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Where do irregular verbs in English come from?
The very name “irregular verbs” is incorrect from a historical point of view. It is those verbs that we now call irregular that came to us from ancient times. in English(VI-XI centuries), which even then had a strict grammatical system, and was much more complex than modern English. In particular, all verbs in Old English were conjugated, i.e. their forms changed according to certain rules. Moreover, there were several types of conjugations. One verb had to be conjugated in one way, the other in another. There was also a so-called “root type of conjugation”, where when the form of the verb changed, the vowel sound in the root of the word changed, which may well be reminiscent of the differences between the 3 forms of the verb in modern English.
Thus, irregular verbs in modern English are precisely the remnants of the conjugation system of Old English verbs: a system that existed until 1066, when the Normans came to British soil. For the 300 years following the Norman Conquest, the Norman kings and nobility spoke only a language called Anglo-Norman (a variety of French). English remained the language ordinary people. During all this time, the development of the English language followed the path of simplification. Endings disappeared; numerous options for denoting the past tense in different cases and persons were replaced by one single ending - ed. Verbs that followed the new rules began to be called regular (regular), in Russian we call them “correct”. Absolutely all new borrowings appearing in English were subject to these new rules; however, many verbs from Old English ceased to obey the previous grammatical system.
The system gradually collapsed and only the most ancient and most frequently used verbs survived and retained their ancient grammar. They began to be called irregular (irregular), and in Russian incorrect. Although, for example, in the USA some of these verbs have also become regular, while in England they still remain on the list of irregular verbs:
- learnt, burnt, spelt, knelt - used in Great Britain
- learned, burned, spelled, knelted - in the USA
The processes of language simplification proceeded naturally, easily and painlessly, until in the 17th-18th centuries linguists intervened in the natural course of language development, consolidating the current situation in the grammars of that time. Moreover, they believed that the processes of language simplification that were taking place were a sign of degradation, not progress. It can be assumed that without their intervention there would be much fewer irregular verbs in modern English. However, the almost universal spread of education in England at that time cemented in the minds of people the language system of that time described by linguists and did not allow the language to be simplified further, at least at the same rate as in the period following the Norman Conquest.
Stas Mikhailov in London Fearless romantic and conqueror of millions of hearts Stas Mikhailov invites us to his birthday. He is 50. But this is not the time to take stock, but only a short stop along the way to reflect on the stages passed and take a breath. But not alone, but with friends and everyone with whom he has a long-standing mutual love. Let there be even more of them.
The most successful star of our time, LOBODA, is on a European tour for the first time! Having just recently become a mother, the bright and tireless Svetlana Loboda will bring her “Space Show”, which will give even the most sophisticated viewers a lot of impressions and pleasure. LOBODA does not follow fashion trends, it sets them. Pop is a queen, woman is a provocation. The singer is never afraid of experiments and prefers bright images, which later become the “hottest”. LOBODA is like a chameleon in fashion - you never know what her style will be tomorrow.
Modal verbs in English are a class auxiliary verbs. Modal verbs are used to express ability, necessity, certainty, possibility or likelihood. We use modal verbs if we talk about abilities or possibilities, ask or give permission, ask, offer, etc. Modal verbs are not used independently, but only with the infinitive of the main verb as a compound predicate.
Irregular verb trainer
The English irregular verb trainer will help you remember their spelling and meaning. Fill in the empty cells. If you spelled it correctly, the word will change color from red to green. Refresh the page or click the "Start Again" button and you will see the new order of empty cells. Train again!
Spoken English: agreement and disagreement These phrases will be useful to you when preparing for the speaking part of international English exams. In the exam, you will be required to show that you have mastered the skill of arguing and interacting with an interlocutor in English. Agreement That "s exactly how I feel. No doubt about it. You have a point there. I was just going to say that.
Cognates words in English | 09/01/2015
Cognates words in English. One of the ways to more effectively expand your vocabulary is to work with words of the same root – word families. This method makes the extension vocabulary more meaningful and avoids mindless cramming.
Direct and indirect speech in English | 09.12.2015
In indirect speech in English, the “step back” rule is often used, when the present tense of the verb, when translating direct speech into indirect speech, changes to simple past, simple past to present perfect, present perfect to past perfect.
The developer of the irregular verb trainer wrote it when he couldn’t find anything like it in the App Store. Unlike other English learning apps, Irregular verbs trainer only serves to memorize irregular verbs, but it does an excellent job of this task. The program works as follows.
There are three learning modes available: Simple Test, Mixed Test and Place Words. In a simple test, the user is shown the first form of a verb and asked to enter the second and third.
In a mixed test, the third form is shown, and the second and first forms must be remembered by yourself. In the Place Words mode, three forms of the verb are presented on the screen. The user needs to correctly determine which form is which. Although the tasks are similar, they use different approaches, which helps memorize verbs.
In each test, statistics of correct answers are kept. If you answer incorrectly, the training ends. Also, Irregular verbs trainer remembers the number of correct answers in a row and shows your record, which motivates you to answer correctly.
The application is quite simple and does the job. The only thing I can complain about is the somewhat unintuitive choice of matching verbs to forms in the “Rank Words” mode. Otherwise, the Irregular verbs trainer really helps.
Draw results
As promised, we gave away nine promotional codes for the application, choosing the winners using Random.org. They became:
- Hedgehog in Panama
- Artem
- Sangul
- Dmitriy84
- Rinat
- Novel
- Sangul
- Andrey
- Iryna
We congratulate the guys and ask them to check their email, and we thank everyone else for participating!
The developer of the irregular verb trainer wrote it when he couldn’t find anything like it in the App Store. Unlike other apps for learning English, Irregular verbs trainer only serves to memorize irregular verbs, but it does an excellent job of this task. The program works as follows.
There are three learning modes available: Simple Test, Mixed Test and Place Words. In a simple test, the user is shown the first form of a verb and asked to enter the second and third.
In a mixed test, the third form is shown, and the second and first forms must be remembered by yourself. In the Place Words mode, three forms of the verb are presented on the screen. The user needs to correctly determine which form is which. Although the tasks are similar, they use different approaches, which helps memorize verbs.
In each test, statistics of correct answers are kept. If you answer incorrectly, the training ends. Also, Irregular verbs trainer remembers the number of correct answers in a row and shows your record, which motivates you to answer correctly.
The application is quite simple and does the job. The only thing I can complain about is the somewhat unintuitive choice of matching verbs to forms in the “Rank Words” mode. Otherwise, the Irregular verbs trainer really helps.
Draw results
As promised, we gave away nine promotional codes for the application, choosing the winners using Random.org. They became:
- Hedgehog in Panama
- Artem
- Sangul
- Dmitriy84
- Rinat
- Novel
- Sangul
- Andrey
- Iryna
We congratulate the guys and ask them to check their email, and we thank everyone else for participating!
1. Find the irregular verbs in the following list and give all three forms of these verbs.
come – want – use – give – eat – read – finish – take – try – ask – begin – help – let – play – leave – know – seem – work – think – swim – move – live – run – bring
2. Find the 2nd and 3rd forms of irregular verbs in the text and distribute them into the appropriate columns.
II form III form
Chris is a professional artist. He fell in love with drawing when he was 3 years old. He spent all days long in the garden with a box of crayons and a drawing-pad. Now he has already sold more than 200 of his paintings. He has taken part in the International exhibition of modern artists this year and has won praise as the youngest artist there. Two years ago Chris met a nice girl, Anna. So last Saturday they got married and today they have flown to the Maldives.
3. Put the verbs from brackets into form II and translate the sentences.
1. He... (drive) his grandfather to the doctor.
2. Jack... (wear) a strange red tie.
3. Little Greg… (blow) out 5 candles on his birthday cake.
4. They… (hold) an opera festival in August.
5. We accidentally… (break) the umbrella.
6. My daughter… (lose) her way in a new city.
7. My mother… (make) vanilla pancakes in the morning.
9. Our cat... (catch) three mice in the garden.
10. I... (go) to the ballet school in my childhood.
4. Put the verbs from brackets into III form and translate the sentences.
1. My brother has… (take) his girlfriend to a Mexican restaurant.
2. Sam has… (fly) to Iceland
3. Susan has… (find) two interesting jobs at the agency this week.
4. I have already… (send) you about ten messages.
5. We have just… (meet) Mr. Jackson at the airport.
6. Where has your teacher... (go)?
7. Which wedding hat have you… (choose)?
8. Has Rachel ever … (be) abroad?
9. The train has just… (leave) the station.
10. I haven’t … (tell) her anything.
Answers:
come – came – come
give – gave – given
eat – ate – eaten
read – read – read
take – took – taken
begin – began – begun
let – let – let
leave – left – left
know – knew – known
think – thought – thought
swim – swam – swum
run - run - run
bring – brought – brought
II form III form
1. drove (He took grandfather to the doctor.)
2. wore (Jack wore a strange red tie.)
3. blew (Little Greg blew out 5 candles on the birthday cake.)
4. held (They held an opera festival in August.)
5. broke (We accidentally broke the umbrella.)
6. lost (My daughter got lost in a new city.)
7. made (My mother prepared vanilla pancakes in the morning.)
8. wrote (Mary wrote a long note in her diary.)
9. caught (Our cat caught three mice in the garden.)
10. went (I went to ballet school as a child.)
4.
1. taken (My brother took his girlfriend to a Mexican restaurant.)
2. flown (Sam flew to Iceland today.)
3. found (Susan found two interesting jobs at the agency this week.)
4. sent (I have already sent you about 10 messages.)
5. met (We just met Mr. Jackson at the airport.)
6. gone (Where did your teacher go?)
7. chosen (Which wedding hat did you choose?)
8. been (Has Rachel ever been abroad?)
9. left (The train has just left the station.)
10. told (I didn't tell her anything.)
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