ARVI and acute respiratory infections are groups of diseases caused by damage to the respiratory tract by infection. The difference between them is determined by the types of pathogens.

The causative agents of acute respiratory infections are respiratory viruses, some fungi and opportunistic bacterial microflora. ARVI includes only viral infections of the respiratory system, which is what distinguishes this group of diseases from acute respiratory infections.

Pathogens

Infection occurs through airborne droplets and contact. Both adults and children can become infected with respiratory infectious agents, but in children, symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections are observed 4 times more often than in adults.

A viral or bacterial infection develops:

• in the upper respiratory tract (above the vocal cords), causing a runny nose, sore throat, otitis media, laryngitis;
• in the lower respiratory tract (below the vocal cords), causing tracheitis, pneumonia, bronchitis.

More than 90% of all acute respiratory infections are caused by viruses. For this reason, viral acute respiratory infections are classified as a separate group of acute respiratory viral infections, the decoding of this abbreviation is acute respiratory viral infections.

More often than other viral pathogens, ARVI is caused by the following viruses:

• parainfluenza – they account for up to 50% of cases of infection;
• rhinoviruses - 20-40%;
• influenza - in epidemics up to 15%;
• adenovirus – up to 5%;
• respiratory syncytial - up to 4%.

Unlike acute respiratory viral infections, bacterial acute respiratory infections are caused primarily not by external infection, but by opportunistic bacteria and protozoa. These microorganisms colonize the respiratory tract of children from birth, without causing any negative reactions in a healthy child.

When the immune system is weakened, for example, due to the introduction of a viral infection, bacterial opportunistic microflora acquires pathogenic properties, multiplies, and causes inflammation.

In children younger age The most common causes of bacterial infection are:

• streptococci - cause tonsillitis;
• pneumococcus - provokes otitis media, pneumonia;
• Haemophilus influenzae - serves as a causative agent of sinusitis, epiglottitis, pneumonia;
• less commonly, damage to the mucous membranes is caused by Staphylococcus aureus, chlamydia, legionella, and mycoplasma.

With age in children, the proportion of mycoplasma and chlamydial acute respiratory infections increases and reaches 44% and 30%, respectively.

Bacterial respiratory disease can be caused by intestinal microflora. Similar cases occur with the uncontrolled use of antibiotics, which disrupts the balance of microflora in the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, causing a decrease in local immunity.

The following fungi can infect the respiratory tract with the appearance of acute respiratory infections symptoms:

• Candida albicans – causes candidal laryngitis, pharyngeal thrush;
• Pneumocysta jurovici is an opportunistic ascomycete fungus that can cause Pneumocystis pneumonia in people with immunodeficiency conditions.

All types of respiratory diseases are characterized by the appearance of symptoms that manifest themselves:

• intoxication - fever, headache, pain in muscles, joints, sweating;
• catarrhal symptoms - runny nose, cough.

The severity of acute respiratory infections is assessed by the degree of intoxication of the body. Intoxication is typical for bacterial acute respiratory infections; with acute respiratory viral infections, severe forms of intoxication are observed with influenza and adenovirus infection.

It is possible to distinguish ARVI from signs of acute respiratory infections by catarrhal manifestations, symptoms such as a runny nose, the nature of the cough, the condition of the nasopharyngeal mucosa, and the conjunctiva of the eyes.

A runny nose with mucous transparent discharge, acute conjunctivitis, a bright red throat without a filmy coating, purulent plugs are characteristic of ARVI.

In the bacterial form of acute respiratory infections, nasal discharge becomes mucopurulent, acquires a yellowish, greenish color, which is given to them by neutrophils dying in the fight against infection, destroyed fragments of viruses, and exfoliated particles of epithelium.

The nature of nasal discharge serves as a diagnostic sign that allows one to distinguish acute respiratory viral infections from the bacterial type of acute respiratory infections in adults and children before conducting laboratory clinical studies.

Thus, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses (sinusitis) is initially caused by viruses. With proper treatment and a favorable course of sinusitis, the disease resolves within 2 weeks.

If a bacterial infection is added to viral sinusitis caused by ARVI, then this condition is accompanied by the appearance of purulent discharge, which delays recovery and indicates the danger of complication of acute respiratory infections with meningitis.

A viral attack on the mucous membrane of the throat causes sore throat and pharyngitis. The causative agent of sore throat is most often adenovirus, as well as bacteria - hemolytic streptococcus, Staphylococcus aureus and other species.

Acute otitis media is caused by inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses and is a bacterial complication of a viral infection. The presence of bacteria is indicated by the appearance of pus.

Symptoms of acute respiratory infections caused by various types of infection are sometimes so similar to each other that it is possible to identify the actual cause of the disease in order to choose the right treatment regimen only with the help of laboratory blood tests.

Read more about the symptoms of ARVI in the article Symptoms and treatment of ARVI in adults.

Features of treatment

There are differences in the treatment of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections that are characteristic of certain types of pathogens. If damage to the respiratory tract is caused by viruses, then antiviral drugs, antipyretics, painkillers, and immunomodulators are prescribed to maintain immunity.

In case of a bacterial complication, the doctor must prescribe antibiotics. Antibiotics are needed to avoid complications. It is especially important to determine the difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections in order to properly treat children, since these diseases are more severe in them than in adults.

For fungal infections of the respiratory tract, antimycotics, antiseptics, and probiotics are prescribed.

Treatment is prescribed taking into account the location of the respiratory tract lesion, the severity of the disease, and the results of a blood test:

• with bacterial acute respiratory infections, blood tests show an increase in the number of neutrophils and a high ESR;
• increases with ARVI total lymphocytes and monocytes, leukocytes are normal or reduced.

Prevention

A person who has recovered from an acute respiratory infection or acute respiratory viral infection develops immunity only to those infectious agents that caused the disease. Due to the large number of different types and strains of infections, you can get acute respiratory infections more than once, several times a year.

In the prevention of acute respiratory infections, attention should be paid to:

• strengthening your own immunity;
• prevention of infection.

To prevent infection, you need to use gauze bandages during periods of epidemics, avoid crowded events, vaccinate against influenza and adenovirus, promptly treat all acute infections, and prevent the appearance of chronic foci of infection in the body.

What is the difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections? Acute respiratory disease. Acute respiratory viral infections

Most people often confuse what “ARVI” and “ARI” are. Many people are mistaken in thinking that they are the same thing. What is the difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections? By understanding the difference between them, you can avoid a number of mistakes when selecting medications for treatment.

What are acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections?

To understand how acute respiratory infections differ from acute respiratory viral infections, it is enough to understand their definitions.

ARI (acute respiratory disease) is a disease of the upper respiratory tract due to any infection (bacterial, atypical, fungal, viral, etc.). In fact, acute respiratory infections are not a disease. This is the general name for several diseases with similar symptoms, because “acute” means the rapid onset of the disease.

Acute respiratory disease is transmitted by airborne droplets. Within 7-10 days, a patient can infect others with the virus, so acute respiratory infections quickly cause an epidemic.

Diseases of the upper respiratory tract of bacterial etiology are most often caused by staphylococcus, pneumococcus, streptococcus, tonsillitis. In the case when acute respiratory infections are caused by mycoplasma etiology, that is, mycoplasmosis occurs, a complication such as pneumonia occurs.

ARVI is a specified, private diagnosis of acute respiratory infections, that is, an acute respiratory viral infection transmitted by airborne droplets. This disease is always confirmed by tests. The most common type of ARVI is influenza. In addition, there is parainfluenza, adenovirus and rhinovirus infections, coronavirus infection, etc. All these diseases have a viral etiology.

The flu affects everyone's general well-being. Patients complain of weakness, muscle aches, weakness, headache, and sweating. The temperature, as a rule, does not rise above 39 degrees and subsides after 2-3 days. Symptoms such as runny nose, cough, sore throat and sneezing are mild and may not be present on the first day.

Parainfluenza primarily affects the larynx, pharynx and bronchi. Sore throat, painful to swallow, hoarse voice, cough. The temperature fluctuates between 37-38 C.

Adenovirus infection affects The lymph nodes(or aden node), so they increase. The main difference from other infections is the appearance of watery eyes and redness of the eyes on days 2-3. All other symptoms are moderate: temperature within 37-38 degrees, malaise, chills, headache and in the muscles. After 2-3 days the nose becomes stuffy.

Rhinovirus infection is primarily characterized by dryness and discomfort in the nose, which gradually develops into a runny nose with severe watery discharge. This is precisely the main symptom of rhinovirus infection. But the patient may also be bothered by a cough, sore throat, and the temperature rises slightly.

Now, knowing what acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections are, their differences from each other become obvious - the pathogens that cause the disease. To more accurately determine the causes, special tests are performed to study the microflora of the throat. Since the disease is just beginning, it is necessary to immediately make an accurate diagnosis and begin proper treatment.

ARI affects the respiratory tract when, along with a developing viral infection, a bacterial infection also appears. In most cases, the disease occurs due to hypothermia. While acute respiratory viral infections appear due to the presence of harmful viruses in the body.

ARVI symptoms

When making a diagnosis, the doctor first pays attention to the symptoms. ARVI is accompanied by clear mucus in the nasopharynx, the patient often sneezes. Increasing pain in the throat, intensifying when swallowing, after a while the voice becomes hoarse. The cough is dry, annoying, painful, and after a while it becomes wet. In addition, the patient complains of general weakness, aching muscles and joints due to sudden temperature changes, due to the virus entering the blood (intoxication appears). Chills, headache and loss of appetite occur. Often the virus also affects the mucous membrane of the eyes and the gastrointestinal tract. In addition to all of the above, there may be insomnia or, conversely, drowsiness.

Symptoms of acute respiratory infections

Symptoms of acute respiratory infections are pronounced: the temperature rises; dry cough turns into wet; the red throat is covered with a white coating; the mucous membrane is inflamed and clear fluid, mucus or pus is released.

Which is more dangerous?

Most people are most wary of ARVI, and this is justified. It is this disease that is more difficult to tolerate and carries unpleasant consequences in the form of complications. The virus in the body is always in a state of mutation and changes. Therefore, doctors have to change the treatment program every time and select other drugs. This is complicated by the fact that the human body is trying to develop immunity from viruses that have already existed. But the new virus needs to be fought for longer.

How to treat acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

Having found out how acute respiratory infections differ from acute respiratory viral infections, you can move on to the selection of medications.

In most cases, antipyretic and antihistamine drugs are prescribed for acute respiratory infections. But it cannot be treated, since it is not a disease, but a generalized name for several diseases. But at the same time, you need to constantly carry out prevention in order to protect yourself from unpleasant consequences.

Prevention of acute respiratory infections

Prevention of acute respiratory infections involves strengthening the immune system. This requires:

• take more vitamins (especially A, C, B);
• gargle with infusions of medicinal herbs;
• rinse the nose, for example, with saline solution;
• ensure that the air around is moist and cool;
• periodically carry out inhalations;
• drink about 1.5 liters of clean water per day;
• If possible, avoid contact with sick people;
• keep your hands clean.

Prevention of ARVI is no different from prevention of acute respiratory infections. It is important to remember that if the spread of the disease among others is high (epidemic, season - autumn or winter), it is necessary to protect yourself from participating in public events, and if there is a need to use public transport, it is better to use a gauze bandage. This once again will protect you from a possible virus, and therefore protect you from a serious illness with possible complications.

Treatment of ARVI

ARVI is treated with antiviral agents. In some cases, you can, of course, do without them, but this happens extremely rarely. Because high temperatures (above 38.5 degrees) must be brought down. In addition, the patient really wants to quickly get relief from an unpleasant sore throat, runny nose and annoying cough.

You can help your immune system by drinking plenty of fluids, eating light foods and staying cool. moist air(75-90% at 17-19 0 C). If you don't follow these simple rules, then even the most expensive medicines will not help.

In addition, from the very first days of the disease, it is necessary to support the body with immunostimulating agents - echinacea, eleutherococcus, etc. Antiviral drugs must be taken at the onset of the disease. This is more effective, since at this moment the virus actively multiplies.

At the same time, you should not overload the body with all kinds of potent drugs. Basically, the virus “burns out” within a week.

Ambulance required if...

Upper respiratory tract diseases are not catastrophic, so there is no need to panic or be afraid. The point is not how an acute respiratory infection differs from an acute respiratory viral infection, but that you should consult a doctor at the first symptoms, without triggering the disease or self-medicating.

ARVI and acute respiratory infections: what is the difference?

For a cold with standard symptoms, doctors most often diagnose acute respiratory infections or acute respiratory viral infections. Many people believe that these diagnoses are the same disease. In fact, this opinion is wrong. Acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections have similar symptoms, but require different treatment. What differences and similarities exist between these diagnoses we will consider in our article.

What are the similarities between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections?

ARI and ARVI have a similar course of the disease. Moreover, the disease occurs in the same way in both children and adults.

1. The method of transmission of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections is usually through airborne droplets.
2. The main feature is considered to be the location of the pathogen - both diagnoses affect the respiratory tract.

Simplified scheme of acute respiratory infections

Differences between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

Below we will look at the main differences between these two diseases.

Pathogen

The main difference between both diagnoses is the pathogen.

It often happens that a person falls ill with an acute respiratory disease, which in turn is caused by bacteria (staphylococcus, streptococcus, pertussis, etc.). In this case, after a few days, a viral infection occurs. As a rule, doctors do not bother and diagnose acute respiratory infections.

Infographics: differences between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

Localization of the pathogen

Depending on the location of the pathogen, the following diseases related to acute respiratory infections are distinguished:

• If the causative agent of the disease is located in the larynx, most likely the diagnosis is pharyngitis or tonsillitis.
• If it's in the nose, it's rhinitis.
• If in the larynx - laryngitis.
• If in the bronchi - tracheitis, bronchitis.

Seasonality

Since viruses and various bacteria are constantly in the air, you can get sick with acute respiratory viral infections or acute respiratory infections at absolutely any time of the year.

• According to statistics, the period of February-March is considered to be the ARVI season.
• Frequent outbreaks of acute respiratory infections in children and adults occur in April and September.

Incubation period

• In viral acute respiratory infections incubation period very short - 1-5 days.
• In bacterial acute respiratory infections it is longer - 2-14 days.

How to determine the diagnosis

As mentioned above, the symptoms of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections are very similar, but there are some peculiarities.

For acute respiratory viral infections characteristic:

• general malaise,
• drowsiness,
• sneezing and runny nose with watery discharge.
• In some cases, purulent plaque is observed on the mucous membrane of the larynx.
• Body temperature usually rises within 2-3 days and remains at subfebrile levels.
• As soon as the state of health returns to normal, an expectorant cough appears.

Concerning acute respiratory diseases, they are characterized by:

• Sharp pain in the throat, the mucous membrane of the larynx is bright red.
• Body temperature rises almost immediately and stays at 38 to 39 degrees.
• A wet cough appears.

Of course, symptoms alone are not enough to make a correct diagnosis. For this reason, doctors prescribe tests ( general analysis blood, urine) to identify the pathogen and the presence of infection in the body.

Treatment of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

If your acute respiratory illness is severe, your doctor will most likely prescribe you antibacterial drugs.

Acute respiratory viral infection is treated with antiviral drugs. Perhaps this is the only difference in the treatment of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections.

Otherwise, the treatment is practically the same. Let's look at how the disease is treated in adults (in children - similarly):

• drugs to lower body temperature,
• vasoconstrictor drops or nasal sprays,
• anti-inflammatory drugs for the throat,
• mucolytic cough suppressants.

The general rules for the treatment of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections are:

• compliance with bed rest,
• drinking large amounts of liquid,
• regular ventilation of the room.

The difference between influenza and acute respiratory infections

Influenza is an acute respiratory viral infection. However, today it is generally accepted that influenza is a separate disease of viral etiology, which is more severe, in contrast to acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, and most often gives complications.

The disease is caused by orthomyxovirus, which can cause serious harm to the body. In some cases, death may occur. This infection is contagious and can cause a massive epidemic.

Table: Differences between colds, ARVI and flu

We can conclude that influenza, acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections are classified as colds. However, with the flu, symptoms develop much faster, and after recovery, it takes much longer for the body to fully recover.

There are situations when a patient after the flu feels general malaise, fatigue and drowsiness for several weeks after complete recovery.

Komarovsky's opinion

Komarovsky believes that today ARVI is considered the most popular disease. The doctor answers the questions of many mothers specifically: ARVI is a disease caused by a viral infection.

In autumn and spring, when the body is weakened and exposed to stressful situation(weather conditions change sharply - transition from heat to cold and vice versa), often in medical cards Well-known abbreviations and doctors’ opinions “ARI” and “ARVI” appear.

At first glance, it seems that these are completely different diseases, because there is no point in coming up with separate names for the same diseases. But in fact, the difference between them is not great if we evaluate diseases by symptoms, but their causative agents differ, which determines the treatment strategy.

What are acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections?

The key to understanding the difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections lies in deciphering the abbreviations:

• ARI – acute respiratory disease;
• ARVI is an acute respiratory viral infection.

So, acute respiratory infection is a disease characterized by an acute course of symptoms affecting the respiratory system, since “respiratory” means “relating to breathing.”

Acute respiratory infections are a collection of different symptoms that can be caused by both bacteria and viruses.

At the same time, ARVI is the same as acute respiratory infection, an acute disease, the symptoms of which are manifested in disruption of the respiratory system, but in this case the causative agent is known - it is a virus.

What is the difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections?

So, the main difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections is that the first disease can be caused by both bacteria and viruses, and the second only by viruses.

To accurately determine what caused the disease, it is often necessary to conduct a special analysis of the microflora of the throat, the deciphering of which takes quite a lot of time. Therefore, it is appropriate to carry out such tests only for chronic throat diseases, and in the acute course of the disease, prompt diagnosis and treatment are required.

In addition, often a viral infection, not finding proper resistance in the body, develops, and within a few days a bacterial infection joins it. Doctors identify this “mix” as acute respiratory infections. When it is known for certain that the causative agent is a virus, the doctor makes a diagnosis of ARVI.

Let's summarize what has been said with the help of theses:

1. Acute respiratory infections are a set of diseases that are caused by either bacteria or viruses.
2. ARVI is a type of acute respiratory infection characterized by viral etiology.
3. Acute respiratory infections most often occur after hypothermia, and acute respiratory viral infections - after infection from a source of viruses.
4. The causative agents of acute respiratory infections can be bacteria - streptococci, staphylococci, pneumococci, as well as viruses - pertussis, measles, respiratory syncytial, adenoviruses, influenza and parainfluenza viruses. The latter can also cause ARVI.

How to distinguish ARVI from acute respiratory infections by symptoms?

The symptoms of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections differ little, and that is why it is difficult for a non-specialist to distinguish them.

Signs of ARVI:

• sneezing, the formation of clear mucus in the nasopharynx is a natural reaction of the body to the invasion of viruses;
• general weakness;
• on the second or third day of the disease, a sharp jump in temperature to 38 degrees is possible, which does not last long; this is due to the virus entering the blood, which causes intoxication;
• there is a high probability that the virus will affect the mucous membranes of the eyes and gastrointestinal tract;
• at the final stage, in the presence of a cough and runny nose, they have a wet character.

Signs of acute respiratory infections:

• as a rule, the disease manifests itself clearly from the first days - the temperature rises, which lasts a long time, the throat either becomes covered with a white coating (with a sore throat) or looks red and inflamed (with pharyngitis);
• cough - first dry, then wet; bronchitis;
• nasopharyngitis - inflammation of the mucous membranes with the release of clear fluid, mucus or pus;
• tracheitis - usually occurs along with a dry cough.

You can distinguish a bacterial infection from a viral one by the appearance of the throat - a bacterial infection appears with a white coating, a viral infection with red streaks. Sputum due to a viral infection is clear. When bacterial, it has green, yellow and other shades.

Thus, the signs of ARVI and ARI are similar, and in order to distinguish them, it takes some time for characteristic symptoms to appear.

Treatment for acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

The treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections differs only if the acute respiratory infections are caused by bacteria. In this case, antibiotics are needed, to which the bacteria are sensitive. If an acute respiratory infection is of a combined nature, and is caused by both bacteria and viruses, then immunostimulating agents are also necessary. ARVI is treated with immunostimulating drugs, plenty of warm drinks and local treatment of the upper respiratory tract - sprays for the nose and throat, as well as inhalations.

What is the difference between ORZ and ODS?

Answers:

.

acute respiratory infections - more general concept, it unites all acute respiratory diseases, regardless of the infectious agent (whether it is a virus or a bacteria, it does not matter). ARVI (acute respiratory viral infection) is a more specific concept (but also refers to acute respiratory infections), uniting only those acute respiratory infections that are caused by viruses (and not, say, bacteria)
Here is a more detailed answer from honey. site (essentially the same as what I answered, only in more detail), “ICD” - international classification of diseases (deciphered just in case)
Scientific Center for Children's Health of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
What group of diseases is described by the term acute respiratory infections and is its use as a diagnosis justified?
ARI (acute respiratory disease) and its synonym ARI (acute respiratory infection), used in ICD-10, is a collective concept that unites nonspecific infectious acute diseases of the respiratory tract, regardless of their location - from the runny nose to pneumonia. The group of acute respiratory infections usually does not include “specific” acute infections (diphtheria, scarlet fever, whooping cough, etc.) that have fairly distinct diagnostic (clinical or laboratory) signs. Non-infectious lesions (allergic, chemical, etc.) of the respiratory system are also not included. The term acute respiratory infection (ARI of multiple and unspecified localization) is convenient for epidemiological purposes, since the forms included in it have much in common in transmission routes, pathogenesis and are often combined with each other. The term covers both viral and bacterial infections, the differential diagnosis between which is often difficult.
As a clinical diagnosis, the term acute respiratory infection (ARI) is of little use; its decoding is always desirable, i.e., an indication of organ damage (otitis, bronchitis, pharyngitis, pneumonia, etc.) or, at least, the nature of the pathogen that caused it ( viral, bacterial acute respiratory infections). ICD-10 also uses the terms “ARI with damage to the upper respiratory tract” and “ARI with damage to the lower respiratory tract” as collective terms with the corresponding headings; these same forms of “multiple and unspecified localization” can be used as narrower ones compared to acute respiratory infections (ARI).
What are the differences in the terms acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections?
The term ARVI - acute respiratory viral infection - refers to those acute respiratory infections (ARI) in which the etiological role of respiratory viruses has been proven or, more often, assumed. Typically, influenza is excluded from this group, which is diagnosed in the presence of characteristic symptoms (especially during an epidemic) or virological confirmation. The use of the term ARVI as a diagnosis, most often in the absence of virological confirmation, is justified by the fact that its formulation indicates a non-bacterial etiology of the disease and makes the prescription of antibacterial agents unnecessary.
It is more correct, of course, to supplement the diagnosis with an indication of the nature of the organ damage or, at least, its level - the upper or lower respiratory tract.

Alina Narilova

ARZ - acute respiratory disease... ARV - VIRAL)... sort of like that)

Personal Account Removed

I got sick myself, I caught a cold, but I caught the SARS virus (my immune system was weakened)

Yulia Timoshenko

No difference. Acute respiratory disease and acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI - correct). That is, disease and infection are one and the same.

Yuri Voitenko

One is just a cold acute respiratory infection, the second is an infectious acute respiratory viral infection (a viral infection is more contagious).

Anna Smirnova

Acute respiratory disease - acute respiratory disease
ARVI - acute viral infection
in short, the difference is the same as AIDS and HIV

Elena *

much of a muchness)

Julia

Acute respiratory disease (ARI) - cold (not contagious)
Acute respiratory and viral infections (ARVI) - viral infection
They differ little. The symptoms are the same. But they are treated with different drugs.

kristalina aurinova

I think it's a good riddle.

She

I can recommend a remedy that will help get rid of both one and the other
non-drug

ARI and ARVI - what is the difference?

Answers:

EdelveyS

ARI (acute respiratory disease) is a bacterial infection transmitted by airborne droplets.
ARVI is an acute respiratory VIRAL infection, transmitted in the same way.
Treatment varies.

Victor Bochkarev

I'm like that myself

What do you spit - green or white sputum - that's the difference

Alla Borisova

♍Galina Zhigunova♍

In general, they are the same, only the decoding is different: ARI is an acute respiratory disease, and ARVI is an acute respiratory viral infection.

How to distinguish acute respiratory infections from acute respiratory viral infections? And is there a difference?

Answers:

Mamulka

In fact, acute respiratory infections are all respiratory diseases with catarrhal symptoms (cough, runny nose, etc.) and fever. And ARVI is part of acute respiratory infections that are caused by viruses, for example, parainfluenza virus, influenza virus, adenoviruses, rhinoviruses, etc. (about 300 pieces).
That is, acute respiratory infections are a broader group of diseases, which include those caused by viruses (ARVI) - approximately 50% of all acute respiratory infections; as well as bacteria.

~ ~ ~ ~

People with acute respiratory infections get sick by drinking cold water. And ARVI gets infected from someone.
There is no significant difference in symptoms.

maru1218

acute respiratory disease and acute viral infection

Marquise

An acute respiratory infection is a cold, and an acute respiratory viral infection is a viral infection. With an acute respiratory viral infection, there is usually a high temperature at first, then everything else; with a cold, it’s often the other way around

HEL CHIMERA

acute respiratory disease (viruses are transmitted by airborne droplets)
acute respiratory viral infection

No difference

Ira Ivanova

ARVI is considered milder

Olga Olga

The symptoms are similar!
ARVI - doctors diagnose it when there is some kind of viral infection

Differences between Orz and Orvi What is the difference between Orz and Orvi? Are the treatments different?

Answers:

Egor Agafonov

ARI - acute respiratory disease (cold)
ARVI - acute respiratory viral infection (influenza)
ARVI mostly en masse, no acute respiratory infections!
If you have a low temperature, it’s more likely to be an acute respiratory infection!

Elena

how did they sell it? if I buy what I think is necessary, and not what the pharmacy employees want...

Snezhana

everything was sold to you correctly, rimantadine is also cheap, unlike arbidol and other drugs

Yakubovich Viktor

Acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections are the same thing, well, it’s not that a person is sick, but from the penetration of a pathogenic agent into the body - a virus - simply hypothermia reduces immunity
remantandin is the only antiviral drug that actually works, but it is for a specific strain of the influenza virus
all other advertised products are at best either weak immunomodulators or dummies like Kagocel or just Paracetamol and TERA flu
In the USA there are also one or two drugs TAMI FLUE, for example it works
And all these cyclofernic arbidols are sold only in the Russian Federation and are not registered in other countries
and were not independently tested only by the manufacturer
so ASPIRIN RASPBERRY JAM gargling BED REST if your legs hurt then there will be complications, anything from bronchitis to pneumonia and then you will have to eat antibiotics

Anna Mikhailenko

The main difference between acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections is that the first disease can be caused by both bacteria and viruses, and the second only by viruses.

Zhenya Pilyak

Why did they immediately “push” it? Galavit candles are generally a worthy thing. And they wrote correctly about Kagocel - a well-advertised dummy!

Ksenia Petrova

The symptoms of all these diseases are similar. Work with your immune system and you will never get sick!

What is the difference between acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections?

Answers:

Toad

I am tormented by vague suspicions that this is one and the same thing. They are deciphered differently, but earlier doctors diagnosed everyone with acute respiratory infections, and now they diagnose acute respiratory viral infections. Apparently, a directive came from above

Larisa Kozina

I’m not a doctor, but I believe that ARVI is a broader concept than acute respiratory infections, because the letter B stands for “viral”. Acute respiratory diseases are usually viral

Irina Smirnova

ARI is a generalized name for respiratory tract diseases, ARVI is a narrower concept.
ARVI is of viral origin, acute respiratory infections are viral, bacterial and microplasma.
In the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections, antibiotics are not used; in the treatment of acute respiratory infections, they can be used depending on the causative agent of the disease.
Acute respiratory infections are often more severe than acute respiratory viral infections.

Any person on our planet who has excellent health and good immunity has at least once encountered colds. Everyone is familiar with the abbreviations acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, but not everyone understands the difference between these concepts, because most often these diseases are associated with the same symptoms.

ARVI and acute respiratory infections occur at any time calendar year, although the main periods of outbreaks can be identified. For ARVI, this period falls at the end of February - beginning of March, when a person’s immunity is weakened, the body is depleted and there is a lack of vitamins.

Acute respiratory infections are more often diagnosed in the off-season, since the weather behaves unpredictably at this time, and people do not pay enough attention to changing their wardrobe, subsequently becoming hypothermic.

In summer and winter there is a general decline in population diseases. In summer this is due increased immunity and the body’s general resistance to hypothermia, and in winter – the minimum concentration of pathogens in the air.

So, what is the difference between these concepts?

ARI is an acute respiratory disease. Already from the expanded phrase it can be understood that acute respiratory infections are a general definition of any infectious diseases of the nasopharynx, lungs and throat, which are accompanied by obvious cold symptoms, which will be described below. This term is used by a doctor when the symptoms are obvious, but the pathogen is unknown, of which there are many: viruses, protozoa, bacteria or fungus.

ARVI is an acute respiratory viral infection. It becomes clear that this is a more specific diagnosis that will be made by a specialist if the disease is clearly caused by a virus. Experience will help the doctor in diagnosis, since colds caused by viruses proceed differently than those caused by bacteria - more acutely, necessarily affecting the respiratory system.

The most common types of ARVI

MS infection– a very common complication of such an infection is the development of bronchitis (the patient is tormented by a cough, after a while sputum begins to be produced).

– a common runny nose, which is caused by a viral infection, it affects only parts of the nasopharynx (dryness in it, or swelling and various kinds of discharge are observed).

– affects the larynx, which can subsequently develop into laryngitis (dry cough, hoarse voice, difficulty breathing).

Naturally, the doctor’s guess must be confirmed general blood analysis, the results of which often come when the human body has already coped with the disease.

Viral infections are more easily transmitted through the air and orally, and, naturally, become the culprits of epidemics much more often. If people applying for medical care with the same symptoms, there are many, doctors most often do not hesitate to diagnose ARVI. From the above, it is clear that the infection in these diseases is most often transmitted by airborne droplets; there are other methods of spread.

They can enter the body with food and, in addition to cold symptoms, can undermine the nervous system.

Let's summarize: ARVI is a diagnosis, and ARI is rather a general definition, a collective term used in the case of a vague picture of the origin of the causative agent of the disease.

Symptoms of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

The symptoms are very similar in all cases, but with ARVI they are more pronounced and more difficult for patients to tolerate.

Mainly:

• nasal congestion or runny nose;
• sneezing, dry cough, or cough with sputum production;
• sore throat;
• temperature rise within 38 degrees, sometimes higher;
• chills;
• enlargement of the lymph nodes often occurs;
• a feeling of general weakness in the body.

Combinations of the main symptoms can be anything, since different infectious agents are localized in different parts of the respiratory tract, throat, etc. Under no circumstances should you neglect colds, engage in self-diagnosis, or ignore visiting a doctor. Only a specialist will give you an accurate diagnosis and prescribe a competent course of treatment, because among acute respiratory viral infections there are diseases with a more severe course, such as influenza, which is dangerous for its various consequences.

During the flu, body temperature can rise to 39 degrees or higher, and, as a rule, remains long time. The patient feels “ache” throughout the body, muscle pain and headaches. Frequent dry cough is often accompanied by chest pain.

Among the complications after ARVI, it is also necessary to highlight:

• bronchitis;
• laryngitis, pharyngitis;
• sinusitis;
• otitis;
• pneumonia.

Treatment

A trip to the hospital is mandatory, because depending on the diagnosis and specific symptoms, specific treatment is prescribed.

For example, antibiotics act only on bacteria, and accordingly their use for ARVI and influenza is not only useless, but also harmful to health; at different types For cough and runny nose, different medications are prescribed. Antibiotics may be prescribed if the condition does not improve after 5 days of treatment. Their use is justified for pneumonia, pharyngitis, sinusitis and otitis media. The majority of infections are caused by viruses, therefore, it is antiviral drugs that will speed up recovery.

Let's bring examples of commonly prescribed drugs, their advantages and disadvantages.

Name	Advantages	Flaws	Price
	acts on viruses immediately after administration	acts on a narrow range of viruses	from 70 rub.
	acts on a wider range of viruses	After some time, the body blocks “not its own” interferon	from 255 rub.
	promotes the production of its own interferon	begins to act after 5-8 hours	from 187 rub.
	has antiviral activity and promotes the production of its own interferon	works well only in the initial stages of the disease	from 168 rub.

You yourself can and should help your body fight infection. in safe ways. Be sure to drink plenty of fluids and rest.

Seawater drops or a 0.9% aqueous solution of sodium chloride (“saline”) will help clear your nose and make breathing easier.

Saline solution (sodium chloride) for inhalation and nasal rinsing

To gargle a sore throat, you can use a warm solution of water with salt or soda, or a “furatsilin” solution.

In pharmacies there is a large assortment of lozenges and lozenges for sore throat, which will relieve symptoms and eliminate discomfort during swallowing.

Do not forget that various nasal and throat sprays may contain components that cause an allergic reaction; Therefore, before purchasing and using them, you should definitely consult a doctor.

If the increase in temperature is insignificant, then the use of drugs that bring it down is not necessary. It would be better if the body copes on its own. Taking vitamin C speeds up recovery and alleviates the condition.

Video - Treatment of influenza, ARVI and colds

Disease Prevention

It is impossible to completely protect yourself from acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, even if you have been vaccinated. The disease is caused by any pathogen, and viruses constantly mutate. However, you can reduce the likelihood of illness to a minimum. Mandatory hand washing, room ventilation, individual dishes are ways to minimize contact with pathogens.

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In terms of epidemic prevalence, acute respiratory diseases (ARIs) and acute respiratory viral infections (ARVIs) have left all known diseases far behind. Among all acute respiratory viral infections, influenza is the most severe and often with complications. Young children get sick with acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections 2 - 3 times a year and this is considered the norm. Prevention of acute respiratory infections is, first of all, good immunity.

The high incidence of respiratory infections is associated with a wide variety of viruses and bacteria that affect the upper respiratory tract:

• Respiratory A and B, parainfluenza, adeno-, rhino- and coronaviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses.
• Herpes viruses (cytomegaloviruses, etc.).
• Endogenous microflora (staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, etc.).
• Intracellular pathogens (chlamydia, mycoplasma).
• Bacteria (pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Legionella, etc.).

Among all viral agents, up to 50% are parainfluenza viruses, up to 15% are influenza viruses, up to 5% are adenoviruses, up to 4% are respiratory syncytial viruses, and up to 2.7% are mycoplasmas. A quarter of all infections are of a mixed nature.

Of all the above infections, only the influenza virus causes devastating pandemics with high morbidity and mortality.

What is the difference between acute respiratory infections and ARVI?

Until the source of infection is identified, it is necessary to use the more general term “acute respiratory disease” or ARI. If the doctor is sure that the cause of the respiratory infection is a virus, a diagnosis of “acute respiratory viral disease” or ARVI is made. If the cause of acute respiratory infections is bacteria, then a good therapeutic effect will be achieved through the use of antibiotics. If the cause of ARVI is influenza viruses, antiviral drugs are used, and the use of antibiotics will only cause harm.

How to distinguish flu from ARVI?

Flu differs from ARVI by pronounced symptoms of intoxication, which appear from the first hours of the disease. Redness of the soft palate and pharynx, high body temperature are the main signs of the flu.

Rice. 1. Influenza virus (3D model on the left and photo on the right).

Rice. 2. The photo shows paramyxoviruses. They cause diseases such as measles, mumps, parainfluenza, etc.

Rice. 3. The photo shows adenoviruses.

Rice. 4. The photo shows coronaviruses.

Rice. 5. The photo shows respiratory syncytial viruses (left) and rhinoviruses (right).

Epidemiology of respiratory diseases

The source of the disease is a sick person. Bacteria and viruses spread through airborne droplets. They reach the nasal mucosa and the conjunctiva of the eyes. The infection also spreads through household items of the patient with with dirty hands, when shaking hands and kissing.

In the fall, humans are more often affected by parainfluenza viruses, in the winter by respiratory syncytial and influenza viruses, in late summer and early autumn by enteroviruses, and adenoviruses infect humans throughout the year.

Signs and symptoms of ARVI

With acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is affected. The incubation period of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections is always short, the fever is short-lived and there are always signs of intoxication of varying degrees of severity.

Onset of the disease

Acute and sudden onset of the disease is characteristic of influenza, acute onset is characteristic of rhinovirus infection, gradual or acute with parainfluenza and adenovirus infection.

Signs and symptoms of ARVI with respiratory tract damage

With acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections, the mucous membrane of the nose (rhinitis), pharynx (pharyngitis), larynx (laryngitis) and bronchi (bronchitis) are affected. Combination pathology is common.

• Rhinovirus infection affects the nasal mucosa. The patient is bothered by a runny nose and sneezing. Discharge from the nose is watery and significant. The pharynx is hyperemic.
• When infected with adenoviruses, the mucous membrane of the tonsils (tonsillitis), larynx (pharyngitis) and conjunctiva of the eyes (conjunctivitis) are affected. The patient's face is pale, with severe conjunctivitis.
• When infected with parainfluenza viruses, symptoms of laryngitis (hoarse or rough voice) and larynx are observed. The cough is dry, the pharynx is slightly hyperemic. Appearance the patient is normal.
• When infected with respiratory syncytial viruses, the trachea (tracheitis) and bronchi (bronchitis) are affected, which is accompanied by a dry cough. There is pallor of the face.
• With the flu, from the 2-3rd day, nasal congestion and discharge are noted, dryness and sore throat are accompanied by a dry cough. The patient's face is puffy, hyperemic, the sclera is injected.

Rice. 6. The photo shows herpetic sore throat. On the mucous membrane of the soft palate and tonsils, small blisters (pustules) are visible, which merge, open and form ulcerations.

Fever is a constant symptom of ARVI

• With rhinovirus infection, the increase in body temperature is either absent or increases slightly.
• With adenovirus infection, the fever is high (above 38 ° C) and long-lasting (up to 10 days).
• When infected with parainfluenza viruses, body temperature rises gradually to subfebrile levels.
• With respiratory syncytial infection, body temperature rises gradually to moderate numbers.
• With influenza, body temperature reaches high levels from the first day of illness. Always accompanied by chills and a sharp headache. The pain is localized in the area of ​​the eyeballs and brow ridges.

Intoxication

• Of all acute respiratory viral infections, intoxication with influenza is the most pronounced. It is always accompanied by a sharp headache. The pain is localized in the area of ​​the eyeballs and brow ridges. Severe muscle and joint pain are constant symptoms of the disease.
• With parainfluenza and adenovirus infection, weakness and headache are mild. With parainfluenza, the patient may experience nausea and vomiting.
• With rhinovirus infection there is no intoxication.
• With respiratory syncytial infection, the symptoms of intoxication are moderate and include headache and weakness.

Enlarged regional lymph nodes

• With parainfluenza and rhinovirus infection, the lymph nodes do not enlarge.
• With influenza and respiratory syncytial infection, regional lymphadenitis is sometimes observed.
• With adenovirus infection, generalized lymphadenitis is often observed.

Liver enlargement

Liver enlargement is sometimes observed with adenoviral and respiratory syncytial infections.

Changes in the blood picture during acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

With ARVI, there is often a decrease in the number of leukocytes and an increase in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes.

For acute respiratory infections of a bacterial nature, the number of leukocytes increases, often with a neutrophilic shift to the left. A similar picture is observed with bacterial complications of ARVI.

Signs and symptoms of acute respiratory infections of a bacterial nature

Determining the nature of acute respiratory infections is the most important moment in the diagnostic process. If the cause of acute respiratory infections is bacteria or mycoplasmas, then a good therapeutic effect will be achieved through the use of antibiotics. If the cause of ARVI is influenza viruses, antiviral drugs are used, and the use of antibiotics will only cause harm.

• With mycoplasma infection of the respiratory sections, the disease develops gradually and lasts a long time. It is quite difficult to distinguish mycoplasma lesions from other diseases of the upper respiratory tract. Outbreaks of acute respiratory infections of mycoplasma nature are often observed in large groups.
• Pharyngitis with streptococcal infection is characterized by pronounced hyperemia of the pharynx, which occurs due to the effect of the pathogen’s toxin.
• When the mucous membrane of the nose and pharynx is affected. Rhinitis and pharyngitis are often preceded by generalized meningococcal infection. The diagnosis will be confirmed by bacteriological examination of nasopharyngeal mucus for meningococcus. It is also necessary to take into account the epidemic situation.

Rice. 7. The photo shows acute catarrhal tonsillitis. There is hyperemia in the area of ​​the lateral ridges and larynx. The cause of the disease is streptococci.

Complications of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections

• One of the most severe complications of influenza is infectious-toxic shock, in which acute cardiovascular failure, pulmonary and cerebral edema, and DIC develop. In the fulminant form of influenza, infectious-toxic shock develops on the first day of the disease. Pneumonia(viral, bacterial or mixed) develops in 15 - 30% of cases. It is always severe and often ends in death.
• Aseptic meningitis and meningoencephalitis.
• Infectious-allergic myocarditis and pericarditis.
• Rhabdomyolysis syndrome, which is characterized by the destruction of muscle cells and the subsequent development of acute renal failure.
• Parainfluenza becomes more complicated bronchitis.
• Adenoviral infection is complicated tonsillitis, otitis media, sinusitis And myocarditis.
• Respiratory syncytial infection becomes more complicated pneumonia.
• Rhinovirus infection can lead to exacerbations of diseases of the ENT organs.

Rice. 8. Acute right-sided sinusitis. The disease can be caused by a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract - rhinovirus infection. On the radiograph, liquid pus has a horizontal level.

Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections

Treatment for acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections is aimed at:

• on the causative agent of the disease (viruses or bacteria),
• at all stages of pathogenesis (fighting intoxication, reducing allergenicity, increasing immunity),
• to relieve symptoms of the disease.

1. Treatment regimen

Bed rest is prescribed for the entire period of fever.

2. Antiviral drugs for the prevention and treatment of influenza

To prevent and treat influenza, drugs that inhibit the viral enzyme neuramidase are widely used. Neuramidase promotes the separation of newly formed viral particles from the host cell for subsequent penetration into new cells.

Drugs in this group are active against the influenza A virus and the influenza B virus. They prevent the development of the inflammatory reaction, relieve fever, muscle and joint pain, and restore appetite.

The drugs are effective when taken within the first 48 hours of the onset of the disease. If you have the flu, use it for 5 days. To prevent the disease - 4 - 6 weeks.

Drugs in this group include:

• Zamavir (Relenza), is used intranasally. The drug has a rapid antiviral effect due to the inhalation route of administration, which provides a high concentration of the drug in the affected area in as soon as possible.
• (Oseltamivir) blocks the surface protein of influenza A and B virus neuraminidase, which promotes the separation of newly formed viral particles from the cell for subsequent penetration into new host cells. Taking Tamiflu shortens the healing time and reduces the incidence of complications.
• Ingavirin- a complex drug with antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. Active against influenza A and B, including swine flu. Ingavirin suppresses the reproduction of viruses, promotes an increase in interferons in the blood and NK-T cells that destroy viruses, and has an anti-inflammatory effect, as it suppresses the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
• today it is the most studied drug developed by domestic scientists. It has an inhibitory effect not only on influenza A and B viruses, but also on other viruses that cause respiratory diseases, and stimulates the work of phagocytes. Resistance to Arbidol is practically not developed. It is used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. When taking Arbidol, the duration of treatment is reduced and the number of post-influenza complications is significantly reduced.

Rice. 9. Capsules and powder for the preparation of Tamiflu suspensions for the prevention of children from the 1st year of life and adults. Has antiviral activity.

Rice. 10. Antiviral agent - Ingavirin in capsules.

Rice. 11. The antiviral drug Arbidol in tablets and maximum Arbidol in capsules is used in children from 3 years of age and in adults.

Antiviral drugs are used only during influenza epidemics. In all other cases they are ineffective. In the structure of acute respiratory diseases, influenza makes up about 10%.

3. Antiviral drugs for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory infections

Ribavirin has activity against many viruses. The drug is used to treat infections caused by respiratory syncytial viruses.

Shows activity against influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses. Used for the prevention and treatment of influenza and other acute respiratory viral infections

4. Treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections with immune stimulants

Interferon inducers - immune stimulants

Interferons in the human body are produced in response to the invasion of a virus into a cell. They inhibit viral replication by blocking specific viral surface proteins, thereby preventing viral replication and spread. Interferons are produced much faster than antibodies and other immune components.

Interferon inducer drugs cause the synthesis of their own α- and β-interferons in leukocytes, macrophages, epithelial cells, tissues of the spleen, liver, lungs and brain, thereby correcting the immune status of the body. Interferon inducers are represented by natural and synthetic compounds:

• Amiksin- a synthetic drug that promotes the production of endogenous interferon by intestinal epithelial cells, liver, T-lymphocytes and granulocytes. Taken from the first hours of illness.
• Cycloferon- a synthetic drug that promotes the production of endogenous interferon-α. Quickly penetrates into various organs, tissues and biological fluids, including the brain. Patients tolerate this drug well. In addition, Cycloferon prevents the destruction of respiratory tract epithelium by viruses and increases the production of lysozyme in saliva.
• Kagocel- induces the production of late interferon in almost all cell populations that are responsible for the immune response. The drug circulates in the bloodstream for up to 5 days.
• Ridostin- a natural preparation obtained from lysate (products of cell breakdown into fragments) of killer yeast Saccharamyces cervisiae. Ridostin, on the one hand, stimulates the production of bone marrow stem cells, on the other hand, it activates the work of the cellular immune system - macrophages and neutrophils, and affects the level of corticosteroid hormones, which are so necessary to fight inflammation.
• Dibazol- a synthetic drug that promotes the production of endogenous interferon. Used to prevent influenza.
• Vireferon- a synthetic drug that promotes the production of endogenous interferon α -2b. Tocopherol acetate and ascorbic acid included in the drug stabilize cell membrane susceptible to destruction by influenza viruses.

Rice. 12. Drugs for the treatment and prevention of acute respiratory infections - interferon stimulants Kagocel and Amiksin.

Interferon preparations

Interferons in the human body are secreted by a number of cells in response to invading viruses. They are produced by blood cells and are able to suppress the proliferation of viruses in infected cells. Interferon preparations are obtained from donor blood and are created using genetic engineering.

This group includes Reaferon, Realdiron, Betaferon, Roferon A, Intron A, Wellferon, human leukocyte interferron.

Grippferon— genetically engineered recombinant drug interferon α-2b. It is active against a number of viruses that cause acute respiratory diseases - influenza virus, corona viruses, rhinoviruses, adenoviruses, influenza viruses and parainfluenza. Grippferon has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. When taking Grippferon, the treatment time for ARVI is reduced and the number of complications is significantly reduced.

Rice. 13. The photo shows interferon preparations: Human leukocyte interferon and Grippferon.

Drugs with interferon-inducing activity

Drugs with interferon-inducing activity include Imunofan, Broncho-munale, Ribomunile, IRS-19 etc. They act directly on phagocyte cells (neutrophils and monocytes) and lymphocytes, increasing their activity, stimulating the synthesis of cytokines, and enhancing the activity of T-lymphocytes of killer cells.

Drugs of this group are used for immunodeficiency states and toxicosis in children, chronic inflammatory diseases of various etiologies in adults. Their use improves the prognosis of ARVI and the quality of life of patients.

Rice. 14. The photo shows drugs with interferon-inducing activity: Imunofan and IRS-19.

Tamiflu, Ingavirin, Kagocel and Arbidol are drugs recommended for the treatment and prevention of influenza by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in 2016. They are highly effective during the first 3 days of the disease. On the 4th day their effectiveness decreases to 50%. Before taking these medications, you must carefully read the instructions.

5. Treatment of acute respiratory infections with antibacterial drugs

Antibacterial drugs are used in the following cases:

• Acute respiratory infections of a bacterial nature (staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, chlamydia, mycoplasma, pneumococci, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Legionella, etc.).
• For complications of acute respiratory infections of a bacterial nature (pneumonia, otitis, sinusitis, etc.).
• With exacerbation of chronic pathology (chronic pyelonephritis, etc.).

Purpose antibacterial drugs in adequate dosages to ensure their maximum concentration in the tissues of the patient’s affected organ is carried out by a doctor. Antibiotics do not work on viruses! Do not use antibiotics for prophylactic purposes!

6. Symptomatic treatment in the treatment of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections

The results of treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections will be successful if, in addition to the prescription of antiviral drugs and immunocorrection, symptomatic drugs are prescribed. ARVI and acute respiratory infections often occur with chills, headaches, muscle and joint pain, general weakness and lack of appetite - symptoms that are difficult for patients to tolerate. In pharmacies you can find multicomponent drugs. They are easy to use. In addition, many of them are available without a doctor's prescription.

Treatment of fever

Bed rest is prescribed for the entire period of fever. In case of severe disease, the patient is hospitalized in a medical institution.

Diaphoretic drinks in the form of decoction and infusion of treated herbs, vitamin drinks in the form of tea with lemon, rosehip decoction, alkaline mineral waters will help remove toxins from the body.

Paracetamol And Ibuprofen- drugs of choice for high fever and pain .

Contains paracetamol Panadol And Efferalgan. Paracetamol is part of such complex drugs as TeraFlu, Fervex, Coldrex, Tylenol, Rinza, Grippostad etc. Paracetamol acts only on the pain and thermoregulation centers of the hypothalamus. Paracetamol, unlike acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), causes erosive and ulcerative lesions of the stomach and bronchospasm extremely rarely. The drug has no effect on renal blood flow and does not have an antiaggregation effect. Liver damage occurs only with long-term use of the drug in excessive doses.

Preparations containing acetylsalicylic acid are contraindicated for children under 15 years of age due to the possible development of Reye's syndrome, which is characterized by the development of encephalopathy and acute fatty liver degeneration.

Rice. 15. Medicine for pain relief. The active ingredient is paracetamol.

Rice. 16. Medicine for pain relief. The active ingredient is ibuprofen.

Strictly follow the instructions for use of the drugs. Do not use painkillers for more than 10 days!

Cough treatment

A dry, nonproductive cough dramatically worsens the patient's quality of life. Facilitate mucus discharge and relieve irritation of the upper respiratory tract such drugs as Codelac, Broncho, Stoptussin, Linex, Gerbion.

Bromhexine reduces the viscosity of sputum and stimulates the motor function of the respiratory tract. Bronholitin reduces cough and dilates bronchi.

Treatment of nasal congestion

With ARVI, the patient is often bothered by nasal congestion. In addition, an increase in secretion production and a decrease in the activity of epithelial cells lead to the creation of ideal conditions for the development of a secondary infection. The use of vasoconstrictors in the form of nasal decongestants (from congestion - blockage, stagnation) alleviates the condition of patients and reduces the symptoms of the disease. Nasal discharge and mucosal swelling are reduced, and nasal breathing is restored.

Decongestants come in different durations of action - from 4 to 12 hours. They are produced in the form of drops and sprays.

Do not use decongestants in the form of sprays for more than 3-5 days!

Rice. 17. Using a nasal spray will ease the symptoms of the disease.

Decongestants with phenylephrine (a systemic decongestant) are the only ones that are allowed to be dispensed in the Russian pharmacy chain without a prescription. Preparations with phenylephrine do not irritate the mucous membrane of the nasal passages and do not cause dryness.

Rice. 18. Phenylephrine-containing drugs Otrivin, Xymelin, Xylen, Galazolin, DlyaNos and Xylometazoline are the safest drugs for the treatment of runny nose in acute respiratory infections.

Other drugs

• The feeling of lethargy and fatigue will be eased by caffeine medications.
• Preparations containing ascorbic acid. The body is able to absorb a dose of up to 200 mg per day. Excessive consumption ascorbic acid leads to undesirable side effects - allergic reactions, irritation of the gastric mucosa, etc.
• If you have a history of allergies, antihistamines are indicated Suprastin And Tavegil.

Combination drugs for the symptomatic treatment of influenza

In the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections, preference is given to combined (complex) drugs. Their active components have a therapeutic effect on symptoms of diseases such as cough, sore throat, swelling of the nasopharynx, fever, weakness, headache, muscle and joint pain, which are difficult for patients to tolerate.

Advantages of combination drugs:

• balanced doses of the drugs included in the composition,
• they are easy to use,
• Treatment with combination drugs is cheaper,
• acquire combination drugs can be done without a prescription from a doctor.

TheraFlu is a rational combination of antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, decongestant, analgesic and antiallergic components.

Indispensable in the treatment of influenza and ARVI Fervex, Rinza, Tylenol, Grippostad.

Topical medications will ease the condition - Doctor Mom cold ointment, Tussamag cold balm.

Rice. 19. Fervex and Tylenol will relieve pain and fever from colds.

Complex preparations often contain antihistamines Pheniramine, Chlorpheniramine, Promethazine. The drugs reduce the level of exudation during inflammatory reactions, have a calming effect and improve sleep.

Drugs containing H1-histamine receptor blockers should be taken with caution by persons whose work requires attention and quick reaction (car drivers, etc.).

Composition of some complex drugs for the treatment of acute respiratory viral infections and acute respiratory infections

A drug	TeraFlu	Fervex	Coldrex	Tylenol	Rinza	Grippostad
Paracetamol	+	+	+	+	+	+
Antitussive			+	+
Antihistamine	+	+		+	+
Vasoconstrictors	+		+	+	+
Caffeine			+		+
Vitamin C		+	+			+

Treatment of acute respiratory infections should be comprehensive and adequate to the severity of the disease, aimed at all links in the pathogenesis of this often serious disease, taking into account the development of complications. Correct assessment of the patient's condition and timely initiation of treatment guarantees a successful cure.

With the right treatment:

• the period of fever is shortened,
• symptoms of intoxication are reduced,
• catarrhal symptoms decrease,
• the incidence of complications is reduced.

Tamiflu, Ingavirin, Kagocel and Arbidol— drugs recommended for the treatment and prevention of influenza by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. They are highly effective during the first 3 days of the disease. On the 4th day their effectiveness decreases to 50%. Before taking these medications, you must carefully read the instructions.

Those who often suffer from colds are well aware of the abbreviations ARI and ARVI: acute respiratory disease and acute respiratory viral infection. The word “respiratory” means “respiratory”, i.e. it is a disease of the respiratory tract. Both diagnoses are characterized by symptoms:

• runny nose;
• sore throat;
• cough;
• elevated temperature.

It seems to an uninformed person that acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections are one and the same disease, which for some reason are called differently. But they still have differences. But what to do when a cough does not go away after an acute respiratory infection and what measures should be taken is indicated

What is the difference

ARVI is caused by viruses. There are not so many respiratory viruses: influenza, parainfluenza, rhinovirus, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial infection. The diagnosis of ARVI is made when the proven or suspected causative agent is a respiratory virus. These infections are easily transmitted by airborne droplets.

Also, when studying diseases, it is worth paying attention to

The video shows the difference between the diseases:

How to distinguish acute respiratory infections from acute respiratory viral infections by symptoms

Difference in treatment

Treatment of diseases is very similar. Medicines used:

1. Anti-inflammatory non-steroidal. They will relieve pain and lower the temperature. These drugs include: Such medications may have different names, but their active ingredients are most often ibuprofen or paracetamol.
2. Antihistamines for allergy relief(suprastin, tavigil, fenistil, semprex, etc.)

   

   Great option for relieving allergy symptoms

3. Nasal drops. These may be compositions for rinsing the nasal passages. For severe nasal congestion, vasodilator drops will make breathing easier. But they need to be used with great caution, they quickly become addictive, doses have to be increased for greater effectiveness, then it is difficult to do without them, treatment of a runny nose takes longer, and there may even be pathological changes.

   

   Any drops into the nose should be treated with caution, as very rapid ingestion is possible.

4. The throat is treated by gargling with disinfectant solutions, using herbal decoctions of chamomile, calendula, and sage.. Disinfectant sprays can be used.

   

   Sprays may vary in their effect, but it is best to choose ones with natural ingredients

5. Expectorant and antitussive medications (for example, ACC,) are described in the link.

   

   ACC is used for sore throats, very effective remedy for affordable money

But what are the most common signs of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory infections in adults, and what drugs should be used first?

This is common in the treatment of diseases. What's the difference?

The main difference in treatment: if an acute respiratory infection is diagnosed, then the inflammation is caused by microbes, so antibiotics are used in treatment. Only the doctor will select them correctly and prescribe them! It is very important to start taking them on time, avoiding complications. This is where the difficulty lies, because viruses cannot be treated with antibiotics.

If the diagnosis is incorrect, antibiotics will harm the body and will not cure the disease. If the infection is bacterial, then antibiotics should be taken immediately, from the very beginning of the disease. This is the most important argument in favor of urgently seeing a doctor.

But you can read how acute respiratory infections in children are treated and what remedies are used in this case first

The difference in prevention

What is common in the prevention of acute respiratory infections and acute respiratory viral infections is strengthening the immune system. This is facilitated by:

• hardening;
• walks in the open air;
• playing sports;
• taking a complex of vitamins and minerals, which is best selected with a doctor;
• taking immunomodulators.

Strong immunity depends largely on the state of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, you need to adhere to your diet and be careful with your diet choices during cold seasons. Nutrition should be balanced in proteins, fats, carbohydrates, rich in fiber, vitamins and microelements. But how to treat acute respiratory infections in adults and what drugs should be used first is indicated

There are differences in the prevention of respiratory diseases.

Prevention of acute respiratory infections:

• avoid hypothermia;
• do not let your shoes get wet;
• control stress and fatigue.

To prevent ARVI, it is important to avoid viruses! During epidemics, if possible, you should:

1. Get vaccinated in advance against the strain of the virus that is expected to cause an epidemic.
2. Not in places large cluster of people. If you cannot do without it, you need to wear protective masks, wash your hands more often and thoroughly.
3. Breathe better with your nose When you come from the street, your nasal passages need to be rinsed.
4. Limit contact with a sick person, do not use his personal hygiene items, dishes, towels, etc.

The video shows how ARVI is prevented:

Difference in incubation period length

The incubation period is the period of time from the moment the virus enters the body until its symptoms appear. How long can the incubation period of ARVI last? This question is difficult to answer. It all depends:

1. From the type of virus. Thus, the incubation period of rhinovirus is from 1 to 5 days, adenovirus is from 2 to 14 days, influenza viruses is from 1 to 5 days. What medications are the most effective for acute respiratory infections and colds?
2. From human immunity. If the immune system is strong, then a person will not get sick even if the virus enters the body, but will only be its carrier during the incubation period. If your immune system is weak, you can get sick within a few hours of infection.

On average, the incubation period for ARVI can last from 2 hours to 5 days. The virus will manifest itself if immunity decreases during this period of time.

It can be difficult to make a correct diagnosis of respiratory illnesses at the very beginning. At the first symptoms of the disease, you need to limit contact with other people, consult a doctor and follow all his recommendations.

Advanced stages of respiratory diseases threaten complications with hospitalization and treatment in a hospital. Avoid complications!