Part II. SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL AREAS
Section 2. STATE NATURAL RESERVES OF THE KEMEROV REGION
By resolution of the Board of Administration Kemerovo region dated 10/14/2009 No. 412
“On state natural reserves of the Kemerovo region” the validity period of existing state natural reserves of the Kemerovo region has been extended. As of December 31, 2009, there were 12 state nature reserves of regional significance operating in the Kemerovo region, intended to restore the number of game animals (Table 2.1).
Table 2.1
State nature reserves of the Kemerovo region
|
p/p |
Name of the state reserve |
Location (administrative region) |
Main protected species |
Area, hectares |
|||
|
Total |
including |
||||||
|
forested |
occupied by herbaceous ecosystems |
occupied by water bodies |
|||||
|
Antibessky |
Izhmorsky, Mariinsky, Chebulinsky |
Beaver, roe deer |
47738,7 |
34696 |
9781 |
121,8 |
|
|
Barzassky |
Kemerovo |
Beaver |
62469,4 |
58967,9 |
2108,3 |
197,0 |
|
|
Belsinsky |
Mezhdurechensky |
Sable, maral, reindeer |
77334 |
69563 |
|||
|
Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky |
Krapivinsky, Belovsky |
Integrated species conservation |
63378 |
48890,9 |
11900,1 |
342,1 |
|
|
Gorskinsky |
Guryevsky |
Capercaillie |
12980,3 |
4921,9 |
4022,6 |
57,5 |
|
|
Kitat |
Yaisky |
Beaver, moose |
47951,1 |
30126,27 |
16360,4 |
193,12 |
|
|
Nizhne-Tomsk |
Yurginsky |
Elk, roe deer |
28485,5 |
15825,2 |
9786,1 |
593,8 |
|
|
Written |
Yashkinsky, Kemerovo |
Elk |
29415,5 |
18887,8 |
9406,8 |
323,9 |
|
|
Saltymakovsky |
Krapivinsky |
Elk |
31795,4 |
28077 |
2581 |
||
|
Salairsky |
Promyshlennovsky, Guryevsky |
Elk, capercaillie |
38169 |
32116,2 |
2407,3 |
62,9 |
|
|
Razdolny |
Yurginsky, Topkinsky |
Roe deer, elk |
14118,6 |
6227 |
6505 |
||
|
Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky |
Chebulinsky, Tisulsky |
Maral |
23897,1 |
22571,2 |
991,5 |
145,8 |
|
|
Total: |
477732,6 |
370870,4 |
76483,1 |
2383,92 |
|||
2.1. Reforming the regional PA system
The total land area of protected areas in the Kemerovo region is 1315505.6 hectares - one of the highest figures in Russia. However, despite this, the existing system of protected areas is not effective enough to conserve natural complexes and maintaining the normal functioning of the components of the natural environment. Protected natural areas of federal significance, occupying 60% of the total area of protected natural areas, have a relatively low impact on the restoration of the air basin of the Kemerovo region. Due to the fact that they are geographically located in the east and southeast of the region, under conditions of the predominance of western transport of air masses, they have a greater impact on the Republic of Khakassia than on the Kemerovo region. The established migration routes of ungulates show that the wintering grounds of roe deer, elk, and deer are located outside the region - in the Republic of Khakassia. State nature reserves of the Kemerovo region provide only the protection of hunting and commercial species of animals.
Specially protected natural areas The Kemerovo region currently consists of isolated and semi-isolated areas of nature of varying degrees of preservation, not connected with each other, and, therefore, not a normally functioning system of protected areas. Existing specially protected natural areas do not cover many landscapes of the Kemerovo region. There is a complete lack of protection for landscapes of the steppe and southern taiga (sub)type; landscapes of subtaiga, forest-steppe, foothill light-coniferous mountain-taiga types and taiga-forest-steppe type of light-coniferous-birch forests can be traced only on the territory of zoological reserves. The protection of swamps is actually carried out only in the territory of protected areas of federal significance, which include only swamps of mid-mountain and high mountains; swamps of the flat territory (the unique complex of Shestakovsky swamps) remain unprotected. Therefore, there is a need to establish comprehensive protection or organize new protected areas to protect these types of landscapes.
2.2. State Nature Reserve "Antibessky"
The Antibessky nature reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northern part of the region in the Izhmorsky, Mariinsky and Chebulinsky districts (Fig. 2.1). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Letyazhka, Izhmorsky district. Its area is 47738.7 hectares. The reserve got its name from the Antibes River, in the basin of which it is located.
The reserve was created for the purpose of protecting and reproducing the beaver. The territory of the reserve is characterized by hilly and ridged terrain with wide swampy valleys of small streams and rivers. Thickets of common willow and aspen grow abundantly along the river banks. This made it possible to release it in the river in 1960. Antibes and its beaver tributaries, which have taken root well.
Rice. 2.1. Grass and forb meadow of the Antibessky nature reserve
A comprehensive environmental survey of the Antibessky state nature reserve, carried out in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied territory are not characterized by increased biological diversity.
The vertebrate fauna of the reserve is typical for the flat taiga of the foothills of the Kuznetsk Alatau and is represented by 235 species of vertebrates, of which 1 species of lamprey, 18 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 158 species of birds and 52 species of mammals.
Of the entire composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 14 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
The flora of the reserve includes 566 species of higher vascular plants. Bryophytes growing on the territory of the reserve have not been sufficiently studied. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 13 plant species.
The territory of the Antibessky reserve is of significant interest as an object for preserving the biodiversity of the Kemerovo region. In the northwestern part of the reserve there is a complex of Antibes swamps. Swamp ecosystems of this type and scale are unique for the Kemerovo region; they include a large number of representatives of the orchid family, listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region.
2.3. State Nature Reserve "Barzassky"
The reserve is located in the low-mountain taiga in the north of the region in the Kemerovo region and covers part of the Barzas River basin, from which it received its name (Fig. 2.2). The reserve covers an area of 62,469.4 hectares. It was created for the purpose of breeding river beaver in the Kemerovo region (Barzas River basin). From the territory of the reserve, beavers are actively spreading to surrounding lands and currently do not require special protection measures.
The territory of the reserve has a hilly topography and is covered with fir and aspen taiga. Cedar is found among tree plantations. Significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests on the site of old clearings and burnt areas. A numerous network of rivers and streams with willow thickets creates favorable conditions for beavers to live. Along with beavers, the reserve is home to elk, roe deer, wood grouse and black grouse; Brown bear, mink, weasel, otter, sable, squirrel, etc. However, in recent years the number of bear, elk and sable has been declining.
Rice. 2.2. Dark coniferous forest on the bank of the river. Barzas
A comprehensive environmental survey carried out in 2006 on the territory of the Barzassky state nature reserve showed that the flora and fauna of the studied territory are not characterized by increased biological diversity.
The fauna of the reserve is represented by 226 species of vertebrate animals, which is 46.1% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish – 13 species, amphibians – 2 species, reptiles – 2 species, birds – 154 species, mammals – 52 species.
The flora of the reserve includes 261 species of higher vascular plants and 28 species of bryophytes.
Among plants and animals, a large number of species are of economic and environmental importance: 10 plant species and 18 animal species found on the territory of the Barzassky reserve are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region; 3 species of birds - in the Appendix of the Red Data Book of the Kemerovo Region.
2.4. State Nature Reserve "Belsinsky"
The reserve is located on the territory of the Mezhdurechensky district in the river basin. Belsu on the western slopes of the Kuznetsk Alatau (Fig. 2.3). Its area is 77334 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the city of Mezhdurechensk. The terrain of the reserve is mountainous, maximum heights reach 2178 m above sea level. The reserve is located in the mid-mountain zone of dark coniferous taiga with a predominance of fir and cedar.
Rice. 2.3. Dark coniferous forest on the bank of the river. Belsu
The Belsinsky Nature Reserve was created for the purpose of protecting and reproducing sable, but a complex of game animals is subject to protection in it, since the migration routes of ungulates, mainly deer and roe deer, pass here; there are elk and reindeer.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the Belsinsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not characterized by increased biological diversity. At the same time, this territory is home to a significant number of valuable and rare species of plants and animals.
The fauna of the reserve is quite diverse, the main hunting and commercial species are especially well represented. All species of ungulates and predators living in the Kemerovo region are found here without exception. The abundant food supply attracts sable, otter, mink and other valuable game animals. Reindeer live on the slopes of the mountains bordering the river valley. Belsu. The river is home to valuable species of fish: taimen, uskuch, grayling, etc. However, in terms of biological diversity of vertebrate and invertebrate animals, it does not fundamentally stand out against the background of the mountain taiga territories of the Kemerovo region; 164 species of vertebrates live here, of which 14 species of fish, 2 amphibian species, 1 reptile species, 99 bird species and 46 mammal species.
The flora of the Belsinsky reserve includes 345 species of vascular plants belonging to 216 genera and 60 families. Most rich in species composition families are represented: Asteraceae, Poaaceae, Rosaceae, Sedgeaceae, Cloveaceae, Ranunculaceae, Celeryaceae, Legumeaceae, Norichaceae.
18 species of plants, 4 species of animals, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
The Belsinsky Nature Reserve, together with the Kuznetsky Alatau Nature Reserve, performs an important function in preserving mountain and taiga ecosystems, as well as certain species of rare and economically valuable plants and animals.
2.5. State Nature Reserve "Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky"
The Bungarapsko-Azhendarovsky reserve is located on the left bank of the river. Tom in Belovsky and Krapivinsky districts (Fig. 2.4). Its area is 63,378 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The river flows along the eastern border of the reserve. Bungarap, along the southwest - river. Inya, on the western - r. Mungat, Taradanovsky Uval is located in the center.
Rice. 2.4. The border of the Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky reserve along the river. Tom
The reserve was created for the purpose of protecting and reproducing the beaver. Currently, beavers have mastered the valleys of taiga rivers and have begun to settle outside the reserve. On the territory of the reserve there is one of the largest winter moose camps in the region.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the state natural reserve “Bungorapsko-Azhendarovsky”, carried out in 2007, showed that the richness of flora and fauna is determined by the location of the reserve on the border of three landscape formations - floodplain-valley landscapes (Tom River, Inya River), Kuznetsk forest-steppe basins and mountain dark coniferous forests of the Kuznetsk Alatau. Therefore, the territory of the reserve combines species belonging to different ecological and geographical complexes. The fauna of the reserve is represented by 304 species of vertebrates, including 1 species of lamprey, 23 species of fish, 3 species of amphibians, 5 species of reptiles, 216 species of birds and 56 species of mammals. The territory of the reserve is home to the easternmost and only population of the common newt in Kuzbass. Game animals and birds occupy a special place. On the territory of the reserve these species are diverse and quite numerous. Among the hunting species, almost all representatives of the commercial fauna of the Kemerovo region are found. Due to the inaccessibility of most areas of the reserve, the presence of diverse and sufficiently large habitats has created good conditions for the reproduction of most game species: mink, beaver, muskrat, weasel, bear, hog and waterfowl.
Of the variety of animals registered in the reserve, 46 species of vertebrates and 5 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region. For a number of species (newt, grass snake, peregrine falcon), the territory of the reserve is the only place where stable and relatively numerous populations exist.
There are 656 species of higher plants belonging to 100 families growing on the territory of the reserve. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae family - 71 species, the Poaceae family (Potaceae) - 55 species, the Legumeaceae and Ranunculaceae - 34 species each, Rosaceae - 33 species, Apiaceae and Sedgeaceae - 23 species each, and Cloveaceae - 22 species. 28 species of rare plants are registered and included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
2.6. State Nature Reserve "Gorskinsky"
The Gorskiy Nature Reserve is located in the Guryevsky district in the foothills of the Salair Ridge and has a hilly topography. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Kochkurovka, Guryevsky district. The main watercourses are the Biryulya and Ur rivers. Its area is 12980.3 hectares. The main forest-forming species is pine. Most of the territory of the reserve is occupied by forest-steppe and shrubs (Fig. 2.5). Pine forests with numerous fields and meadows attract roe deer, elk and other valuable game animals to the reserve.
Rice. 2.5. Forest-steppe of the Gorskinsky reserve
The original purpose of the reserve is the protection of wood grouse. Subsequently, the Gorskinsky reserve was defined by its profile as a complex zoological one, where capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse and partridge are subject to protection.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the reserve, carried out in 2008, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is characterized by increased biological diversity, which is explained by the large mosaic of biotopes in a relatively small area.
The fauna of the reserve is quite rich: 183 species of vertebrate animals live here, including 13 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 118 species of birds and 47 species of mammals. On the territory of the reserve there are 5 rare species of animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve includes 612 species belonging to 87 families and 327 genera. The largest families of flora are: Asteraceae - 76 species, Cereals - 58 species, Legumes - 36 species, Rosaceae - 35 species, Brassicas - 30 species, Ranunculaceae - 28 species, Sedgeaceae - 26 species and others. The flora of higher vascular plants of the reserve contains 18 species included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
2.7. State Nature Reserve "Kitatsky"
The Kitatsky reserve is located in the northern part of the Kemerovo region, on the territory of the Yaya district, its area is 47951.1 hectares, the relief is flat. The main rivers in the reserve are Kitat, Katat, Kuerbak (Fig. 2.6). The center of the reserve is located in the village. Ulanovka.
Rice. 2.6. Communities of aquatic plants of the river. Kitat
Dark coniferous species (fir, cedar) predominate in the composition of tree plantations; significant areas are occupied by secondary birch-aspen forests in cleared areas and burnt areas. More than a third of the reserve's territory is occupied by open forest-steppe areas where agricultural production is carried out.
The main task of the reserve is to preserve and ensure the reproduction of the beaver, the number of which has stabilized at an optimal level. The functional status of the reserve is determined by the large number of semi-aquatic mammal species (mink, otter, beaver, muskrat) inhabiting the Kuerbak and Kitat rivers. Of these, the only protected species is the otter.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the Kitatsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not characterized by increased biological diversity.
The vertebrate fauna is typical of the lowland taiga of the West Siberian Plain. According to preliminary data, 233 species of vertebrates live here, of which 1 species of lamprey, 18 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 156 species of birds and 52 species of mammals. The list of protected species in the Kemerovo region includes 10 species of vertebrates and 2 species of insects. For the north of the Kemerovo region, the fauna of the reserve is not unique in terms of species composition and the presence of protected species. It is typical of the southern lowland taiga and subtaiga (birch) forests. Many species of commercial fauna belong to the category of common or small in number (fox, sable, weasel, ermine, polecat, gray partridge). The reserve has lost its significance as a winter stop for elk or roe deer, since their numbers are quite low.
In total, 366 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 67 families have been recorded on the territory of the reserve. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae family - 35 species, the Poaceae family - 34 species, and the Rosaceae family - 27 species. On the territory of the reserve, only 2 species of rare and protected plants are noted, included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
2.8. State Nature Reserve "Nizhne-Tomsky"
The reserve is located in the forest-steppe zone of the northwestern part of the Kemerovo region - in the Yurga region. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makurino. Its area is 28485.5 hectares. The relief of the reserve is a slightly undulating flat plain, dissected in the central part by a wide valley of the river. Tom, with a large number of floodplain lakes (Fig. 2.7). Significant areas of the reserve are occupied by coniferous forests, among which pine is more common, and fir, spruce and cedar are less common. Open forest-steppe areas (more than a third of the reserve's territory) are developed for agricultural land. Numerous aspen and birch groves are a convenient habitat for Siberian roe deer and elk.
The purpose of the reserve is the comprehensive protection of wildlife, including elk, roe deer, wood grouse, black grouse and partridge.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the Nizhne-Tomsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied territory are very unequal in concentration of rare species. The vast majority of rare species are concentrated in the limited eastern part of the reserve - in the floodplain of the river. Tom.
On the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve, 272 species of vertebrate animals were identified, which is 56.2% of the fauna of the region. Of these: fish – 23 species, amphibians – 2 species, reptiles – 4 species, birds – 196 species, mammals – 47 species.
The fauna of the reserve contains 20 species of vertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, of which 3 species of fish, 1 species of reptiles, 12 species of birds, 4 species of mammals. Of the vertebrate animals living on the territory of the reserve, 1 species of fish, 2 species of birds and 1 species of mammals are included in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
Figure 2.7. General form Nizhne-Tomsk nature reserve in the Varyukhinskaya Kurya area
The flora of higher vascular plants of the Nizhne-Tomsk reserve includes 662 species belonging to 339 genera and 92 families. Spore-bearing plants include 18 species, of which 11 species are ferns. The most numerous in terms of the number of family species are: Asteraceae - 85 species, Poaceae (Poagrass) - 50 species, Sedgeaceae - 38 species, Rosaceae and Legumes - 35 species each, Cruciferae - 32 species.
The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 22 species of plants found on the territory of the Nizhne-Tomsk Nature Reserve.
2.9. State Nature Reserve "Pisany"
The reserve is located in the northwestern part of the region, in the forest-steppe part of the Yashkinsky and Kemerovo districts on the right bank of the river. Tom in the lower part of the river basin. Written (Fig. 2.8). Its area is 29415.5 hectares. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Pacha Yashkinsky district. The relief of the reserve is a hilly plain, strongly dissected by ravines. Among the tracts of aspen-birch forests there are pine and cedar forests. The Pisany reserve is complex. The reserve has established a protective regime for elk, roe deer, otter, black grouse, hazel grouse, common weasel, hare, squirrel, fox, mink and lynx.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the Pisany state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area is very unequal in the concentration of rare species. Largest number rare species were noted along the Tom River and in the vicinity of the Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve.
Rice. 2.8. Right indigenous bank of the river. Tom of the Pisany reserve
The fauna of the Pisany reserve is represented by 258 species of vertebrate animals (53.3% of the fauna of the region), of which: fish - 18 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 188 species, mammals - 45 species.
The fauna of the reserve and the immediate adjacent territories includes 30 species of animals listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, including: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 21 species, mammals - 5 species.
The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 2 species.
The fauna of invertebrate animals of the Pisany reserve has been studied fragmentarily. Research concerns only rare species. In total, 4 species of invertebrate animals are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, of which hymenoptera - 2 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Pisany reserve contains 6 species of invertebrate animals - candidates for the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, having the status of declining species (category A) and stable species (category B), of which dragonflies - 1 species, hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera – 4 species. Provided their habitats are preserved, their numbers can be restored.
When assessing the significance of the reserve, it is necessary to take into account that most rare birds stay on the territory of the reserve temporarily, during migrations and migrations. Many of them are waterfowl.
The flora of the reserve includes 615 species of higher vascular plants, of which 20 plant species are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
2.10. State Nature Reserve "Razdolny"
The Razdolny reserve is located on the territory of the Yurginsky and Topkinsky districts. Its area is 14118.6 hectares. The terrain of the reserve is hilly. The Iskitim and Kamenka rivers originate on the territory of the reserve.
The main type of vegetation is forest-steppe, sometimes swampy (Fig. 2.9). Birch and aspen pegs sometimes form quite large arrays. In addition, there are several isolated pine forests. Steppe areas, which occupy almost half the territory of the reserve, are used for Agriculture. The reserve is located in a densely populated area with a well-developed network of roads. There are no settlements inside the reserve, but there are quite a lot of them along its borders.
The Razdolny nature reserve is complex, but its main purpose is the protection of moose and roe deer in their winter camp.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the Razdolny state nature reserve, carried out in 2007, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied area are not characterized by increased biological diversity.
Fig.2.9. Cattail-forb swamp on the territory of the Razdolny nature reserve
The fauna of the reserve is typical of the forest-steppe of the Kuznetsk basin. The absence of large bodies of water on the territory of the reserve explains the relative poverty of the vertebrate fauna. According to preliminary data, 188 species of vertebrates live here, of which 9 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 3 species of reptiles, 130 species of birds and 44 species of mammals.
Of the entire composition of animals registered on the territory of the reserve, 5 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
There are 495 plant species belonging to 82 families growing on the territory of the reserve. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae (60 species) and Poaceae (Potaceae) families - 43 species. 6 plant species are listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
2.11. State Nature Reserve "Salairsky"
The Salairsky reserve is located on the northeastern tip of the foothills of the Salairsky Ridge in the territory of the Promyshlennovsky and Guryevsky districts. Its area is 35,449 hectares. The center of the reserve is the village. Zhuravlevo, Promyshlennovsky district. The reserve is located in the foothills of the Salair Ridge (Fig. 2.10). The main watercourses are the Istok, Chebura, and Kasma rivers.
Forest areas are represented mainly by fir-aspen taiga, significant areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch-aspen small forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas. Small areas of open forest-steppe areas are used for agriculture. The Salairsky reserve was created as a species reserve for the protection and reproduction of elk.
A comprehensive ecological survey of the Salairsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that, despite the long history of development of the ridge, the vegetation cover still contains significant areas of natural undisturbed vegetation, fragmented areas of which are scattered throughout the entire territory of the ridge. On the territory of the Salair reserve there are various plant communities: steppe, forest, meadow, swamp, and semi-aquatic, which suggests the presence of rich flora and fauna.
Rice. 2.10. Steppe communities on rocky outcrops
The fauna of the reserve is represented by 241 species of vertebrate animals (49.8% of the fauna of the region), of which: fish - 9 species, amphibians and reptiles - 6 species, birds - 170 species, mammals - 56 species.
The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 26 species of vertebrates, of which: birds - 19 species, mammals - 7 species (only the bats), the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 1 species of amphibians, 3 species of birds and 2 species of mammals.
On the territory of the reserve, 11 species of invertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region were noted, of which: dragonflies - 3 species, hemipterans - 1 species, hymenoptera - 5 species, lepidoptera - 2 species. In addition, the invertebrate fauna of the Salair Reserve contains 4 species included in the Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, having the status of endangered species (category A) and stable species (category B).
The floristic diversity of the studied area amounts to 682 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 95 families and 343 genera. Vascular spore plants (horsetails, ferns) are represented by 24 species, of which 15 species are ferns. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 27 plant species.
2.12. State Nature Reserve "Saltymakovsky"
The Saltymakovsky reserve is located on the territory of the Krapivinsky district. Its territory covers part of the river basin. Taydon and a significant part of the Saltymakovsky ridge. In the lowlands of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge, the reserve borders the protective zone of the Kuznetsky Alatau State Nature Reserve. Its area is 31,795.4 hectares, the terrain of the territory is low-mountain, the maximum heights reach 720 m above sea level (Fig. 2.11). The main watercourses are the Taydon and Ilmen rivers. The center of the reserve is located in the village. Taradanovo, Krapivinsky district. The Saltymakovsky reserve was created as a species reserve for the protection and reproduction of elk. Dark coniferous taiga (fir and cedar) predominates; large areas are occupied by secondary forests - birch and aspen small forests in overgrown clearings and burnt areas.
A comprehensive environmental survey of the Saltymakovsky state nature reserve, carried out in 2006, showed that the flora and fauna of the studied territory is rich, diverse and is of significant interest from the point of view of practical solutions to the problems of preserving biological diversity.
Rice. 2.11. General view of the Saltymakovsky reserve
The fauna of the reserve contains 262 species of vertebrate animals (54.1% of the fauna of the region), including cyclostomes - 1 species, fish - 20 species, amphibians - 2 species, reptiles - 5 species, birds - 184 species, mammals - 50 species.
The territory of the reserve is home to 37 species of vertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region, of which: fish - 3 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 26 species, mammals - 7 species. The Appendix of the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes: fish - 1 species, reptiles - 1 species, birds - 3 species.
On the territory of the Saltymakovsky reserve, 4 species of invertebrate animals included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo region were noted. The Red Book Appendix includes 4 species of invertebrates: dragonflies - 1 species, Hymenoptera - 1 species, Lepidoptera - 2 species.
The flora of the reserve includes 564 species of higher vascular plants, of which 23 species are included in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region.
2.13. State Nature Reserve "Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky"
The Chumaysko-Irkutyanovsky nature reserve is located on the territory of the Tisulsky and Chebulinsky districts. The center of the reserve is located in the village of Makaraksky, Tisulsky district. Its area is 23897.1 hectares. The territory of the reserve has low-mountain relief and is drained by the river system. Kiya with a tributary of the river. Casing (Fig. 2.12). Little rainfall occurs in winter time(up to 200 mm), leads to the formation of a thin snow cover, which attracts marals and roe deer from all surrounding areas for wintering here.
Rice. 2.12. River valley Kiya
Comprehensive environmental survey carried out on the territory of the state nature reserve
“Chumaisko-Irkutyanovsky” in 2007 showed that the flora and fauna of the reserve are diverse. This is determined by its location at the junction of the forest-steppe regions of the northeast of the region and the mountain-taiga territories of the northern spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau.
The reserve is home to 255 species of vertebrates, of which 1 species of lamprey, 22 species of fish, 2 species of amphibians, 4 species of reptiles, 171 species of birds and 55 species of mammals. The Red Book of the Kemerovo Region includes 18 species of vertebrates and 1 species of insects.
The flora of the reserve is represented by 403 species of higher vascular plants belonging to 73 families. The dominant position is occupied by flowering plants– 378 species. The most richly represented families in terms of species composition are the Compositae family - 45 species, the Poaceae family - 32 species, the Rosaceae family - 26 species, and the Legume family - 23 species. In the flora of the reserve, 20 species of rare plants were identified, listed in the Red Book of the Kemerovo Region with different protection statuses, of which 4 species are the large-flowered lady's slipper (Cypripedium macranthon), the clotted flower (Neottianthe cucullata), the helmeted orchis (Orchis militaris) and the leafless chinstrap (Epipogium aphyllum) are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation.
Kuznetsky Alatau Nature ReserveKuznetsky Alatau Nature Reserve is located in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, in the Tisulsky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region. The reserve was founded in 1989, its area is 412.9 thousand hectares, 253 thousand hectares are forests, 15 thousand hectares are meadows, 1.6 thousand hectares are reservoirs. The relief of the territory is mountainous, smooth, the peaks of the mountains are dome-shaped. The highest mountain peaks of the Kuznetsk Alatau are Bolshaya Tserkovnaya (1449 m above sea level), Suitcase (1357 m), Krestovaya (1549 m), Kanym (1871 m). On the territory of the reserve are the sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the Tom and Chulym rivers. The climate is continental, with hot, dry summers and cold winter. The average annual temperature is 4.9 °С, the average July temperature is 21.1 °С (maximum 40 °С), the average January temperature is -10.8 °С (minimum up to -40 °С), the average annual precipitation is 385 mm. Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau nature reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian pine, giving way to pine and larch forests on the eastern slopes. The vegetation cover includes altitudinal zones from steppe and forest-steppe to black taiga, alpine meadows and high-mountain tundra. There are many rare plants: radiola rosea (golden root), leuzea safflower (maral root), lady's slipper and endemic species. Red deer, elk, roe deer, and sable are common in the reserve, and musk deer are also found. Wild reindeer constantly live and migrate within the Kuznetsk Alatau. Rare birds include the black stork and golden eagle; a total of 103 species of breeding birds have been recorded.
Shorsky national park
Shorsky National Park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region. The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km. The administration of the national park is located in Tashtagol (652990, Kemerovo region, Tashtagol, Sadovaya str. 8).
The terrain of the national park is complex, highly dissected river valleys mountain system. The average altitude above sea level is 500-800 m, individual peaks reach 1600-1800 m. The climate is sharply continental and harsh, which is due to the location of the park almost in the center of the Asian continent. The high ridges enclosing Mountain Shoria from the west with the Salair Ridge, from the south by the Altai mountain system and from the east by the Kuznetsk Alatau and Western Sayan ridges, create a unique climate regime. average temperature January?20-22 degrees. From July - +17-18 degrees. C. In the mountains, average temperatures drop sharply with altitude. The average annual precipitation is 900 mm, in the mountains on windward slopes up to 1500-1800 mm. Snow lasts for more than six months, from October to April. The depth of the snow cover reaches 200-250 cm, in the lowlands of the middle mountains - more than 400 cm. Winds of the southern and southwestern directions predominate.
The territory of the national park is dissected by a network of rivers and streams. The main waterway is the Mras-Su River, which flows through the main body of the park from north to south and divides its territory into approximately two equal parts. Water mode- typical for mountain rivers. The main sources of food for rivers and streams are precipitation and groundwater.
There are many commercial and hunting species in the national park's fauna: white hare, squirrel, sable, American mink, weasel, otter, wolverine, fox, wolf, lynx, elk. In addition to the listed species, there are the Siberian mole, chipmunk, water vole, muskrat, common hamster, ermine, weasel, steppe polecat, badger, brown bear, wild reindeer, musk deer, roe deer, and deer. Among the representatives of the avifauna, many are the object of hunting: the common mallard, shoveler, pintail, gray duck, teal, whistling teal, red-headed pochard, wood grouse, hazel grouse, black grouse, quail, corncrake, woodcock, snipe, great snipe, woodcock, etc. From Rare bird species in the park include the black stork, golden eagle, peregrine falcon, and osprey. The rivers are inhabited by grayling, lenok, taimen
Educational hour The Kemerovo region is located in the southern part of Western Siberia. On the territory of the region there is a state nature reserve"Kuznetsky Alatau".It was created in 1989 and is located in the highest part of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge on the territory of the Tisulsky, Novokuznetsky and Mezhdurechensky districts.
Kuznetsk Alatau (from the Turkic language “motley mountains”) is a highland in the south of Western Siberia, about 300 km long, the highest altitude is 2211 m.
The purpose of creating the reserve is to protect poorly disturbed forest ecosystems, as well as to protect the reindeer population.
The place on the bank of the Kiya in the Chebulinsky district of the Kemerovo region is the only “dinosaur cemetery” in our country.
In the vicinity of the village of Shestakovo on the right bank of the river, a huge number of bones of animals that inhabited the earth more than 130 ml years ago are hidden underground.
Here the skeleton of a dinosaur was found, which was named "Psittacosaurus sibiricus". This is a small two-meter dinosaur with an unusually shaped head and a beak like a parrot.
Fifty million years ago, the climate of Siberia was much warmer, and the vegetation was sharply different from today.
Instead of taiga, there were heat-loving forests of beech, alder, linden, maple, oak and walnut.
Deciduous forests rustled even where the tundra now extends.
A remnant of this in the south of the Kuznetsk Basin is “Linden Island” - a plot of linden trees preserved among a world of alien coniferous vegetation.
The first people appeared on the territory of the Kemerovo region
400 thousand years ago. They could be made from natural material
(stone, bone, wood) tools. Stone Age inhabitants hunted, fished, and collected fruits and roots.
A real ancient stone treasure was found near the village of Kuzedeevo.
At that time, the nature of Kuzbass was completely different. Here lived: Siberian woolly rhinoceroses, cave bears, mammoths. The remains of mammoths are often found in the Belovsky, Guryevsky and Prokopyevsky regions.
These animals were huge: a mammoth could weigh up to six tons!
Mammoth
Cave bear
Woolly rhinoceros
Five thousand years ago, people living in our region began to make the first metal products (copper, bronze) and mastered smelting techniques.
Traces of ancient metallurgy were found by archaeologists on Lake Tanai (Promyshlennovsky district).
Metal smelting
Bronze Ingot
Lake Tanay
The most interesting monuments of our region from the Bronze Age are pisanitsa - rock paintings of ancient people.
Ancient people loved to depict animals, hunting scenes, and also often painted the sun.
All pisanitsy are located along the banks of the Tom River.
The biggest one is famous all over the world 60 km from Kemerovo.
More than two and a half thousand years ago, the Iron Age began.
Weapons and tools began to be made mainly from it, since iron ores are more common than copper ores.
The skill and skill of people has increased significantly, because it is quite difficult to obtain iron and make iron products.
In the V-VI centuries AD. Turks, nomads from neighboring Altai, began to penetrate into the Kuznetsk land.
They had a strong influence on the tribes who lived here. Teleuts and Tomsk Tatars are direct descendants of the Turks. The Shors are an indigenous people who adopted the language and customs of the nomads.
The Teleuts were in the past one of the most prosperous Turkic clans. Their nomads extended from Altai far to the north. They were the first of the peoples of our region to voluntarily accept Russian citizenship. Now they live in the Novokuznetsk and Belovsky districts.
The Shors lived in the mountain taiga, along the Kondoma, Mras-Su rivers and their tributaries. They were skilled hunters and fishermen.
The Russians called them “blacksmiths” for their ability to melt iron and make weapons from it.
From them came the name of our region - Kuznetsk land.
The annexation of Siberia to Russia actively began in the 16th century.
Russian servicemen began to move deeper into Siberia and erect fortresses to protect new lands.
The first fort that arose in our region was called “Kuznetsky”.
The place was chosen very well: the merger of two big rivers, around there are vast fields for arable land and for livestock, nearby forest for hunting, a lot of fish in the rivers.
The fort was set up on the land of the Shors to protect them from attacks by hostile tribes and to collect tribute from the new subjects of the Russian Tsar.
Kuznetsk fort for a long time remained an important fortress in Russia.
Tsar Peter I ordered to search for and extract ores, so ore miners began to visit Siberia more and more often.
During his trip to the Kuznetsk region, ore explorer Mikhailo Volkov saw a “burnt mountain.” It was a coal fire.
This discovery came in handy; the metallurgical industry was actively developing in Russia, which required more and more fuel.
Over time, it became clear that the Kuznetsk region has huge reserves of coal and iron, gold and silver, and that metallurgical plants and mines need to be built here.
Later this began to be actively implemented. In 1816, a metallurgical plant began operating in Guryevsk, and in 1883 the first mine came into operation in Kolchugino (now Leninsk-Kuznetsky).
Our region in its history was part of different areas and regions: to the Tobolsk province, Tomsk province, Siberian region, Novosibirsk region.
And finally, in 1943, the Kemerovo region was formed.
And the Kuznetsk region was first called Kuzbass by the scientist Pyotr Chikhachev.
In 1842, he explored it, discovered that this area had huge reserves of coal and named it “Kuznetsk Coal Basin”, or “Kuzbass” for short.
From July to August 2008, Kuzbass residents took part in a regional competition in which they chose unique symbols native land. 10 characters were selected.
| Historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve "Tomskayapisanitsa" |
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| The rock with drawings of ancient people was discovered in the 16th century and for hundreds of years attracted the attention of researchers. | |||||||||||||
| An exhibition on the paleontology of the earth has been launched. |
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| Museum-reserve "Krasnaya Gorka" |
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| The unique museum-reserve is located on the right bank of the Tom on the territory of the former Kemerovo mine. | |||||||||||||
| Currently, industrial, civil and administrative buildings have been preserved here, which tell the story of the history of the city of Kemerovo. |
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| "Kuznetsk Fortress" - a monument of history and architecture of federal significance |
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| Construction of the Kuznetsk fortress began in 1800 and was completed in 1820. The fortress was part of a fortification system and was intended to protect the Russian border from neighboring China. The total area of the fortress is 2.5 hectares. | |||||||||||||
| Sculptural composition "Saint Barbara" |
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| The Holy Great Martyr Barbara has been revered in Russia since ancient times. |
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| Monument "Mine pile driver" (Anzhero-Sudzhensk) |
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| The main element of the monument is a metal pyramid imitating a mine header. | |||||||||||||
| Kuzbass State Technical University |
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| It was organized on the basis of the Kemerovo Mining and Construction College in 1950. |
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| Over the years of its existence, the university has grown into a large educational and scientific center, become one of the leading universities in Western Siberia, and is recognized in Russia and abroad. |
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| Monument "Memory of the miners of Kuzbass" (Kemerovo) |
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| The monument, a gift from sculptor Ernst Neizvestny, was erected in 2003. | |||||||||||||
| Monument to Mikhailo Volkov |
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| A monument to the discoverer of Kuznetsk coal, Mikhailo Volkov, was erected on the square named after him in Central region Kemerovo. |
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| In 1721, on the banks of the Tom River, Mikhailo Volkov discovered a layer of coal in the “burnt mountain” (now the Rudnichny district of Kemerovo). |
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| Chapel of the icon Mother of God"Joy to all who mourn" |
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| September 15, 1993 His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II of Moscow and All Rus' solemnly consecrated the foundation stone for the chapel |
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| "Kolchuginskaya Mine" (Leninsk-Kuznetsky) |
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| The first mention of the settlement of Kolchugino in lists of villages dates back to 1763. |
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| Nature reserves are areas of land or water that are protected by the state and withdrawn from economic use. Nature reserves are formed with the aim of preserving the flora and fauna characteristic of a given area. The reserves are strictly guarded and unauthorized visits are prohibited. First in Russia state reserve appeared in 1916. Currently, there are 204 specially protected areas located and functioning in our country. | |||||||||||||
| The nature in the Kemerovo region is very rich - this is the taiga, where rare relict forests are found; alpine meadows, steppe and forest-steppe; cedar and spruce forests; a lot of lakes and rivers. | |||||||||||||
But every year the state of nature becomes worse. People interfere more and more often in her life. The diversity of animal species is decreasing, forests are disappearing, rivers are drying up, and lakes are becoming swamped. The earth may become uninhabitable for human life if measures are not taken.
There is only one way out - to preserve nature. This can be done with the help of nature reserves, wildlife sanctuaries, national parks, and natural monuments.
The Kemerovo region is located in the southeast of Western Siberia and is almost equidistant from the western and eastern borders of Russia.
Natural resources region, its flora and fauna are huge and diverse. But a person does not always value, uses mercilessly and cares little about preserving these riches.
Therefore, there was a need to organize nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Kuzbass.
On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve of federal significance, the Shorsky national park, the historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve Tomskayapisanitsa and 14 nature reserves.
Reserve
"Kuznetsky Alatau"
Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tysyls. These thousand rise above the forest line.
“Alatau” translated from the Turkic language means “Motley Mountains”. This name accurately reflects the first impression of bright colors Kuznetsk Alatau.
The Kuznetsky Alatau State Nature Reserve was created on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of the Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region.
The terrain of the territory is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and ponds.
The reserve contains the sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the Tom and Chulym rivers.
Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau nature reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian pine.
In deciduous forests there is common meadowsweet, yellow acacia, bird cherry, black cotoneaster and wild rose.
There are many clearings in the fir forests. They grow: tall wrestler, Siberian skerda, variegated thistle, nettle, tall honeysuckle.
Along the valleys of taiga rivers, downy birch, willow, currant, bush alder and rowan grow.
In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve.
The reserve contains 41 species of little-studied and rare birds, the numbers of which are gradually declining.
Typical sedentary inhabitants of the taiga are wood grouse, nutcracker, jay, jay, nuthatch and others.
The reserve's fish fauna consists of 13 species. Siberian grayling and taimen live in mountain rivers.
In slow-moving waters there are pike, perch and burbot.
In the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau there are 5 species of amphibians, but only two have been recorded on the territory of the reserve - the gray toad and the sharp-faced frog. Of the 6 species of reptiles of the Kemerovo region, only two have been discovered within the reserve so far - a viviparous lizard and a common viper.
Pointy-faced frog
The mammal fauna of Kuznetsk Alatau includes 65 species. The majority are inhabitants of the taiga. These are the badger, tiny shrew, otter, Altai mole, chipmunk, red-gray vole and others.
Brown bear, fox, wolf and elk are also widely represented in the forests of the reserve.
A special feature of the Kuznetsk Alatau can be considered the snow cover, which is exceptional in height for the region, reaching an average of 3-5 meters throughout the reserve, and up to 10-15 meters in the intermountain depressions.
The reserve's protection regime allows for the effective protection of non-nomadic animals, such as sable, and the conservation of migratory animals, such as reindeer.
Illegal hunting most seriously affects nomadic species of animals - roe deer, elk, and deer.
Kuznetsk Alatau is a beautiful and unique place!
White snowfields lie next to flowering meadows, the blue sky is reflected in the mirrors of lakes, and snow-white clouds crawl so low that they often cling to the sharp gray peaks of the rocks.
The flora and fauna are amazingly rich and diverse. And how you want to keep it intact and clean, because human activity sometimes causes irreparable damage to nature.
For this purpose, the Kuznetsky Alatau nature reserve was created in the Kemerovo region. Here, endangered plants and animals have finally found protection for themselves!
National Park
"Shorsky"
Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of a decree of the Soviet Government of December 27, 1989.
The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region in the Tashtagol district.
The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.
The park was created with the aim of preserving unique areas of cedar growth, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as preserving the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality.
The territory of the Shorsky National Park is home to a small indigenous nationality of the Turkic-speaking group - the Mountain Shors.
The Shors live mainly in the south of the Kemerovo region, along the banks of the Tom, Mrassu, and Kondoma rivers.
Their number is about 15 thousand people.
Until the 18th century, the Shors were known for their ability to mine and smelt iron ore,
blacksmith craft.
The traditional occupations of the Shors were also hunting, farming, procurement of wild edible plants, fishing and beekeeping.
The Shors also knew how to make pottery, process wood and leather, and weave material.
Ancient legends and tales of Mountain Shoria are part of the national culture of the Shors. They kept their epic for centuries and retold it to each other.
Legends teach that you cannot do evil, you cannot take revenge, you cannot envy; They teach that good always triumphs over evil. We must live in harmony with nature, take care of our loved ones and the fragile world that surrounds us.
Since ancient times, the Shors felt unity with living nature, endowing everything that surrounded them with a soul: mountains, rivers, wind, plants, animals.
Here is one of the legends telling about the origin of the main rivers of Mountain Shoria and Kuzbass.
There was a hunter named Tom in Mountain Shoria. And there was a beautiful girl, the daughter of a rich man. Her name was Mrassu. The guy fell in love with Mrassa and wanted to marry her. But the rich father objected: this was not the kind of groom he wanted for his daughter. Bai sent a hunter to where streams and rivers originate, and made it a river.
Mrassu grieved and cried so much that she herself turned into a river and flowed to her beloved.
On the way, a harsh rock blocked her path. Mrassa's chest was smashed by a rock, and she fell into the river. Huge stones still lie in the river, forming rapids. Mrassu quickly and violently rushes through the taiga and rapids to where it forever merges with Tomyu.
The forest areas of the mid-mountain part of Shoria are almost untouched economic activity and preserved in its original form.
Currently, more than 60 rare and endangered plant species listed in the Red Books of Russia and the Kemerovo region have been identified on the territory of the national park. The leading plants of the national park are cedar, Siberian fir, and aspen.
6 species of birds are also listed in the Red Book: black stork, gray heron, needle-tailed swift, golden eagle, peregrine falcon.
The park is home to about 60 species of mammals. Among them are muskrat, weasel, white hare, squirrel, and musk deer.
There are many natural monuments located on the territory of the national park. One of them is the Saga waterfall.
The Saga waterfall occupies 30,000 square meters. m, located on the Sholbychak stream (left bank of Mrassu) 300 m from the Mrassu river.
An eighteen-meter waterfall falls in several cascades into a small, icy lake.
At the waterfall there is a small grotto that turns into a cave with a very narrow entrance.
"Royal Gate" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the Mrassu River. The rocks are 100 meters high and drop steeply into the water.
They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tint. In cloudy weather they become a moody gray with a purple tint.
Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! The strong, original and talented Shor people have lived here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection.
For this purpose, the State Natural National Park "Shorsky" was created.
Educator : Now tell me what new you learned......(ANSWERS)
Site materials used: , history, culture of Kuzbass)
I picked a flower and it withered.
I caught a beetle - and it died in my palm.
And then I realized that you can only touch beauty with your heart.
Pavol Gvezdoslav, Slovak poet, humanist
2016, Mariinsk
The reserve was founded in 1989.
Unique in Kuznetsk Alatau for inland regions of the northern hemisphere is the existence of small forms of glaciers at unusually low absolute altitudes - 1200-1500 m above sea level. mind. No glaciers have been found in any of the inland regions of the northern hemisphere at similar latitudes. There are 32 glaciers on the territory of the reserve, 6.79 square meters. km. Of these, the largest in Kuzbass is the Glacier of expedition members with an area of 0.3 square meters. km. Located in the vicinity of the Middle Kanym Mountain.
Lake Srednetersinskoe
The deepest lake in Kuzbass. Its depth is 60 meters.
Rybnoye Lake
The largest mountain-glacial lake in the region, its length is 1000 m, width is 500 meters. The Upper Ters River, one of the most beautiful rivers of the reserve, originates from this lake. In the lake
The lake form of grayling inhabits permanently.
Mount Bolshoi Kanym, height 1872 m above sea level. mind.
Mountain Suitcase
The Kiya River originates in the area of the Suitcase char on the eastern slope of the Kuznetsk Alatau, the second source is located on Mount Medvezhiy char.
Mount Suitcase, height – 1357 m above sea level. mind. The remnant of the most ancient relief of the Kuznetsky Alatau ridge. At the foot there is a raised moss bog, on the slopes there are thickets of Radiola rosea and Leuzea sofloridae, here are the summer stations of reindeer, roe deer, and maral. Rare species of birds nest - peregrine falcon, saker falcon.
Krestovskie swamps
Located at the foot of Pestraya Mountain (1347 m above sea level)
Raised bogs with typical vegetation. During spring-autumn migrations, ungulates concentrate here.
The park was organized in 1990. Shorsky National Park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region on the territory of the Tashtagol administrative district. The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km. On the territory of Gornaya Shoria there are 25 natural monuments (geological, water, botanical, complex), of which 6 are the most accessible and visited:
Saga Waterfall
- a unique hydrological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. Saga Waterfall - located in a small canyon 200 meters from the left bank of the Mras-Su River. The Sholbychak stream falls from a height of 15 meters, breaking on the stones, and a lake with a small grotto calms down. There are many rare and medicinal herbs in the canyon.
"Kizas caves"
- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky State Natural National Park. Limestone outcrop on the right bank of the Mras-su River, above the mouth of the Kizas River. Length – about 200 m.
Cave "Nadezhda"
- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. The Nadezhda Cave is located 2.5 km below the mouth of the Kizas River, on the right turn. Length – about 200m.
"Monument to a Soldier"
- a geological natural monument located on the territory of the Shorsky National Park.
Rock "Drinking Elephant"
- a geological natural monument on the territory of the Shorsky National Park. Located on the left bank of the Mrassu River.
Vaucluse "Kabuk"
- hydrological natural monument. The Vaucluse is a large spring fed by karst groundwater.
The Tomsk Pisanitsa Museum-Reserve today is a dynamically developing modern multidisciplinary cultural complex that successfully combines museum specifics. In 20 years, practically from scratch, it has turned into a real museum of the 21st century and is rightfully the pride of Kuzbass.
The rock on which the drawings of ancient people are preserved
Ancient sanctuary.
View of the Tom River.
Other unusual exhibits of the reserve.
There is just a temple
There is a temple of science
And there is also a temple of nature,
With scaffolding reaching out
Towards the sun and winds.
He is holy at any time of the year,
Open to us in hot and cold weather.
Come here, be a little hearty,
Do not desecrate his shrines.
A. Smirnov
We are immensely rich
In our thickets and groves
So many different birds
You're just amazed.
And, of course, it’s alarming
That sometimes we are godless
We don't keep what we have
We do not spare, we do not regret,
Not responsible for anything.
Like the smallest thing
To us on this planet
All that remains is to live and rule.
Not like the owners,
This is how we destroy our good.
And we are proud of nature
And we love the fatherland.
Bibliography
1. Atlas of the Kemerovo region.
2. Kovrigina, the world of Kuzbass and its protection: [Text] / , . – Kemerovo, 1995. – 111 p.
3. Soloviev, Kemerovo region. Nature [Text] / . – Kemerovo: Kuzbass”; , 2006. – 384 p.
4. Soloviev, notebook on the region: creative assignments on the geography of the native land for students in grades 6-10 of educational institutions in the Kemerovo region [Text] /. – Kemerovo, 2003. – 184 p.
Electronic resources
1. http://ecokem. ru
2. http://krasivye-mesta. ru
3. http://shpilenok.
4. http://subscribe. ru
5. http://trasa. ru
The Kemerovo region is located in the southern part of Western Siberia, formed on January 26, 1943. Area 95.7 thousand square meters. kilometers, population 2885 thousand people. BUT PERSON DOESN'T ALWAYS TREASURE, USES RELENTLY AND CARES LITTLE ABOUT PRESERVING THESE RICHES.
“Tomskaya Pisanitsa” Kuznetsk Alatau Therefore, there was a need to organize nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries in Kuzbass. On the territory of the Kemerovo region there are: the Kuznetsky Alatau federal reserve, the Shorsky national park, the Tomskaya Pisanitsa historical, cultural and natural museum-reserve and 14 nature reserves. Shorsky Park
Kuznetsk Alatau is a mountain system, the eastern spur of the Altai Mountains. It consists of mountain ranges with elongated peaks - tysyls. These thousand rise above the forest line. “Alatau” translated from the Turkic language means “Motley Mountains”. This name accurately reflects the first impression of the bright colors of Kuznetsk Alatau. Chulym Tom State Nature Reserve "Kuznetsky Alatau" was created on December 27, 1989 in the central part of the mountain range of the same name, on the territory of the Tisulsky, Mezhdurechensky and Novokuznetsky districts of the Kemerovo region. The terrain of the territory is mountainous. Most of the area is occupied by forests. There are alpine meadows and ponds.
The reserve contains the sources of the largest tributaries of the Ob - the Tom and Chulym rivers. Most of the Kuznetsk Alatau nature reserve is covered with mountain taiga forests of fir, spruce and Siberian pine. Spruce Cedar pine Siberian fir
In "Kuznetsky Alatau" you can see about three hundred species of birds, two hundred and nine of them nest in the reserve. The reserve contains 41 species of little-studied and rare birds, the numbers of which are gradually declining. Typical sedentary inhabitants of the taiga are wood grouse, nutcracker, jay, jay, nuthatch and others. The reserve's fish fauna consists of 13 species. Siberian grayling and taimen live in mountain rivers. In slow-moving waters there are pike, perch and burbot. In the spurs of the Kuznetsk Alatau there are 5 species of amphibians, but only two have been recorded on the territory of the reserve - the gray toad and the sharp-faced frog. Of the 6 species of reptiles of the Kemerovo region, only two have been discovered within the reserve so far - a viviparous lizard and a common viper.
Shorsky National Park Shorsky National Park was organized in 1990 on the basis of a decree of the Soviet Government of December 27, 1989. The park is located in the south of the Kemerovo region in the Tashtagol district. The length of the national park territory from north to south is 110 km, from east to west 90 km.
The park was created with the aim of preserving unique areas of cedar growth, black taiga in Mountain Shoria, as well as preserving the cultural heritage of the indigenous Shor nationality.
The forest areas of the mid-mountain part of Shoria are almost unaffected by economic activity and are preserved in their original form.
"Royal Gate" - picturesque rocks on the right bank of the Mrassu River. The rocks are 100 meters high and drop steeply into the water. They are composed of marbled limestones. The color of the rocks changes depending on the weather and lighting. In sunny, clear weather, the rocks are light - white with a pinkish tint. In cloudy weather they become a moody gray with a purple tint.
Mountain Shoria is a beautiful corner of Kuzbass nature! The strong, original and talented Shor people have lived here for a long time. But now he and nature need help and protection. For this purpose, the State Natural National Park "Shorsky" was created.