Of these, only the first one was completed.

Project development history

The project of a large anti-submarine ship of Project 1155 (code "Fregat") was developed by the Northern Design Bureau under the leadership of N.P. Sobolev and V.P. Mishin. According to the original TTZ (tactical-technical specifications) of 1972-1973, the ship was designed as a development of patrol ships of Project 1135 with the elimination of the latter’s shortcomings (including: the lack of a helicopter and the imperfection of hydroacoustic means that were not capable of providing target designation for anti-submarine missiles at the full firing range - 90 km ). Initially, it was planned to limit the standard displacement of the BOD to 4000 tons, but in the end the size restrictions were abandoned due to the inclusion in the TTZ of the requirement to place on the ships of the Polynom project a new generation SJSC, which has greater weight and size characteristics than the SJS of the previous type "Titan-2" and "Titan" -2T".

Design

Power plant

The main power plant, completely identical to the power plant installed on the Project 1135 Burevestnik patrol ships, consists of 2 M9 gas turbine units (gas turbine units), each of which is designed so that it works only on its own shaft line. Each unit includes a GTD D090 main engine with a power of 9000 hp. With. and afterburning gas turbine engine DT59 with a capacity of 22,500 hp. With. An emergency control post for afterburning gas turbine engines is provided; During normal operation of all ship systems, the main mechanisms are controlled using a pneumoelectric system. Gas outlet from the gas turbine engine is carried out from each echelon into 2 chimneys: this allows, if necessary, to make an aggregate replacement of the gas turbine engine.

The electrical power system consists of 4 (2 each in the bow and stern engine rooms) GTG-1250-2 gas turbine generators of 1250 kW each, of which one GTG in each of the ship’s engine rooms has heat recovery boilers operating on the heat transfer of GTG exhaust gases, which supplement the steam production steam boilers and provide steam to general ship consumers.

Service

Project evaluation

After the first ships of Project 1155 entered service and the accumulation of experience in their operation, at one of the meetings with the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy S.G. Gorshkov in 1983, the question was raised about the shortcomings of Project 1155. These were considered to be the absence of anti-ship missiles on the ship, weak anti-aircraft and artillery weapons.

Based on the results of the consideration, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, S.G. Gorshkov, decided to develop a modification of the ship with enhanced artillery and guided missile weapons. V.P. Mishin became the chief designer of the new project 1155.1, his assistants for project 1155 were appointed as deputies, later I.M. Shramko was appointed deputy, and N.A. Andreev was appointed chief supervisor.

While maintaining almost all shipbuilding elements in the new project, the anti-submarine missile system "Metel" was replaced by the anti-ship "Mosquito", 533 mm torpedo tubes - by the universal anti-submarine system "Vodopad", and two 100-mm AK-100 artillery mounts by one 130- mm AK-130, RBU-6000 rocket launchers - on the Udav-1 anti-torpedo missile system, 30-mm AK-630M assault rifles - on the Kortik air defense missile system, and the Polynom SJSC - on the Zvezda-2 SJSC .

To increase seaworthiness, improve conditions for using weapons and crew comfort, the Project 11551 BOD was equipped with a roll stabilizer with fixed rudders for the first time. Compared to previously used stabilizers with retractable rudders, the new stabilizer began to occupy significantly smaller volumes and was manufactured as a single unit.

A comparative assessment of the totality of the anti-submarine, anti-torpedo, missile defense and anti-ship missions of the Project 1155.1 BOD and the Project 1155 ship shows that the Project 1155.1 BOD is 1.3-1.4 times superior to its predecessor and, in essence, is a prototype for promising multi-purpose security ships. The engineering solutions contained in it and the high modernization potential can be the basis for creating new (including export) options that maximally take into account the customer’s requirements. The Russian Navy has only one ship of this project - Admiral Chabanenko.

Now these are the main Russian ships in the far sea zone - they are the ones sent to the Gulf of Aden to fight Somali pirates, which Russia has been actively waging since 2008.

As a source at the main headquarters of the Navy told Izvestia, the 30-year-old BODs will be equipped with modern A-192 Armat guns, "Caliber" missiles and the latest air defense and missile defense systems with missiles from the S-400 Redut.

Thanks to this modification, the BODs will actually become destroyers and will be able to destroy not only submarines, but also surface ships, aircraft, missiles and ground objects. That is, they will become universal warships,” explained the publication’s interlocutor.

According to him, modernization of the BOD 1155, according to preliminary calculations, will cost 2 billion rubles for each ship, while the cost of building a new destroyer of a comparable level starts from 30 billion rubles.

Retired Admiral Vladimir Zakharov explained to Izvestia that the modernization of the BOD 1155 will make it possible in a short time to obtain a ship that meets all the urgent requirements of the fleet.

A new destroyer for the far sea zone, which can replace the Udalykh, will appear no earlier than 2020. New ships of such displacement as the BPK 1155 are not even in the project yet. And among modern ships, only frigates of the . But they are almost half the size, therefore less autonomous - they cannot sail far from the base - and carry less weapons, Zakharov explained.

Project representatives

According to the publication, the ships will be able to strike at coastal targets and enemy fleets from a long distance. Until now, these ships had neither anti-ship weapons nor long-range air defense systems - so the sailors received the nickname “doves of peace.”

As the Navy High Command told Izvestia, work on large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155 has already begun. The installation of the Caliber complex on the Admiral Shaposhnikov BOD continues. Until 2022, five BODs from the Northern and Pacific fleets will undergo repairs and modernization. During the modernization, the possibility of equipping them with promising Onyx anti-ship missiles will also be considered.

“The frigates of Project 1155, built back in the 80s, turned out to be technically advanced and unpretentious, so they still form the basis of ocean surface forces. But until recently, these ships were equipped only with 100-mm cannons and Metel torpedo missiles, the newspaper notes.

After repairs and modernization, the ships will gain strike capabilities, become more versatile and will serve the fleet for at least another 10–15 years, says military historian Dmitry Boltenkov. According to him, Project 1155 BODs now, in fact, form the backbone of the surface forces and display the Russian flag around the world, the newspaper notes.

“These ships have incorporated the latest achievements of the Soviet defense industry, have proven themselves well, and the sailors praise them,” the expert explained. - Modernization is necessary. Now they are armed only with cannons and an outdated missile system that cannot cope with modern air defense systems. The “calibers” will most likely be installed in the bow of the ship - instead of the front gun turret. Thus, it is possible to quickly obtain a ship that meets all the urgent needs of the fleet.”

“Project 1155 is considered the most advanced of the Soviet surface submarine hunters in the ocean zone. The gas turbine power plant made it possible to avoid many problems that arise during the operation of boiler-turbine systems. Such ships received the powerful Polynom sonar system, anti-submarine missiles and the Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile system. However, the frigates lacked anti-ship weapons, since it was assumed that destroyers would fight surface ships,” Izvestia reported.

From 1980 to 1991, 13 BODs of Project 1155 were built (one of them was based on the improved Project 1155.1). They were given the names of Russian and Soviet admirals. To date, there are eight such ships left in service - four in the Pacific Fleet and the same number in the Northern Fleet. These frigates were actively used during anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden and off the coast of Somalia.

In the mid-80s, the Soviet Navy had a powerful group of middle-class warships capable of performing various combat missions anywhere in the world's oceans. Large anti-submarine ships and patrol ships, coming off the stocks of Soviet shipyards, had a fairly large displacement, powerful and well-developed weapons. Despite the fact that in the classification of the USSR Navy such ships were classified as BODs and SKRs, in the West they were immediately classified as frigates, universal combat ships. A special place in this list is occupied by the Project 1155 Udaloy type BOD, which was part of the USSR Navy and continues to remain part of the domestic fleet today.

Launched in the late 1980s, the Udaloy-class ship Admiral Vinogradov and the frigate Marshal Shaposhnikov are part of the TOV detachment of warships. Today, almost 30 years later, ships of this type have not lost their combat significance.

Reclassified as frigates, eight Udaloy-class ships remain in the Northern and Pacific fleets. The Project 1155 type ship “Admiral Panteleev” is the last 12 ship in the series. The upcoming modernization of the ships will significantly extend their service life, turning them into full-fledged combat units of the modern Russian Navy. The development of the first Soviet frigate was the Project 1155.1 ship “Admiral Chabanenko”, which was launched after the collapse of the Union and entered service with the Russian Navy in 1992.

After the launch of the first ship, the subsequent construction of the remaining 3 ships in the series was stopped. The Admiral Chabanenko BPC has already been classified as a destroyer in the NATO classification.

The history of the birth of the BOD project 1155

The Soviet Union, starting from the mid-60s, actively began to commission two classes of combat vessels at once, Large Anti-Submarine Ships and Patrol Ships. The ships built at Soviet shipyards were universal vessels and, in terms of their tactical and technical characteristics, had no analogues in foreign fleets. However, time does not stand still and the operational and tactical situation at sea required the creation of a new, more advanced ship. The subsequent development of the BOD and SKR class in the navy was Project 1155.

Having received the technical assignment from the Supreme Naval Leadership of the country, the designers of the Northern Design Bureau did not reinvent the wheel when developing design documentation. A “Solomon decision” was made to use all the best from previous projects, the Burevestnik-type patrol boats and the Project 1134A Berkut-type BOD. Both types of ships have proven their effectiveness in practice, possessing good seaworthiness and broad combat capabilities.

The impetus for the creation of the new project was the commissioning of the American fleet of new submarines capable of secretly operating on sea lanes and near the bases and locations of the USSR Navy. The new ship was supposed to have better vision and increased navigation autonomy. In addition, the question of equipping a warship with effective protection against anti-ship missiles has become acute. The fighting near the Falkland Islands in the summer of 1982 between Great Britain and Argentina clearly showed the inadequacy of the defense of warship formations from air strikes.

Note: An excellent example of the weakness of warships in the face of the threat of a missile strike was the sinking of the British destroyer Sheffield during hostilities near the Falkland Islands (Malvinas). A completely modern ship of Her Majesty's Navy, the guided-missile destroyer Sheffield, was burned by an Exoset missile fired from an Argentine bomber.

In addition to new electronic equipment and an air defense system, the new ship was supposed to have a longer cruising range. The operational tasks facing the Soviet fleet required fighting the submarines and ships of a potential enemy at a considerable distance from the fleet bases.

The result of the long and fruitful work of Leningrad designers was the appearance of the Project 1155 BOD with the code “Udaloy”. In the NATO classification, the new Soviet ship, even at the development stage, received the index “Udaloy” and was classified as a frigate. The ships of the improved project 1155.1 "Admiral Chabanenko" received the index "Udaloy II".

What was the new ship of Project 1155 type "Frigate"

When creating a new ship, the designers were instructed to ensure that the ships went into series at the production facilities of Soviet shipyards without delays or procrastination. In this regard, many components and assemblies of the new BOD were similar in their parameters to the parts and assemblies of the previous project 1134A. The ship's displacement was also within acceptable parameters - 4200 tons.

The only thing that had to be changed was to significantly increase the original dimensions of the ship. To install a new hydroacoustic station, a longer housing was required. In all other respects, the new Project 1155 BOD strongly resembled large anti-submarine ships of the Berkut type. Combat equipment was strengthened by an anti-submarine helicopter and anti-submarine weapon systems. The highlight of the project was the updated radar and sonar system. It was decided to create a vessel of larger displacement, without looking at the production capabilities of the Yantar shipyard.

The air defense system on the ships of the project was significantly strengthened, which, instead of the traditional Osa anti-aircraft missile system, was equipped with advanced Kinzhal air defense systems. The number of 30-mm anti-aircraft guns was increased to four. Starting from the 8th production vessel of the large anti-submarine ship of Project 1155 “Severomorsk”, formerly “Simferopol”, all subsequent production vessels were required to use new materials in the design. This made it possible to significantly extend the life of the vessels.

Note: At the last stage of project development, a number of radical decisions were made. Project 1155 frigates were to be based on two helicopters. The ship was additionally equipped with another radar tracking complex. It was necessary to significantly improve other tactical and technical characteristics of combat ships. The project took its final form in 1976. It was already a ship with a displacement of 7,000 tons. The propulsion system had a power of 62,000 hp, with the possibility of increasing to 80 thousand hp. Accordingly, the ship's maximum speed should have increased to 29 knots. The main difference of the new type of propulsion system is the ability to quickly switch to a defined operating mode.

The result was a combat vessel, similar in basic performance characteristics to the Berkut-type BOD, only at a completely different qualitative level. The appearance of the ship has also changed greatly. The new radar has significantly reduced the area of ​​the superstructures. At the stern of the frigate, a significant space was allocated to the helicopter hangar. The larger displacement made it possible to install two artillery systems, AK-100 and AK-630, on the Udalaya.

The place of laying and construction of the lead vessel of the Udaloy frigate project was the Kaliningrad shipyard "Yantar". The ship took almost three years to build. In 1980, the lead ship was launched and since January 1981 was included in the Northern Fleet. Almost simultaneously with the lead ship at the shipyards of the Shipyard named after. Zhdanov, the first production ship of the Large Anti-Submarine Ship of Project 1155 “Vice Admiral Kulakov” was laid down. Unlike the prototype, the first-born of the series took much longer to build. Already during the operation of the lead ship, the designers made adjustments and changes to the design documentation during the construction of the serial model. Construction was carried out at an intensive pace until the launch of the last production ship of this project, Admiral Panteleev. It was followed by the laying and launching of almost another vessel, the frigate Admiral Chabanenko.

It was decided to use for the construction not only the capacity of the Kaliningrad Shipyard "Yantar", but also to connect the shipyards of the shipyard named after. Zhdanov in Leningrad. Four units of this project were built at the Leningrad shipyard. After the launch of the 12th serial ship of Project 1155, Admiral Panteleev, the final point in the history of ships of this class was the appearance in the Russian fleet of an improved version of frigates of the Udaloy class, a ship of Project 1155.1. The ship was equipped with a more powerful anti-ship complex “Moskit” and the latest anti-submarine complex “Waterfall” at that time. The Large Anti-Submarine Ship of Project 1155.1 “Admiral Chabanenko” turned out to be the only ship of the improved version launched. The unfinished construction of frigates of the Udaloy II type became the swan song in the epic with the construction of frigate-class ships for the domestic fleet. Already the last production ship of Project 1155, Admiral Panteleev, was practically a ship of a different class, more similar in combat characteristics to destroyers.

Combat service of Project 1155 ships in the Russian Navy

Today, the first Soviet frigates form the basis of the combat formations of the Northern and Pacific fleets. The Northern Fleet also operates the very first production ship of Project 1155, the modernized frigate Vice Admiral Kulakov.

In the modern Russian fleet, ships of this project have taken on the functions of destroyers. Due to the absence of destroyers in the fleet, in the mid-90s it was decided to subject the best-preserved ships to a radical modernization. The result of the improvements made was the appearance of practically new ships, more similar in combat potential to destroyers. The combat missions performed by the updated ships also changed accordingly. Due to the fact that the fleet includes a fairly large number of ships of this type, a decision was made to carry out scheduled repairs and modernization of frigates. So while the frigate “Marshal Shaposhnikov” was under repair, its fellow ship of Project 1155 “Admiral Panteleev” participated in combat exercises in the Pacific Ocean and served for a long time as part of the Russian fleet in the Mediterranean Sea. A distinctive feature of the combat service of ships of this class is their intensive operation. Of the entire fleet of the Northern and Pacific Fleet, it is these combat vessels that carry out the largest amount of work. In the new millennium, ships of the Northern Fleet actively participated in the fight against piracy. The Project 1155 large anti-submarine ship Severomorsk has been patrolling ships off the coast of East Africa for a long time. Its sister frigate Admiral Kharlamov has repeatedly participated in military campaigns, clearly demonstrating the military presence of the Russian Navy in the oceans.

Intense combat service fell to the lot of another ship of this project, the frigate Admiral Vinogradov. For a long time, the ship carried out patrol service in the Gulf of Aden, protecting merchant ships and caravans from sea pirates. Then the combat unit was more than once included in the formation of Pacific Fleet ships sent to make friendly visits to foreign ports in the countries of the Pacific region. Alternately, changing with the ship of the same project "Admiral Panteleev" and other combat ships of the Pacific Fleet, the ship made a number of long voyages, visiting foreign ports in the Indian Ocean.

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As stated by the representative of the Department of Information and Mass Communications of the Russian Ministry of Defense for the Navy, Captain First Rank Igor Dygalo, by 2022, 5 large anti-submarine ships of Project 1155 will be repaired and modernized.

Large anti-submarine ships (BOD) of Project 1155 are one of the main “workhorses” of the Russian fleet. 4 BODs of this project - Admiral Tributs, Admiral Vinogradov, Admiral Panteleev and Marshal Shaposhnikov, together with the missile cruiser Varyag, form the "core" of the Pacific Fleet. Another 4 BODs - "Admiral Kharlamov", "Admiral Levchenko", "Vice Admiral Kulakov" and "Severomorsk", as well as the BOD "Admiral Chabanenko", built according to the improved project 1155.1, are part of the Northern Fleet.

Project 1155 ships were built in parallel with Project 956 Sarych destroyers in the 1980s. "Sarychs" were intended to strike surface targets and provide air defense to ship formations. Project 1155 ships were built as anti-submarine destroyers (called “large anti-submarine ships” in the Russian fleet). Project 1155 BODs, unlike the Sarychs being built in parallel with them, turned out to be excellent ships. The extremely unsuccessful design of power plants, the unreliability and demanding operating conditions of Project 956 destroyers due to total underfunding in the 1990s, led to their wholesale “dropout” from the Russian fleet. At the same time, Project 1155 BODs, thanks to their reliability and perfect design, for the most part managed to survive the “dark times” and at the moment they actually make up the bulk of Russian destroyers.

Project 1155 BODs have enormous anti-submarine capabilities - their “main caliber” is 8 launchers with Rastrub anti-submarine missiles (on the Admiral Chabanenko they are replaced by supersonic anti-ship missiles Moskit, and anti-submarine weapons are replaced by Vodopad anti-submarine missiles fired through torpedo tubes). At the same time, the ships are equipped with a powerful low-frequency hydroacoustic station (GAS) “Polynom”, capable of even partially “looking” under the so-called layer. thermocline - the interface between layers of water of different temperatures, weakly permeable to sound waves, and confidently detect enemy submarines at a great distance. BODs also have powerful torpedo armament and depth chargers, which make it possible to destroy even attacking enemy torpedoes with a high probability due to special “drifting” mines fired in the path of the torpedo with fuses that react to the noise of the torpedo’s propellers as it approaches. They have BOD data and powerful aviation weapons - the ship’s hangars house 2 Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters at once. The only disadvantage of the Project 1155 BOD is the absence of a medium or long-range air defense system - the Kinzhal air defense system available on the ship is capable of only providing air defense to the ship in the near zone. However, its ability to intercept enemy anti-ship missiles is the highest. The ships are also equipped with powerful radio-technical weapons, in particular the Fregat phased array radar and the Podkat specialized two-dimensional radar with an extremely narrow radiation pattern, designed specifically for detecting low-flying targets.

In conditions of very low rates of replenishment of the Russian fleet with new ships, the Project 1155 BODs will, apparently, serve for a very long time, especially since they have enormous modernization potential. As Igor Dygalo stated, during the repair and modernization of these ships, a huge amount of work will be carried out to replace life support systems and radio-technical weapons. With a high degree of probability, it can be assumed that the ships will receive the latest modifications of the Fregat radar, and the AK-630 anti-aircraft guns will be replaced by the promising Pantsir-M anti-aircraft gun and missile systems - the creation of this complex, which is a “marine” version of the well-known air defense system. Pantsir-S" is in full swing and could enter service as early as 2018, and it is quite likely that with new promising missiles that have almost twice the effective range compared to the existing 9M335 missiles of this complex.

It is also quite likely that the Kinzhal air defense system will be replaced with the newest Redut air defense system or with a naval version of the new Tor-M2U air defense system, which is also expected to be put into service by 2018-19. There are also projects for large-scale modernization of the Project 1155 BOD with the replacement of Rastrub anti-submarine missiles with launchers that support the use of Kalibo family cruise missiles and Onyx supersonic anti-ship missiles. According to some reports, the Admiral Kharlamov BOD is already undergoing a similar modernization. After such a modernization, the ships will receive many times greater combat capabilities and will become excellent destroyers, capable of not only effectively fighting enemy submarines, but also delivering powerful attacks on enemy ship groups, hitting targets with Caliber missiles at a depth of hundreds of kilometers from the enemy coast and will be capable of providing collective air defense of a naval formation with the highest efficiency. Moreover, the cost of such modernization is estimated at 2 billion rubles, while the cost of a new destroyer is no less than 30 billion.

The Main Headquarters of the Russian Navy has decided to modernize the large anti-submarine ships (BOD) of Project 1155 “Fregat” (according to NATO classification - Udaloy). Today these are the main ships of the far sea zone in the Russian fleet. They are the ones who are sent to the Horn of Africa to fight Somali pirates.

The modernization of the BOD will include equipping it with modern A-192 cannons, Caliber cruise missiles and the latest air defense and missile defense system with S-400 Redut missiles. Thanks to this, the ships They will actually become destroyers and will be able to destroy not only submarines but also surface ships, aircraft, missiles and ground objects. That is, they will become universal warships“, explained a representative of the Main Command of the Navy to the Izvestia newspaper.

According to him, modernization of 30-year-old Project 1155 BODs could cost 2 billion rubles per ship. At the same time, the cost of building a new destroyer for the far sea zone exceeds 30 billion rubles.

Retired Admiral Vladimir Zakharov explained that the modernization of the BOD 1155 will allow us to obtain a ship in a short time that meets all the urgent requirements of the fleet. Zakharov explained that a new destroyer for the far sea zone, which can replace the Frigates, will appear no earlier than 2020. New ships of such displacement as the BPK 1155 are not even in the project. And of the modern ships in service with the Russian Navy, only the . But they are half the size, less autonomous and less well armed.

In the 1970s, due to the large on-board equipment, it was decided to divide the functions of a universal ship between two specialized ones - the attack destroyer was Project 956 “Modern”, and the anti-submarine destroyer was the BOD 1155 “Frigate” with a powerful sonar station in the bow. Today, Project 956 Sovremenny attack destroyers are practically not in operation due to problems with the boilers - only three ships are in operation. They are also being prepared for modernization. Together with the updated BODs, they will form the basis of the ocean grouping of the Russian Navy.

The US Navy currently has more than 40 universal destroyers capable of sinking submarines, surface ships and hitting ground targets with Tomahawk cruise missiles.

The terms of reference for the Project 1155 BOD modernization project will be developed by the end of the year. He was assigned to prepare the 1st and 2nd Central Research Institutes of the Navy. After this, a competition will be announced among design bureaus for the best modernization project, and then a plant will be selected. The main contenders for this order are Severnaya Verf in St. Petersburg and the Yantar plant in Kaliningrad.

In addition to the weapons on the BOD, the chassis will be updated, and the center of gravity will also be changed, due to which, at high speed, the ship begins to lift its nose and hit the bottom with the water (this phenomenon is called “bottom slamming”). The Northern Design Bureau, which developed the Project 1155 BOD and will most likely receive the order, said that in order to introduce modern weapons systems, the ship’s control system, that is, almost all the electronics, will have to be changed.

During modernization, they may encounter a number of serious technical problems - whether the dimensions of the new weapon systems are suitable for a strictly BOD body. If you have to break the housing, this can significantly increase the cost of the project. “Caliber” can take the place of “Rasstrub”, but “Mosquito” can no longer take the place, say design bureau specialists.

Currently, Project 1155 BODs are armed with AK-100 artillery mounts of 100 mm caliber, semi-automatic 21-KM cannons of 45 mm caliber, anti-aircraft artillery mounts of 30 mm caliber, Kinzhal anti-aircraft missile systems, Rastrub-B anti-submarine missile systems, rocket-propelled guns bomb launchers, as well as two four-tube torpedo tubes of 533 mm caliber. The air groups of Project 1155 ships include two Ka-27PL helicopters.

The first modernized BOD will appear no earlier than 2016: The development of the main project will take about 1.5 years - every detail will have to be agreed upon with the developers and manufacturers of weapons systems, equipment and other ship systems. After this, the technical modernization project will be finalized for another 2 to 4 years - step-by-step instructions for the plant.

Over 11 years, from 1980 to 1991, 13 Project 1155 BODs were built (one of them was an improved Project 1155.1). The ships are named after Russian and Soviet admirals. Now there are 8 such ships left in service - four in the Pacific Fleet and the same number in the Northern Fleet. Since 2008, five of them have been involved in the fight against pirates in Somalia - “Marshal Shaposhnikov”, “Admiral Panteleev”, “Admiral Levchenko”, “Admiral Vinogradov” and “Admiral Chabanenko”. The Admiral Kharlamov BOD has been in reserve since 2006. Perhaps it will be the lead ship in the modernization of the entire project.