, of which: - 41, SB - 346, I-15 -534, SSS - 53, R-Zet - 29, I-16 - 25. 4265 bombs of various calibers were dropped on the enemy (with a total weight of about 209 tons ), 303,250 rounds of ammunition were spent.

Japanese anti-aircraft artillery shot down 1 SB and 1 I-15 (Lieutenant Soloviev). From anti-aircraft gun and machine gun fire, 29 aircraft had minor holes and damage, of which: 18 - I-15, 7 - SB and 4 - TB-3RN. Two more I-15 fighters were considered lost for non-combat reasons. Pilot Koreshev crashed a fighter while landing at an unfamiliar airfield - the plane fell into a ditch and crashed. Another car was crushed when it landed unsuccessfully on the airfield.

The reluctance of the Japanese side to use its air force in an armed conflict was probably caused by the danger of air strikes from Soviet bomber aircraft not only in the area of ​​Lake Khasan, but also on Japanese territory.

According to the publication: 100 years of the Russian Air Force (1912 - 2012)/ [Dashkov A. Yu., Golotyuk V. D.] ; under general ed. V. N. Bondareva. - M.: Russian Knights Foundation, 2012. - 792 p. : ill.

Battles near Lake Khasan or Khasan battles- this is the name given to a series of clashes between Japan and the USSR that occurred in the summer of 1938 (from July 29 to August 11). The battles took place over a disputed territory near Lake Khasan, which is why this name of the conflict stuck.

Reason for conflict

Japan has put forward a territorial claim to the government of the USSR - this is official. However, in fact, this was a response to the USSR’s assistance to China, which was hostile to Japan. The USSR feared China's capitulation and therefore provided it with support.
In July, the Soviet army began to concentrate on the border. Japan demanded that the USSR withdraw its troops. However, on July 22, Japan received a decisive refusal. It was on this day that the Japanese leadership approved the plan to attack the Red Army forces.

Strengths of the parties
USSR

At the time of the outbreak of hostilities, the USSR had 15 thousand soldiers, about 240 guns, three hundred tanks, 250 aircraft, and more than 1 thousand machine guns.

Japan

Japan had at its disposal about 20 thousand soldiers, 200 guns, about 70 aircraft and three more armored trains, and naval forces also participated - 15 warships and 15 boats. Japanese snipers were also spotted in the battle.

Conflict

On July 29, 150 Japanese soldiers attacked the Bezymyannaya hill and took it in battle, losing 40 people, but they were forced to retreat before a counterattack by the USSR.
On July 30, Japanese artillery fired at Soviet positions on the Bezymyannaya and Zaozernaya hills, then an attack followed, but the Soviet army successfully repelled the attack.
The Japanese established a serious defense on the Machine Gun hill, and the Soviet army carried out two attacks on this position, but this did not bring success.

On August 2, the Soviet army went on the offensive, which was successful, but it was not possible to occupy the hills; it was decided to retreat and prepare for defense.

On August 4, all the forces of the Red Army on this section of the front were gathered into a fist, and a decisive attack was launched in order to restore state borders from Japanese soldiers. On August 6, a massive bombardment of Japanese positions was carried out.

All day on August 7, the Soviet army waged an active attack, but the Japanese carried out 12 counterattacks that day, which were unsuccessful. On August 9, the USSR occupied the Bezymyannaya hill. Thus, the Japanese army was driven abroad.

On August 10, peace negotiations began, the USSR agreed on the condition that the Union retain those territories where Red Army soldiers are now located. On this day Japan was still bombing Soviet positions. However, by the end of the day it was suppressed by a retaliatory strike by Soviet artillery.

Soviet aviation was active in this conflict, using chemical bombs. Japanese aircraft were not used.

Result

The USSR Army achieved its main task, the essence of which was to renew state borders, by defeating parts of the Japanese army.

Losses
USSR

960 people were killed or missing, and about 2,800 were wounded. 4 aircraft were destroyed and beyond repair.

Japan

They counted 650 people killed and 2,500 wounded. The equipment's weapons were significantly damaged. Japanese estimates were somewhat different, they spoke of less than a thousand wounded soldiers.

Soviet army managed to capture a lot of captured weapons, which were put on display in the Vladivostok museum. 26 Red Army soldiers received the title “Hero of the Soviet Union.”

This conflict also provoked the development of transport communications in this area.