home Treatment and prevention Negative impact on a person. Negative magical effects on humans

Negative impact on a person. Negative magical effects on humans

Man lives by continuously exchanging energy with the environment, participating in the cycle of substances in the biosphere. In the process of evolution human body adapted to extremes climatic conditions - low temperatures north, high temperatures equatorial zone, to life in the dry desert and in damp swamps. IN natural conditions a person deals with the energy of solar radiation, wind movement, waves, and the earth's crust. The energy impact on an unprotected person caught in a storm or tornado, in an earthquake zone, near the crater of an active volcano or in a thunderstorm area, may exceed the level acceptable for the human body and there is no danger of injury or death. Natural energy levels remain virtually unchanged. Modern technologies And technical means make it possible to reduce their danger to some extent, but the difficulty of forecasting natural processes and changes in the biosphere, lack of knowledge about them, create difficulties in ensuring human safety in the “man - natural environment” system.

The emergence of man-made sources of heat and electrical energy, the release of nuclear energy, the development of oil and gas fields with the construction of extensive communications have created the danger of various negative impacts on humans and the environment. The energy level of man-made negative impacts is growing, and the uncontrolled release of energy in the technogenic environment is causing an increase in the number of injuries, occupational diseases and deaths.

Negative factors affecting people are thus divided into natural, that is, natural, and anthropogenic - caused by human activity. For example, dust in the air appears as a result of volcanic eruptions, wind erosion of soil, a huge number of particles

emitted by industrial enterprises.

Dangerous and harmful factors according to the nature of their action are divided into physical, chemical, biological and psychophysical.

Physical hazardous and harmful factors include:

Moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts of equipment, unstable structures and natural formations;

- sharp and falling objects;

- increase and decrease in temperature of air and surrounding surfaces;

- increased dust and gas pollution;

- increased or decreased barometric pressure;

- increased level of ionizing radiation;

- increased circuit voltage that can short circuit to the human body;

- increased level of electromagnetic radiation, ultraviolet and infrared radiation;

Insufficient lighting, reduced lighting contrast;

Increased brightness, shine, pulsation of light flux;

The workplace is at its best.

Chemically hazardous and harmful factors include harmful substances used in technological processes, industrial poisons used in agriculture and in everyday life pesticides, medicines, chemical warfare agents.

Chemically hazardous and harmful factors are divided according to the nature of their effect on the human body and the route of penetration into the body.

Biologically hazardous and harmful factors are:

- pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, special types of microorganisms - spirochetes and recketsia, fungi) and their metabolic products;

Plants and animals.

Biological contamination environment arises as a result

accidents at biotechnical enterprises, wastewater treatment plants, insufficient wastewater treatment.

Psychophysiological production factors are factors determined by the characteristics of the nature and organization of work, the parameters of the workplace and equipment. They can have an adverse effect on the functional state of the human body, its well-being, emotional and intellectual spheres and lead to a persistent decrease in performance and poor health.

Based on the nature of their action, psychophysical dangerous and harmful production factors are divided into physical (static and dynamic) and neuropsychic overloads: mental overstrain, overstrain of analyzers, monotony of work, emotional overload.

Dangerous and harmful factors, by the nature of their action, can simultaneously belong to different groups.

1. Noise. Noise is a collection of sounds of varying frequencies and intensities, varying randomly over time. For normal existence, in order not to feel isolated from the world, a person needs a noise level of 10 - 20 dB. This is the sound of leaves, a park or a forest. Development of technology and industrial production was accompanied by an increase in the noise level affecting humans. In production conditions, the impact of noise on the body is often combined with other negative impacts: toxic substances, temperature changes, vibration, etc.

Noise is the most unfavorable factor affecting a person; the result of fatigue due to loud noise is the number of errors during work, the risk of injury increases and labor productivity decreases.

1. Ultrasound. Ultrasound is elastic vibrations that are not perceived by the human ear, the frequency of which exceeds 15 - 20 kilohertz; exists in

nature in the noise of wind, waves, made by some animals - bats, dolphins, etc.

The propagation of ultrasound and an increase in the duration of its exposure can lead to excessive heating of biological structures and their damage, which is accompanied by a functional disorder of the nervous, cardiovascular and endocrine systems, changes in the properties and composition of the blood. Ultrasound can break molecular bonds - for example, a water molecule breaks up into free radicals OH and H, which is the root cause of the oxidizing effect of ultrasound. Ultrasound breaks down high-molecular compounds in the same way. Ultrasound has a damaging effect at an intensity above 120 dB.

When a person comes into direct contact with the media through which ultrasound propagates, its contact effect on the human body occurs. In this case, the peripheral nervous system and joints at the points of contact are affected, capillary circulation in the hands is disrupted, and pain sensitivity is reduced. It has been established that ultrasonic vibrations, penetrating the body, can cause serious local changes in tissues - inflammation, hemorrhage, necrosis (death of cells and tissues). The degree of damage depends on the intensity and duration of the ultrasound, as well as on the presence of other negative factors. The presence of noise worsens the general condition.

It should be noted that noise and vibration enhance the toxic effect of industrial poisons. For example, the simultaneous action of a standard and ultrasound produces an increased adverse effect on the central nervous system.

3. Human exposure to static, electric and magnetic fields. WITH The existence of a person in any environment is associated with the influence of electromagnetic fields on him and his environment. In cases of stationary electric charges, we are dealing with electrostatic fields.

Electric fields from excess charges on objects, clothing, and the human body place a great burden on the human nervous system. Research shows that the central nervous system and cardiovascular system of the body are most sensitive to electric fields. Also installed beneficial influence on the well-being of removing excess electrostatic charge from the human body (grounding, walking barefoot).

For functional diseases nervous system Constant electric field treatment is used. Under the influence of an external strictly dosed electric field, charges in the tissues of the body grow, which improves redox processes, oxygen is better used, and wounds heal.

Constant magnetic fields do not pose a danger under normal conditions and are used in various magnetic therapy devices.

Power lines, electrical equipment, various electrical appliances - all technical systems that generate, transmit and use electromagnetic energy create electromagnetic fields in the environment (alternating electric and inextricably linked alternating magnetic fields).

The effect of electromagnetic fields on the human body is determined by the frequency of radiation, its intensity, duration and nature of action, individual characteristics body. The spectrum of electromagnetic fields includes low frequencies up to 3 Hz, industrial frequencies from 3 to 300 Hz, radio frequencies from 30 Hz to 300 MHz, as well as ultra-high frequency (UHF) frequencies from 30 to 300 MHz and ultra-high frequencies (microwave) from 300 MHz to 300 MHz. GHz.

Electromagnetic fields have thermal and biological effects on the human body. An alternating electric field causes heating of dielectrics (cartilage, tendons, etc.) due to conduction currents and due to alternating polarization. The release of heat can lead to

overheating, especially those tissues and organs that are not well supplied with blood vessels (the lenses of the eye, gallbladder, bladder). The central nervous and cardiovascular systems are most sensitive to the biological effects of radio waves. With prolonged exposure to radio waves of not too high intensity (about 10 W/m2), headaches, fatigue, changes in blood pressure and pulse, and neuropsychic disorders appear. Weight loss, hair loss, and changes in blood composition may occur.

4. Ultraviolet radiation from powerful artificial sources (luminous plasma of a welding arc, arc lamp, short-circuit arc discharge, etc.) causes acute eye damage - electroophthalmia. A few hours after exposure, lacrimation, spasm of the eyelids, pain and pain in the eyes, redness and inflammation of the skin and mucous membrane of the eyelids appear. A similar phenomenon is also observed in snowy mountains due to the high ultraviolet content of sunlight.

In production conditions, sanitary standards for the intensity of ultraviolet radiation are established; the use of protective equipment (glasses, masks, screens) when working with ultraviolet radiation is mandatory.

5. Infrared radiation produces a thermal effect. Infrared rays penetrate quite deeply (up to 4 cm) into the tissues of the body, increase the temperature of the irradiated area of the skin, and with intense irradiation of the whole body, they increase the overall body temperature and cause a sharp reddening of the skin. Excessive exposure to infrared rays (close to powerful heat sources, during periods of high solar activity) with high humidity can cause a violation of thermoregulation - acute overheating, or heat stroke. Heatstroke is a clinically severe symptom complex characterized by headache, dizziness, increased heart rate, blackout or loss of consciousness, and loss of coordination.

movements, convulsions. First aid for heat stroke requires removal from the source of radiation, cooling, creation of conditions to improve blood supply to the brain, and medical care.

The effect of current over 25 mA on muscle tissue leads to paralysis of the respiratory muscles and respiratory arrest. With a further increase in current, fibrillation (convulsive contraction) of the heart may occur. A current of 100mA is considered lethal.

Alternating current is less dangerous than direct current. It matters which parts of the body a person touches the current-carrying part. The most dangerous are those pathways that affect the brain (head - arms, head - legs), heart and lungs (arms - legs). Any electrical appliances must be kept away from grounded elements of equipment (including water pipes, pipes and heating radiators) to prevent accidental contact with them.

Rooms with metal, earthen fields, and damp areas pose an increased danger. Particularly dangerous are rooms with vapors of acids and alkalis in the air. Safe for life is a voltage of no higher than 42 V for dry, heated rooms with conductive floors without increased danger, no higher than 36 V for rooms with increased danger (metal, earthen, brick floors, dampness, the possibility of touching grounded structural elements), no higher than 12 V for especially dangerous premises with a chemically active environment or two or more signs of premises with increased danger.

In the event that a person finds himself in the vicinity of a live wire that has fallen to the ground, there is a danger of injury from step voltage. Step voltage is the voltage between two points of the current circuit, located one step apart from each other, on which a person simultaneously stands. Such a circuit is created by the current spreading along the ground from the wire. Once in the current spreading zone, a person must connect his legs together and slowly leave the dangerous zone so that when

When moving, the foot of one leg did not completely extend beyond the other. If you accidentally fall, you can touch the ground with your hands, which increases the potential difference and the risk of injury.

The effect of current on the body is reduced to heating, electrolysis and mechanical impact. This may explain the different outcome of electrical injuries in other equal conditions. Nervous tissue and the brain are especially sensitive to electric current.

Mechanical action leads to tissue rupture, delamination, and the shock action of fluid evaporation from body tissues.

During thermal action, overheating occurs and functional disorder organs in the path of the current.

The electrical effect of the current is expressed in the electrolysis of fluid in the tissues of the body, changing the composition of the blood.

The biological effect of current is expressed in irritation and overexcitation of the nervous system.

7. Harmful chemicals. Harmful environmental chemicals, like any other, can be divided into two groups: natural (natural) and anthropogenic (entering the environment due to human activity).

Diversity for the human body chemical substances has unequal significance. One of them is indifferent, that is, indifferent to the body, others have a harmful effect on the body, and others have pronounced biological activity.

A balance disorder, expressed in disruption of vital processes or the development of a disease, can occur when exposed to an environmental factor of extreme magnitude or unusual nature. This kind of situation can occur in certain territories due to the natural uneven distribution of chemical elements in the biosphere: atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere.

In these areas, an excess or deficiency of certain chemical elements is observed in the local fauna and flora. Such territories were called biogeochemical provinces, and the observed specific diseases of the population were called geochemical diseases. So, for example, if this or that chemical element If, say, iodine is insufficient in the soil, then a decrease in its content is found in plants growing on these soils, as well as in the body of animals that feed on these plants. As a result, food products of both plant and animal origin are depleted in iodine. The chemical composition of ground and underground waters reflects chemical composition soil. If there is a lack of iodine in the soil, there is not enough iodine in drinking water. Iodine is highly volatile. In the case of reduced content in the soil, its concentration in the atmospheric air is also reduced. Thus, in a biochemical province depleted of iodine, the human body constantly does not receive iodine from food, water and air. The consequence is a geochemical disease among the population - endemic goiter.

In a biogeochemical province depleted of fluoride, when the fluorine content in the water supply is 0.4 mg/l or less, there is an increased incidence of dental caries.

There are other biogeochemical provinces depleted in copper, calcium, manganese, and cobalt; enriched with lead, uranium, molybdenum, manganese, copper and other elements.

The natural geochemical situation, which is heterogeneous in different territories and determines the entry of chemicals into the human body with food, inhaled through air, water and through the skin, can also change to a significant extent as a result human activity. There is such a thing as anthropogenic chemical environmental factors. They can appear as a result of purposeful human activity,

and as a result of population growth, its concentration in major cities, chemicalization of all sectors of industry, agriculture, transport and everyday life.

The limitless possibilities of chemistry have led to the production of product products instead of natural, synthetic and artificial materials. In connection with these, the level of environmental pollution is constantly increasing:

- atmosphere - due to the entry of industrial emissions, exhaust gases, fuel combustion products;

Air in the working area - with insufficient sealing, mechanization and automation of production processes;

Air in residential premises - due to the destruction of polymers, varnish, paints, mastics, etc.;

Drinking water- as a result of wastewater discharge;

Food - with irrational use of pesticides, as a result of the use of new types of packaging and containers, with the continuous use of new types of synthetic feed;

Clothes - when made from synthetic fibers;

Toys, household items - when manufactured using synthetic materials and paints.

The widespread development of chemicalization has led to the use of a huge number of chemicals in industry and agriculture - in the form of raw materials, auxiliary, intermediate, by-products and production waste. Those chemicals that, penetrating into the body even in small quantities, cause disruptions in normal functioning, are called harmful substances. Harmful substances or industrial poisons in the form of vapors, gases, dust are found in many industries.

The toxic effects of toxic substances are diverse, but a number of general patterns regarding the ways of their entry into

organism, sorption, distribution and transformation in the body, excretion from the body, the nature of the effect on the body in connection with their chemical structure and physical properties.

Harmful substances can enter the body in three ways: through the lungs by inhalation, through the gastrointestinal tract with food and water, and through intact skin by resorption.

The distribution and transformation of harmful substances in the body depends on its chemical activity.

There is a group of so-called non-reacting gases and vapors, which, due to their low chemical activity in the body, either do not change or change very slowly, therefore they accumulate quite quickly in the blood. These include vapors of all aromatic and fatty hydrocarbons and their derivatives.

Another group consists of reacting substances that easily dissolve in body fluids and undergo various changes. These include ammonia, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and others.

Initially, blood saturation with harmful substances occurs quickly due to big difference partial pressure, then slows down and when the partial pressure of gases or vapors in the alveolar air and blood equalizes, saturation stops. After removing the victim from the contaminated atmosphere, desorption of gases and vapors begins and their removal through the lungs. Desorption also occurs based on the laws of diffusion.

The danger of poisoning from dusty substances is no less than from vaporous substances. The degree of poisoning depends on the solubility of the chemical. Substances that are highly soluble in water or fat are absorbed in the upper respiratory tract or nasal cavity, for example, narcotic substances. With an increase in the volume of pulmonary respiration and blood circulation speed, the sorption of chemicals occurs faster. Thus, when performing physical work or staying in

conditions elevated temperature air, when the volume of breathing and the speed of blood flow increase sharply, poisoning occurs much faster.

The entry of harmful substances through the gastrointestinal tract is possible from contaminated hands, food and water. A classic example of such entry into the body is lead: it is a soft metal, it is easily washed, contaminates hands, is difficult to wash off with water, and easily penetrates into the body when eating or smoking. IN gastrointestinal tract chemicals are more difficult to absorb compared to the lungs, since the gastrointestinal tract has a smaller surface area and the selective nature of absorption is manifested here: substances that are highly soluble in fats are best absorbed. However, in the gastrointestinal tract, substances may, under the influence of its contents, change in an unfavorable direction. For example, the same lead compounds, poorly soluble in water, dissolve well in gastric juice and are therefore easily absorbed.

Harmful substances that are highly soluble in fats and lipids can penetrate through intact skin (epidermis, sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles), for example, many drugs, naphthalene substances, etc. The degree of penetration of chemicals through the skin depends on their solubility, size the surface of contact with the skin, the volume and speed of blood flow in it. For example, when working in conditions of elevated air temperature, when blood circulation in the skin increases, the number of poisonings through the skin increases. Great importance at the same time, the substances have consistency and volatility: liquid volatile substances quickly evaporate from the surface of the skin and do not have time to be absorbed; The greatest danger is posed by the oil's low-volatile substances; they linger on the skin for a long time, which facilitates their absorption.

Knowledge of the ways in which harmful substances enter the body determines measures to prevent poisoning.

What is the limit for the content of chemicals in the environment?

where are the quantitative boundaries of this limit for life safety, what are the limits of permissible levels of exposure to negative environments on the environment and on humans.

In connection with this problem, the concepts arose: maximum permissible levels (MPL), maximum permissible emissions (MPE), maximum permissible concentrations (MPC).

The sanitary standards of the above-mentioned concepts are the legal basis for the design, construction and operation of industrial enterprises, the planning and development of housing, the creation and use of personal protective equipment.

These standards are regulated in accordance with GOST and are mandatory for all legal entities and individuals.

Standards are an integral part of sanitary legislation and the basis of preventive and ongoing sanitary supervision, and also serve as a criterion for the effectiveness of developed and implemented health measures and measures to create safe living conditions.

One of the toxicologists I.V. Sanotsky in 1971 proposed the most accurate formulation of the maximum permissible concentration in relation to any parts of the biosphere (for atmospheric air, work area air, water, soil, etc.):

“The maximum permissible concentration of a chemical compound in external environment called such a concentration, when exposed to the body periodically or throughout life, directly or indirectly through environmental systems, as well as through possible economic damage, no somatic or mental illness(hidden or temporarily compensated) or changes in health status that go beyond the adaptive physiological fluctuations detected modern methods research immediately or in the long term of the life of the present and subsequent generations.”

The maximum permissible factor level (MAL) is the maximum

level of exposure, which, with constant action throughout the entire working time and length of service does not cause biological changes in adaptive-compensatory capabilities, psychological disorders in humans and their offspring.

A level is an absolute or relative value for a person’s health and his genetic fund.

There are remote control levels of pollution, radiation, noise, vibration, etc.

For example, permissible noise levels in workplaces are regulated by No. 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-92. The noise in the ventilation chamber should not exceed the permissible standards of 100 dB (A), in accordance with GOST 12.1.003-83, and in the room - 65 dB (A); in accordance with the requirements of GOST 12.1.005-88 SSBT standardize optimal and permissible microclimate conditions (air temperature, humidity, and speed in the working area).

Development human society associated with the use of various natural resources. The natural environment is the habitat of man, the source of all the benefits necessary for his life and production activities.

The achievements of science and technology have created the illusion of man's isolation from nature, and even dominance over it. To meet your needs modern man needs significantly more resources than before.

And humanity faces serious and complex problems in protecting humans and their environment from the dangers that arise from specific activities. The more complex the type of activity, the more compact the system for protecting labor protection and health of workers in production, when Special attention is given to the human factor, becomes the most important task.

Occupational safety and health are closely related to environmental protection objectives. Purification of wastewater, gas emissions into the air basin, preservation and improvement of the condition to combat noise and vibration, protection from electrostatic

fields and much more - these measures help ensure normal working and living conditions for people and help minimize the impact of negative factors on people and their environment.

| The influence of an unfavorable environment on human health

Basics of life safety
6th grade

Lesson 31
The influence of an unfavorable environment on human health

Human health largely depends on the state of the natural environment. Clean water, fresh air and fertile soil - all this is necessary for people.

Environmental pollution has a negative impact on health. Polluted atmospheric air can become a source of harmful substances entering the body through the respiratory system. Contaminated water may contain pathogens and substances hazardous to health. Contaminated soil and groundwater degrade the quality of agricultural food products. Man has long considered the natural environment mainly as a source of raw materials (resources) necessary to satisfy his needs. At the same time, most of the resources taken from nature are returned to nature in the form of waste. The bulk of this waste and pollution is generated in cities.

Currently, more than half of the world's people live in cities (in Russian Federation about 74%). Cities are not only places where people live, but also industrial centers that house large factories and factories that pollute the environment.

In cities, railroads and highways continuously transport goods and people. All types of transport heavily pollute the atmosphere with exhaust gases containing substances harmful to human health.

In every modern city, as a result of human activity, a lot of industrial and domestic waste is generated.

From landfills located near cities, it spreads over a long distance. bad smell. Reproduces in landfills a large number of flies, mice and rats, which are carriers of various pathogenic bacteria.

Human activity leads to constant pollution of the natural environment: atmospheric air, natural waters and soils.

Air pollution. In some cases, air pollution is caused by gaseous substances, in others - by the presence of suspended particles. Gaseous impurities include various compounds of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and hydrocarbons. The most common particulate matter is dust and soot particles.

The main sources of air pollution include enterprises of the fuel and energy complex, transport and industrial enterprises.

Water pollution. The main pollutants of natural waters are oil and oil products, which enter the water as a result of natural oil seeps in the areas of its occurrence, oil production, transportation, processing and use as fuel and industrial raw materials.

Pollution aquatic environment occurs when liquid flowing from agricultural and forest lands treated with chemicals enters water bodies, and when waste from enterprises is discharged into water bodies. All this worsens the sanitary and hygienic indicators of water quality.

Soil pollution. The main soil pollutants are metals and their compounds, radioactive elements, as well as fertilizers and pesticides (chemicals used to control weeds).

It is known that under the influence of the environment, inherited changes (mutations) can occur in the human body. Continued environmental degradation may ultimately lead to a decline in protective properties an organism that will no longer resist various diseases.

Society is aware of the need to legislate human rights to a clean environment. Thus, the Constitution of the Russian Federation, adopted in 1993, defines: “Everyone has the right to a favorable environment, reliable information about its condition and to compensation for damage to his health or property due to environmental violations.”

People all over the world are taking certain measures to reduce harmful industrial emissions into the environment, but this is not yet enough. Every person must take care of the natural environment and his own health. Caring for the environment begins with your own home, street, park, etc. It is necessary to change your consumer, aggressive attitude towards nature, replace it with concern for the preservation of all living things, and participate in landscaping hometown or populated area. How to increase the body's resistance to the adverse effects of the external environment?

IN Lately Substances that increase the body's resistance to harmful environmental influences are being actively studied. Such substances are vitamins A (retinol), E (topherol), C ( ascorbic acid). All vitamins are absorbed most fully if they are consumed in combination.

Note that these vitamins and microelements necessary for the human body are contained in significant quantities in products plant origin. We list the most accessible of them.

White cabbage contains a whole complex of vitamins, enzymes and microelements, which make it one of the most important products of therapeutic and dietary nutrition. Healthy and fresh sauerkraut, when cabbage is pickled, it retains significant amount vitamin C.

Carrots are a valuable food product. Carrots contain all the vitamins the body needs (B, B2, B6, C, E, K, PP). Daily consumption of fresh carrots significantly strengthens the body, increases its resistance to infectious diseases and adverse effects of the external environment.

Other vegetables you know also contain many health benefits: potatoes, onion, Bell pepper, beets, tomatoes, parsley. It has been established that vegetable oils (sunflower, corn, etc.) are rich in vitamin E. Vegetable salads and vinaigrettes, seasoned vegetable oil, contain the entire complex of vitamins and microelements necessary for your body. Never give up fresh vegetables and fruits, as well as fresh salads. To maintain health, experts recommend that 2/3 of a person’s daily diet consist of fresh vegetables and fruits.

Test yourself

■ What impact does the natural environment have on human health?
■ Why, in your opinion, does environmental pollution occur? Justify your answer.
■ Why should every person protect and preserve the natural environment?
■ Is it possible to increase the human body’s resistance to adverse environmental factors?
■ Why is regularly eating fresh vegetables and fruits good for human health?

After lessons

Eating fresh vegetables and fruits is beneficial. Try to confirm this, based on the experience of organizing meals for your family and materials on the Internet and 8 various printed publications (books, magazines). Write your opinion in your safety diary.

In the empty cells of the table in the safety diary, write down what, in your opinion, industry, transport and landfills are poisoning the natural environment (air, water, soil). Use the knowledge gained from studying the paragraph and your own observations of environmental pollution in your region.

Man lives by continuously exchanging energy with the environment, participating in the transformation of substances in the biosphere. In the process of evolution, the human body adapts to natural climatic conditions. Under natural conditions, a person deals with solar radiation, wind movement, and the earth's crust. The energy level of technogenic negative impacts of plants, the uncontrolled release of energy in the technogenic environment, is the cause of an increase in the number of injuries, mutilations, occupational diseases and deaths.

A person violates safety requirements for the following reasons:

1. due to ignorance of these requirements

2. due to unwillingness to comply with safety requirements known to him

3. due to inability to fulfill the requirements

4. due to the inability to fulfill the requirements (for reasons beyond the control of the person)

Violations may be:

Relatively constant (a person underestimates the danger, is prone to risk, safe work is not encouraged)

Temporary (a person in a state of depression, alcohol intoxication)

Negative factors affecting people are divided into:

1. natural (natural)

2. anthropogenic (caused by human activity)

Dangerous and harmful factors according to the nature of their action are divided into:

Physical

Chemical

Biological

Psychophysical

Physical hazards and harmful factors include:

1. moving machines and mechanisms, moving parts, O equipment, not

2. sustainable structures and natural formations

3. sharp and falling objects

4. increase and decrease in temperature of the air and surrounding surface

5. increased dust and gas pollution

6. increased level of noise, acoustic vibrations, vibrations, increase or decrease in barometric pressure

7. increase in the level of ionizing radiation

8. Electrical voltage

9. increased levels of electromagnetic radiation, ultraviolet and infrared radiation

10. insufficient lighting and reduced lighting concentration

11. increased brightness, pulsation of light flux

12. workplace on high

Chemically hazardous and harmful factors include:

Industrial poisons

Pesticide

Medicines used for other purposes

Chemical warfare agents

Chemically hazardous and harmful factors are divided into:

The nature of the effect on the human body

Routes of entry into the body

Biologically hazardous and harmful factors are:

Pathogenic microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, special types of microorganisms (fungi) and their metabolic products

Plants and animals (bird flu).

Biological pollution of the environment occurs as a result of accidents at biotechnological enterprises, wastewater treatment plants, insufficient wastewater treatment.

Psychophysiological production factors determined by the characteristics of the nature and organization of work, the parameters of the workplace and equipment. They can have an adverse effect on the functional state of the human body, its well-being, emotional and intellectual spheres and lead to a persistent decrease in performance and poor health.

Dangerous and harmful factors, by the nature of their action, can simultaneously belong to different groups.

Rationing– This is the determination of quantitative indicators of environmental factors, characterizing safe levels of their influence on the health and living conditions of the population.

N standards cannot be set arbitrarily; they are developed based on the study of the relationship of the organism with various environmental factors.

There are:

Maximum permissible concentration (MPC)

Acceptable Residue Quantities (ARQs)

Estimated Safe Exposure Levels (ISEL)

Maximum permissible emissions (MPE)

Maximum permissible discharge (MPD)

Standards are an integral part of sanitary legislation and the basis of sanitary supervision; they are a criterion for the effectiveness of measures being developed and implemented to create safe living conditions.

All people from our environment carry various negative influences. Whether we like it or not, when we contact our interlocutor, this energy also affects us. Let's say your interlocutor is sad and talks about his problems. After such a conversation, there will clearly not be any increase in positive emotions. We are not able to isolate ourselves from society. Therefore, it is important to learn not to give in to other people’s moods and maintain emotional balance.

How to protect yourself from people's negative energy

First of all, it is important to let go of expectations. Don't expect good or bad from people. It is impossible to predict what any given meeting will bring. Even people you think are extremely positive can be unpleasantly surprised. It’s better not to guess how the event will go, but to act according to the situation. Usually, situational decisions in dealing with people turn out to be the most correct.

People are completely different. The world is full of people filled with negativity and hatred. When contacting such people, it is better to keep your distance. Such individuals tend to take out their dissatisfaction on others. In addition, they often deliberately try to provoke a person to manifest negative emotions, getting satisfaction from it. This behavior often manifests itself unconsciously, but it doesn't make it any easier for you. Therefore, try not to succumb to the provocations of such dissatisfied individuals. Without emotion, parry offensive jokes, criticism and other unpleasant things that you may hear from them. In this case, you will be considered a winner, since the negative will remain with the one who brought it.

The most the best way Avoiding negative influences is an optimistic attitude and self-confidence. If you are confident in yourself and have an optimistic outlook on things, it will be difficult to get you out of your emotional balance. We must try to find positive moments in every person and every situation. In this case, you will be fine, and no one will be able to dissuade you from this. You can also even help those around you by sharing positive energy.

If we're talking about about a long-term relationship, and the person retains negative energy all this time, then it is better to think about breaking such contacts. Your positivity will not decrease, but your negativity will decrease. At the same time, it is not necessary to express everything in person. It's better to just start avoiding contact with him. And if no conclusions are drawn, the relationship will end on its own. This way you will get rid of the negative influence factor.

Find a way that suits you to wash away the negativity that you often encounter. Breathing practices and meditation are good for clearing your mind of any thoughts. Many people shed their negativity in the gym, during intense exercise. People who play sports are statistically less susceptible.

Don't be afraid to refuse people. Especially when your emotional condition begins to wobble slightly. Excessive emotional stress at this moment can even provoke a nervous breakdown.

Remember that the negative influence and energy of the environment is a problem of the environment until you let it into yourself and into your life.

Bye everyone.
Best regards, Vyacheslav.

The ability to show compassion and empathy is considered positive quality. But it is important to show them correctly. If you feel exhausted after talking to another person, then you need to think about changing your behavior.

There are many problems in our life. Our relatives and friends also have them, and we often have to listen to complaints about something or someone. On the one hand, it’s natural; people want to somehow relieve tension, speak out, and we help them do this. On the other hand, constantly listening to other people's complaints takes away our energy.

The influence of a negative person

Some people talk about their problems to get support and advice. And others - to throw their negativity onto someone else. You need to learn to differentiate.

Perhaps people in the second category will call you an insensitive egoist when you refuse to follow their lead. Maybe they will try to instill a feeling of guilt or something else unpleasant. Not scary. The compensation will be a surge of energy and a sense of self-esteem after abandoning toxic communication.

Why you shouldn't listen to complaints

Because those who only complain do nothing to change their life. He is used to being in the role of the offended. He has such a psychotype, such a worldview.

Will you listen to him, but how will you help? Nothing. He doesn't need help, he needs to talk. And a conversation without a goal is meaningless.

By complaining, he subconsciously, and sometimes consciously, relieves himself of the feeling of guilt for his failure. A specialist who knows how to influence their way of thinking should work with such people.

Greatest negative impact per person have his own thoughts about the bad.

You will never solve the problems of someone who always complains, because he has no intention of solving them. You will never console his soul with compassion, because he doesn’t need it. All he strives for is to find liberation from responsibility for his fate. That is, to the impossible.

What happens to us when we constantly listen to complaints

We are giving away energy to nowhere. We want to help, but the solution to the problem does not come. We try again and again and end up exhausted.

First signs of exhaustion

Emotional imbalance
Difficulty solving your own problems
Problems with concentration
The emergence of negative thoughts

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