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Reserves Khabarovsk Territory Completed by: Nezhdanova Kristina Lepnina Daria Romanova Anya Vidyakina Alina Padalko Roman
Komsomolsky Reserve
The Komsomolsky Nature Reserve is located in the basin of the Gorin River, a large left tributary of the Amur River, in the Khabarovsk Territory. The reserve was founded in 1963. The relief of the territory is low-mountain, smooth, the watersheds are flat, completely covered with forest. Modern territory The reserve includes both mountain ranges and riverine lowlands. On average, the height of the mountains is 500 meters above sea level. Highest point reserve - Mount Chokkety (about 800 m). The reserve is located at the mouth of the Gorin River basin, a left tributary of the Amur. In addition to the mouth of the Gorin with its tributaries, the reserve includes a 100-meter strip of the Amur riverbed. In the floodplains of these rivers there are many lakes and oxbow lakes. Most lakes are small and shallow. Most large lake- Scourge. Its length is about 2.5 km, width more than 1 km, depth up to 2 meters. The territory of the reserve is located in the zone of influence of the Far Eastern monsoons. Winters are usually cold, with little snow, summers are cool and rainy. The average January temperature is -25ºС (minimum -50ºС), July +20ºС (maximum +35ºС).
Dzhugdzhursky reserve
The reserve was created in 1990 to protect the undisturbed mountain-taiga landscapes of Priokhotsk with their inherent flora and fauna, as well as the marine ecosystems of the south of the Sea of Okhotsk and marine mammals, places of migratory gatherings of birds. The territory of the reserve includes central part the Dzhugdzhur ridge and the southern part of the Coastal ridge.
The vegetation features of the protected area are determined by the harsh climatic conditions western part of the Sea of Okhotsk. According to botanists, the largest center of endemism is located on the coast of the Ayano-Maisky region, that is, many of the plants growing here are found nowhere else. Three species of plants in the reserve are listed in the Red Book of Russia. These are Lady's slipper grandiflora, Valerian ayanskaya and Borodinia Teelinga. The most common animals in the reserve are brown bear, sable, and wolverine. Rock grouse are also common. Typical Arctic species are also represented: ptarmigan, rough-legged buzzard, and Central Asian ones: bighorn sheep, black-capped marmot, mountain pipit. In the coastal part of the Sea of Okhotsk, a variety of pinnipeds are found: ringed seal (akiba), spotted seal (spotted seal), piebald seal (lionfish), sea hare(lakhtak).
Botchinsky Reserve
In 1982, in the Russian Far East in the river basin. In Botchi, a reserve of regional significance with an area of 239 thousand hectares was organized. In 1984, according to the plan for the development of a network of reserves in Russia until the year 2000, the scientific community of the region made a justification for the need to create a reserve on the basis of an existing reserve. As a result of detailed expeditionary studies of the biological diversity of the Khabarovsk Territory, the Botchinsky Nature Reserve was created in 1994 in the Sovetsko-Gavansky district on the site of an existing reserve. The area of the Botchinsky Reserve is 267,380 hectares, it is located 120 km south of the city of Sovetskaya Gavan.
The Botchinsky Nature Reserve is located in an area where inhabitants of the north and south coexist. In the north, forests are dominated by conifers: larch, spruce, fir. Representatives of the Manchurian taiga include: Amur grapes, Korean cedar, pointed yew, and ginseng. Larch forests are developed in the upper reaches of the tributaries of the Ikha and Mulpa rivers. Thickets of dwarf cedar are found at the headwaters of the Botchi River and its tributaries. Fir-spruce forests are most common in the watershed between the Nelma and Botchi rivers and at its source. Among the plants listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation, lady's slipper grandiflora, leafless mullet, and obovate peony are found here. Among the mammals, elk is widespread, and there are wapiti, musk deer, wolverine, reindeer, and brown bear. But the white-breasted bear is considered here rare species. The Botchinsky Reserve is the northernmost permanent habitat of the Amur tiger, the number of which is here in last years ranges from 4 to 6 individuals. Of the birds listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, the mandarin duck, Steller's and white-tailed eagle, osprey, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, and fish owl are noted. Black stork and black crane are also seen.
Bolshekhehtsirsky Reserve
The territory of the reserve occupies most of the Greater Khekhtsir ridge and is located between the river valley. Ussuri and the Khabarovsk-Vladivostok railway. The reserve's topography is predominantly mountainous, but there are also flat areas - flat, slightly dissected surfaces of ancient lake terraces. They lie at absolute heights from 35 to 100 m, on average 40–50 m above sea level. seas. Lowland areas are characterized by long-season permafrost and waterlogging; The main type of landscape is chenopodia. The foothills of Khekhtsir are hilly and rugged. Average heights are 80–150 m, individual hills reach 200–250 m above sea level. There are several oxbow lakes - Nymphaeum, Surprise, Brazenievoe. Spring floods are not pronounced; floods are common in summer, during the monsoon rains.
In foothill and mountainous areas, hazel oak forest is common, and the grass stand is characterized by bracken fern, asters and Ussuri sedge. In addition to oak, in such places there are Amur linden, small-leaved maple, and Daurian birch. The valleys are dominated by willow, alder and ash forests. Willow forests are represented by Schwerin willow, alder forests by downy alder, and ash trees by Manchurian ash. In the valleys of mountain rivers and streams there are shrub and cedar forests from the group of valley wet cedar-broad-leaved forests. The dominant position in the fauna of the reserve as a whole belongs to the fauna of mountain coniferous-deciduous forests. The dominant species of mouse-like rodents in the forest-meadow foothill zone are the field mouse and the eastern vole. In the lower reaches of the Chirka, the gray rat lives outside of human habitation. The forest-meadow landscapes of the northern slope of Khekhtsir limit their distribution in the reserve Amur hedgehog. The most common ungulates here are roe deer, summer time- wapiti and wild boar, among predators - badger, raccoon dog, fox. Wolves periodically enter the foothills of Khekhtsir.
The game was recorded in the village of Bichi, which is located in the zone of the state Komsomol reserve of the Komsomolsky district. Only employees of the reserve now live in this village. This game is reminiscent of the Russian game "Running over bumps". “Jumping over Bumps” was played by the Nanai children of the Bichi camp, who in the process of this game learned to quickly and deftly overcome difficult bumpy areas of the terrain.
"Duck Hunt". One of the favorite games of Nanai children was “Duck Hunting”. This game brought children a lot of joy and pleasure. Akim Samar - teacher and poet who died in the Great Patriotic War near Stalingrad, he recalled his childhood in this way: “Each of the players tried to be like a duck, and when we ran to an imaginary lake, we got the impression that these were real ducks flying. To the side, hiding from us, the “hunters” sat impatiently waiting for their “prey”.
Traditional Nanai games are of particular value. Their effect on the body of the children of the Amur people was distinguished by a wide range and was truly universal. With their content and focus, the games aroused children's interest in the crafts of their parents. With the help of games, health developed and strengthened, vital motor qualities and skills were formed, honesty, courage, mutual assistance, will, love of nature were cultivated, and a certain spiritual mood was created.
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The sky above the Amur is blue. The whisper of groves and the hubbub of flocks of birds... How can I not fall in love with you, my native land, the Far Eastern land!
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My beloved land, with foggy distances, with noisy taiga, with swamp duckweeds... No matter how many different lands we see, there is no one better, more beautiful and gentler.
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Sun Far East I carry it in my blood, From birth, from the source I breathe the local air. And, although I am not against wandering, I can be myself only in the midst of this space, only on this shore.
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Khabarovsk Territory is located in the eastern part Russian Federation, in the Far Eastern Federal District. In the north it borders Magadan Region and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), in the west with the Jewish Autonomous Region, the Amur Region, as well as China, in the south with the Primorsky Territory, from the north-east and east it is washed by the Sea of Okhotsk, from the south-east by the Sea of Japan. Sakhalin is separated from the island by the Tatarsky and Nevelskoy straits. In addition to the main, continental part, the region includes several islands, among which the largest are the Shantar Islands. The total length of the coastline is about 2,500 km, including the islands - 3,390 km. The main mountain ranges are Sikhote-Alin, Suntar-Khayata, Dzhugdzhur, Bureinsky, Dusse-Alin, Yam-Alin. The highest point is Mount Beryl (2933 m), the lowest is sea level. The territory of the region extends from south to north for 1,800 km, from west to east - for 125-750 km. The total area of the region is 788,600 km², which is 4.5% of the entire territory of the country.
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The flag of the Khabarovsk Territory is a rectangular panel divided into three parts (field N 1, N 2, N 3). Internal corner isosceles triangle(field N 1) is 90 degrees. Field N 1 - green, field N 2 - white, field N 3 - blue.
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The coat of arms of the Khabarovsk Territory is made on a shield of the French heraldic form. In the center of the shield, silver (white), in a place of honor, is depicted a powerful natural figure of a black white-breasted bear sitting on its hind legs, which with its front paws carefully holds (presses to its chest) the historical coat of arms of Khabarovsk - the administrative center of the Khabarovsk Territory. The head of the bear with an open mouth, scarlet eyes and tongue is turned towards the rising of the “most radiant sun”, to the East (in a mirror image). Full coat of arms of the Khabarovsk Territory (approved on July 28, 1994). In the center of the shield is a black, white-breasted bear sitting on its hind legs, holding the coat of arms of Khabarovsk with its front paws. The full (large, ceremonial) coat of arms is crowned with a crown; on the sides of the shield there are oak branches with acorns depicted in gold, intertwined with St. Andrew's (azure-colored) ribbon.
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The natural world of the Khabarovsk Territory is not comparable to any region of our state in terms of the diversity of animals and plants. This is due to the fact that the northern border of the region is located only 430 km from the Arctic Circle, and the southern part adjoins Primorye - a country of ancient relict species and representatives of southern flora and fauna. Most of the Khabarovsk Territory is a country of mountain ranges, individual peaks of which exceed a height of two kilometers, a country of fast and clean rivers, among which the particularly majestic, calm and wide Amur stands out.
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Khabarovsk Territory is a country of taiga. The light-coniferous taiga, where Daurian larch predominates, occupies more than half of the region in area - covering the mountain slopes from the very north to the Badzhal ridge in the south. In the light taiga and open forests, elk, reindeer, brown bear, wolverine, sable and squirrel are common, in some places lynx, musk deer and bighorn sheep are found, in the lowlands roe deer live, closer to the seashore - weasels. In numerous lakes (and there are more than 55,000 of them!) it is quite common to see muskrats, and in the summer teal ducks. Among the birds that live permanently, you can find the stone capercaillie, hazel grouse and white partridge.
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In the south of the region - along the left and right tributaries of the Amur - another taiga: spruce-fir, stretching from the right bank of the lower reaches great river to the shores Sea of Japan, and coniferous-broad-leaved - in the Urmmi river basin - to the north-west of Khabarovsk - and along the slopes of Sikhote-Alin to the east. Here live: Himalayan bear, wild boar, marten, wild forest cat and Amur tiger, nesting: paradise flycatcher, blue magpie, pheasant, grouse and mandarin duck.
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The Amur River is not comparable to any river in Russia in terms of species diversity freshwater fish. There are simply no such fish riches anywhere! Carp, bream, silver carp, yellow-cheeked carp, catfish, burbot, rudd, spotted horse and guar, white and black carp - you can’t count all the species! Only in the Amur and its tributaries is there a special “fat” pike. Only here is the beautiful and red-listed fish auch, or Chinese perch, found. The largest freshwater fish in our country lives in the Amur - the kaluga, a giant fish that once weighed much more than a ton!
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In the summer, in the Sea of Okhotsk, large beluga dolphins and small (only 9 m long) whales - minke whales - come close to the shore. And in the area of the Shantar Islands, from the shore you can see fountains of giants - one hundred and fifty-ton smooth whales.
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The Shantar Islands are one of the harshest places in eastern Russia. Only for 2-3 months the coast of the islands is completely cleared of ice. But these harsh shores are amazingly beautiful! Here, gulls, cormorants, guillemots, guillemots and puffins nest in bird colonies. Pacific eagles make nests on the tops of the kekurs. And in the depths of the islands there are many “continental” birds - tits, woodpeckers, nuthatches, hazel grouse, kites and even nutcrackers.
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The islands have significant areas of light-coniferous and dark-coniferous taiga, where sable, ermine, flying squirrel and brown bear live. Few people know that Shantar is also a land of waterfalls. There are more than 100 of them! The largest of them falls from a height of exactly one hundred meters and still has no name!
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On the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory there are the Bolshekhehtsirsky Nature Reserve, the Botchinsky Nature Reserve, the Bureinsky Nature Reserve, the Dzhugdzhursky Nature Reserve, and the Komsomolsky Nature Reserve.
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Bolshekhehtsirsky Reserve
The territory of the reserve occupies most of the Greater Khekhtsir ridge and is located between the river valley. Ussuri and the Khabarovsk-Vladivostok railway. All rivers of the reserve belong to the Ussuri and Amur basins. The most large river– The Chirka is 82 km long and flows, extremely winding, along the foot of Khekhtsir from east to west.
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Botchinsky Reserve
The reserve is located in the northeastern part of the Sikhote-Alin ridge, in the river basin. Botcha. The reserve was created to protect the northernmost group of Amur tigers, valuable spawning grounds salmon fish and forest ecosystems of northern Primorye in all their diversity. (lady's slippers grandiflora and spotted, Schisandra chinensis, pointed yew; birds - black stork, black crane, fish owl, etc.)
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Bureinsky Reserve
The reserve is located at the source of the river. Bureya (Right and Left Bureya), in the system of the Aesop and Dusse-Alin mountain ranges, the Khingan-Bureya Highlands, in the Verkhnebureinsky district of the Khabarovsk Territory. The reserve was created to protect the practically undisturbed typical mountain taiga ecosystems of the south of the Far East and their flora and fauna.
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Dzhugdzhursky reserve
The Dzhugdzhursky Nature Reserve is located in the Khabarovsk Territory, in the mountains on the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk. In the Dzhugdzhursky reserve, 480 plant species are registered, 18 rare species, two species are protected. Animal world rich. The most common mammals are elk, brown bear, sable, fox, wolf, and wild reindeer; There are bighorn sheep, musk deer, and black-capped marmot. The coastal waters are inhabited by seals - seals (hares), larga seals, and striped seals (lionfish). Of the 166 birds living in the reserve, 126 nest on the territory of the Dzhugzhursky reserve, eleven are protected: osprey, peregrine falcon, golden eagle, Steller and white-tailed eagles, fish eagle, gyrfalcon, grouse grouse, long-billed murrelet, mountain snipe. Fish include taimen, grayling, lenok, whitefish, chum salmon, pink salmon, char, and coho salmon.
Water area: 4,488
Area of protected territory: 9,831
Location: The reserve was established in 1963 for conservation and study
natural complexes Lower Amur region - weakly disturbed cedar broad-leaved forests, dark-coniferous and light-coniferous taiga.
Located on the territory of the Komsomolsky district of the Khabarovsk Territory, 40 km
northeast of Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
Consists of one plot with an area of 64.4 thousand hectares, including the area
water area of the river Amur is 4.5 thousand hectares. The area of the security zone is 9.8 thousand.
ha.
The reserve has 4 controlled territories: a natural monument
regional significance "Silinsky Forest" with an area of 50.8 hectares, a federal nature reserve
meaning “Udyl”, reserve federal significance"Oljikansky" and
nature reserve of federal significance "Badzhalsky".
The climate is characterized by a change in the direction of air flows to the opposite from winter to summer.
In winter, air currents prevail over the Lower Amur, directed from land to sea and having
low temperatures and low moisture content. Summer streams humid air brought from the sea
cool rainy weather. During the warm period, 80-90% of annual precipitation falls, often in
in the form of showers. The driest month is February, the wettest month is August. Temperature
differs significantly from the average for these latitudes. In Komsomolsk-on-Amur, the average annual
the temperature is 6 degrees below the average latitude. Average annual temperature district
reserve 0.8 degrees. WITH, January average-25 degrees C (minimum -50), July +20 degrees. C (maximum
+35). In spring and autumn, cold arctic temperatures may penetrate air masses, and development
late spring and early autumn. frosts. Winter is usually cold, with little snow, and lasts
more than 5 months; spring is short and dry. Summer is cool and rainy, but individual years V
Droughts are possible in early - mid-summer. Autumn is short and sunny. Soil: The soils of the reserve are divided into mountainous and flat.
In mountainous areas, mountain brown-taiga, mountain brown-taiga illuvial-humus and brown mountain-forest soils are common.
Mountain brown-taiga soils are found under mountain coniferous forests and are characterized by weak
dismemberment of the profile, low thickness of horizons and a high degree of rubble. Mountain
brown-taiga illuvial-humus soils are found under spruce-fir and spruce
forests on mountain slopes. They are characterized by low power, acidic reaction, heavy
mechanical composition. Brown mountain forest soils are developed under coniferous-broad-leaved and
deciduous forests. They are formed under conditions of good drainage on loose eluvial solution. Their profile is characterized by an intense brown color, more pronounced
division into horizons.
Lowland areas are characterized by brown forest podzolic, floodplain brown, meadow
gley, swamp and floodplain layered soils. Flora: The plant cover is formed by representatives of three floristic
complexes - Amur (Manchurian), Beringian and East Siberian.
The Manchurian complex near the mouth of Gorin is at the northern limit
distribution. To the north and northeast of this area, only
its individual species, and they are found there sporadically and soon
disappear completely. For the reserve, of the Amur elements, the most
Characteristic are Korean cedar, Japanese and lobed elms, ash
Manchurian, Amur velvet, Eleutherococcus senticosus, Schisandra chinensis,
Amur grapes, Actinidia kolomikta and others. Typical representatives
Beringian flora - Ayan spruce, white fir, Middendorf weigela and
Clintonia uda; East Siberian - Cajander larch, sedge
harsh and black-headed rosemary, wild rosemary and wild rosemary, birch
spreading and others Fauna: swimming birds are most numerous during spring and autumn migrations.
Since the Komsomolsky Reserve faces the Amur and is located on
a short distance from the Evoron-Chukchagir depression, where there are many reservoirs,
attracting ducks and geese, its territory is crossed by important travel routes
migrating birds. Among migratory ducks, pintails and teals predominate
whistle and kloktun; of the geese - white-fronted and bean goose. During nesting time, more often than other ducks
There is a killer whale, and a large merganser lives along the fast rivers - tributaries of the Amur.
Scaly-tailed merganser was also recorded on Gorin. Fish nesting is very likely
eagle owl. Almost everywhere in the reserve where there is woody vegetation,
There are chipmunks and squirrels, but in the cedar forests the number of these species is significantly
higher than in fir-spruce forests and larch forests. The most diverse
the habitat is inhabited by the flying squirrel; this peculiar big-eyed animal with
twilight and nocturnal activity, able to cover the distance from tree to tree
with a special gliding flight, common in the Lower Amur region. Among ungulates and predators
animals, the central place in the communities of the Gorin basin belongs to musk deer and sable,
moose and brown bear. “Southern” predators - the kharza, the white-breasted bear and the tiger - are extremely rare or appear only intermittently. Role in nature conservation: The reserve was established to preserve and study the natural complexes of the Lower Amur region -
slightly disturbed cedar-broad-leaved forests, dark-coniferous and light-coniferous taiga
Protected species: The animals of the reserve listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation include:
aha,
yellow-cheeked,
far eastern turtle,
white-tailed eagle,
Steller's sea eagle,
golden eagle,
osprey,
fish owl,
Far Eastern stork,
mandarin duck,
Siberian grouse,