International associations allow developing the economies of participating countries, expanding markets and obtaining other benefits for all stakeholders. These and other goals led to the creation Customs Union(By new version EAEU, transcript - Eurasian Economic Union) in 1995. Today, its permanent participants are 5 states that have adopted general rules for the import and export of products across their borders and comply with a number of conditions of signed international agreements.

What is the correct EAEU decoding and abbreviation?

Very often you can find incorrect abbreviations: “EAS”, “EurAsEC”, “UES”.

The correct reduction is indicated in the documents of one of the main governing bodies of the union of the Eurasian Economic Commission - “EAEU”, and there are no other options.

The old name “Customs Union” ceased to exist on January 1, 2015, along with the signing of the agreement on the creation of the Eurasian economic union, but is very often used in everyday life and information sources.

Besides the Commission the structure of the EAEU includes also the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, whose members are the presidents of the member countries of the union. Heads of government are members of another governing body - the Eurasian Intergovernmental Economic Council. To ensure compliance with the requirements of international treaties, the Court of the Union functions.

EAEU countries: list for 2019, who is included in

The history of the founding of the EAEU began with the unification of 3 states. Now the composition has expanded and not only due to regular participants. Work is also underway to expand economic space, and other states are showing interest in it. Countries that are part of the EAEU:

• Russian Federation;
• Republic of Belarus;
• Republic of Armenia;
• The Republic of Kazakhstan;
• Republic of Kyrgyzstan.

Since 2018, Moldova has received the status of an observer state. Agreements and memorandums, including temporary ones, were signed with China, Cuba, Vietnam, and Iran on a free trade zone. Negotiations are ongoing about cooperation with several other countries around the world. These steps will expand opportunities for the economies of the EAEU member states as a whole and simplify activities for private business and the public sector. For example, there is no need to obtain certificates of conformity for products in accordance with the technical regulations of the Customs Union (EAEU) in each participating country. These documents are recognized in all states from the list above.

Technical regulation and certification

An international integration economic association (union), the agreement on the creation of which was signed on May 29, 2014 and comes into force on January 1, 2015.

Source: https://docs.eaeunion.org/ru-ru/

Composition of the EAEU

The union included Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

The EAEU was created on the basis of the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) to strengthen the economies of the participating countries and “bring closer to each other”, to modernize and increase the competitiveness of the participating countries in the world market. The EAEU member states plan to continue economic integration in the coming years.

History of the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union

In 1995, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia and later joining states - Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan signed the first agreements on the creation of the Customs Union. Based on these agreements, the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) was created in 2000.

On October 6, 2007, in Dushanbe (Tajikistan), Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia signed an agreement on the creation of a single customs territory and the Customs Union Commission as a single permanent governing body of the Customs Union.

The Eurasian Customs Union or the Customs Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia was born on January 1, 2010. The customs union was launched as a first step towards the formation of a broader type European Union economic union of former Soviet republics.

The creation of the Eurasian Customs Union was guaranteed by 3 different treaties signed in 1995, 1999 and 2007.

The first agreement in 1995 guaranteed its creation, the second in 1999 guaranteed its formation, and the third in 2007 announced the creation of a single customs territory and the formation of a customs union.

Access of products to the territory of the Customs Union was granted after checking these products for compliance with the requirements of the technical regulations of the Customs Union that are applicable to these products.

As of December 2012, 31 Technical Regulations of the Customs Union have been developed, which cover different kinds products, some of which have already entered into force, and some of which will enter into force before 2015. Some technical regulations will still be developed.

Before the Technical Regulations came into force, the basis for access to the market of the member countries of the Customs Union were the following rules:

1. National certificate - for product access to the market of the country where this certificate was issued.
2. Certificate of the Customs Union - a certificate issued in accordance with the “List of products subject to mandatory assessment (confirmation) of conformity within the Customs Union” - such a certificate is valid in all three member countries of the Customs Union.

Since November 19, 2011, member states have implemented the work of a joint commission (Eurasian Economic Commission) to strengthen closer economic ties to create the Eurasian Economic Union by 2015.

On January 1, 2012, the three states formed the Common Economic Space to promote further economic integration. All three countries have ratified a basic package of 17 agreements governing the launch of the Common Economic Space (CES).

On May 29, 2014, an agreement on the creation of the Eurasian Economic Union was signed in Astana (Kazakhstan).

On January 1, 2015, the EAEU began to function as part of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan. On January 2, 2015, Armenia became a member of the EAEU. Kyrgyzstan has announced its intention to participate in the EAEU.

Economy of the Eurasian Economic Union

The macroeconomic effect from the integration of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan into the EAEU is created due to:

• Reduced prices for goods due to reduced costs of transporting raw materials or exporting finished products.
• Stimulating “healthy” competition in the common market of the EAEU through an equal level of economic development.
• Increasing competition in the common market of the member countries of the Customs Union, thanks to the entry of new countries into the market.
• Increase in average wages, thanks to reduced costs and increased productivity.
• Increasing production due to increased demand for goods.
• Increasing the well-being of peoples EAEU countries, thanks to lower food prices and increased employment.
• Increasing the return on investment of new technologies and products due to increased market volume.

At the same time, the signed version of the agreement on the creation of the EAEU was of a compromise nature, and therefore a number of planned measures were not implemented in full. In particular, the Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) and the Eurasian Economic Court did not receive broad powers to monitor compliance with the agreements. If EEC regulations are not followed, controversial issue is considered by the Eurasian Economic Court, whose decisions are only advisory in nature, and the issue is finally resolved at the level of the Council of Heads of State. In addition, pressing issues on the creation of a unified financial regulator, on energy trade policy, as well as on the problem of the existence of exemptions and restrictions on trade between EAEU members were postponed until 2025 or indefinitely.

Governing bodies of the Eurasian Economic Union

The governing bodies of the EAEU are the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council and the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The Supreme Eurasian Economic Council is the highest supranational body of the EAEU. The council includes heads of state and government. The Supreme Council meets at the level of heads of state at least once a year, at the level of heads of government - at least twice a year. Decisions are made by consensus. Decisions made become mandatory in all participating states. The Council determines the composition and powers of other regulatory structures.

The Eurasian Economic Commission (EEC) is one permanent regulatory body (supranational governing body) in the EAEU. The main task of the EEC is to provide conditions for the development and functioning of the EAEU, as well as the development of economic integration initiatives in within the EAEU.

The powers of the Eurasian Economic Commission are defined in Article 3 of the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Commission of November 18, 2010. All rights and functions of the previously existing Customs Union Commission were delegated to the Eurasian Economic Commission.

The competence of the Commission includes:

• customs tariffs and non-tariff regulation;
• customs administration;
• technical regulation;
• sanitary, veterinary and phytosanitary measures;
• crediting and distribution of import customs duties;
• establishment of trade regimes with third countries;
• statistics of foreign and domestic trade;
• macroeconomic policy;
• competition policy;
• industrial and agricultural subsidies;
• energy policy;
• state and municipal procurement;
• domestic trade in services and investment;
• transport and transportation;
• monetary policy;
• intellectual property and copyright;
• migration policy;
• financial markets (banking, insurance, foreign exchange and stock markets);
• and some other areas.

The Commission ensures the implementation of international treaties that form the legal basis of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Commission is also the depository of international treaties that formed the legal basis of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, and now the EAEU, as well as decisions of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council.

Within its competence, the Commission adopts non-binding documents, for example, recommendations, and can also make decisions that are binding in the EAEU member countries.

The Commission's budget is made up of contributions from member states and approved by the heads of EAEU member states.

The idea was proposed by the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Back in 1994, he put forward an initiative to unite the countries of Eurasia, which would be based on a common economic space and defense policy.

Twenty years later

On May 29, 2014, in Astana, the presidents of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan signed an agreement on the Eurasian Economic Union, which came into force on January 1, 2015. The next day - January 2 - Armenia became a member of the union, and on August 12 of the same year, Kyrgyzstan joined the organization.

For twenty years, since Nazarbayev's proposal, there has been forward movement. In 1995, Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus signed an agreement on the Customs Union, designed to ensure free exchange of goods between states, as well as fair competition among business entities.

Thus the first stone was laid for integration former republics USSR, based on deeper principles than those on which the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), created at the time of the collapse of the Soviet Union, was based.

Other states in the region have also shown interest in the Customs Union, in particular, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan have joined it. The process smoothly moved to a new stage - in 1999, the countries participating in the Customs Union signed an agreement on the Common Economic Space, and in the following 2000, Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan established the Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC).

Things didn't always go smoothly. Disagreements arose between the states, but in the disputes a legal basis for cooperation was born - in 2010, the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus and the Republic of Kazakhstan signed 17 basic international treaties, on the basis of which the Customs Union began to operate in a new way. A unified customs tariff was adopted, customs clearance and customs control at internal borders were abolished, and the movement of goods in the territory of the three states became unhindered.

The following year, 2011, countries moved to create a single economic space. In December, a corresponding agreement was signed between Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan, which came into force on January 1, 2012. According to the agreement, not only goods, but also services, capital, and labor began to move freely on the territory of these countries.

The Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) became a logical continuation of this process.

Objectives of the Union

The main goals of the creation of the EAEU according to the agreement are stated:

• creating conditions for the stable development of the economies of states that have joined the organization, in the interests of improving the living standards of their population;
• the formation within the framework of the union of a single market for goods, services, capital and labor resources;
• comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the context of the process of economic globalization.

Controls

The main body of the EAEU is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council, which consists of the heads of state of the organization’s members. The tasks of the Council include resolving strategically important issues of the functioning of the union, determining directions of activity, prospects for the development of integration, and making decisions aimed at realizing the goals of the EAEU.

Regular meetings of the council are held at least once a year, and extraordinary meetings are convened on the initiative of any member state of the organization or acting on this moment Chairman of the Council.

Another governing body of the EAEU is the Intergovernmental Council, which includes heads of government. Its meetings are held at least twice a year. The agenda of the meetings is formed by the permanent regulatory body of the Union - the Eurasian Economic Commission, whose powers include:

• Transfer and distribution of import customs duties;
• establishment of trade regimes in relation to third countries;
• statistics of foreign and mutual trade;
• industrial and agricultural subsidies;
• energy policy;
• natural monopolies;
• mutual trade in services and investments;
• transport and transportation;
• monetary policy;
• protection and protection of the results of intellectual activity and means of individualization of goods, works and services;
• customs tariff and non-tariff regulation;
• customs administration;
• and others, in total about 170 functions of the EAEU.

There is also a permanent Court of the Union, which consists of two judges from each state. The Court considers disputes arising on the implementation of the main treaty and international treaties within the Union and decisions of its governing bodies. Both member states of the Union and individual entrepreneurs operating on their territory can apply to the court.

Membership in the EAEU

The Union is open for any state to join, and not only the Eurasian region. The main thing is to share its goals and principles, as well as to comply with the conditions agreed upon with the members of the EAEU.

At the first stage, it is necessary to obtain the status of a candidate state. To do this, it is necessary to send a corresponding appeal to the Chairman of the Supreme Council. Under his leadership, the council will decide whether or not to grant candidate state status to the applicant. If the decision is positive, a working group will be created; it consists of representatives of the candidate state, current members of the Union, and its governing bodies.

The working group determines the degree of readiness of the candidate state to accept the obligations arising from the fundamental documents of the Union, then the working group develops a plan of activities necessary for joining the organization, determines the scope of the rights and obligations of the candidate state, and then the format of its participation in the work of the bodies of the Union .

Currently, there are a number of potential applicants for candidate status to join the EAEU. Among them are the following states:

• Tajikistan;
• Moldova;
• Uzbekistan;
• Mongolia;
• Türkiye;
• Tunisia;
• Iran;
• Syria;
• Turkmenistan.

According to experts, the most ready countries for cooperation in this format are Tajikistan and Uzbekistan.

Another form of cooperation with the EAEU is the status of an observer state. It is acquired in a similar way to the status of a candidate for membership and gives the right to take part in the work of the Council’s bodies and to get acquainted with accepted documents, with the exception of documents that are confidential.

On May 14, 2018, Moldova received EAEU observer status. In general, according to Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, about 50 states are currently interested in cooperation with the Eurasian Economic Union.

Page Content

On January 1, the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) came into force. The treaty approves the creation of an economic union, within the framework of which the freedom of movement of goods, services, capital and labor is ensured, the conduct of coordinated, coordinated or common policy in the sectors of the economy defined by this document and international treaties within the Union.

The Treaty on the EAEU was signed by the Presidents of the Republic of Belarus, the Republic of Kazakhstan and Russian Federation May 29, 2014 in Astana. In addition to these three states, members of the Union will also include the Republic of Armenia, which signed the Treaty of Accession to the Union on October 10, 2014, and Republic of Kyrgyzstan, which signed a similar Agreement on December 23, 2014.

The Eurasian Economic Union is an international organization for regional economic integration with international legal personality.

The Union is called upon to create conditions for the stable development of the economies of the member states in the interests of improving the living standards of their populations, as well as for comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies in the global economy.

The EAEU carries out its activities within the competence granted to it by the member states in accordance with the Treaty on the Union, based on respect for generally recognized principles international law including principles sovereign equality member states and their territorial integrity; based on respect for the peculiarities of the political structure of the member states; based on ensuring mutually beneficial cooperation, equality and consideration national interests parties; based on compliance with the principles of a market economy and fair competition.

The main body of the Union is the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council (SEEC), which includes the heads of member states. SEEC meetings are held at least once a year. The structure of the EAEU bodies is also formed by the Intergovernmental Council at the level of heads of government, the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Court of the Union.

Reference:

Bodies of the Union:

The Supreme Council is the highest body of the EAEU, which includes the Presidents of the Union member states.

The Intergovernmental Council is a body of the Union, which includes the Prime Ministers of the member states, which considers strategically important issues of the development of Eurasian economic integration.

The EAEU Court is a judicial body of the Union that ensures the application by member states and bodies of the Union of the Treaty on the EAEU and other international treaties within the Union.

The Eurasian Economic Commission is a permanent supranational regulatory body of the Union, which is formed by the Council of the Commission and the Board of the Commission. The main objectives of the Commission are to ensure conditions for the functioning and development of the Union, as well as to develop proposals in the field of economic integration within the EAEU.

The Council of the Commission includes the Deputy Prime Ministers of the Union member states.

The composition of the EEC Board is formed by the Chairman and Ministers of the Commission.

The main functional innovations of the Treaty on the EAEU in comparison with the stages of the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space:

The Treaty on the EAEU consolidated the agreement of the member states on the implementation of a coordinated energy policy and the formation on the basis general principles general energy markets (electricity, gas, oil and petroleum products markets). The document assumes that this task will be implemented in several stages and finally completed by 2025: the formation of a common electricity market is expected to be completed by 2019, and a common hydrocarbon market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU defines the regime for regulating the circulation of medicines and medical devices - within the Union, by January 1, 2016, a common market for medicines and a common market for medical products (medical products and medical equipment) will be created.

The Agreement defines the main priorities of transport policy in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union for the long term. The parties agreed on a step-by-step liberalization of transport transportation on the territory of the newly created Union, which, first of all, concerns road and rail transport.

An agreement was reached on the formation and implementation of a coordinated agro-industrial policy. It is important that the implementation of policy in other areas of integration interaction, including in the field of ensuring sanitary, phytosanitary and veterinary-sanitary measures in relation to agricultural products, will be carried out taking into account the goals, objectives and directions of the agreed agro-industrial policy.

The effective functioning of the Eurasian Economic Union cannot be imagined without the implementation of a coordinated macroeconomic policy, which provides for the development and implementation of joint actions of the Union member states in order to achieve balanced economic development. According to the Treaty, the main directions of implementing a coordinated macroeconomic policy are the formation of common principles for the functioning of the economies of the Union member states, ensuring their effective interaction, as well as the development of general principles and guidelines for forecasting the socio-economic development of the Parties.

To ensure coordinated regulation of financial markets, based on the results of step-by-step harmonization of legislation, the EAEU member states agreed on the need to create a single supranational body for regulating the financial market by 2025.

The Treaty on the EAEU assumes that from January 1, 2015, a single market for services will begin to function in a number of sectors defined by the Union member states. At the same time, the national regime is laid down as a basis, i.e. the state is obliged to adopt a full-fledged national regime in relation to the service provider and partner countries; there cannot be any restrictions. In the future, the Parties will strive to maximize the expansion of these sectors, including through a gradual reduction of exemptions and restrictions, which will certainly strengthen the Eurasian integration project.

According to the Treaty on the EAEU, the single market for services within the Union operates in service sectors approved by the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council at the level of heads of state on the basis of agreed proposals of the member states and the Commission. Based on the Treaty, by decision of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council on December 23, 2014, lists of service sectors were approved in which the single market will begin to function on January 1, 2015. Currently, according to proposals from Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, more than 40 service sectors can be included in the list of services (construction services, services in the field of wholesale/retail trade, services related to agriculture, including sowing, processing, harvesting crops, etc.). The list of sectors in which the rules of the single market for services must be ensured is subject to gradual and agreed upon expansion. In service sectors where a single market for services does not operate, providers and recipients of services are provided with national and most favored nation treatment, and quantitative and investment restrictions are not applied.

From January 1, 2015, a common labor market will begin to function in the territories of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia; will be implementedfreedom of movement of labor. Citizens of these states will work under the same conditions: tworkers in the EAEU member states will not need to obtain work permits within the Union.With the creation of a common labor market, citizens of the EAEU countries can directly experience the benefits of the Eurasian Economic Union. Mutual recognition of diplomas will be carried out automatically from January 1, 2015. Income tax for individuals who are citizens of EAEU member states will be paid at the internal resident rate from the first days of employment. Citizens of the EAEU countries will stopfill out migration cards when crossing the internal borders of the EAEU countries,if their stay does not exceed 30 days from the date of entry. In addition, workers and members of their family are exempt from the obligation to register (register) with internal affairs bodies for a period of stay of up to 30 days.

Another important innovation of the Treaty on the EAEU: the possibility of applying national treatment for citizens of all four countries in terms of social security, including medical care. In each country within the EAEU, all medical services guaranteed by the state will be equally available to all citizens of the Union countries. ( It's about, first of all, aboutfree provision of emergency medical services).

As for pensions, the Treaty on the EAEU contains an obligation to resolve the issue of exporting pensions and offset length of service accumulated in another Union member country. Currently, the EEC, together with the Parties, is working on a Pension Agreement, which will come into force after 2015.

Eurasian Economic Community (EurAsEC) - international economic organization, created for the Parties to effectively promote the process of forming the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, as well as the implementation of other goals and objectives related to deepening integration in the economic and humanitarian fields.

The organization was created in full accordance with the principles of the UN and the norms of international law and has international legal personality. This is a clearly structured system with a rigid mechanism for making and implementing decisions.

Community and its officials enjoy the privileges and immunities necessary to perform the functions and achieve the goals provided for by the treaty establishing the EurAsEC and the treaties in force in the Community.

In 2003, the Eurasian Economic Community received observer status in the UN General Assembly.

Treaty on the Establishment of the EurAsEC was signed on October 10, 2000 in Astana and entered into force on May 30, 2001 after its ratification by all member states.

Five states have been members of the Eurasian Economic Community since its formation - Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia and Tajikistan.

On January 25, 2006, a protocol on accession to the organization of Uzbekistan was signed. In October 2008, Uzbekistan suspended participation in the work of EurAsEC bodies.

Since May 2002, observer status at the EurAsEC has Ukraine and Moldova, since January 2003 - Armenia. They also have Interstate Aviation Committee (IAC), Eurasian Development Bank (EDB).

EurAsEC - open organization. Any state that accepts the obligations arising from the Treaty on the Establishment of the EurAsEC and other treaties of the Community according to the list determined by the decision of the Interstate Council of the EurAsEC can become its member.

Observer status with the EurAsEC may be granted to a state or an international interstate (intergovernmental) organization upon request. An observer has the right to attend open meetings of EurAsEC bodies, to get acquainted with documents and decisions taken by EurAsEC bodies, but does not have the right to vote when making decisions and the right to sign documents of EurAsEC bodies.

The EurAsEC was created with the aim of developing economic interaction, trade, effectively promoting the process of forming the Customs Union and the Common Economic Space, coordinating the actions of the Community states when integrating into the world economy and the international trading system.

One of the main vectors of the organization’s activities is ensuring the dynamic development of members of the Community by coordinating socio-economic transformations with effective use their economic potential in the interests of improving the living standards of peoples.

Main objectives of the Community:

• completion of the full registration of the free trade regime, the formation of a common customs tariff and a unified system of non-tariff regulation measures;
• ensuring freedom of capital movement;
• formation of a common financial market;
• agreement on the principles and conditions for the transition to a single currency within the EurAsEC;
• establishment general rules trade in goods and services and their access to domestic markets;
• creation of a common unified system of customs regulation;
• development and implementation of interstate target programs;
• Creation equal conditions for production and business activities;
• formation of a common market for transport services and a unified transport system;
• formation of a common energy market;
• creation of equal conditions for access of foreign investments to the markets of the Community states;
• ensuring free movement of citizens of EurAsEC states within the Community;
• harmonization of social policy with the aim of forming a community of social states, providing for a common labor market, a common educational space, coordinated approaches to addressing issues of healthcare, labor migration, etc.;
• convergence and harmonization of national legislations; ensuring interaction of the legal systems of the EurAsEC states with the aim of creating a common legal space within the Community.

In accordance with the statutory goals and objectives of the Community and guided by the principle of multi-speed integration, Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia created in 2007-2010