Planning
General rules for drawing up a plan when working with text
- Read the text, think about what you read.
- Break the text into meaningful parts and title them. Headings should convey the main idea of each fragment.
- Check whether the points of the plan reflect the main idea of the text, whether the next point of the plan is connected with the previous one.
- Check whether, guided by this plan, it is possible to reveal the main idea of the text.
How to make a simple plan.
- Read the text.
- Divide the text into parts and highlight the main idea in each of them.
- Title the parts.
- Read the text a second time and check that all the main ideas are reflected in the outline.
- Write down the plan.
How to make a complex plan.
- Read the material being studied carefully.
- Divide it into main semantic parts and title them.
- Divide the content of each item into semantic parts and title it (sub-items of the plan).
- Check whether they fully reflect the main content of the material being studied.
How to formulate
definition of a new concept
A concept is a form of thinking that reflects objects in their general essential characteristics. The definition reveals the content of the concept.
- Read about the subject or phenomenon whose definition you need to formulate. Highlight a new concept.
- Determine its essential features.
- Try to formulate the definition verbally, clearly stating these characteristics.
- Write down the definition, check whether it reveals the content of the concept.
Example.
In the text of the textbook we read:
After the reforms of the 60-70s. Productive forces began to develop faster and capitalist relations began to form.
An infrastructure began to be created, which included a complex of auxiliary sectors of the economy (roads, canals, ports, communications). The development of industry depends on the state of these industries.
Let's formulate the definition:
Infrastructure - this is a complex of auxiliary sectors of the economy (roads, canals, ports, communications), on the condition of which the development of industry depends.
How to make a chronological table
- Read the entire topic for which you are to compile a chronological table.
- As you read a second time, highlight the main events that will be included in the chronological table.
- Prepare a table in your notebook. Typically, it looks like this:
date | Event |
There can be as many rows in the table as there are dates and events you write down.
- Reading the text again, fill in the table.
- Write down in the chronological table only those events that are directly related to this topic.
- As a rule, a chronological table is compiled for any wars, so the first date in the table is the beginning of the war, and the last is the signing of an armistice or peace treaty (the date the war ended).
- After the table, you need to draw a conclusion about which side won and which was defeated, and indicate the terms of the peace treaty.
VI century — The legend about Prince Kiy, the founder of the city of Kyiv.
9th century — Formation of the Old Russian State
860 - Russian campaign against Constantinople.
882 - Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 - Oleg’s campaigns against Constantinople. Treaty with the Greeks. 944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - Revolt of the Drevlyans.
957 - Olga's embassy to Constantinople.
964-972 — Campaigns of Svyatoslav.
980-1015 - Reign of Vladimir I.
988 - Russia adopts Christianity.
1015 - Uprising in Novgorod against the Varangians.
1019-1054 - Reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1068-1072 - Public performances in Kyiv, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, Chernigov lands. 1097 - Lyubech Congress of Russian Princes.
1113 - Uprising in Kyiv.
1113-1125 - Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1136 — Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 - First mention in the chronicle of Moscow.
Beginning of the 12th - end of the 15th centuries. — Feudal fragmentation of Rus'.
1169 - Capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky.
1202 - Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1206-1227 - Reign of Genghis Khan.
1219-1221 — Conquest by the Mongol-Tatars Central Asia.
1223, May 31 - Battle of the Kalka River.
Beginning of the 13th century — Formation of the Lithuanian state.
1227-1255 - Reign of Batu.
1235-1243 — Conquest of Transcaucasia by the Mongol-Tatars.
1236 - Conquest of Volga Bulgaria by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237-1240 - Conquest of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237 - Formation of the Livonian Order.
1238 March 4 - Battle of the City River.
1240, July 15 - Battle of the Neva.
1242, April 5 - Battle of the Ice.
1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1247 - Formation of the Tver Principality.
1252-1263 - Alexander Nevsky - Grand Duke Vladimirsky.
1262 - Uprisings in Russian cities against the Mongol-Tatars.
1276 - Formation of the Moscow Principality.
1299 — Metropolitan moves from Kyiv to Vladimir.
1301 - Annexation of Kolomna to Moscow.
1302 - Pereyaslavl-Zalessky joins the Moscow Principality.
1303 - Annexation of Mozhaisk to Moscow.
1310 - Adoption of Islam as the state religion of the Golden Horde.
About 1313-1392 - Sergius of Radonezh.
1327 - Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1328 - Transfer of the center of the metropolis to Moscow.
1359-1389 - Reign of Dmitry Donskoy in Moscow (from 1363 - Grand Duke of Vladimir). OK. 1360-1430 - Andrey Rublev.
1363 - Victory of Lithuanian troops over the Horde at Blue Waters. Entry of Kyiv into Lithuania.
1367 - Construction of the white stone Kremlin in Moscow.
1378 - First victory over the Golden Horde on the Vozha River.
1380, September 8 - Battle of Kulikovo.
1382 - Defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1385 - Union of Krevo between Lithuania and Poland.
1393 - Accession Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow.
1395 - Timur destroys the Golden Horde.
1410, July 15 - Battle of Grunwald.
1425-1453 - Great feudal war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1437 - Formation of the Kazan Khanate.
1439 - Union of Florence. 1443 - Formation of the Crimean Khanate.
1448 - Election of Jonah to the Russian metropolis. Russian autocephaly Orthodox Church.
1453 - Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462-1505 — Reign of Ivan III
1463 - Annexation of the Yaroslavl principality to Moscow.
1469-1472 — Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471 - Battle on the river. Sheloni of Moscow and Novgorod troops.
1474 - Rostov the Great joins Moscow.
1478 - Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - Standing on the Ugra River. The final overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1484-1508 - Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485 - Annexation of Tver to Moscow.
1489 - Annexation of the Vyatka land to Moscow.
1497 - Code of Law of Ivan III.
End of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries. — Formation of the Russian centralized state.
1500-1503, 1507-1508, 1512-1522, 1534-1537 - Russian-Lithuanian wars.
1502 - End of the Golden Horde.
1503 — Church Cathedral on the issue of monastic land ownership (Nil Sorsky - Joseph Volotsky). 1505-1533 — Reign of Vasily III.
1510 - Pskov joins Moscow.
1514 - Annexation of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521 - Annexation of the Ryazan and Seversk lands to Moscow.
1533-1584 (from January 16, 1647 - Tsar) - Reign of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547 - Uprising in Moscow. 1549 - The convening of Zemsky Sobors begins.
1550 - Code of Law of Ivan IV.
1551 - Hundred-Glavy Cathedral.
1552 - Annexation of the Kazan Khanate to Moscow
1552-1557 - The Volga region joins Russia.
1556 - Annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia.
1558-1583 - Livonian War.
1561 - Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 - Book printing begins in Russia. "Apostle".
1565-1572 - Oprichnina.
1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
1581 - First mention of reserved years.
1581 - Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582 - Yam-Zapolsky truce with Poland.
1583 - Peace of Plus with Sweden.
1589 - Establishment of the Patriarchate. Patriarch Job.
1591 - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich.
1592 - Compilation of scribal and census books.
1595 - Treaty of Tyavzin with Sweden.
1596 - Brest Church Union.
1597 - Decree on a five-year search for fugitives.
1598-1605 - Board of B.F. Godunov.
1603-1604 - Cotton's Rebellion.
1605-1606 — Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606-1607 - Rebellion of I.I. Bolotnikov.
1606-1610 - Reign of Vasily Shuisky.
1607 - Decree on a fifteen-year search for fugitives
1607-1610 - False Dmitry II. Tushino camp.
1610-1613 - Seven Boyars.
1611, March-July - First militia.
1612, October 26 - Liberation of Moscow from the invaders by the people's militia under the leadership of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky.
1613, February 21 - Election of M.F. Romanov to the kingdom.
1617 - Peace of Stolbovo with Sweden.
1618 - Deulin truce with Poland
1645-1676 - Reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648-1654 — Liberation war of the Ukrainian people against the Poles under the leadership of B. Khmelnytsky.
1649 - Council Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1649 - Peace of Zborov.
1651 - Peace of Belotserkov.
1651 - Beginning of reforms of Patriarch Nikon. Split.
1654, January 8 - Pereyaslavl Rada.
1654-1667 - War with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1661 - Peace of Kardis with Sweden.
1662 - “Copper riot” in Moscow.
1667 - Andrusovo truce with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667-1669 - “Campaign for zipuns.”
1667 — New Trade Charter
1667-1676 - Solovetsky uprising.
1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S.T. Razin
1676-1682 - reign of Fyodor Alekseevich.
1676-1681 - War between Russia and Turkey.
1682, 1698 - Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682 - Abolition of localism.
1682-1689 - Reign of Sophia.
1682-1725 — Reign of Peter I, until
1696 together with Ivan V (from 1682 to 1689 - under the regency of Sophia)
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 - Opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
1687, 1689 - Crimean campaigns of V.V. Golitsyn.
1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China. 1695, 1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I.
1697-1698 - “Great Embassy”.
1700-1721 - Northern War.
1700, January 1 - Introduction of a new calendar
1703, May 16 - Founding of St. Petersburg.
1707-1708 - uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1708-1710 - Establishment of provinces.
1709, June 27 - Battle of Poltava.
1710-1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 - Establishment of the Senate.
1713 - Transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg.
1714 - Decree on unified inheritance.
1714, July 27 - Victory of the Russian fleet at Cape Gangut.
1718-1721 - Establishment of colleges.
1720 - Victory of the Russian fleet at Grengam Island.
1721 - Permission to buy peasants for factories.
1721, August 30 - Peace of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721 — Establishment of the Synod
1721, October 22 - Proclamation of Peter I as emperor.
1722 — Table of ranks.
1722 - Decree on succession to the throne: the emperor himself can appoint an heir to himself
1722-1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 - Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725-1727 — Reign of Catherine I.
1726-1730 - Supreme Privy Council.
1727-1730 — Reign of Peter P.
1730-1740 - Reign of Anna Ioannovna. Bironovism.
1731 - Abolition of sole inheritance.
1741-1761 — The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna.
1750 - Opening of the first Russian theater in Yaroslavl.
1755, January 25 - Foundation of Moscow University.
1756-1763 - Seven Years' War.
1761-1762— Reign of Peter Sh.
1762 - Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.
1762-1796 —The reign of Catherine II.
1764 - Secularization of church property.
1764 - Elimination of the hetmanate in Ukraine.
1768 - Beginning of issue of banknotes.
1767-1768 - Laid commission,
1768-1774 - Russian-Turkish War. Kuchuk-Kainardzhiysky world.
1771—Plague riot in Moscow.
1772, 1793, 1795 - Partitions of Poland.
1773-1775 - Rebellion of E.I. Pugachev.
1775 —- Institution on the provinces of the Russian Empire.
1780 - Declaration of Armed Neutrality.
1783 —- Treaty of Georgievsk. Transition of Eastern Georgia; under Russian protectorate.
1785 - Charters granted to the nobility and cities.
1787-1791 —Russian-Turkish War. Yassy world.
1796-1801 — Reign of Paul I
1797 - Manifesto on a three-day corvee.
1801-1825 - Reign of Alexander I Pavlovich.
1802 - Establishment of ministries in Russia.
1803 - Decree on “free cultivators”.
1804-1813 - Russian-Iranian War.
1805-1807 — Russia’s participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1805, November - Battle of Austerlitz.
1806-1812 - Russian-Turkish War.
1807 - Peace of Tilsit.
1810 - Creation State Council.
1812, June 12-December 21 - Patriotic War.
1812, July 22 - Union of the 1st and 2nd Russian armies near Smolensk.
1812, August 3-6—Battle of Smolensk.
1812, August 8 - Appointment of M.I. Kutuzov as commander-in-chief of the Russian army.
1812, August 26 - Battle of Borodino.
1812, September 1 - Meeting in Fili.
1812, October 7 - Leaving French army from Moscow.
1812, October 12 - Battle of Maloyaroslavets.
1812, November 14-17 - Crossing of French troops across the Berezina River.
1812, December 21 - Order of M.I. Kutuzov to the army on the expulsion of the French army from Russia. 1813-1814 — Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1814, September-1815, May - Congress of Vienna.
1816-1817 - Activities of the Union of Salvation.
1818-1821 — Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820 - Uprising in the Semenovsky regiment.
1821 - Formation of Southern Society.
1822 - Formation of the Northern Society. 1823 - Formation of the Society of United Slavs.
1825, December 14 - Decembrist uprising in St. Petersburg.
1825, December 29 -1826, January 3 - Uprising of the Chernigov regiment.
1825-1855 - Reign of Nicholas I Pavlovich.
1826 - Publication of the “cast iron” censorship charter.
1826-1828 — Russian-Iranian war.
1828-1829 - Russian-Turkish War.
1837 - Construction railway from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoe Selo.
1837-1841 — Management reform carried out by P.D. Kiselev state peasants. 1839-1843 — Monetary reform by E.F. Kankrin.
1842 - Publication of a decree on “obligated peasants.”
1844-1849 — Activities of the secret circle of M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1845 - Formation of the Slavic Society of St. Cyril and Methodius.
1853-1856 - Creation of the “Free Russian Printing House”.
1853, November - Battle of Sinope.
1854, September 2 - landing of Anglo-French troops in Crimea.
1854, September 2 - The sinking of the Russian fleet in the bay of Sevastopol.
1854, September 8 - Battle of the Alma River.
1854, September-1855, August - Defense of Sevastopol.
1855-1881 - Reign of Alexander II Nikolaevich.
1855, August - Battle of the Black River.
1855 - Signing of the Shimoda Treaty between Russia and Japan.
1855, November - Capture of the Kare fortress by Russian troops.
1856 - Paris Congress. 1860 - Beijing Treaty between Russia and China.
1861-1863 - Activities of the secret circle "Velikorus".
1861, February 19 - Abolition of serfdom in Russia.
1861-1864 — Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1864 - Judicial, zemstvo and school reforms.
1864-1885 - Conquest of Central Asia by Russia.
1866 - Formation of the Turkestan General Government.
1868 — Establishment of vassal dependence of the Bukhara Emirate on Russia.
1870 - Founding of the Russian section of the First International.
1870 - Publication of the “City Regulations”.
1873 - Creation of the Union of Three Emperors.
1874 - Military reform. Introduction of universal conscription.
1874 - First “going to the people.”
1875 — Treaty between Russia and Japan on the division of possessions on the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island.
1876 - The Khanate of Kokand joins Russia.
1876-1879 — Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1876 - Second “going to the people”
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish War.
1877, July-December - Defense of the Shipka Pass.
1878 - Signing of the Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 - Berlin Congress.
1879-1881 — Activities of the organization " People's will».
1879-1881 — Activities of the organization “Black Redistribution”.
1881, March 1 - Murder of Alexander P.
1881-1894 — Reign Alexandra III Alexandrovich.
1881 — Adoption of the “Regulations on measures to protect state security and public peace.”
1882 - Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1885 - Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T.S. Morozov in Orekhovo-Zuevo.
1887 — Circular about “cook’s children.”
1889 — Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs.”
1890 - Adoption of the “Regulations on provincial and district zemstvo institutions” (zemstvo counter-reform). 1891-1894 - Formation of the Franco-Russian union.
1892 — Adoption of the “City Regulations” (urban counter-reform).
1894-1917 - Reign of Nicholas II Alexandrovich.
1895 - Creation of the "Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class."
1897 - The first general population census in Russia.
1897 - Monetary reform by S.Yu. Witte.
1898 - 1st Congress of the RSDLP.
1900, December - Creation of the newspaper Iskra.
1901 - “Obukhov Defense”.
1902 - Association of neo-populist circles. Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. 1903, July - Creation of the "Union of Liberation"
1903, July-August - Creation of the “Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists”.
1904-1905 - Russian-Japanese War.
1904, January 26-27 - Attack Japanese ships to the Russian squadrons in Port Arthur and Chemulpo.
1904, August-1905, December - Defense of Port Arthur.
1905, January 9 - “Bloody Sunday”.
1905, February - Battle of Mukden.
1905, May - Death of the Russian fleet near the island of Tsushima.
1905, June - Uprising on the battleship Potemkin.
1905, July-August - Creation of the Peasant Union.
1905, August - Signing of the Portsmouth Peace.
1905, October - All-Russian political strike.
1905, October - Creation of the “Constitutional Democratic Party” (Cadets).
1905, October 17 - Publication of the Manifesto “On the Improvement of State Order.”
1905 - Creation of the “Union of the Russian People”.
1905, November - Cancellation of redemption payments.
1905, November - Creation of the “Union of October 17th”.
1905, December - Armed uprising in Moscow.
1906, April-July - Activity I State Duma.
1906, July - Uprisings in Sveaborg and Kronstadt.
1906, November 9 - Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community.
1907 - Creation of the “Union of Michael the Archangel”.
1907, February-June - Activities of the Second State Duma.
1907, June 3 - Dissolution of the State Duma and adoption of a new electoral law.
1907-1912 — Activities of the III State Duma.
1912, April 4 - Lena execution.
1912, November - Beginning of the activities of the IV State Duma.
1914, July-1918, November - First World War.
1914, August - East Prussian operation of the Russian army.
1914, August-September - Galician operation of the Russian army.
1915, May-October - Retreat of the Russian army.
1915, August - Creation of the Progressive Bloc.
1916, May - “Brusilovsky breakthrough” of Russian troops.
1917, February 23 - Demonstration in Petrograd.
1917, February 25 - General political strike in Petrograd.
1917, February 27 - Formation of the State Duma Committee and the Petrograd Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, March 2 - Nicholas II abdicates the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government. The establishment of dual power in Russia.
1917, June - VI Congress of the RSDLP(b). The Bolsheviks' course towards armed uprising.
1917, August - Speech by General L.G. Kornilov.
1917, October 24-26 - Armed uprising in Petrograd. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Formation of the Soviet government. (Great October Socialist Revolution).
1918, January 5-6 - Constituent Assembly.
1918, March 3 - Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.
1918, May - 1920, December - Civil War in Russia.
1918, July - Constitution of the RSFSR.
1919, March - VIII Congress of the RCP(b).
1920, March - X Congress of the RCP (b), transition to the NEP.
1922, December 30 - Formation of the USSR. 1924, January - Constitution of the USSR.
1925, December - XIV Congress of the CPSU (b). Course towards industrialization.
1927, December - XV Congress of the CPSU (b). The course towards collectivization.
1929 - Beginning of complete collectivization.
1936, December - Constitution of the USSR.
1939, August 23 - Non-aggression pact with Germany.
1939, November - 1940, March - Soviet-Finnish War.
1941, June 22 - 1945, May 9 - Great Patriotic War.
1941, December 5-6 - Beginning of the offensive near Moscow.
1942, November 19 - 1943, February 2 - Battle of Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical fracture.
1943, July - August - 1943, November - Battle of Kursk.
1945, May 8 - Capitulation of Germany.
1945, August 8 - September 2 - Soviet-Japanese War
1949, January - Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1953, September - Election of N.S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
1955, May - Creation of the Warsaw Pact Organization.
1955, July - Plenum on NTP.
1956, February - XX Congress of the CPSU.
1957 - Reform of civil industry management. Creation of economic councils.
1959 - Visit of N.S. Khrushchev in the USA.
1959-1965 - Seven-year plan.
1961, April 12 - Yu. A. Gagarin's flight into space.
1961, October - XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption of the third program of the CPSU.
1962, October - Cuban Missile Crisis.
1964, October - Election of L.I. Brezhnev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee.
1970 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU.
1975 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki)
1976 - XXV Congress of the CPSU. 1977, October - Constitution of the USSR.
1981 - XXVI Congress of the CPSU. 1982 - Adoption of the Food Program.
1985, March - Election Secretary General Central Committee of the CPSU M.S. Gorbachev.
1986 - XXVII Congress of the CPSU.
1987-1991 - The period of “perestroika” in the USSR.
1988 - XIX All-Union Party Conference.
1989, May-June - I Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR.
1990, March - III Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Election of M.S. Gorbachev as President of the USSR.
1991—Dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the Warsaw Pact Organization.
1991, June 12 - Election of B.N. Yeltsin as President of the RSFSR.
1991, August 19-22 - Attempted coup d'etat (GKChP)
1991, December 8 - Bialowieza Agreement on the dissolution of the CCCI and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
1992, March - Signing of the Federal Treaty.
1993, September 21 - Decree of President B.N. Yeltsin on the beginning of constitutional reform in Russia and the dissolution of the Supreme Council.
1993, October 3-4 - Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
1993, December 12 - Elections to the State Duma and Federation Council. Adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. 1995, December - Elections to the VI State Duma.
1996, July 16 - July 3 - Elections of the President of the Russian Federation.
1999, December 19 - Elections to the VII State Duma.
1999, December 31 - Decree on the termination of the powers of the President of the Russian Federation by B. N. Yeltsin. 2000, March 26 - Election of V.V. Putin as President of the Russian Federation.
LEADERS OF THE SOVIET STATE AND THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Head of State (Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee,
from 1923 - Chairman of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR,
since 1938 - Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR,
from May 1989 to March 1990 - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR,
since March 1990 - President of the USSR,
since December 1991 - President of the Russian Federation).
1. Kamenev Lev Borisovich - November 1917 (new style)
2. Sverdlov Yakov Mikhailovich - November 1917 - March 1919.
3. Kalinin Mikhail Ivanovich - March 1919 - March 1946
4. Shvernik Nikolai Mikhailovich - March 1946 - March 1953
5. Voroshilov Kliment Efremovich - March 1953 - May 1960
6. Brezhnev Leonid Ilyich - May 1960 - July 1964; June 1977 - November 1982
7. Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich - July 1964 - December 1965
8. Podgorny Nikolay Viktorovich - December 1965 - June 1977
9. Andropov Yuri Vladimirovich - June 1983 - February 1984
10. Chernenko Konstantin Ustinovich - April 1984 - March 1985
11. Gromyko Andrey Andreevich - July 1985 - October 1988
12. Gorbachev Mikhail Sergeevich - October 1988 - December 1991
13. Boris Nikolaevich Yeltsin - June 1991 to December 1999.
14. Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich - since December 31, 1999 to present day
Head of Government (Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the RSFSR,
from July 1923 - Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR,
from March 1946 - Chairman of the Council Ministers of the USSR,
from December 1990 to December 1991 - Prime Minister of the USSR Cabinet of Ministers,
since December 1991 - Prime Minister of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Russian Federation, Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation)
1. Lenin Vladimir Ilyich - November 1917 - January 1924
2. Rykov Alexey Ivanovich - February 1924 - December 1930
3. Molotov Vyachevlav Mikhailovich - December 1930 - May 1941
4. Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich - May 1941 - March 1953
5. Malenkov Georgy Maximilianovich - March 1953 - February 1955
6. Bulganin Nikolai Alexandrovich - February 1955 - March 1958
7. Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev - March 1958 - October 1964
8. Kosygin Alexey Nikolaevich - October 1964 - October 1980
9. Tikhonov Nikolay Alexandrovich - October 1980 - September 1985
10. Ryzhkov Nikolay Ivanovich - September 1985 - December 1990
11. Pavlov Valentin Sergeevich - December 1990 - August 1991
12. Gaidar Egor Timurovich - Spanish. oblig. - December 1991 - December 1992
13. Chernomyrdin Viktor Stepanovich - December 1992 - March 1998
14. Kiriyenko Sergey Vladilenovich - March 1998 - August 1998
15. Primakov Evgeniy Maksimovich - September 1998 - May 1999
16. Stepashin Sergey Vadimovich - May 1999 - August 1999
17. Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich - August 1999 - May 2000.
18. Kasyanov Mikhail Mikhailovich - May 2000 - to present Head of Comm, party
(General Secretary of the Central Committee, from 1953 to 1966. First Secretary of the Central Committee).
1. Stalin I.V. - April 1922 - March 1953
2. Khrushchev N.S. - September 1953 - October 1964
3. Brezhnev L.I. - October 1964 - November 1982
4. Andropov Yu.V. - November 1982 - February 1984
5. Chernenko K.U. - February 1984 - March 1985
6. Gorbachev M.S. - March 1985 - August 1991
Russian history.
9th century– Formation of the Old Russian state.
862- “The Calling of the Varangians” to Rus'.
862–879- The reign of Rurik in Novgorod.
879–912– The reign of Oleg in Kyiv.
882– Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv into single state under Prince Oleg.
907, 911– Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaties with the Greeks.
912–945– The reign of Igor in Kyiv.
945- Revolt of the Drevlyans.
945–962- The reign of Princess Olga during the early childhood of her son Prince Svyatoslav.
957– Baptism of Princess Olga in Constantinople.
962–972- The reign of Svyatoslav Igorevich.
964–972– Military campaigns of Prince Svyatoslav.
980–1015– The reign of Vladimir I Svyatoslavich the Holy.
988– Adoption of Christianity in Rus'.
1019–1054- The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1037– Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Kyiv.
1045– Beginning of construction of the Church of St. Sophia in Novgorod the Great.
OK. 1072– Final design of “Russian Truth” (“Pravda Yaroslavich”).
1097- Congress of princes in Lyubech. Consolidation of the fragmentation of the Old Russian state.
1113–1125– The Great Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1125–1157– The reign of Yuri Vladimirovich Dolgoruky in Vladimir.
1136– Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147– The first mention of Moscow in the chronicle.
1157–1174– The reign of Andrei Yuryevich Bogolyubsky.
1165– Construction of the Church of the Intercession on the Nerl.
1185– The campaign of Prince Igor Novgorod Seversky against the Polovtsians. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign."
1199– Unification of the Volyn and Galician principalities.
1202– Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1237–1240– Invasion of the Mongol Tatars led by Khan Batu into Rus'.
1237– Unification of the Teutonic Order with the Order of the Sword. Formation of the Livonian Order.
1240, July 15.- Battle of the Neva. The defeat of the Swedish knights on the Neva River by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich. Nicknamed Nevsky.
1240– The defeat of Kyiv by the Mongol-Tatars.
1242, April 5.- Battle on the Ice. The defeat of the crusaders on Lake Peipus by Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky.
1243– Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1252–1263- The reign of Alexander Nevsky on the Grand Duke's throne of Vladimir.
1264– Collapse of the Galician-Volyn principality under the blows of the Horde.
1276– Formation of an independent Moscow principality.
1325–1340– The reign of Prince Ivan Kalita in Moscow.
1326– Transfer of the residence of the head of the Russian Orthodox Church - the Metropolitan - from Vladimir to Moscow, turning Moscow into an all-Russian religious center.
1327– Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1359–1389– Reign of Prince (from 1362 – Grand Duke) Dmitry Ivanovich (after
1380 - Donskoy) in Moscow.
OK. 1360–1430– Life and work of Andrei Rublev.
1378– Battle of the Vozha River.
1382– The defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1389–1425– The reign of Vasily I Dmitrievich.
1425–1453– Dynastic war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1439– Florentine Church Union about the unification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches under the leadership of the Pope. The act of union was signed by the Russian Metropolitan Isidore, for which he was deposed.
1448– Election of Bishop Jonah of Ryazan as Metropolitan of the Russian Orthodox Church and All Rus'. Establishment of autocephaly (independence) of the Russian Orthodox Church from Byzantium.
1453– Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462–1505– The reign of Ivan III.
1463– Annexation of Yaroslavl to Moscow.
1469–1472– Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471– Battle on the Sheloni River between Moscow and Novgorod troops.
1478– Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480- “Standing on the Ugra River.” Elimination of the Horde yoke.
1484–1508– Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485– Annexation of Tver to Moscow.
1497– Compilation of the Code of Laws of Ivan III. Establishing uniform norms of criminal liability and judicial procedural norms for the entire country, limiting the right of peasants to transfer from one feudal lord to another - the week before and the week after November 26 (St. George's Day in the fall).
End of the 15th – beginning of the 16th centuries.– Completion of the process of formation of the Russian centralized state.
1503– Controversy between Nil Sorsky (the leader of the non-acquisitive people, who preached the refusal of the church from all property) and Abbot Joseph Volotsky (the leader of the acquisitive people, a supporter of the preservation of church land ownership). Condemnation of the views of non-possessors at the Church Council.
1503– Annexation of the Southwestern Russian lands to Moscow.
1505–1533– Reign of Vasily III.
1510– Annexation of Pskov to Moscow.
1514– Annexation of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521– Annexation of Ryazan to Moscow.
1533–1584– The reign of Grand Duke Ivan IV the Terrible.
1547– The crowning of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1549- The beginning of the convening of Zemsky Sobors.
1550– Adoption of the Code of Laws of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1551– “The Hundred-Glavy Cathedral” of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1552– Annexation of Kazan to Moscow.
1555–1560– Construction of the Intercession Cathedral in Moscow (St. Basil's Cathedral).
1556– Annexation of Astrakhan to Moscow.
1556– Adoption of the “Code of Service”.
1558–1583- Livonian War.
1561- Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564- The beginning of book printing in Rus'. Publication by Ivan Fedorov of “The Apostle” - the first printed book with a set date.
1565–1572– Oprichnina of Ivan IV the Terrible.
1569– Conclusion of the Union of Lublin on the unification of Poland with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into one state – the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581– The first mention of “reserved years.”
1581– Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582– Signing of Yam Zapolsky truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1583– Conclusion of the Truce of Plus with Sweden.
1584–1598- The reign of Fyodor Ioannovich.
1589- Establishment of the Patriarchate in Rus'. Patriarch Job.
1597- Decree on “pre-scheduled years” (a five-year period for searching for runaway peasants).
1598–1605- Board of Boris Godunov.
1603– Uprising of peasants and serfs under the leadership of Khlopok.
1605–1606– Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606–1607– Peasant uprising led by Ivan Bolotnikov.
1606–1610– The reign of Tsar Vasily Shuisky.
1607–1610– Attempt of False Dmitry II to seize power in Russia. The existence of the “Tushino camp”.
1609–1611- Defense of Smolensk.
1610–1613- “Seven Boyars”.
1611, March–June.– The first militia against Polish troops led by P. Lyapunov.
1612– The second militia under the leadership of D. Pozharsky and K. Minin.
1613– Election Zemsky Sobor Mikhail Romanov to the kingdom. The beginning of the Romanov dynasty.
1613–1645– The reign of Mikhail Fedorovich Romanov.
1617– Conclusion of the Stolbovsky “eternal peace” with Sweden.
1618– Deulino truce with Poland.
1632–1634– Smolensk War between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1645–1676- The reign of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648– Semyon Dezhnev’s expedition along the Kolyma River and the Arctic Ocean.
1648– The beginning of the uprising of Bogdan Khmelnitsky in Ukraine.
1648– “Salt riot” in Moscow.
1648–1650– Uprisings in various cities of Russia.
1649- Adoption by the Zemsky Sobor of a new set of laws - the “Cathedral Code” of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich. The final enslavement of the peasants.
OK. 1653–1656– Reform of Patriarch Nikon. The beginning of the church schism.
1654–1667– Russia’s war with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1662– “Copper riot” in Moscow.
1667– Conclusion of the Andrusovo truce between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667– Introduction of the New Trade Charter.
1667–1671– Peasant war led by Stepan Razin.
1676–1682– Board of Fedor Alekseevich.
1682– Abolition of localism.
1682, 1698– Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682–1725– The reign of Peter I (1682–1689 – under the regency of Sophia, until 1696 – together with Ivan V).
1686– “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687– Opening of the Slavic Greek Latin Academy.
1695, 1696– Campaigns of Peter I to Azov.
1697–1698- “Great Embassy”.
1700–1721- North War.
1707–1708– Peasant uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1710–1711- Prut campaign.
1711- Establishment of the Senate.
1711–1765– Life and work of M. V. Lomonosov.
1714– Decree on single inheritance (cancelled in 1731).
1718–1721– Establishment of boards.
1720- Battle of Grengam Island.
1721– Peace of Nystadt with Sweden.
1721– Proclamation of Peter I as emperor. Russia became an empire.
1722– Adoption of the “Table of Ranks”.
1722– Signing of the decree on the succession to the throne.
1722–1723- Caspian campaign.
1725– Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725–1727– The reign of Catherine I.
1727–1730– The reign of Peter II.
1730–1740- The reign of Anna Ioannovna. "Bironovschina."
1741–1761- The reign of Elizaveta Petrovna.
1756–1763- Seven Years' War.
1757– Foundation of the Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg.
1761–1762– The reign of Peter III.
1762- “Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.”
1762–1796– The reign of Catherine II.
1768–1774– Russian-Turkish war.
1770– Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the Battle of Chesme and the Russian ground forces over Turkish army in the battles near the Larga and Cahul rivers.
1774– Conclusion of the Kyuchuk Kaynardzhi Peace following the Russian-Turkish War. The Crimean Khanate came under Russian protectorate. Russia received the territory of the Black Sea region between the Dnieper and the Southern Bug, the fortresses of Azov, Kerch, Kinburn, and the right of free passage of Russian merchant ships through the Black Sea straits.
1772, 1793,
1795– Partitions of Poland between Prussia, Austria and Russia. The territories of Right Bank Ukraine, Belarus, part of the Baltic states and Poland were transferred to Russia.
1772–1839– Life and work of M. M. Speransky.
1773–1775– Peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev.
1775– Carrying out provincial reform in the Russian Empire.
1782– Opening of the monument to Peter I “ Bronze Horseman"(E. Falcone).
1783– The entry of Crimea into the Russian Empire. Georgievsky Treaty. Transition of Eastern Georgia under Russian protectorate.
1785– Publication of letters of grant to the nobility and cities.
1787–1791– Russian-Turkish war.
1789– Victories of Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov at Focsani and Rymnik.
1790– Victory of the Russian fleet over the Turkish in the battle of Cape Kaliakria.
1790– Publication of A. N. Radishchev’s book “Journey from St. Petersburg to Moscow.”
1790– Capture by Russian troops under the command of A.V. Suvorov Turkish fortress Ishmael on the Danube.
1791– Conclusion of the Peace of Jassy following the Russian-Turkish War. The annexation of Crimea and Kuban, the territory of the Black Sea region between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, was confirmed to Russia.
1794– Uprising in Poland led by Tadeusz Kosciuszko.
1796–1801– Reign of Paul I.
1797– Cancellation of the order of succession to the throne established by Peter I. Restoring the order of succession to the throne by primogeniture in the male line.
1797– Publication by Paul I of the manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1799– Italian and Swiss campaigns of A.V. Suvorov.
1799–1837– Life and work of A. S. Pushkin.
1801–1825– The reign of Alexander I.
1802– Establishment of ministries instead of boards.
1803- Decree on “free cultivators”.
1803– Adoption of a charter introducing university autonomy.
1803–1804– The first Russian round-the-world expedition led by I. F. Krusenstern and Yu. F. Lisyansky.
1804–1813– Russian-Iranian war. Ended with the Peace of Gulistan.
1805–1807– Russia’s participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1806–1812– Russian-Turkish war.
1807– Defeat of the Russian army near Friedland.
1807– Conclusion of the Peace of Tilsit between Alexander I and Napoleon Bonaparte (Russia’s accession to the continental blockade of England, Russia’s consent to the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw as a vassal of France).
1808–1809– Russian swedish war. Annexation of Finland to the Russian Empire.
1810– Creation of the State Council on the initiative of M. M. Speransky.
1812– Conclusion of the Bucharest Peace following the Russian-Turkish War.
1813–1814– Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813- “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1813– Conclusion of the Treaty of Gulistan following the Russian-Iranian War.
1814–1815– Congress of Vienna European countries. Solving the problems of the structure of Europe after the Napoleonic wars. Annexation of the Duchy of Warsaw (Kingdom of Poland) to Russia.
1815– Creation of the “Holy Alliance”.
1815– Granting of the Constitution to the Kingdom of Poland by Alexander I.
1816– The beginning of the mass creation of military settlements on the initiative of A. A. Arakcheev.
1816–1817– Activities of the “Union of Salvation”.
1817–1864- Caucasian War.
1818–1821– Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820– Discovery of Antarctica by Russian navigators under the command of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev.
1821–1822– Formation of the Northern and Southern Decembrist societies.
1821–1881– Life and work of F. M. Dostoevsky.
1825–1855– The reign of Nicholas I.
1826–1828– Russian-Iranian war.
1828– Conclusion of the Turkmanchay Peace following the Russian-Iranian War. Death of A. S. Griboyedov.
1828–1829– Russian-Turkish war.
1829– Conclusion of the Peace of Adrianople following the Russian-Turkish War.
1831–1839– Activities of N.V. Stankevich’s circle.
1837– Opening of the first railway St. Petersburg – Tsarskoe Selo.
1837–1841– P.D. Kiselev’s implementation of reforms in the management of state peasants.
1840–1850s– Disputes between Slavophiles and Westerners.
1839–1843– Monetary reform by E. F. Kankrin.
1840–1893– Life and work of P. I. Tchaikovsky.
1844–1849– Activities of the circle of M. V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1851– Opening of the Moscow – St. Petersburg railway.
1853–1856- Crimean War.
1855–1881– The reign of Alexander II.
1856- Paris Congress.
1856– Founding by P. M. Tretyakov of a collection of Russian art in Moscow.
1858, 1860– Aigun and Beijing treaties with China.
1861–1864– Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1862– Formation of the “Mighty Handful” - an association of composers (M. A. Balakirev, Ts. A. Cui, M. P. Mussorgsky, N. A. Rimsky Korsakov, A. P. Borodin).
1864– Zemstvo, judicial and school reforms.
1864–1885– Annexation of Central Asia to the Russian Empire.
1867– Sale of Alaska to the USA.
1869– Discovery by D.I. Mendeleev of the Periodic Law of Chemical Elements.
1870– Reform of city government.
1870–1923– Activities of the “Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions”.
1873– Creation of the “Union of Three Emperors”.
1874– Carrying out military reform – introducing universal conscription.
1874, 1876– The Narodniks’ “walking among the people.”
1876–1879- Activity new organization"Land and Freedom".
1877–1878– Russian-Turkish war.
1878– Treaty of San Stefano.
1878- Berlin Congress.
1879– Split of the organization “Land and Freedom”. The emergence of the organizations “People's Will” and “Black Redistribution”.
1879–1881– Activities of the organization “People's Will”.
1879–1882- Formation of the Triple Alliance.
1881–1894– Reign of Alexander III.
1882– Abolition of the temporarily obliged position of peasants. Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1883–1903– Activities of the “Liberation of Labor” group.
1885– Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T. S. Morozov in Orekhovo Zuevo (Morozov strike).
1887– Adoption of a circular “on cook’s children.”
1889– Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1891–1893- Formation of the Franco-Russian Union.
1891–1905– Construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway.
1892– P. M. Tretyakov donated his collection of Russian art to the city of Moscow.
1894–1917– The reign of Nicholas II.
1895– Invention of radio communication by A. S. Popov.
1895– Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class.”
1897– The first general census of Russia.
1897– Monetary reform S. Yu. Witte.
1898– 1st Congress of the RSDLP.
1899– The Hague Peace Conference of 26 powers on disarmament issues, convened at the initiative of Russia.
1901–1902– Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party (SRs) as a result of the unification of neo-populist circles.
1903– II Congress of the RSDLP. Creation of a party.
1903– Creation of the “Union of Zemstvo Constitutionalists”.
1904–1905– Russian-Japanese War.
1905–1907– The first Russian revolution.
1905, August.– Conclusion of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty following the Russian Japanese war. Russia ceded to Japan the southern part of Sakhalin, lease rights to the Liaodong Peninsula and the South Manchurian Railway.
1905
1906, November 9.- Decree on the withdrawal of peasants from the community. The beginning of the Stolypin agrarian reform.
1907, June 3.– Dissolution of the Second State Duma. Adoption of a new electoral law (June 3rd coup).
1907–1912– Activities of the III State Duma.
1907, August– Russian-English agreement on the delimitation of zones of influence in Iran, Afghanistan and Tibet. The final formation of the Entente alliance.
1912- Lena execution.
1912–1917– Activities of the IV State Duma.
1917, March 2.– Nicholas II's abdication of the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government.
1917, June.– Activities of the First All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, October 24–26.– Armed uprising in Petrograd. Overthrow of the Provisional Government. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets (Proclamation of Russia as a Republic of Soviets.). Adoption of decrees on peace and land.
1918, March 3.– Conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk Treaty between Soviet Russia and Germany. Russia lost Poland, Lithuania, part of Latvia, Finland, Ukraine, part of Belarus, Kars, Ardagan and Batum. The treaty was annulled in November 1918 after the revolution in Germany.
1918–1920– Civil war in Russia.
1918– Adoption of the Constitution of the RSFSR.
1918–1921, March.– The Soviet government’s implementation of the policy of “war communism.”
1920–1921– Anti-Bolshevik peasant uprisings in the Tambov and Voronezh regions (“Antonovschina”), Ukraine, the Volga region, Western Siberia.
1921, March– Conclusion of the Riga Peace Treaty of the RSFSR with Poland. The territories of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus went to Poland.
1921, February – March.– Uprising of sailors and soldiers in Kronstadt against the policy of “war communism.”
1922– Genoa Conference.
1924– Adoption of the USSR Constitution.
1925, December– XIV Congress of the CPSU(b). Proclamation of a course towards industrialization of the country. The defeat of the “Trotskyist-Zinoviev opposition.”
1927, December– XV Congress of the CPSU(b). Proclamation of the course towards collectivization Agriculture.
1928–1932– First five-year development plan National economy THE USSR.
1929- The beginning of complete collectivization.
1930– Completion of construction of Turksib.
1933–1937– The second five-year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR.
1934– Admission of the USSR to the League of Nations.
1936– Adoption of the Constitution of the USSR (“victorious socialism”).
1942, November 19 – 1943, February 2.– Counter-offensive of the Red Army at Stalingrad. The beginning of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, September – December.– Battle of the Dnieper. Liberation of Kyiv. Completion of a radical change during the Great Patriotic War.
1943, November 28 – December 1.– Tehran Conference of Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, February 4–11– Crimean (Yalta) conference of heads of government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, April 25- Meeting on the river. Elbe near Torgau advanced Soviet and American troops.
1945, July 17 – August 2– Berlin (Potsdam) Conference of Heads of Government of the USSR, USA and Great Britain.
1945, August – September- Defeat of Japan. Signing of the act of unconditional surrender of the Japanese armed forces. The end of World War II.
1946- The beginning of the Cold War.
1948– Severance of diplomatic relations with Yugoslavia.
1949– Start of a campaign to combat “cosmopolitanism.”
1949– Creation of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA).
1949– Creation in the USSR nuclear weapons.
1953, September – 1964, October.– Election of N. S. Khrushchev as First Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee. Removed from his posts in October 1964.
1954– Obninsk NPP was put into operation.
1955– Formation of the Warsaw Pact Organization (WTO).
1956, February.– XX Congress of the CPSU. Report by N. S. Khrushchev “On the cult of personality and its consequences.”
1961, October.– XXII Congress of the CPSU. Adoption new Program parties - programs for the construction of communism.
1962- Caribbean crisis.
1962, June.– Strike at the Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant; shooting of a workers' demonstration.
1963, August.– Signing in Moscow of an agreement between the USSR, the USA and England banning nuclear weapons tests in the atmosphere, under water and outer space.
1965– Start of the event economic reform A.N. Kosygina.
1968– The entry of troops of the Warsaw Pact countries into Czechoslovakia.
1972, May.– Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 1) between the USSR and the USA.
1975– Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1979– Signing of the Treaty on the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (SALT 2) between the USSR and the USA.
1979–1989– « Undeclared war"in Afghanistan.
1987– Conclusion between the USSR and the USA of an agreement on the elimination of intermediate- and shorter-range missiles.
1988– XIX Party Conference. Proclamation of a course for reform of the political system.
1990, March.– Election of M. S. Gorbachev as President of the USSR at the Third Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR. Exception from the Constitution of Article 6.
1991, July.– Signing of the Treaty between the USSR and the USA on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 1).
1992– The beginning of the radical economic reform of E. T. Gaidar.
1993, January.– Signing of the Treaty between Russia and the United States on the Reduction of Strategic Offensive Arms (START 2).
1993, October 3–4.– Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.
1993, December 12.– Elections in Federal Assembly– State Duma and Federation Council and referendum on the draft Constitution of the Russian Federation.
1994– Russia’s accession to the NATO “Partnership for Peace” program.
1996– Russia’s accession to the Council of Europe.
1997– Creation of the state TV channel “Culture” on the initiative of D.S. Likhachev.
2000– Award Nobel Prize in physics Zh. I. Alferov for basic research in the field of information and telecommunication technologies.
2002– Agreement between Russia and the United States on the mutual reduction of nuclear warheads.
2003– Awarding the Nobel Prize in Physics to A. A. Abrikosov and V. L. Ginzburg for work in the field of quantum physics, in particular for research into superconductivity and superfluidity.
2005– Creation of the Public Chamber.
2006– Launch of a program of national projects in the fields of agriculture, housing, health and education.
2008, August– Invasion of Georgian troops from South Ossetia. Carrying out Russian army operations to force Georgia to peace. Russian recognition of the independence of Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
November 2008– Adoption of a law on increasing the term of office of the State Duma and the President of the Russian Federation (5 and 6 years, respectively).
This page provides a chronological table of Australian history. More detailed information located on the article History of Australia. This chronological table is not complete; some important events may not be mentioned. If you... ... Wikipedia
chronological table of world and Russian history- From ancient times to the beginning new era 1st century AD e. II century III century IV century V century VI century VII century VIII century IX century X century XI century XII century XIII century XIV century XV century XVI century XVII century XVIII century First half of the 19th century Second half of the 19th century 20th century 1901... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
chronological table of world and Russian history, 1st century AD. e.- chronological table of the world and Russian history, 1st century AD e. Around 1. Formation of a union of Germanic tribes on the territory of Bohemia, led by the leader of the Marcomanni tribe, Marobod. 3. Seizure of supreme power in China by the dignitary Wang Mang. 5.… … encyclopedic Dictionary
chronological table of world and Russian history, II century- 13 115. The victorious war of Rome with Parthia. Formation of the provinces of Armenia, Assyria and Mesopotamia on the lands of the Parthian kingdom. 117 138. Reign of the Roman Emperor Hadrian. 117. Rome’s forced renunciation of the conquered territories of the Parthian... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
chronological table of world and Russian history, III century- Around 220. End of the Han Dynasty. The collapse of China into 3 kingdoms Wei, Han or Shu, Wu. 220 265. The period of the “Three Kingdoms” in the history of China. 218 222. The reign of the Roman emperor Avitus Bassan (Elagabalus). 222 235. The reign of the Roman Emperor Alexander... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
chronological table of world and Russian history, IV century- 304 386. The period of political fragmentation in Northern China. 313. Edict of Milan by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius on religious tolerance. 317 420. Reign in China of the Eastern Jin dynasty. 320. Foundation of the Gupta Empire in India. 324 337.… … encyclopedic Dictionary
chronological table of world and Russian history, 9th century- Beginning of the 9th century. Creation of early state associations Eastern Slavs in the area of the Dnieper River and Lake Ilmen. Formation of the Tao Klarjet kingdom in Georgia. 1st half of the 9th century. Formation of the Great Moravian Principality. 802 814. Board of the Bulgarian... encyclopedic Dictionary
chronological table of world and Russian history, 5th century- V century Conquest of North-Eastern Gaul by the Franks. Japanese conquest of the southern part of the Korean Peninsula. V X centuries The spread of the Teotihuacan Toltec civilization in the Valley of Mexico. 404. Relocation of the political center of the Western Roman Empire... encyclopedic Dictionary
chronological table of world and Russian history, VI century- 506. Codification of Visigothic law (Code of King Alaric). 507. The defeat of the Visigothic squads by the Frankish army of King Clovis. The end of Visigothic rule in Gaul. Formation of the Frankish Kingdom. 511. Reims Church Synod. Endowment... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
Books
- Brief chronological table in the manual on the history of Byzantine art. Lifetime edition. Tiflis, 1856. Printing house of the office of the Viceroy of the Caucasus. Original cover. The condition is good. The work of a Russian artist, architect, art historian,... Buy for 15,640 rubles
- Chronological table of the social movement (1750 - 1905), W. Sombart. Lifetime edition. St. Petersburg, 1906. Printing house St. Petersburg. Partnership "Trud". Typographic cover. The condition is good. In this "Chronological Table" by Werner Sombart...
Chronological table with dates on the history of Russia.
VI century - The legend about Prince Kiy - the founder of the city of Kyiv.
9th century - Formation of the Old Russian state
860 - Russian campaign against Constantinople.
882 - Unification of Novgorod and Kyiv under Prince Oleg.
907, 911 - Oleg’s campaigns to Constantinople. Treaty with the Greeks.
944 - Treaty of Igor with Byzantium.
945 - Revolt of the Drevlyans.
957 - Olga's embassy to Constantinople.
964-972 - Campaigns of Svyatoslav.
980-1015 - Reign of Vladimir I.
988 - Russia's adoption of Christianity.
1015 - Uprising in Novgorod against the Varangians.
1019-1054 - The reign of Yaroslav the Wise.
1068-1072 - Public performances in Kyiv, Novgorod, Rostov-Suzdal, Chernigov lands.
1097 - Lyubech Congress of Russian Princes.
1113 - Uprising in Kyiv.
1113-1125 - Reign of Vladimir Monomakh.
1136 -- Establishment of a republic in Novgorod.
1147 - First mention in the chronicle of Moscow.
Beginning of the 12th - end of the 15th centuries. - Feudal fragmentation of Rus'.
1169 - Capture of Kyiv by the troops of Andrei Bogolyubsky.
1202 - Formation of the Order of the Sword.
1206-1227 - Reign of Genghis Khan.
1219-1221 - Conquest of Central Asia by the Mongol-Tatars.
Beginning of the 13th century - Formation of the Lithuanian state.
1227-1255 - Reign of Batu.
1235-1243 - Conquest of Transcaucasia by the Mongol-Tatars.
1236 - Conquest of Volga Bulgaria by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237-1240 - Conquest of Rus' by the Mongol-Tatars.
1237 - Formation of the Livonian Order.
1243 - Formation of the Golden Horde state.
1247 - Formation of the Tver Principality.
1252-1263 - Alexander Nevsky - Grand Duke of Vladimir.
1262 - Uprisings in Russian cities against the Mongol-Tatars.
1276 - Formation of the Moscow Principality.
1299 - Metropolitan moves from Kyiv to Vladimir.
1301 - Annexation of Kolomna to Moscow.
1302 - Pereyaslavl-Zalessky joins the Moscow Principality.
1303 - Annexation of Mozhaisk to Moscow.
1310 - Adoption of Islam as the state religion of the Golden Horde.
About 1313-1392 - Sergius of Radonezh.
1327 - Uprising in Tver against the Golden Horde.
1328 - Transfer of the center of the metropolis to Moscow.
1359-1389 - Reign of Dmitry Donskoy in Moscow (from 1363 - Grand Duke of Vladimir).
OK. 1360-1430 - Andrey Rublev.
1363 - Victory of Lithuanian troops over the Horde at Blue Waters. Entry of Kyiv into Lithuania. 1367 - Construction of the white stone Kremlin in Moscow.
1378 - First victory over the Golden Horde on the Vozha River.
1382 - Defeat of Moscow by Tokhtamysh.
1385 - Union of Krevo between Lithuania and Poland.
1393 - Annexation of Nizhny Novgorod to Moscow.
1395 - Timur's destruction of the Golden Horde.
1425-1453 - Great feudal war between the sons and grandsons of Dmitry Donskoy.
1437 - Formation of the Kazan Khanate.
1439 - Union of Florence.
1443 - Formation of the Crimean Khanate.
1448 - Election of Jonah to the Russian metropolis. Autocephaly of the Russian Orthodox Church.
1453 - Fall of the Byzantine Empire.
1462-1505 - Reign of Ivan III
1463 - Annexation of the Yaroslavl principality to Moscow.
1469-1472 - Travel of Afanasy Nikitin to India.
1471 - Battle on the river. Sheloni of Moscow and Novgorod troops.
1474 - Rostov the Great joins Moscow.
1478 - Annexation of Novgorod the Great to Moscow.
1480 - Standing on the Ugra River. The final overthrow of the Mongol-Tatar yoke.
1484-1508 - Construction of the current Moscow Kremlin. Construction of cathedrals and the Chamber of Facets, brick walls.
1485 - Annexation of Tver to Moscow.
1489 - Vyatka land annexed to Moscow.
1497 - Code of Law of Ivan III.
End of the 15th - beginning of the 16th centuries. - Formation of the Russian centralized state.
1500-1503, 1507-1508, 1512-1522, 1534-1537 - Russian-Lithuanian wars.
1502 - End of the Golden Horde.
1503 - Church council on the issue of monastic land ownership (Nil of Sorsky - Joseph of Volotsky).
1505-1533 - Reign of Vasily III.
1510 -- Pskov joins Moscow.
1514 - Annexation of Smolensk to Moscow.
1521 - Annexation of the Ryazan and Seversk lands to Moscow.
1547 - Uprising in Moscow.
1549 - The convening of Zemsky Councils begins.
1550 - Code of Law of Ivan IV.
1551 - Hundred-Glavy Cathedral.
1552 - Annexation of the Kazan Khanate to Moscow.
1552-1557 - The Volga region became part of Russia.
1556 - Annexation of the Astrakhan Khanate to Russia.
1558-1583 - Livonian War.
1561 - Defeat of the Livonian Order.
1564 - Book printing begins in Russia. "Apostle".
1565-1572 - Oprichnina.
1569 - Union of Lublin. Formation of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1581 - First mention of reserved years.
1581 - Ermak’s campaign to Siberia.
1582 - Yam-Zapolsky truce with Poland.
1583 - Peace of Plus with Sweden.
1589 - Establishment of the patriarchate. Patriarch Job.
1591 - Death of Tsarevich Dmitry in Uglich.
1592 - Compilation of scribal and census books.
1595 - Treaty of Tyavzin with Sweden.
1596 - Brest Church Union.
1597 - Decree on a five-year search for fugitives.
1598-1605 - Board of B.F. Godunov.
1603-1604 - Cotton's Rebellion.
1605-1606 - Reign of False Dmitry I.
1606-1607 - Rebellion of I.I. Bolotnikov.
1606-1610 - Reign of Vasily Shuisky.
1607 - Decree on a fifteen-year search for fugitives.
1607-1610 - False Dmitry II. Tushino camp.
1610-1613 - Seven Boyars.
1612, October 26 - Liberation of Moscow from the invaders by the people's militia under the leadership of K. Minin and D. Pozharsky.
1617 - Peace of Stolbovo with Sweden.
1618 - Deulin truce with Poland.
1645-1676 - Reign of Alexei Mikhailovich.
1648-1654 - Liberation war of the Ukrainian people against the Poles under the leadership of B. Khmelnitsky.
1649 - Council Code of Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich.
1649 - Peace of Zborov.
1651 - Peace of Belotserkov.
1651 - Beginning of reforms of Patriarch Nikon. Split.
1654-1667 - War with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth for Ukraine.
1661 - Peace of Kardis with Sweden.
1662 - “Copper riot” in Moscow.
1667 - Truce of Andrusovo with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1667-1669 - “Campaign for zipuns.”
1667 - New trading charter.
1667-1676 - Solovetsky uprising.
1670-1671 - Peasant war led by S.T. Razin.
1676-1682 - reign of Fyodor Alekseevich.
1676-1681 - War between Russia and Turkey.
1682, 1698 - Streltsy uprisings in Moscow.
1682 - Abolition of localism.
1682-1689 - Reign of Sophia.
1682-1725 - Reign of Peter I, until 1696 together with Ivan V (from 1682 to 1689 - under the regency of Sophia).
1686 - “Eternal Peace” with Poland.
1687 - Opening of the Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy.
1687, 1689 - Crimean campaigns of V.V. Golitsyn.
1689 - Treaty of Nerchinsk with China.
1695, 1696 - Azov campaigns of Peter I.
1697-1698 - “The Great Embassy”.
1700-1721 - Northern War.
1707-1708 - uprising led by K. Bulavin.
1708-1710 - Establishment of provinces.
1710-1711 - Prut campaign.
1711 - Establishment of the Senate.
1713 - Transfer of the capital to St. Petersburg.
1714 - Decree on unified inheritance.
1718-1721 - Establishment of colleges.
1720 - Victory of the Russian fleet at Grengam Island.
1721 - Permission to buy peasants for factories.
1721 - Establishment of the Synod.
1722 - Table of Ranks.
1722 - Decree on succession to the throne: the emperor himself can appoint an heir to himself
1722-1723 - Caspian campaign.
1725 - Opening of the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg.
1725-1727 - Reign of Catherine I.
1726-1730 - Supreme Privy Council.
1727-1730 - Reign of Peter P.
1730-1740 - The reign of Anna Ioannovna. Bironovism.
1731 - Abolition of sole inheritance.
1741-1761 - The reign of Elizabeth Petrovna.
1750 - Opening of the first Russian theater in Yaroslavl.
1756-1763 - Seven Years' War.
1761-1762- Reign of Peter Sh.
1762 - Manifesto on the freedom of the nobility.
1762-1796 -The reign of Catherine II.
1764 - Secularization of church property.
1764 - Elimination of the hetmanate in Ukraine.
1768 - Beginning of issue of banknotes.
1767-1768 - Laid commission,
1768-1774 - Russian-Turkish War. Kuchuk-Kainardzhiysky world.
1771-Plague riot in Moscow.
1772, 1793, 1795 - Partitions of Poland.
1773-1775 - Rebellion of E.I. Pugachev.
1775 -- Institution on the provinces of the Russian Empire.
1783 -- Treaty of Georgievsk. Transition of Eastern Georgia; under Russian protectorate.
1785 - Charters granted to the nobility and cities.
1787-1791 -Russian-Turkish War. Yassy world.
1796-1801 - Reign of Paul I
1797 - Manifesto on the three-day corvee.
1801-1825 - Reign of Alexander I Pavlovich.
1802 - Establishment of ministries in Russia.
1803 - Decree on “free cultivators”.
1804-1813 - Russian-Iranian War.
1805-1807 - Russia's participation in the III and IV anti-Napoleonic coalitions.
1806-1812 - Russian-Turkish War.
1807 - Peace of Tilsit.
1810 - Creation of the State Council.
1812, December 21 - Order of M.I. Kutuzov to the army on the expulsion of the French army from Russia.
1813-1814 - Foreign campaigns of the Russian army.
1813 - “Battle of the Nations” at Leipzig.
1816-1817 - Activities of the Union of Salvation.
1818-1821 - Activities of the “Union of Welfare”.
1820 - Uprising in the Semenovsky regiment.
1821 - Formation of Southern Society.
1822 - Formation of the Northern Society.
1823 - Formation of the Society of United Slavs.
1825-1855 - Reign of Nicholas I Pavlovich.
1826 - Publication of the “cast iron” censorship charter.
1826-1828 - Russian-Iranian War.
1828-1829 - Russian-Turkish War.
1837 - Construction of the railway from St. Petersburg to Tsarskoe Selo.
1837-1841 - P.D. Kiselev carried out reforms in the management of state peasants. 1839-1843 - Monetary reform by E.F. Kankrin.
1842 - Publication of a decree on “obligated peasants.”
1844-1849 - Activities of the secret circle of M.V. Butashevich-Petrashevsky.
1845 - Formation of the Slavic Society of St. Cyril and Methodius.
1853-1856 - Creation of the “Free Russian Printing House”.
http://5-ege.ru/daty-po-istorii-rossii/
1855-1881 - Reign of Alexander II Nikolaevich.
1855 - Signing of the Treaty of Shimoda between Russia and Japan.
1856 - Paris Congress.
1860 - Beijing Treaty between Russia and China.
1861-1863 - Activities of the secret circle "Velikorus".
1861-1864 - Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1864 - Judicial, zemstvo and school reforms.
1864-1885 - Conquest of Central Asia by Russia.
1866 - Formation of the Turkestan General Government.
1868 - Establishment of vassal dependence of the Bukhara Emirate on Russia.
1870 - Founding of the Russian section of the First International.
1870 - Publication of the “City Regulations”.
1873 - Creation of the Union of Three Emperors.
1874 - Military reform. Introduction of universal conscription.
1874 - First “going to the people.”
1875 - Treaty between Russia and Japan on the division of possessions on the Kuril Islands and Sakhalin Island.
1876 - The Khanate of Kokand joins Russia.
1876-1879 - Activities of the organization “Land and Freedom”.
1876 - Second “going to the people.”
1877-1878 - Russian-Turkish War.
1878 - Signing of the Treaty of San Stefano.
1878 - Berlin Congress.
1879-1881 - Activities of the organization "People's Will".
1879-1881 - Activities of the organization “Black Redistribution”.
1881-1894 - Reign of Alexander III Alexandrovich.
1881 - Adoption of the “Regulations on measures to protect state security and public peace.”
1882 - Transfer of peasants to compulsory redemption.
1885 - Strike at the Nikolskaya manufactory of T.S. Morozov in Orekhovo-Zuevo.
1887 - Circular about “cook’s children.”
1889 - Adoption of the “Regulations on Zemstvo Chiefs”.
1890 - Adoption of the “Regulations on provincial and district zemstvo institutions” (zemstvo counter-reform).
1891-1894 - Formation of the Franco-Russian union.
1892 - Adoption of the “City Regulations” (urban counter-reform).
1894-1917 - Reign of Nicholas II Alexandrovich.
1895 - Creation of the “Union of Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class.”
1897 - The first general population census in Russia.
1897 - Monetary reform by S.Yu. Witte.
1898 - I Congress of the RSDLP.
1901 - “Obukhov Defense”.
1902 - Association of neo-populist circles. Creation of the Socialist Revolutionary Party.
1904-1905 - Russian-Japanese War.
1904, January 26-27 - Attack of Japanese ships on Russian squadrons in Port Arthur and Chemulpo.
1905 - Creation of the “Union of the Russian People”.
1907 - Creation of the “Union of Michael the Archangel”.
1907-1912 - Activities of the III State Duma.
1917, February 27 - Formation of the State Duma Committee and the Petrograd Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies.
1917, March 2 - Nicholas II abdicates the throne. Formation of the Provisional Government. The establishment of dual power in Russia.
1917, October 24-26 - Armed uprising in Petrograd. II All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Formation of the Soviet government. (Great October Socialist Revolution).
1929 - Complete collectivization begins.
1957 - Reform of civil industry management. Creation of economic councils.
1959 - Visit of N.S. Khrushchev in the USA. 1959-1965 - Seven-year plan.
1970 - XXIV Congress of the CPSU.
1975 - Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (Helsinki).
1976 - XXV Congress of the CPSU.
1981 - XXVI Congress of the CPSU.
1982 - Adoption of the Food Program.
1986 - XXVII Congress of the CPSU.
1987-1991 - The period of “perestroika” in the USSR.
1988 - XIX All-Union Party Conference.
1991- Dissolution of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the Warsaw Pact Organization.
1991, December 8 - Belovezhskaya Agreement on the dissolution of the CCCI and the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).
1993, September 21 - Decree of President B.N. Yeltsin on the beginning of constitutional reform in Russia and the dissolution of the Supreme Council.
1993, October 3-4 - Armed clashes between supporters of the Supreme Council and government troops in Moscow.