Vasil Oleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky Portrait of V. A. Sukhomlinsky at the Pavlysh school Birth name:

Vasily Alexandrovich Sukhomlinsky

Occupation: Date of Birth: Date of death: Awards and prizes:

Memorial to Sukhomlinsky at Pavlysh school

Entrance to the museum at the Pavlysh school

Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky(September 28, the village of Vasilievka, Alexandria district, Kherson province - September 2, the village of Pavlysh, Onufrievsky district, Kirovograd region, Ukrainian SSR) - Soviet teacher of Ukrainian origin.

Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Pedagogical Sciences (), Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (), Honored School Teacher of the Ukrainian SSR (), ().

Biography

V.A. Sukhomlinsky was born into a poor family.

Before October revolution Vasily Alexandrovich's father, Alexander Emelyanovich Sukhomlinsky, worked for hire as a carpenter and joiner in the landlord economy and as a piecework worker in peasant farms. IN Soviet time Alexander Emelyanovich became one of the leading people in the village - he was a social activist, took part in the leadership of consumer cooperation and the collective farm, appeared in newspapers as a village correspondent, managed the collective farm hut-laboratory, and supervised labor training (in woodworking) at a seven-year school. V.A. Sukhomlinsky’s mother, Oksana Iudovna, was a housewife, did minor tailoring work, and worked on a collective farm. Together with Alexander Emelyanovich, she raised, in addition to Vasily, three more children - Ivan, Sergei and Melania. All of them became rural teachers.

Vasily Sukhomlinsky first studied at the Vasilyevskaya seven-year school (1926-1933), where he proved himself to be one of the most capable students. Summer of 1934. he entered preparatory courses at the Kremenchug Pedagogical Institute and in the same year became a student at the Faculty of Language and Literature. But due to illness he was forced to leave in 1935. interrupt your studies at the university.

As a 17-year-old boy, Vasily Aleksandrovich began practical pedagogical work. During 1935-1938. he teaches Ukrainian language and literature in the Vasilievskaya and Zybkovskaya seven-year schools in the Onufrievsky district. In 1935 he joined the Komsomol.

V.A. Sukhomlinsky continued his studies from 1936 at the Poltava Pedagogical Institute ( extramural), where he first received the qualification of a teacher of the Ukrainian language and incomplete literature high school, and then - a teacher of the same subjects in high school in 1938. He recalled with warm feeling the two-year period of study in Poltava. “I,” wrote Vasily Aleksandrovich, “had the good fortune to study at the Poltava Pedagogical Institute for two years... I say, I was lucky, because we, twenty-year-old boys and girls, were surrounded at the institute by an atmosphere of creative thought, curiosity, and thirst for knowledge. I am proud to call the Poltava Pedagogical Institute my alma mater...”

Sukhomlinsky is the author of about 30 books and over 500 articles devoted to the education and training of youth. The book of his life is “I Give My Heart to Children” (State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR - posthumously). His life is raising children, personality. He instilled in children a personal attitude to the surrounding reality, an understanding of their work and responsibility to family, comrades and society and, most importantly, to their own conscience.

Memory

  • On building No. 1 of the Poltava Pedagogical Institute (now a university) on the street. Ostrogradsky, 2 - Sukhomlinsky installed Memorial plaque.
  • At the university itself there is a museum of V. A. Sukhomlinsky.
  • Nikolaev National University is named in honor of V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

Awards

Significant works

  • Team education methodology

The complete collection of works and methodological heritage is given in the book:

  • V. A. SUKHOMLINSKY: Biobibliography / Comp. A. I. Sukhomlinskaya, O. V. Sukhomlinskaya. - K.: Glad. school, 1987.- 255 p.

see also

Notes

Links

Sukhomlinsky, Vasily Alexandrovich on the website “Heroes of the Country”

  • (Ukrainian)
  • Vasil Oleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky (Ukrainian)
  • Simon Soloveitchik“An ever deeper understanding of a child is his upbringing.” newspaper “First of September” (No. 70/2000). Archived from the original on March 12, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2009.

Categories:

  • Personalities in alphabetical order
  • Born on September 28
  • Born in 1918
  • Born in Kherson province
  • Born in Onufrievsky district
  • Died on September 2
  • Died in 1970
  • Died in Onufrievsky district
  • Heroes of Socialist Labor
  • Knights of the Order of Lenin
  • Knights of the Order of the Red Star
  • Teachers of the USSR
  • Teachers of Ukraine
  • Participants of the Great Patriotic War
  • Buried in Onufrievsky district

Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Today, when the work of an outstanding teacher has acquired the features of a completed logical whole, the significance of his books “I Give My Heart to Children,” “The Birth of a Citizen,” and “Letters to My Son,” prepared for publication as a kind of trilogy, is especially clearly visible. Each of these works is a separate, independent and complete work. Presented as a trilogy, they reveal the whole complex of problems in raising the younger generation.

Written in the last period of Vasily Alexandrovich’s life, these books belong to his main, in many respects programmatic, works and together give an idea of pedagogical system Sukhomlinsky, and about his personality as a teacher - theorist and practitioner.

One of the outstanding works of V.A. Sukhomlinsky became the “Anthology on Ethics” - an amazing book by the great teacher of the 20th century. It is equally interesting and useful for parents, educators and teachers. The book is filled with small but meaningful works that carry a powerful tool mental development children and moral influence on them. This book is an excellent assistant for fathers and mothers, teachers and educators, all those who want to raise an intelligent, sensitive person. She will teach you to read truly, for the soul, enjoying the beauty of words, thoughts, feelings, she will ennoble the environment of the home and classroom, fill them beautiful images. Artistic miniatures are far from politics and the immediate, they are for all times. Reading them is interesting and accessible to preschool and younger children school age. And in our time this is especially necessary for many reasons.

The biggest deficit, which entails unpredictable consequences, is the deficit of Culture. Young people are captivated by action films, detective stories, and science fiction; for them, the main thing in reading is what, not how and why. Such reading, paradoxical as it may sound, often gives rise to aggressiveness, cruelty, and the cult of violence. The stories of V.A. Sukhomlinsky in the caring hands of educators will help make the child’s soul immune to various forms of ugliness and develop in him a persistent aversion to the ugly phenomena of life, which is the basis of his psychological health. There is a world where conscience rules. The hearts of great teachers and thinkers create this world. Through his works, Vasily Alexandrovich managed to fill children’s hearts with noble feelings and the world of childhood with examples of beauty and human dignity.

In this wonderful book, you will discover for yourself and your children, dear reader, the beauty of nature and human actions. You will learn about the heroism and feat of the Soviet people during the Great Patriotic War, she will tell you about duty to people, about attitude towards loved ones, reverence for elders, about the importance of a teacher and his responsibility to a child, about the meaning of life in struggle and in overcoming difficulties, about beauty labor and moral foundations of man.

More than forty years ago, V.A. Sukhomlinsky wrote: “More than ever before, we are now obliged to think about what we put into the human soul.” His thoughts are no less relevant in our time. The ecology of a child's soul is what attention should be paid to when working with pupils. How to give a child’s heart constant work, cultivate generosity, kindness, beautiful speech, how to help him gain healthy and calm self-confidence? We find the answer from V.A. Sukhomlinsky. He skillfully influences children with his artistic words, which directly appeal to the child’s feelings. His works encourage one to analyze the actions of literary heroes and draw responsible conclusions. In his fairy tales and parables one can feel the intense struggle for the human in man. With his creativity, he proclaims a humanistic orientation, declaring man the highest value on earth. Students together with heroes literary works they think about the meaning of life, about the beauty of work, about the moral foundations of man.

There is wisdom in the stories of V.A. Sukhomlinsky. From a humanist teacher we learn how to teach morality and creative development personality. His literary work helps us in this.

Many of his works are given in textbooks for in-depth study. It is important to introduce “matryoshka lessons” (a small part of the lesson) into subject lessons: Russian language, reading, natural history, labor, fine arts.

For example, in Russian language lessons we can take statements from works and carry out various forms of grammatical analysis, and also, based on the taken statement, perform the following tasks: conjecture our vision of the situation, foresee its outcome, express our attitude to the hero’s action, put ourselves in the hero’s place. You can offer children this type of work such as cognitive reading (assembling words into a sentence), quasi-reading, quasi-writing (thinking through missing letters in words or words in a sentence). You can play the “Snowball” game, in which you make a sentence using two words and then compare it with a literary example from the work. For example: “the musician was playing” (“Flute and Wind”), “the Oak is standing” (“Autumn Oak”).

When studying the topic “Plants”, “Animals” in natural history lessons, we suggest using the works: “Bird’s Pantry”, “Sun and Ladybug”, “Old Stump”, “How a Spikelet Grew from a Seed”, “Oak on the Road”, etc. They fill a lesson or meeting with the outside world with a moral principle. When studying the topic “The Water Cycle in Nature,” you can turn to the work “A Drop of Dew” for help and revive the journey of this droplet with object drawings on the board.

Reading works in nature (excursions in natural history). Sukhomlinsky attached particular importance to the influence of nature on the moral development of a child. He repeatedly noted that only active interaction with nature educates a child. Therefore, we encounter each season in nature, learn to understand it, feel its uniqueness and variability. It awakens thoughts and feelings. From an educational and moral point of view, we turn to stories and fairy tales: “Flower of the Sun”, “Spring Day in the Forest”, “Spring Rain”, “Autumn Maple”, “How Autumn Begins”, “Who Lit the Candles on the Chestnuts?”, “ Snowflake and Drop”, “Flower and Snow”, “Piece of Summer”, etc. These trips to nature teach children to notice the beauty of the world around them, to be surprised by its incomparable colors and shapes, and to appreciate and admire the beauty of nature.

Thus, collective letters of gratitude to the surrounding world with which the children came into contact are born: to the Life-giving Source that quenched their thirst; The spreading Maple, which gave shade to tired travelers; Mysterious Forest- keeper of the mysteries of Nature; Chalk Mountain, which surprised you with its antiquity.

Art lessons and visual arts take place with inspiration and creativity after close merging with nature and the influence of the living, imaginative literary word of the writer. We suggest using the following stories in these lessons: “Sergei and Matvey”, “How poor they are...”, “Snowflake and Droplet”, “Black Hands”, “Lilac Bush”, “Autumn Outfit”, etc.

The work of a literary living room involves designing a classroom corner in the form of a reading room with a library. The children, by their own choice, work with the works of Vasily Alexandrovich, and then in lessons extracurricular reading, “minutes” of extracurricular reading (10 minutes of reading lesson), holiday lessons, present their creativity to the students of the class, according to the works they have studied: songs, baby books, drawings, poems.

In the work of the living room we use the methods proposed by the academician Russian Academy education, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences V.G. Nioradze in his book “On the steps of the ROCK”: a teacher’s surprise, students’ surprises, a teacher’s gift. The work of the literary lounge helps organize the systematic study of the works of V.A. Sukhomlinsky and provides an opportunity to show children's creativity.

Lessons on the ecology of the soul, lessons on goodness, lessons on joy ( educational hours). Creating thematic events, based on the works of V.A. Sukhomlinsky, we select psycho-gymnastics, games that will help discuss with children various conflict and controversial situations. The game will take place if the adult actively participates in it. In this case, children feel equal to adults, their behavior becomes more serious and meaningful. It is important that the teacher himself demonstrates during the game the qualities that he wants to teach children.

Special selection of a work for the situation in the class (working on a certain quality). It is especially important to carefully select and prepare questions and assignments after reading the work. You can discuss with children problems that often interfere with the normal life of a child or children's team, but which are difficult, and sometimes impossible, to discuss with children directly. V.G. Nioradze says: “The child learns to compare his own actions with the actions of the heroes of stories, fairy tales, legends, parables; gets used to thinking about his behavior when comprehending those works that are specially selected and offered to him.”

With every contact with the works of V.A. Sukhomlinsky, the children grow up, gain life experience, and the thoughts they come to are recorded in the “Dictionary of Wisdom”. They look into this dictionary quite often; it helps them find the correct answer. At the end primary school The dictionary takes on a voluminous form, which allows it to be published as a small book - a parting word for a new life.

Memorial plaque in the village of Pavlysh
Memorial plaque in Poltava
University building in Nikolaev
Bust in Nikolaev
Monument in Alexandria
Tombstone


Sukhomlinsky Vasily Aleksandrovich - director of the Pavlysh rural secondary school of the Onufrievsky district of the Kirovograd region of the Ukrainian SSR, corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR.

Born on September 15 (28), 1918 in the village of Vasilyevka, Alexandria district, Kherson province, now Onufrievsky district, Kirovograd region of Ukraine, into a peasant family - a village carpenter. Ukrainian. After graduating from the school for peasant youth, he entered the Kremenchug Medical College. In 1939 he graduated with honors from the Poltava Pedagogical Institute. He worked as a teacher of Ukrainian language and literature in rural schools in the Onufrievsky district of the Kirovograd region.

Participant of the Great Patriotic War. In July 1941 he was drafted into the Red Army. With the rank of junior political instructor, he fought on the Western and Kalinin fronts, participated in the Battle of Smolensk and the Battle of Moscow. In January 1942, he was seriously wounded by a shell fragment to the very heart. Miraculously, he survived, and after being discharged from the Ural hospital, from 1942 to 1944 he worked as the director of a school in the village of Uva, Udmurt Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Returning to his homeland, Vasily Sukhomlinsky learned that his wife, who participated in the partisan underground, and her young son were tortured by the fascist occupiers.

Since 1944 V.A. Sukhomlinsky – head of the Onufrievsky district department public education. From 1948 to last day During his life, he worked as the director of a secondary school in the village of Pavlysh, Onufrievsky district, Kirovograd region of Ukraine.

While working as a director, Sukhomlinsky acted as a successor to the ideas of Anton Semyonovich Makarenko. He created a holistic pedagogical system based on a humanistic approach to education, recognition of the child’s personality as the highest value of the processes of upbringing and education. From the beginning of the 1950s, a “Parent University” operated at the school under the leadership of Sukhomlinsky, and a “Psychological Seminar” was conducted for teachers.

Vasily Sukhomlinsky was one of the first in the Soviet Union to begin working with six-year-old children, creating a “School of Joy” for them. He insisted on the need to introduce such a subject as “Humanology” at school, and he himself organized such a special course for high school students. Sukhomlinsky considered it especially important to instill a sense of patriotism, citizenship and collectivism, accustoming children to work, and communication with their native nature.

Sukhomlinsky revealed his pedagogical ideas in the books “I Give My Heart to Children,” “Etudes on Communist Education,” “Parental Pedagogy,” “The Birth of a Citizen” and others. His book “Pavlysh Secondary School” is dedicated to his native school, which also includes fairy tales for children he created. In total, he wrote more than thirty books and more than five hundred articles and scientific papers. In 1955 V.A. Sukhomlinsky defended his Ph.D. thesis on the topic: “The school director is the organizer of the educational process.”

By Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 1, 1968, for great merits in the education and communist education of students Sukhomlinsky Vasily Alexandrovich awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal.

Honored school teacher of the Ukrainian SSR (1969), corresponding member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (1968, Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the RSFSR since 1957).

Outstanding scientist-teacher, veteran of the Great Patriotic War, V.A. Sukhomlinsky died on September 2, 1970, the day after the start school year. A piece of metal stuck under his heart caused him sudden death... He was buried in the cemetery of the village of Pavlysh.

Awarded 2 Orders of Lenin (08/06/1960; 07/01/1968), the Order of the Red Star, medals, including “For Labor Valor” (12/12/1953), “For Labor Distinction” (02/07/1952). Laureate of the State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR (1974, posthumously, for the book “I Give My Heart to Children”). Awarded medals A.S. Makarenko (1965) and K.D. Ushinsky.

Name V.A. Sukhomlinsky was awarded to Pavlysh rural secondary school. In 1975, the Sukhomlinsky Pedagogical Museum was created there and a memorial plaque was installed. A Sukhomlinsky museum was opened in one of the classrooms of the Poltava Pedagogical Institute, and a memorial plaque was installed at the entrance to the building. His followers created International Association V.A. Sukhomlinsky and International association researchers Sukhomlinsky. The name of the Hero was given to Nikolaev National University in 2003. A bust of V.A. Sukhomlinsky is installed in front of the university building.

Essays:
Education of collectivism among schoolchildren, M., 1956;
Formation of communist beliefs of the younger generation, M., 1961;
I give my heart to children, 5th ed. K., 1974;
Pavlyshskaya secondary school, M. 1969;
The Birth of a Citizen, 3rd ed., Vladivostok, 1974;
About education, 2nd ed., M., 1975;
Conversation with a young school director M., 1973;
Wise power of the collective, M. 1975;
Selected works, vol. 1-5, Kyiv, 1979-1980;
Selected pedagogical works, vol. 1-3, M., 1979-1981.

Place of Birth village Vasilyevka,
Alexandria district,
Kherson province, Ukrainian Derzhava, now Onufrievsky district, Kirovograd region, Ukraine

Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky(ukr. Vasil Oleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky; September 28, p. Vasilyevka, Alexandria district, Kherson province, Ukrainian State - September 2, village. Pavlysh, Onufrievsky district, Kirovograd region, Ukrainian SSR) is an outstanding Soviet teacher, innovator, and writer.

Corresponding Member of the Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of the USSR (), Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (), Honored School Teacher of the Ukrainian SSR (), Hero of Socialist Labor ()

Biography

The future innovative teacher was born in 1918 in the village of Vasilyevka (now Kirovograd region) into a poor peasant family. Here he spent his childhood and youth. Vasily Alexandrovich's father, Alexander Emelyanovich Sukhomlinsky (1893-1930), before the October Revolution, worked for hire as a carpenter and joiner in landowners' economies and as a piecework worker in peasant farms. In Soviet times, Alexander Emelyanovich became one of the leading people in the village - he was a social activist, took part in the leadership of consumer cooperation and the collective farm, appeared in newspapers as a village correspondent, managed the collective farm hut-laboratory, and supervised labor training (in woodworking) at a seven-year school. V. A. Sukhomlinsky’s mother, Oksana Avdeevna (1893-1931), was a housewife, did minor tailoring work, and worked on a collective farm. Together with Alexander Emelyanovich, she raised, in addition to Vasily, three more children - Ivan, Sergei and Melania. All of them became rural teachers.

In the summer of 1933, Vasily’s mother accompanied him to Kremenchug. After graduating from the workers' faculty, he entered the pedagogical institute; At the age of 17, he became a teacher at a correspondence school near his native village. He transferred to the Poltava Pedagogical Institute and graduated in 1938, then returned to his native place, where he began teaching Ukrainian language and literature at the Onufrievsky secondary school.

In 1941, Sukhomlinsky volunteered to go to the front. In January 1942, he, a junior political instructor, was seriously wounded while defending Moscow, and only miraculously survived. The shell fragment remained in his chest forever. After treatment in a hospital in the Urals, he asked to go to the front, but the commission could not recognize him as even partially fit. As soon as his native places were liberated, Sukhomlinsky returned to his homeland. In 1948, he became the director of the Pavlysh secondary school, which he continuously led until the end of his life.

Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky is the author of 40 monographs and brochures, more than 600 articles, 1200 stories and fairy tales. Vasily Aleksandrovich wrote scientific monographs and articles in Russian. Fiction - in Ukrainian. The total circulation of his books was about 4 million copies in various languages.

Pedagogical activity

Sukhomlinsky created an original pedagogical system based on the principles of humanism, on the recognition of the child’s personality as the highest value, on which the processes of upbringing and education, creative activity should be oriented close-knit team like-minded teachers and students. The very essence of Sukhomlinsky’s ethics of communist education was that the educator believes in the reality, feasibility and achievability of the communist ideal, and measures his work by the criterion and yardstick of the ideal.

Sukhomlinsky built the learning process as joyful work; he paid great attention to shaping the worldview of students; an important role in teaching was given to the teacher’s word, artistic style presentation, composing fairy tales with children, works of art, reading books.

Sukhomlinsky developed a comprehensive aesthetic program of “education with beauty.” In Soviet pedagogy of his time, he began to develop humanistic traditions of domestic and world pedagogical thought.

Sukhomlinsky’s views are presented in their entirety in “Etudes on Communist Education” () and other works. His ideas are embodied in the practice of many schools. The International Association of V. A. Sukhomlinsky and the International Association of Sukhomlinsky Researchers, the Sukhomlinsky Pedagogical Museum at the Pavlysh School () were created.

Sukhomlinsky is the author of about 30 books and over 500 articles devoted to the education and training of youth. The book of his life is “I Give My Heart to Children” (State Prize of the Ukrainian SSR - posthumously). His life is raising children, personality. He instilled in children a personal attitude to the surrounding reality, an understanding of their work and responsibility to family, comrades and society and, most importantly, to their own conscience.

In his book “100 tips for teachers,” Sukhomlinsky wrote that a child is a being who thinks, understands the world not only around him, but also knows himself. Moreover, this knowledge comes not only with the mind, but also with the heart. Only the teacher who truly loves his subject is the one who explains a hundredth part of what he knows in class. The richer the teacher’s knowledge, the more clearly his personal attitude to knowledge, science, books, mental work, and intellectual life is revealed. This intellectual wealth is the teacher’s love for his subject, science, school, pedagogy. A teacher is not only a specialist who knows how to pass on knowledge to the next generation, but he also plays a big role in making a person out of a child, namely a person of the future, on whom the future depends the whole country. The teacher must not only be able to analyze the reasons for the influence on the child, but must also ensure that the study of the subject becomes integral. Work should become the main thing in a student’s life. Folk pedagogy knows what a child can do and what cannot. Because it organically combines life wisdom with maternal and paternal love. In order for a child to want to study well, and thereby strive to bring joy to his mother and father, he needs to be protected, cherished, and developed in him a sense of pride as a worker. This means that the child must see and experience his success in learning. Human relationships are revealed most clearly in work - when one creates something for another. The teacher’s task is not only to be able to correctly determine the causes and consequences in upbringing, but also to influence the life of the child, while sharing his concerns with his parents. The teacher needs to work so that the mother and father have a common idea of ​​who they are raising together with the school, and hence the unity of their requirements, first of all, for themselves. To ensure that father and mother act in unity as educators means teaching the wisdom of maternal and paternal love, the harmony of kindness and severity, affection and exactingness. A teacher becomes a beacon of knowledge - and therefore an educator - only when the pupil has a desire to know incomparably more than he learned in the lesson, and this desire becomes one of the main incentives that encourages the pupil to learn, to master knowledge.

Methods of education and theory of child rearing according to Sukhomlinsky.

Simple truths of the Pavlysh teacher (V. Sukhomlinsky)

Having access to the fairy-tale palace, whose name is Childhood, I always considered it necessary to become to some extent a child. Only under this condition will children not look at you as a person who accidentally entered the gates of their fairy-tale world, as a watchman guarding this world, a watchman who is indifferent to what is happening inside this world. (V. Sukhomlinsky)

The path to the profession

Vasily Aleksandrovich Sukhomlinsky has an amazing fate. Recognized by the public and authorities former USSR, communist, atheist, academician, awarded the highest awards, the Pavlysh teacher hardly worked exclusively for the sake of communist idea. However, just a few years ago, in the works of Sukhomlinsky, they looked for and found the origins of the Marxist-Leninist worldview in the education of schoolchildren and future teachers. But that era is a thing of the past, and the topics have changed scientific research: from Sukhomlinsky they draw ideas of humanism, nurturing love for native land, native language and words, references to national sources.

We must admit: today both teachers and parents are little familiar with Vasily Alexandrovich’s methods of education. At best, students studied the works of Sukhomlinsky in a course on the history of pedagogy, of which they only remember: “work in the name of the Motherland and for the sake of victory over imperialism”, and perhaps also “love of nature, education of collectivism”... Few people reveal it books and is carried away by the true ideas of the teacher. That is why today almost none of the teachers remember Sukhomlinsky (as well as the same Makarenko). A simple stereotype comes into play: we already know about our own, but read about Montessori pedagogy, get acquainted with ideas Domana , Spock or Ibuki much more interesting.

Of course, it’s great when every teacher can be interested in different methods and try to implement what he likes. Today, the widest field of opportunities is open for the introduction of pedagogical educational concepts. But for some reason, many people create idols from famous foreign teachers, but no longer notice their own, accessible, wise and progressive ones.

At the center of the educational system created by Vasily Sukhomlinsky, there is a child with his activity, interests, individual creative abilities. The main task of the school teaching staff is to create favorable conditions for the formation and development of the Personality. Education, according to Sukhomlinsky, is not the elimination of a child’s shortcomings, but the development of all that is good. Not power and submission, but respect and love should be the basis of learning. That is, the point is not that the student receives a certain set of knowledge at school, but how this knowledge will live in him in the future.

Few teachers know something else: towards the end of his life, Sukhomlinsky turned from international education to national education, from atheism - to a folk cultural basis, to an understanding of the multifaceted manifestations of a student’s personality, to the fact that in the formation of a comprehensive developed person main role spirituality plays.

As for praising the ideals of communism, this really cannot be taken away. But! For Sukhomlinsky, this was not a ritual or duty, but faith, sincere and pure. “We must say with all certainty,” wrote Vasily Alexandrovich, “that the first and the most important goal education is a person, his comprehensive development“, a clear mind, high ideals, a pure noble heart, golden hands, his personal happiness.”

It is quite obvious that we're talking about about true humanistic values. It’s just that in his time Sukhomlinsky could not operate with other concepts. His understanding of the tasks of education was very different from what was in the textbooks; his view of the role and place of the teacher did not fit into the postulates of official pedagogy.

The future innovative teacher was born in 1918 in the village of Vasilyevka (now Kirovograd region) into a poor peasant family. Here he spent his childhood and youth. In the summer of 1933, Vasily’s mother accompanied him to Kremenchug. After graduating from the workers' faculty, he entered the pedagogical institute; At the age of 17, he became a teacher at a correspondence school near his native village. He transferred to the Poltava Pedagogical Institute and graduated in 1938, then returned to his native place, where he began teaching Ukrainian language and literature at the Onufrievsky secondary school.

In 1941, Sukhomlinsky volunteered to go to the front. In January 1942, he, a junior political instructor, was seriously wounded while defending Moscow, and only miraculously survived. The shell fragment remained in his chest forever. After treatment in a hospital in the Urals, he asked to go to the front, but the commission could not recognize him as even partially fit. As soon as his native places were liberated, Sukhomlinsky returned to his homeland. In 1948, he became the director of the Pavlysh secondary school, which he continuously led until the end of his life.

Today, when the work of an outstanding teacher has acquired the features of a completed logical whole, the significance of his books “I Give My Heart to Children,” “The Birth of a Citizen,” and “Letters to My Son,” prepared for publication as a kind of trilogy, is especially clearly visible. Each of these works is a separate, independent and complete work. Presented as a trilogy, they reveal the whole complex of problems in raising the younger generation.

Written in the last period of Vasily Aleksandrovich’s life, these books belong to his main, in many respects programmatic, works and together they give an idea of ​​​​Sukhomlinsky’s pedagogical system, and of his personality as a teacher - theorist and practitioner.