Which was created more than 4000 years ago. The simple production of a tangram makes this puzzle even more popular. The puzzle consists of 7 parts: 3 triangles (2 large, 1 medium), a square and a parallelogram, which altogether form one large square. If you add up all 7 tangram fragments, you can get a wide variety of figures, the outlines of which resemble various items everyday life, buildings, animals and even people.
Diversity
Check out the assembled flat tangram puzzle pieces, photos of which are given below. In everyday life you can find various names for this board game, such as: "constructor from geometric shapes", "cardboard puzzle", "cut puzzle".
Popularity and variability
The idea of designing from tangram elements can be found in numerous shows by famous designers and in bold landscape design solutions. The most popular use is in the design and construction of furniture. For example, transforming tangram tables, upholstered and cabinet furniture, etc. The popularity of furniture built according to this principle is explained by its practicality and convenience. After all, it can be modified at the slightest desire of the owner. The happy owner of tangram furniture with his own hands will be able to radically change the interior of the room at any time.
There are a huge number of variations that can be assembled from triangular and quadrangular shelves. When purchasing such furniture, the buyer receives auxiliary instructions with various pictures and figures that can be obtained using these shelves.
Benefits of the puzzle
But first of all, tangram is a fascinating tool for thinking of a person, especially a child. A DIY tangram is one of the best ways parents can spend time with their children. The puzzle will help your child acquire skills in analyzing images, identifying geometric shapes, breaking an object into parts and composing parts into a whole.
Instructions
The process of creating a tangram is simple. The cost of this puzzle is low. Do-it-yourself tangrams are often made from white or colored cardboard. For example, you can use cardboard from an office folder, boxes from any household appliances, colored cardboard for schoolchildren. A more practical and durable version can be made from plastic. A template must be applied to any of the proposed surfaces and cut out. Let us note that it takes a small amount of time to create a tangram puzzle with your own hands, the diagram of which is given below and can be used as a template.
Having cut out the elements according to the template, you get a ready-made tangram with which you can start playing. Together with your child, you can choose from a variety of samples an interesting contour for you and put together a figure, which should consist of all seven parts of the tangram, not overlapping each other. Using the same principle, you can come up with your own figures. For the little ones, draw samples on paper and assemble the elements like a mosaic.
Creating a tangram puzzle with your own hands will allow you to have fun and usefully spend your free time!
The educational puzzle game “Tangram” is an interesting activity for both children and adults. You can introduce children to it for the first time at 3-4 years old. The game has no upper age limit. Perhaps you yourself will enjoy racking your brains with the ingenious Tangram figures. This is a game that develops children's combinatorial abilities, imagination, attention and the ability to act according to instructions. In addition, “Tangram” will also become a finger exerciser for kids.
The player’s task in the educational game “Tangram” is to put together figures from puzzle pieces so that, firstly, all parts of the puzzle are used, and, secondly, the parts do not overlap each other. The figures can be turned over as desired, placed with either side up. That, in fact, are all the rules.
For children of different ages and developmental tasks in the game “Tangram” should be different.
Tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children 3-6 years old
For children 3-4 years old, a rather difficult task will be to apply tangram figures to a ready-made sample (answer) of the puzzle. At the same time, children need to compare the size and shape of the figures, find the correct position, and accurately placing the figure on the basis of a hint is not as easy as it seems. Naturally, the figures on the card must exactly match the sizes of the toy figures.
The same tasks should be used with older children, starting to introduce them to this educational game. It is enough to give two or three such tasks and, if the child copes with them easily, you can move on to more complex tasks.
Tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children 5-8 years old
Children of this age will be able to put together models from tangram figures next to the answer card. In this case, the card may not correspond to the actual dimensions of the tangram parts. As soon as the child can easily cope with such tasks, you can move on to the next stage.
Tasks of the educational game "Tangram" for children aged seven years and older.
Actually, this is where “Tangram” becomes a puzzle game. The child is asked to assemble the model, presenting only a card with the silhouette of the figure. At seven years old, children will be able to cope with such a task only if they have already played easier versions before.
Creative tasks for the educational game “Tangram”
When the children have already learned how to put together puzzle game figures, you can invite them to try to come up with their own task figures. If you are playing with adult children aged 10-12 years, then you should ask them to sketch such figures in two versions - in silhouette and with hint lines. You can ask a topic. For example, animals of Africa. And organize a competition for the most interesting figure. If the children are still small and cannot sketch the invented figures themselves, then sketch them yourself or take a photograph so that the idea does not disappear.
Making an educational game "Tangram"
Making a “Tangram” with your own hands is very easy. Take two sheets of colored cardboard and firmly glue them together. Then place under a press, dry and cut out a square. Traditionally, the size of the square for the Tangram game was 8x8 cm. But you can make it any size. Cut the square according to the diagram. 
Scheme for cutting a square for the educational puzzle game "Tangram"
In China and Europe in the 17th-19th centuries, this game was made of ivory or wood. It’s unlikely that you have ivory lying around, but it’s very possible. Kids will especially love this toy.
The history of the puzzle game "Tangram"
The history of the Tangram puzzle game is shrouded in mystery. The most widespread legend says that it was invented in China, 4000 years ago, by a certain deity named Tang - a myth invented and launched “to the people” by the American chess player Samuel Loyd. Lloyd was generally the inventor of a wide variety of puzzles. You are probably familiar with one of them. This is a puzzle game called "Tag".
Only one thing can be said for sure about the true history of the creation of the Tangram puzzle game - it was invented in China, most likely in the 18th century. At least the first book about this game was published in China in 1803. By the way, the Chinese do not have a game called “Tangram”; it is called Chi-Chao-Tyu, which translates as “a clever pattern of seven parts.” The puzzle game was brought to America by Chinese sailors. And from America it already came to Europe, where it received its name “Tangram” (“tan” is Chinese, “gram” is a letter).
Figures for the game tangram
Animal figures for the tangram game:
Ostrich tangram 
Tangram bird
Rooster tangram
Fox tangram
Tangram chicken
Goose tangram
Tangram dog
Tangram fish
Swan tangram
Tangram cat
Tangram hare
This is an ancient Chinese game. If you divide the square into seven geometric shapes, as shown in the figure, then from them you can create a huge number (several hundred) of a wide variety of silhouettes: a person, household items, toys, various types transport, numbers, letters.
The game is very easy to make. A square (its size can be almost any: 5×5, 7×7, 10×10, 12×12 cm, etc.) made of cardboard or plastic, equally colored on both sides, is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square equal in size to two small triangles, and a parallelogram equal in area to a square.
Rules of the game:
1. Each assembled figure must include all seven elements.
2. When composing figures, elements should not overlap each other.
3. The elements of the figures must be adjacent to one another.
When making silhouettes, the adult constantly reminds the children that they need to use all parts of the set, attaching them tightly to each other.
An adult can use some techniques that will help a preschooler achieve the best results: offer an analysis of the sample as a whole or its most complex part, indicate the location of one or two figures in the silhouette being compiled, start laying out, and then invite the child to finish the silhouette or, conversely, complete it , which was started by a child. You should constantly confirm the correctness of the child’s train of thought and actions, encourage him to plan the course of his work, discuss methods of laying out and results, encourage the desire to complete the work started, overcoming difficulties in achieving the goal, fulfilling the plan.
Helping a child should be tactful, encouraging independence, activity, perseverance, and proactive actions leading to achieving results. It is better to avoid direct instructions on what and how to do. The following advice to children is appropriate: “Look (examine) the picture carefully. What shapes is it made of?”, “Try to do it again, but in a different way,” “Remember how you laid it out last time, and start the same way,” “First, think carefully, and then do it.”
The game “Tangram” arouses great interest in children, promotes the development of analytical, synthetic and planning activities, opens up new opportunities for improving sensory skills, developing creative, productive thinking, as well as moral and volitional qualities of the individual.
The history of this game is interesting. Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the middle-aged Emperor of China gave birth to a long-awaited son and heir. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years. The boy took great pleasure in playing with toys all day long. And then the emperor called to himself three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, another became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher. And he ordered them to come up with a game, by playing with which, his son would comprehend the principles of mathematics, learn to look at the world through the gaze of an artist, he would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would also understand that complex things are often made up of simple things. Three wise men came up with “Shi-Chao-Tyu” - a square cut into seven parts.
Stages of mastering the game "Tangram"
First stage - familiarization with the set of figures for the game, transforming them in order to create a new one from 2-3 existing ones.
I.
Target. Exercise children in comparing triangles by size, making new geometric shapes from them: squares, quadrangles, triangles.
Material: The children have sets of figures for the game “Tangram”, the teacher has a flannelograph and a set of figures for it.
Progress. The teacher invites the children to look at a set of figures, name them, count them and identify them. total. Gives tasks:
1. Select all triangles and count. Compare by size, placing one on top of the other.
Questions for analysis: “How many large triangles of the same size are there? How many little ones? Compare this triangle (medium size) with the large and small ones. (It is larger than the smallest and smaller than the largest available.) How many triangles are there and what size are they?” (Two large, 2 small and 1 medium sized.)
2. Take 2 large triangles and make them up in sequence: square, triangle, quadrangle. One of the children makes figures on a flannelgraph. The teacher asks to name the newly obtained figure and say what figures it is made of.
3. Make the same shapes from 2 small triangles, placing them differently in space.
4. Make a quadrilateral from large and medium-sized triangles.
Questions for analysis: “What figure will we make? How? (Let’s attach the middle one to the large triangle or vice versa.) Show the sides and angles of the quadrilateral, each individual figure.”
As a result, the teacher generalizes: “You can make different new shapes from triangles - squares, quadrangles, triangles. The figures join one another on the sides.” (Shows on flannelgraph)
II.
Target. To train children in the ability to create new geometric shapes from existing ones according to a model and design.
Material: for children - sets of figures for the game "Tangram". The teacher has a flannelgraph and tables with geometric figures depicted on them.
Progress. Children, having examined the figures, divide them according to the teacher’s instructions into 2 groups: triangles and quadrangles.
The teacher explains that this is a set of figures for a game, it is called a puzzle or tangram; so she was named after the scientist; who invented the game. You can create many interesting images.
1.Make a quadrilateral from the large and middle triangles.
2.Make a new figure from a square and 2 small triangles. (First - a square, then - a quadrangle.).
3.Make a new figure from 2 large and medium triangles. (Pentagon and quadrilateral.)
4. The teacher shows the tables and asks the children to make the same figures (see figure). Children consistently make figures, tell how they made them, and name them.
The teacher composes them on a flannelgraph.
The task is given to compose several figures according to the children’s own ideas.
So, at the first stage of mastering the game “Tangram”, a series of exercises are carried out aimed at developing in children spatial concepts, elements of geometric imagination, at developing practical skills in composing new figures by attaching one of them to another, the ratio of the sides of the figures in size. The tasks are modified. Children make new figures according to a model, an oral assignment, or a plan. They are asked to complete the task in terms of presentation, and then practically: “What figure can be made from 2 triangles and 1 square? Say it first, then make it up.”
Second phase - drawing up silhouette figures based on dissected samples. The second stage of working with children is the most important for them to learn more complex ways of composing figures in the future. Games should be effectively used by the teacher not only for the purpose of practicing the arrangement of parts of a composed figure, but also to familiarize children with visual and mental analysis sample.
Drawing a silhouette figure of a hare
Target. Teach children to analyze the way the parts are arranged, to compose a silhouette figure, focusing on the model.
Material: for children - a set of figures for the game “Tangram”, sample.
Progress. The teacher shows the children a sample silhouette figure of a hare (see figure) and says: “Look carefully at the hare and tell me how it is composed. What geometric shapes are the hare’s body, head, and legs made of?” It is necessary to name the figure and its size, since the triangles that make up the hare (shows) are of different sizes; invites several children to answer.
R. The hare's head is made of a square, the ear is made of a quadrangle, the body is made of two triangles, and the paws are also made of triangles.
IN. Did Kolya say it correctly? If you notice any errors, correct them.
The teacher asks another child to tell.
R. The body should be made of 2 large triangles, the paw (this one) should be made of a middle triangle and a small one, and the other one should be made of a small triangle.
IN. Now look at what geometric figure 2 large triangles form. Show the sides and angles of this figure.
R. This is a quadrilateral (shows its outline, counts the angles, sides).
IN. What shape does the middle and small triangle form together?
R. This is a quadrangle, here (shows) not like a rectangle.
IN. So we looked at how a hare is composed, what shapes the body, head, and paws are made of. Now take your sets and make them. Whoever completes the task, check whether it was completed correctly.
After the figure is compiled, the teacher asks two children to tell how they composed the figure, that is, name the location of the component parts in order.
R. I made it up like this: the head and ear are from a square and a quadrangle, the body is from 2 large triangles, the paws are from a medium and small triangle, and 1 paw is from a small triangle.
R. My ear is made of a quadrangle, my head is made of a square, my paw is made of a triangle, my body is made of large triangles, my paws - these ones - are made of 2 triangles.
In this case, the analysis of the sample was carried out under the guidance of a teacher. In the future, children should be encouraged to independently analyze the figure and compose it.
Third stage mastering the game - recreating figures based on contour patterns (undivided)
Recreating the silhouette figure of a running goose
Target. Teach children to presumably tell the way the parts are arranged in the figure they are composing, and to plan the course of the composition.
Material: sets of figures for the game “Tangram”, flannelgraph, sample, board and chalk.
Progress. The teacher draws the children’s attention to the sample: “Look carefully at this sample. The figure of a running goose can be made from 7 parts of the game. We must first tell you how this can be done. What geometric shapes can be used to make the body, head, neck, and legs of a goose?”
R. I think that the body is made up of 2 large triangles, the head is made of a small triangle, the neck is made of a square, and the paws are triangles.
R. I think that the head is made from the middle triangle, and then everything is the same as Lena said.
R. The head is from a middle triangle, the neck is from a square, and the body is from 2 large triangles, this is how they lie (shows), and a quadrangle, and the legs are from small triangles.
IN. Take the shapes and make them. And we will find out which of the guys is right.
After most of the children have made a silhouette of a goose, the teacher calls one child, who draws the location of the parts with chalk on the board. All children compare the figures they have made with the image on the board.
In the future, it is possible to analyze a sample of a composing figure not at the beginning of the lesson, but during it, when children test various ways of composing on the basis of a supposed independent analysis.
Fourth stage - exercises in composing images according to your own plans. Having decided to compose any image, mentally, in terms of representation, they divide it into its component parts, correlating them with the shape of tangrams, and then compose it.
Tangram game (Chinese: “seven boards of skill” Wikipedia) - a puzzle consisting of seven flat figures, which are folded in a certain way to obtain another, more complex figure (depicting a person, animal, household item, letter or number, etc.).
Both adults and children are now fascinated by puzzle games. Puzzle game - tangram helps to develop logical thinking, geometric intuition, stimulates various thought processes- comparison, generalization, establishment of sequence, determination of the “whole” - “part” relationship. All these skills are necessary for the full development of children’s brain activity.
This puzzle game is very easy to make. A square of 8 x 8 cm can be cut from various materials: cardboard, plastic. The square is cut into 7 parts. The result is 2 large, 1 medium and 2 small triangles, a square and a parallelogram. It is necessary that the parts are painted equally on both sides.
The figure that needs to be obtained is usually specified in the form of a silhouette or an external contour. When solving the puzzle, two conditions must be met: first, you must use all seven tangram shapes, and second, the shapes must not overlap each other.
For classes with young children, as a rule, diagrams are used to superimpose tangram figures. Here we want to tell you how we worked using the material .
Educational sheets with tangram patterns in this set are presented in 2 versions: color and outline. In addition, on each piece of paper there is a poem about a number and a task for fine motor skills - shading the outline of a number. The set also includes a diagram of a multi-colored tangram for making it yourself with instructions.
Color schemes for activities with young children - from 2 years old. And since we are already 3.5 years old, we have printed out and used only tangram contour diagrams.
Schemes for tangrams for children
We used this tangram pattern, printed it on thick paper, folded and glued it, and then cut the tangram square into pieces.
To download this tangram pattern for yourself, just right-click on the picture and click “Save picture as.”
As a result, we got this double-sided colored tangram.
Schemes for tangrams for children
Then we started working with patterns for tangrams - numbers.
There is a piece of paper in front of the child, I read him a poem, then he begins to shade the outline of the number.
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
After the outline of the figure is ready, he begins to lay out the figure from the parts of the tangram.
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Then we move on to the next number, read a poem about the number 1, shade the outline of the number and move on to the tangram.
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
So sequentially we laid out all the numbers from 0 to 9, and then moved on to the sheets of paper. 
This set of leaves also comes in 2 versions: color and outline, each leaf also has coloring and writing.
We chose 3 diagrams from the set: with a house, a rocket and an airplane, and the child laid them out from the details.
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
If you liked these leaflets - diagrams, then go to the site , there you will find many more useful educational materials for conducting activities with children at home, in kindergarten and early development schools.
And now a few more photos of how we laid out numbers from parts of the tangram. Good luck to you and your baby!
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes - numbers for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
Schemes for tangrams for children
Tangram is a puzzle that consists of a square cut into 7 parts in a certain way. For preschoolers, tangram is a great lesson to prepare for school. And at the age of 5 - 6 years, children love to play. They are interested in picture puzzles.
The goal of the game is to assemble figures of people, animals, birds, numbers, objects from tangram parts...
Tangram game rules:
- The assembled figure must include all seven parts.
- The parts must not overlap each other.
- The parts must be adjacent to each other.
Tangram scheme
(print possible in Word, download file by clicking on the picture with the mouse)
Tangram parts
This is the tangram itself; invented pictures are obtained from its parts. You can buy it, but you can easily make it yourself using the construction diagram. The drawing can be printed on colored paper on a printer or drawn yourself using a ruler. Cut out puzzle pieces from colored paper. Then, laying out the desired figure, glue it onto a thick sheet.
An example of a diagram of a dog - made by 1st grade students for a math and technology lesson.
The tangram game for children can be played at several levels of difficulty. It’s better to start with the simplest thing - lay out the figure according to the sample.
Scheme - rocket
This is how you can make a house out of a tangram.
At the second stage, you can invite children to lay out the figures in a continuous pattern.
And the third level, the most difficult: come up with your own figures that look like people, animals, birds. We offer pictures created by children.
Tangram pattern - fox
Hare and camel
Scheme - man
Figures - fish
Print the diagram of tangram animals.
(fox, cat, hare, camel, horse, dog)
Print the tangram numbers diagram
(Clicking on the image will download a Word document file in docx format, which can be printed using Word)
There are various legends about the appearance of the tangram. Here is one of them...
Almost two and a half thousand years ago, the middle-aged Emperor of China gave birth to a long-awaited son and heir. Years passed. The boy grew up healthy and smart beyond his years. One thing worried the old emperor: his son, the future ruler of a huge country, did not want to study. The boy found it more enjoyable to play with toys all day long.
The emperor called to himself three wise men, one of whom was known as a mathematician, another became famous as an artist, and the third was a famous philosopher, and ordered them to come up with a game, by playing with which, his son would comprehend the principles of mathematics, learn to look at the world around him with the gaze of an artist , would become patient, like a true philosopher, and would understand that complex things are often made up of simple things.
Three wise men came up with "Shi-Chao-Tyu" - a square cut into seven parts.
Many shapes can be made from tangram parts. You can invite your child to make, for example, transport - a boat, an airplane, figures - fencers, a rooster, a pelican, a tree, a candle.