Grandmas
(Other names for this game are “Schemes”, “Shugai”, “Punks”, “Ankles”)
In Rus', “Babki” were widespread already in the 6th-8th centuries. and was a favorite game. They have survived in some places to this day. Consequently, this game has been around among Russians for about one and a half thousand years. Attempts to again widely distribute “Granny” are being made by some schools, Pioneer Houses, pioneer camps, etc.
This game is also known among other peoples of the USSR - under equal names and with some changes in the rules.
For the game, dibs are taken - specially processed bones of the lower hoof joints of the legs of cows, pigs, and sheep. Russians hold cow pasterns in the highest esteem: they are larger and can be hit from a great distance (up to 40 m), while small pasterns, and especially alchiks, are usually hit from 3-10 m. Teenagers, young men and young people usually play , from 2 to 10 people. Sometimes people used to play mature age. Each person has their own bat and 3-10 dibs (by agreement). The largest and heaviest headstock is taken as a bat (its internal cavity is often filled with lead or tin). The game requires a platform measuring up to 60-70 m for men and up to 30-40 m for teenagers. If they play against the wall (so that the money does not fly too far away from the blow), then the area can be 15-20 m shorter.
Description. Approximately in the middle of the court, a stake line is drawn, on which the dibs collected from all players are placed in one or two rows or in nests of 2, 3, 5 pieces (Fig. 10, A, a, c, d). Sometimes the structure of the pasterns is perpendicular to the horse line (Fig. 10, A, b). Occasionally, they build intricate figures from the pasterns, for example, a “fish” with an open mouth (Fig. 10, A, e) or, having scattered the pasterns, then place each one in the place where it lay down.
Determining the order of players is itself an interesting period of the game. Usually everyone lines up along the stake and throws their bats in the direction from which they agreed to hit the stake. About two or three meters from the horse a line is drawn - “fat”. Everyone throws their bat behind the “fat” at such a distance as they consider most suitable for themselves. At the same time, it is taken into account that the right to hit first will be given to the one whose bat lands furthest from the horse. Therefore, those who rely on their strength and accuracy tend to throw the bat further away. Often a “gon” (“race”) is arranged, that is, they are allowed to carry their bat even further, and the most determined players begin to carry it one further than the other - relying on their own strength. The one who is cunning and throws the bat closer (in the expectation that others will miss from afar and he will get to hit close) may not get the desired result if his comrades are accurate, and it happens that he is punished: if he the bat will fall closer to the “sala”, he will have to throw on the stake not only last, but also with eyes closed. When determining the order of hits, the position of the bat that has fallen to the ground is relatively rarely taken into account (Players can agree, for example, that the right to hit first is given to those whose pastern lies on the “back”, i.e., “belly” up (“zhok”, “sak”) ", "eagle" and other names) (see Fig. 10, B, b). Of these, the one whose bat lies further than the others lying in the same position hits first. Whoever has it closer hits second and etc. Then the places of those whose bat lay on the flat “side” (“plocka”, “alcha”, “chik”) are distributed (see Fig. 10, B, d), etc. Sometimes they have an advantage other positions of the grandmother (Fig. 10, B, a, c)), and thus a smaller role in the Russian varieties of “Babok” is given to chance, luck, and a larger role to the players’ own achievements.
Sometimes the order of players is determined more in simple ways: by lot, by counting, by agreement, etc.
The one who has won the right to hit is the first to go to the place where his bat lies and throws it from there at the dibs on the line. If he knocks down (knocks down) a grandma on the bet with his bat, then he wins this grandma or the entire nest in which it belongs (depending on the agreement). After that, the next one in line hits. When there are no money left on the line, the game ends. If everyone has punched, and there are still grandmas on the line, then the players agree to either repeat the game with the remaining grandmas on the line, or bet an additional certain number of grandmas from each participant. The game is usually repeated many times. The winner wins greatest number money
The rules differed significantly in individual types of Grandmas. In the type of game described above, the following rules were observed: 1. You must throw the bat across the stake each time from the place where the bat lay, taking no more than 1-3 steps forward. 2. If the grandmother on the stake is hit by the bat, but does not fall, it is not considered knocked out. 3. Knocked out grandmas are taken from the horse by the player who knocked them out. 4. You can throw 1-3 bits in a row (by agreement). 5. Sometimes a rule is introduced: you can start knocking down the paststocks standing in single file only from the last pair, and if other paststocks fall, they are not considered knocked down.
Variety games of "Grandmas" - "Through the con"(It is also known under the names “From horse to horse”, “From field to field”, etc.). Everyone hits the stake from one line, called “salom”. It is held 10-15 m from the stake or further - by agreement. The order is determined by lot. When everyone has hit on one side, they go to the other side of the horse to their bats that have flown over the horse. Now everyone throws his bat at the grandknives on the stake from the place where his bat lies, and the one whose bat lies further from the stake throws first. Whoever’s bat did not reach the end when throwing from the “fat”, hits last and, moreover, blindfolded. Otherwise the game is the same as the previous one.
Another version of the game "Babki". A “city” line is drawn on the site, and 6-8 m from it, a horse line is drawn parallel to it. Grandmas are placed on the line in one or two rows (see Fig. 10, A).
All players stand behind the “city” line. They determine the order in the game using any of the methods known to them.
Each player takes turns making one hit to the grandmas. His task is to knock down as many money as possible. Each knocked down gives him a winning point. When the first piece is knocked down, the second is placed, then the third, etc. (see Fig. 10, A). When everyone throws the bat once, but not all the money is knocked down in the established figures, they play a second time. When all the money has been knocked down, the points are counted. The game is repeated several times. Every time the turn to hit the grandmas is played out. The one with the most points wins.
The rules are the same as in the previous variations, but there is a difference: you must hit without stepping beyond the “city” line. Otherwise, the knocked out headstock is placed in its original place.
"Lapta"
“O joy of life, child's play!
You won't be able to leave your neighbor's yard for ages.
My mother appeared behind me. But even to mom
Sometimes he played lapta with us.
What should she, a giantess, do here?
Everyone will hit it with the ball first.
They tried to throw, but didn’t hit.
And they both had a long wait for dinner.”
Valentin Berestov
The experience of older generations helps to use traditional types of physical education and development. In every district and yard, school, village, it is necessary to create opportunities for the development of folk sports. "Russian Lapta" is one of them. When practicing Russian lapta, students have positive dynamics in their health and development of motor skills. The microclimate in classrooms is improving. Playing lapta is a universal means for the development of motor skills, health improvement and social adaptation of students.
Lapta is one of the first team games ancient Russian culture. The first mention of this game dates back to the 14th century. Many accessories for lapta were discovered during excavations in Novgorod.
Under Peter I, the game began to be used as a means of physical training for soldiers of the Semenovsky, Preobrazhensky and Shevardinsky regiments and further for others military units. Even in pre-revolutionary Russia, the game of lapta was used as a means of active leisure for the population of various age groups and as a means of physical education for children, adolescents, boys and girls. Under the Commissioner of Education Podvoisky, Russian lapta was included as a means of physical training in the Red Army. Official Russian lapta championships began to be held in Russia in the late 50s and early 60s, then the competition was stopped for some time.
This game has become widespread throughout the world, although it has undergone some changes.
The game is very active, it was used as entertainment at many holidays. A. I. Kuprin gave a particularly vivid description of this game: “This folk game is one of the most interesting and useful games. In lapta you need resourcefulness, deep breathing, loyalty to your party, attentiveness, resourcefulness, fast running, a keen eye, firmness of the hand and eternal confidence that you will not be defeated. There is no place for cowards and lazy people in this game.”
Lapta - Russian folk team game with a ball and bat. The game is played on a natural site. The goal of the game is to use the bat to send the ball thrown by a player of the opposing team as far as possible and to run alternately to the opposite side and back, without allowing the opponent to “smear” himself with the caught ball. For successful runs, the team is awarded points. The team that scores the most points within the set time wins. Lapta-related sports include baseball, cricket, pesapolo in Finland, oina in Romania and others.
As is known, sport games originated from folk cultured in different countries for thousands of years. Each such game reflects the character traits of a particular people, its history; and everyday life So Russian lapta has existed for many centuries as a folk one fun game. And only in 1957, thanks to the efforts of enthusiasts, the first All-Russian lapta competition took place in the village of Dinskaya, Krasnodar Territory. Subsequently, the rules of the game were modified, the game became more dynamic, more exciting, and more interesting.
In 1997, the Interregional Public organization - Federation Russian lapta of Russia, and in 2003 this federation received the status of an All-Russian public physical culture and sports organization.
Due to the fact that Russian lapta began to develop rapidly in the country, in the Belgorod region lapta was included in the physical education program for students secondary schools republics in the “Folk Games” section along with football, volleyball, and basketball. And this is no coincidence, since Russian lapta is effective means physical education of children school age, has a wide range of potential influences on students.
The big advantage of lapta compared to other game sports is its economic accessibility, which modern conditions plays an important role. When conducting educational and extracurricular activities, large funds are not required to purchase appropriate equipment and supplies. To play, a flat surface measuring from 60 to 110 cm, a tennis ball and bats are enough.
Play activity Lapta contains great opportunities not only for physical, but also for moral education of a sense of collectivism. Game process ensures the development of the educational potential of the individual, his individuality, creative attitude to activity.
The process of developing knowledge, skills and abilities of the game is inextricably linked with the task of developing the mental and physical abilities of students.
Lapta classes contribute to the development of basic physical qualities in students.
The most important physical quality for playing lapta is speed. It depends not only on motor reactions, but also on the speed of thinking and the level of development of moral qualities. Therefore, it is necessary to safely introduce running exercises, etc., into lessons. To develop strength in lessons, exercises with medicine balls, weighted bats, as well as squats with weights and throwing balls at a distance are used.
In lapta lessons, educational tasks can also be successfully solved, since during the game, in order to achieve a common victory, students must constantly interact with each other and overcome the opponent’s resistance. This helps to foster friendship, collectivism, initiative, determination, as well as a set of positive psychological qualities.
The game of lapta is characterized by a high emotional uplift and vivid entertainment, which greatly facilitates the solution of one of the problems. most important tasks physical education of schoolchildren: first instill interest, and then create a need for physical education classes.
To plan lapta lessons, the teacher must know the content of the entire curriculum in the interrelation of its sections, starting with primary classes. Students' preparation includes: mastering the basics of theoretical knowledge; general physical training, which consists of physical exercise, becoming more complex with each year of study; special training consisting of technical elements of defense and attack when playing lapta, as well as game tactics.
Lapta classes should be based on the time of year and climatic conditions, since they mainly involve outdoor training using a natural grass area. The lesson can also be organized in the gym. Mini lapta will contribute to the physical training of students and will allow them to maintain the necessary skills throughout the year.
At the initial stage of training (junior grades), general physical training includes simple exercises, as students' preparedness increases, they become more complex.
As preparatory games for learning to play rounders, you can use various outdoor games: “Tag with a ball” in different variations, “Throwing rounders,” “Circular rounders,” “Foot rounders,” etc.
"Circular lapta"
This is an old game. In the 19th century it was called “Mute Lapta”. The latest version of this game, widely used among children of middle and high school age, is described below. Number of participants - from 6 to 40 people. The game requires one ball (volleyball or small, the size of a tennis ball).
Description. A large circle or rectangle is drawn on an outdoor site or in a hall. The players are divided into two equal teams. According to the draw, one of them is the driving team (it stands in the middle of the circle or rectangle), the other is the field team (it is located behind the circle, the rectangle - on both sides). One of the field players has a ball in his hands. By agreement, you can hide it or show it to the driving players. Field players, at a signal, try to hit the drivers with the ball (in any part of the body, except for the head), and they, dodging the ball, catch it. If a player is hit by the ball, he is eliminated from the game; if the driver catches the ball, he is not considered to have been touched and has the right to help out one of those who left the game. The player he rescued stands back in the middle of the circle. During the game, the number of incoming players either decreases or increases due to the proceeds of the players. The game continues for the set time or until all the driving players are killed. Participants change roles and play a second time. The team that by the end of the set time will have fewer players in the “field” or in which all the players will be defeated loses.
Rules.
If the leading player catches the ball, but there is no one to help him out (there are no dropouts from the game), then he has the right to continue to leave the first caught player in the circle.
Field players do not have the right to go beyond the circle when throwing the ball.
Only a direct hit on the driver is considered a hit. If the ball hits the player after bouncing off the ground, floor or any object, then the hit is not counted and the driver remains in the circle.
If the ball hits one player and then bounces to the second, the first is considered hit and the second remains in play.
Those who drop out of the game re-enter it in accordance with the order in which they left the game.
"Foot shoe"
P 
preparation. This game is in many ways reminiscent of the usual Russian lapta, but it has an additional element - kicking the ball. This makes the game similar to football. As in a regular lapta, players are divided into two teams of 8-9 people: hitting and driving (field). The game is played on a flat area 50-70 m long and 25-30 m wide.
WITH 
possession of the game. A player of the kicking team kicks the ball with a running start, sending it into the field. All players on the team take turns hitting the ball, so they must have serial numbers. The player who kicks the ball into the field must have time to run from the city line to the house line and return back before he is hit with the ball. The team on the field tries to intercept the ball. Players can do this with either their hand or their foot. Holding the ball, they try to hit a player of the kicking team who is running across the field. If a player from the kicking team manages to run to the home line and return back, he brings his team one winning point. If a player from the field team manages to intercept the ball in flight and knock down the player making a dash, the teams change fields. The team that scores the most points wins.
Rules that distinguish the game from regular lapta:
The game is played using a soccer ball.
The batters send the ball into the field not with a bat, but with a kick.
Field players, receiving the ball and passing it, have the right to play with their hands, feet, head and shoulder.
The ball flying over the side lines of the city is considered an out, as in a regular rounder.
Bibliography
Zhukov M.N. Outdoor games: Textbook. for students ped. universities - M.: Publishing center "Academy", 2000. - 160
Afanasyev, S.P. What to do with children at a country camp. - Kostroma: IMC "Variant", 1993. - 224 p.
Bukatov, V.M., Ershova, A.P. I'm going to class: A textbook of game teaching techniques: A book for teachers. - M.: Publishing house "First of September", 2000. - 222 p.
Frishman, I.I. The one who plays wins! - N. Novgorod: Pedagogical technologies, 2001. - 106 p.
To play, you need “babkas” (small lumps) - 10 pieces per playing team - and one cue ball - the largest and heaviest “babka”.
The players are divided into two teams of 3-4 people each and line up on the same line. 3 m from this line, another kon line is drawn, behind which figures of 10 “grandmas” are placed in a certain order and sequence. Each team tries to knock down the bets with fewer cue balls.
By lot, one of the teams starts first. The players of this team, in turns established by the captain, throw the cue ball at the “knives”. Then the other team hits, after which the first team hits again, etc. The winner is the team that made fewer cue ball throws in order to knock down the pieces installed from the “knocks.”
Rules of the game
1. In the game, two pieces are knocked down sequentially: “fence” and “jib” (see picture). When knocking down a “fence” figure, you can start doing this from either end, sequentially knocking down the “knives” of this figure, but no more than two “knives” with one throw of the cue ball. You can knock down the “jib” figure starting from the last row of “headstocks”.
2. If by throwing the cue ball 1 and 2 “knives” are knocked out not in a row, or more than 2 “knives” are knocked down, or any “knives” are moved from their place but not knocked down, then the entire figure of 10 “knives” is placed again.
3. Knocked down “grandmothers” are removed from the site.
4. A player who crosses the throwing line before the cue ball touches the ground loses the right to throw, and all knocked down “knucklebones” of this piece are put in place.
Based on materials from the book by N. Gureev " Leisure" (M., "Soviet Sport", 1991)
), registered in the magazine not for fun. Folk games help to better understand distant times and our ancestors who inhabited them. Today we're playing grandmas!
The history of this exciting game hidden in the darkness of millennia. In Egypt, during excavations, archaeologists often find in layers dating back to the times of the pharaohs, tablets and stones depicting gods and people throwing dough. The game is also recorded in ancient Greek myths. And in Rus' they began to play grandmas back in the pre-Mongol period; there is information that the game was popular already in the 6th-8th centuries.
It is likely that Rurik also recklessly threw dice in Staraya Ladoga...
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was delighted with the game of grandmothers. And he even dedicated a poem to her - “On the statue of someone playing knucklebones.” And the poet was inspired by an exhibition at the Imperial Academy of Arts in September 1836. Having seen the work of the young sculptor Nikolai Pimenov, “A Guy Playing Knuckles,” Pushkin said: “Thank God, finally, sculpture in Rus' has become popular.” And, as the sculptor later recalled, he immediately jotted down in his notebook:
The young man stepped three times,
bent over, hand on knee
he leaned cheerfully, the other picked up a well-aimed bone.
I've already taken aim...
Away! Give up, curious people,
separate; don't disturb the Russian
swashbuckling game."
And in “The Captain’s Daughter”, in the sixth chapter, describing the actions of the defenders of the Belogorsk fortress, awaiting Pugachev’s assault in fear, Alexander Sergeevich remembered his favorite game and found an expressive detail: “The next day, returning from mass, she (“Commandant Vasilisa Egorovna” . - Ed.) I saw Ivan Ignatich, who was pulling out of the cannon rags, pebbles, chips, money and all kinds of rubbish, stuffed into it by the children."
In 1870, the artist Vladimir Makovsky, an expert and great lover of folk games, painted the painting “Game of Grandmas,” and it became his first painting, immediately purchased by P. M. Tretyakov for the now world-famous gallery.
Well, in Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron (St.-Petersburg: Brockhaus-Efron, 1890-1907) explains the unexpected name of the game: “The pastern (phalanx prima) is the first joint or phalanges of the finger of ruminant animals (bull, sheep, goat, etc.). This bone serves for the game of "babki", which is common among children of the common people throughout Russia, both in villages and cities."
Rules of the game
There are dozens of game options. But all of them are subordinated to the main task - to knock down the grandma standing on the stake line. The pastern, the same coffin joint according to Brockhaus-Efron, was usually found among the bones after cooking the jelly. When mass slaughter of livestock began in the villages, teenagers stocked up on money for future use. The cue ball was made from the largest headstock, which was also filled with lead for weight.
The players are divided into two teams, say, 3-4 people. In front of each team, behind the stake line, figures from the headstock are placed in a certain order and sequence - “fence” and “jib”.
The “fence” is placed along the horse line, the “jib” is perpendicular to it.
Players knock out money from a distance of 2-3 meters.
The headstocks can also be knocked out from a distance of 7-8 m, while the knocked out half of the headstocks will be mixed 2-3 m forward.
To complicate the game, they hit the stake from various positions - standing, kneeling, sideways. You can also diversify the arrangement of the headstocks - put them in a circle, a diamond, a square.
The task of each side is to knock down the money with fewer cue balls.
Nuances
In the old days, sophisticated players distinguished between several options for the position of the dice after a hit. If the headstock fell with the convex side up, then in the Simbirsk, Vyatka, and Tobolsk provinces this position gave an advantage in the game. But in the Tver, Kursk and Astrakhan provinces, preference was given to the lateral, wide and flat sides of the bone. Why this happened is unknown. As they say, there is no arguing about tastes...
ADVICE FOR PLAYERS
Use ruffles!
In modern conditions, bone headstocks can be successfully replaced with small wooden chocks, choosing a larger and heavier chock for the cue ball (for weight, you can hammer a nail into it). Many people successfully use gorodoshka ryukhi.
However, even today in the meat aisle of any market they will definitely meet you halfway; you just have to tell the meat cutter: you need bones to play dice.
Guys, is it true that no one played grandmas as a child?!? And you don’t even know what kind of game this is?
There is a famous traveler here, no less famous photographer, yes and simply good man muph , yesterday he wrote about Kazakhstan, where he showed a photograph with a Kazakh “grandmother” and wrote that, supposedly, say in what century it was played last time, he can not.
I will say that in the 20th century, just a few decades ago, in my yard it was one of the most popular yard games. The yard, by the way, is the most ordinary among five-story panel buildings. And the rules, features and all sorts of nuances were explained to me by my father, who also, at one time, broke a game with one throw of a tile...
2. The pastern is one of the tarsal bones that forms the lower part of the ankle joint by connecting with the tibia and fibula, a bone from the leg of a cow. The headstock made from the leg of a bull or a huge cow was one and a half times larger than usual and was called “panok”. One “punk” was counted as two “grandmas”. In the photo, the back row is punks, the second row is grandmas, and the first row is some traffic jams that are not related to the story: 
3. The rules were as follows: the money was placed on the line, that is, lined up in one line. There were also options to build different figures from the headstocks or put them in two rows, but we always put them in one line.
The player had “tiles” - metal pieces with which he later had to knock down the line of money at stake. The tiles were very different - from banal pieces of reinforcement to hand-polished, flat “chibyshes”. There were “lucky” and “passing” tiles, there were “bronze” and “coil” tiles... 
4. How many tiles the player took part in the game, so many money he bet. If there were a lot of players, then the con could be limited in size. Then the players threw tiles - the further you throw the tile from the horse, the sooner you will try to knock it down. Whose tile is farthest from the stake throws first, from the place where the tile lies.
There were whole strategies for throwing tiles - well-aimed “chibysh” and the most convenient tiles were thrown the farthest. Stupid “coils” - tiles made of rods that rolled flat on the asphalt - were thrown close by and they literally raked up the remains of the horse, if, of course, it was their turn. Then everything is very simple - everything you hit is yours :) 
The secret of the incredible popularity of the game is very simple - it was gambling. IN literally, the grandmother cost 1 kopeck, and the punk, respectively, 2 kopecks. Moreover, next to the large horse, a small one was drawn with chalk, where the money head stood separately. Anyone who did not have money or who had lost to smithereens could play with real money, which he put under this money money. Whoever knocked down the money head took the money that was under it.
There was also a variant of the game “the old way”, when the price of various decorations was added to the price of a naked grandmother. It looked like this: I painted the headstock and added 1 kopeck to the price. I quietly coated it with my mother’s scarce nail polish and added another penny. I drilled a hole and filled it with lead - another penny. Nobody wanted to play the old way. Especially those whose mothers didn’t paint their nails and whose dads didn’t have a drill :)
During the heyday of my accuracy and as long as the small fry still agreed to play with me, I had a dozen trump tiles and dough - a whole bag of second shoes :)
P.S. What, they didn’t smelt the lead? And didn’t you play with knives?