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§ 1. Beginning of the First World War. Progress of military operations on the Caucasian front

On August 1, 1914, the First World War began. The war was fought between coalitions: the Entente (England, France, Russia) and the Triple Alliance (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey) for the redistribution of spheres of influence in the world. Most states of the world took part in the war, voluntarily or forcedly, which is why the war got its name.

During the war, Ottoman Turkey sought to implement the “Pan-Turkism” program - to annex territories inhabited by Turkic peoples, including Transcaucasia, southern regions Russia and Central Asia to Altai. In turn, Russia sought to annex the territory of Western Armenia, seize the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits and access the Mediterranean Sea. Fighting between the two coalitions took place on many fronts in Europe, Asia and Africa.

On the Caucasian front, the Turks concentrated an army of 300 thousand, led by Minister of War Enver. In October 1914, Turkish troops launched an offensive and managed to capture some border territories, and also invaded the western regions of Iran. In the winter months, during the battles near Sarykamysh, Russian troops defeated superior Turkish forces and drove them out of Iran. During 1915, military operations continued with varying success. At the beginning of 1916, Russian troops launched a large-scale offensive and, having defeated the enemy, captured Bayazet, Mush, Alashkert, the large city of Erzurum and an important port on Black Sea coast Trapizon. During 1917, there were no active military operations on the Caucasian Front. The demoralized Turkish troops did not attempt to launch a new offensive, and the February and October Revolution 1917 in Russia and changes in government did not give the Russian command the opportunity to develop an offensive. On December 5, 1917, a truce was concluded between the Russian and Turkish commands.

§ 2. Armenian volunteer movement. Armenian battalions

The Armenian people took an active part in the First World War on the side of the Entente countries. In Russia, about 200 thousand Armenians were drafted into the army. More than 50,000 Armenians fought in the armies of other countries. Since the aggressive plans of tsarism coincided with the desire of the Armenian people to liberate the territories of Western Armenia from the Turkish yoke, Armenian political parties conducted active propaganda for the organization of volunteer detachments with a total number of about 10 thousand people.

The first detachment was commanded by the outstanding leader of the liberation movement, national hero Andranik Ozanyan, who later received the rank of general in the Russian army. The commanders of other detachments were Dro, Hamazasp, Keri, Vardan, Arshak Dzhanpoladyan, Hovsep Argutyan and others. The commander of the VI detachment subsequently became Gayk Bzhshkyan - Guy, a later famous commander of the Red Army. Armenians - volunteers from various regions of Russia and even from other countries - signed up for the detachments. Armenian troops showed courage and participated in all major battles for the liberation of Western Armenia.

The tsarist government initially encouraged the volunteer movement of the Armenians in every possible way, until the defeat of the Turkish armies became obvious. Fearing that the Armenian detachments could serve as the basis for a national army, the command of the Caucasian Front in the summer of 1916 reorganized the volunteer detachments into the 5th rifle battalion of the Russian army.

§ 3. Armenian genocide of 1915 in the Ottoman Empire

In 1915-1918 The Young Turk government of Turkey planned and carried out the genocide of the Armenian population in the Ottoman Empire. As a result of the forced eviction of Armenians from their historical homeland and massacres, 1.5 million people died.

Back in 1911 in Thessaloniki, at a secret meeting of the Young Turk party, it was decided to Turkify all subjects of the Muslim faith, and destroy all Christians. With the outbreak of World War I, the Young Turk government decided to take advantage of the favorable international situation and carry out its long-planned plans.

The genocide was carried out according to a specific plan. Firstly, men liable for military service were drafted into the army in order to deprive the Armenian population of the possibility of resistance. They were used as work units and were gradually destroyed. Secondly, the Armenian intelligentsia, which could organize and lead the resistance of the Armenian population, was destroyed. In March-April 1915, more than 600 people were arrested: parliament members Onik Vramyan and Grigor Zokhrap, writers Varuzhan, Siamanto, Ruben Sevak, composer and musicologist Komitas. On the way to their place of exile, they were subjected to insults and humiliation. Many of them died along the way, and the survivors were subsequently brutally murdered. On April 24, 1915, the Young Turk authorities executed 20 Armenian political prisoners. An eyewitness to these atrocities, the famous composer Komitas lost his mind.

After this, the Young Turk authorities began to evict and exterminate already defenseless children, old people and women. All property of the Armenians was plundered. On the way to the place of exile, the Armenians were subjected to new atrocities: the weak were killed, women were raped or kidnapped for harems, children died from hunger and thirst. From total number Of the exiled Armenians, barely a tenth reached the place of exile - the Der-el-Zor desert in Mesopotamia. Of the 2.5 million Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire, 1.5 million were destroyed, and the rest scattered throughout the world.

Part of the Armenian population was able to escape thanks to the help of Russian troops and, abandoning everything, fled from their homes to the borders of the Russian Empire. Some Armenian refugees found salvation in Arab countries, Iran and other countries. Many of them, after the defeat of the Turkish troops, returned to their homeland, but were subjected to new atrocities and destruction. About 200 thousand Armenians were forcibly Turkified. Many thousands of Armenian orphans were rescued by American charitable and missionary organizations operating in the Middle East.

After the defeat in the war and the flight of the Young Turk leaders, the new government of Ottoman Turkey in 1920 conducted an investigation into the crimes of the previous government. For planning and carrying out the Armenian genocide, the military tribunal in Constantinople convicted and sentenced to death in absentia Taleat (Prime Minister), Enver (Minister of War), Cemal (Minister of Internal Affairs) and Behaeddin Shakir (Secretary of the Central Committee of the Young Turks Party). Their sentence was carried out by Armenian avengers.

The Young Turk leaders fled Turkey after their defeat in the war and found refuge in Germany and other countries. But they failed to escape vengeance.

Soghomon Tehlirian shot Taleat on March 15, 1921 in Berlin. The German court, having examined the case, acquitted Tehlirian.

Petros Ter-Petrosyan and Artashes Gevorkyan killed Dzhemal in Tiflis on July 25, 1922.

Arshavir Shikaryan and Aram Yerkanyan shot Behaeddin Shakir on April 17, 1922 in Berlin.

Enver was killed in August 1922 in Central Asia.

§ 4. Heroic self-defense of the Armenian population

During the genocide of 1915, the Armenian population of some regions, through heroic self-defense, was able to escape or die with honor - with arms in hand.

For more than a month, the residents of the city of Van and nearby villages heroically defended themselves against regular Turkish troops. Self-defense was led by Armenak Yekaryan, Aram Manukyan, Panos Terlemazyan and others. All Armenian political parties acted in concert. They were saved from final death by the Russian army's offensive on Van in May 1915. Due to the forced retreat of Russian troops, 200 thousand residents of the Van vilayet were also forced to leave their homeland along with Russian troops to escape new massacres.

The highlanders of Sasun defended themselves against regular Turkish troops for almost a year. The siege ring gradually tightened, and most of the population was slaughtered. The entry of the Russian army into Mush in February 1916 saved the people of Sasun from final destruction. Of the 50 thousand population of Sasun, about a tenth was saved, and they were forced to leave their homeland and move within the Russian Empire.

The Armenian population of the town of Shapin-Garaisar, having received an order to relocate, took up arms and fortified themselves in a nearby dilapidated fortress. For 27 days, the Armenians repelled attacks by regular Turkish forces. When food and ammunition were already running out, it was decided to try to break out of the encirclement. About a thousand people were saved. Those who remained were brutally killed.

The defenders of Musa-Lera showed an example of heroic self-defense. Having received an order to evict, the 5 thousand Armenian population of seven villages in the Suetia region (on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, near Antioch) decided to defend themselves and fortified themselves on Mount Musa. Self-defense was led by Tigran Andreasyan and others. For a month and a half there were unequal battles with Turkish troops armed with artillery. The French cruiser Guichen noticed an Armenian call for help, and on September 10, 1915, the remaining 4,058 Armenians were transported to Egypt on French and English ships. The story of this heroic self-defense is described in the novel “40 Days of Musa Dagh” by the Austrian writer Franz Werfel.

The last source of heroism was the self-defense of the population of the Armenian quarter of the city of Edesia, which lasted from September 29 to November 15, 1915. All the men died with weapons in their hands, and the surviving 15 thousand women and children were exiled by the Young Turk authorities to the deserts of Mesopotamia.

Foreigners who witnessed the genocide of 1915-1916 condemned this crime and left descriptions of the atrocities carried out by the Young Turk authorities against the Armenian population. They also refuted the false accusations of the Turkish authorities about the alleged uprising of the Armenians. Johann Lepsius, Anatole France, Henry Morgenthau, Maxim Gorky, Valery Bryusov and many others raised their voices against the first genocide in the history of the 20th century and the atrocities taking place. Nowadays, the parliaments of many countries have already recognized and condemned the genocide of the Armenian people committed by the Young Turks.

§ 5. Consequences of genocide

During the Genocide of 1915, the Armenian population in their historical homeland was barbarously exterminated. Responsibility for the Genocide of the Armenian population lies with the leaders of the Young Turks party. Turkish Prime Minister Taleat subsequently cynically declared that the “Armenian Question” no longer existed, since there were no more Armenians, and that he had done more in three months to resolve the “Armenian Question” than Sultan Abdul Hamid had done in 30 years of his reign. .

Kurdish tribes also actively participated in the extermination of the Armenian population, trying to seize Armenian territories and plunder the property of the Armenians. The German government and command are also responsible for the Armenian genocide. Many German officers commanded Turkish units that took part in the genocide. The Entente powers are also to blame for what happened. They did nothing to stop the mass extermination of the Armenian population by the Young Turk authorities.

During the genocide, more than 2 thousand Armenian villages, the same number of churches and monasteries, and Armenian neighborhoods in more than 60 cities were destroyed. The Young Turk government appropriated the valuables and deposits plundered from the Armenian population.

After the Genocide of 1915, there was practically no Armenian population left in Western Armenia.

§ 6. Culture of Armenia at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries

Before the Genocide of 1915, Armenian culture experienced significant growth. This was associated with the rise of the liberation movement, the awakening of national self-awareness, and the development of capitalist relations both in Armenia itself and in those countries where a significant number of the Armenian population lived compactly. The division of Armenia into two parts - Western and Eastern - was reflected in the development of two independent directions in Armenian culture: Western Armenian and Eastern Armenian. The major centers of Armenian culture were Moscow, St. Petersburg, Tiflis, Baku, Constantinople, Izmir, Venice, Paris and other cities, where a significant part of the Armenian intelligentsia was concentrated.

Armenian educational institutions made a huge contribution to the development of Armenian culture. In Eastern Armenia, in the urban centers of Transcaucasia and the North Caucasus and in some cities of Russia (Rostov-on-Don, Astrakhan) at the beginning of the 20th century, there were about 300 Armenian schools, male and female gymnasiums. In some rural areas there were primary schools where they taught reading, writing and arithmetic, as well as the Russian language.

About 400 Armenian schools different levels operated in the cities of Western Armenia and major cities Ottoman Empire. Armenian schools did not receive any state subsidies either in the Russian Empire, much less in Ottoman Turkey. These schools existed thanks to the material support of the Armenian Apostolic Church, various public organizations and individual philanthropists. The most famous among Armenian educational institutions were the Nersisyan school in Tiflis, the Gevorkian theological seminary in Etchmiadzin, the Murad-Raphaelian school in Venice and the Lazarus Institute in Moscow.

The development of education greatly contributed to the further development of Armenian periodicals. At the beginning of the 20th century, about 300 Armenian newspapers and magazines of various political trends were published. Some of them were published by Armenian national parties, such as: “Droshak”, “Hnchak”, “Proletariat”, etc. In addition, newspapers and magazines of socio-political and cultural orientation were published.

The main centers of Armenian periodicals at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries were Constantinople and Tiflis. The most popular newspapers published in Tiflis were the newspaper “Mshak” (ed. G. Artsruni), the magazine “Murch” (ed. Av. Arashanyants), in Constantinople - the newspaper “Megu” (ed. Harutyun Svachyan), the newspaper “Masis” (ed. Karapet Utujyan). Stepanos Nazaryants published the magazine “Hysisapail” (Northern Lights) in Moscow.

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, Armenian literature experienced rapid flowering. A galaxy of talented poets and novelists appeared in both Eastern and Western Armenia. The main motives of their creativity were patriotism and the dream of seeing their homeland united and free. It is no coincidence that many of the Armenian writers in their work turned to the heroic pages of the rich Armenian history, as an example for inspiration in the struggle for the unification and independence of the country. Thanks to their creativity, two independent literary language: Eastern Armenian and Western Armenian. Poets Rafael Patkanyan, Hovhannes Hovhannisyan, Vahan Teryan, prose poets Avetik Isahakyan, Ghazaros Aghayan, Perch Proshyan, playwright Gabriel Sundukyan, novelists Nardos, Muratsan and others wrote in Eastern Armenian. Poets Petros Duryan, Misak Metsarents, Siamanto, Daniel Varudan, poet, prose writer and playwright Levon Shant, short story writer Grigor Zokhrap, great satirist Hakob Paronyan and others wrote their works in Western Armenian.

An indelible mark on Armenian literature of this period was left by the prose poet Hovhannes Tumanyan and the novelist Raffi.

In his work, O. Tumanyan reworked many folk legends and traditions, sang national traditions, life and customs of the people. His most famous works are the poems “Anush”, “Maro”, the legends “Akhtmar”, “The Fall of Tmkaberd” and others.

Raffi is known as the author of the historical novels “Samvel”, “Jalaladdin”, “Hent” and others. His novel “Kaytser” (Sparks) enjoyed great success among his contemporaries, where the call was clearly heard for the Armenian people to stand up in the fight for the liberation of their homeland, not really hoping for help from powers.

The social sciences have made significant progress. Professor of the Lazarev Institute Mkrtich Emin published ancient Armenian sources in Russian translation. These same sources in French translation were published in Paris at the expense of the famous Armenian philanthropist, Prime Minister of Egypt Nubar Pasha. A member of the Mkhitarist congregation, Father Ghevond Alishan, wrote major works on the history of Armenia, gave a detailed list and description of the surviving historical monuments, many of which were subsequently destroyed. Grigor Khalatyan was the first to publish a complete history of Armenia in Russian. Garegin Srvandztyan, traveling through the regions of Western and Eastern Armenia, collected enormous treasures of Armenian folklore. He has the honor of discovering the recording and the first edition of the text of the Armenian medieval epic “Sasuntsi David”. The famous scientist Manuk Abeghyan conducted research in the field of folklore and ancient Armenian literature. The famous philologist and linguist Hrachya Acharyan studied the vocabulary of the Armenian language and made comparisons and comparisons of the Armenian language with other Indo-European languages.

The famous historian Nikolai Adonts in 1909, wrote and published in Russian a study on the history of medieval Armenia and Armenian-Byzantine relations. His major work, “Armenia in the Age of Justinian,” published in 1909, has not lost its significance to this day. The famous historian and philologist Leo (Arakel Babakhanyan) wrote works on various issues of Armenian history and literature, and also collected and published documents related to the “Armenian Question”.

Armenian musical art developed. Creativity of folk gusans on new heights raised gusan Jivani, gusan Sheram and others. Armenian composers who received classical education appeared on the stage. Tigran Chukhajyan wrote the first Armenian opera “Arshak the Second”. Composer Armen Tigranyan wrote the opera “Anush” on the theme of the poem of the same name by Hovhannes Tumanyan. The famous composer, musicologist Komitas initiated the scientific study of folk musical folklore, recorded the music and words of 3 thousand folk songs. Komitas gave concerts and lectures in many European countries, introducing Europeans to the original Armenian folk musical art.

The end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries were also marked by the further development of Armenian painting. The famous painter was the famous marine painter Hovhannes Aivazovsky (1817-1900). He lived and worked in Feodosia (in Crimea), and most of his works are devoted to marine themes. His most famous paintings are “The Ninth Wave”, “Noah Descends from Mount Ararat”, “Lake Sevan”, “Massacre of Armenians in Trapizon in 1895” and etc.

Outstanding painters were Gevorg Bashinjagyan, Panos Terlemezyan, Vardges Surenyants.

Vardges Surenyants, in addition to easel painting, was also engaged in mural painting, painted many Armenian churches in different cities of Russia. His most famous paintings are “Shamiram and Ara the Beautiful” and “Salome”. A copy of his painting “The Armenian Madonna” today adorns the new cathedral in Yerevan. Forward

The Armenian genocide was the physical destruction of the Christian ethnic Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire that occurred between the spring of 1915 and the fall of 1916. About 1.5 million Armenians lived in the Ottoman Empire. At least 664 thousand people died during the genocide. There are suggestions that the death toll could reach 1.2 million people. Armenians call these events "Metz Egern"("Great Crime") or "Aghet"("Catastrophe").

The mass extermination of Armenians gave impetus to the origin of the term "genocide" and its codification in international law. Lawyer Raphael Lemkin, the coiner of the term “genocide” and the thought leader of the United Nations (UN) program to combat genocide, has repeatedly stated that his youthful impressions of newspaper articles about the crimes of the Ottoman Empire against Armenians formed the basis of his beliefs in the need for legal protection national groups. Thanks in part to Lemkin's tireless efforts, the United Nations approved the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide in 1948.

Most of the killings of 1915-1916 were carried out by Ottoman authorities with the support of auxiliary troops and civilians. The government, controlled by the Union and Progress political party (also called the Young Turks), aimed to strengthen Muslim Turkish rule in Eastern Anatolia by eliminating the large Armenian population in the region.

Beginning in 1915–16, Ottoman authorities carried out large-scale mass executions; Armenians also died during mass deportations due to hunger, dehydration, lack of shelter and disease. In addition, tens of thousands of Armenian children were forcibly taken from their families and converted to Islam.

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

Armenian Christians were one of the many significant ethnic groups of the Ottoman Empire. In the late 1880s, some Armenians created political organizations, who sought greater autonomy, which increased the doubts of the Ottoman authorities about the loyalty of large sections of the Armenian population living in the country.

On October 17, 1895, Armenian revolutionaries seized the National Bank in Constantinople, threatening to blow it up along with more than 100 hostages in the bank building if the authorities refused to grant regional autonomy to the Armenian community. Although the incident ended peacefully thanks to French intervention, the Ottoman authorities carried out a series of pogroms.

In total, at least 80 thousand Armenians were killed in 1894-1896.

THE YOUNG TURKISH REVOLUTION

In July 1908, a faction that called itself the Young Turks seized power in the Ottoman capital of Constantinople. The Young Turks were predominantly officers and officials of Balkan origin who came to power in 1906 in a secret society known as Unity and Progress and transformed it into a political movement.

The Young Turks sought to introduce a liberal constitutional regime, not related to religion, which would put equal conditions all nationalities. The Young Turks believed that non-Muslims would integrate into the Turkish nation if they were confident that such policies would lead to modernization and prosperity.

At first it seemed that the new government would be able to eliminate some of the causes of social discontent in the Armenian community. But in the spring of 1909, Armenian demonstrations demanding autonomy turned violent. In the city of Adana and its environs, 20 thousand Armenians were killed by Ottoman army soldiers, irregular troops and civilians; Up to 2 thousand Muslims died at the hands of the Armenians.

Between 1909 and 1913, activists in the Union and Progress movement became increasingly inclined toward a strongly nationalistic vision of the future of the Ottoman Empire. They rejected the idea of ​​a multi-ethnic “Ottoman” state and sought to create a culturally and ethnically homogeneous Turkish society. The large Armenian population of Eastern Anatolia was a demographic obstacle to achieving this goal. After several years of political upheaval, on November 23, 1913, as a result of a coup d'etat, the leaders of the Union and Progress Party received dictatorial power.

WORLD WAR I

Mass atrocities and genocide often occur during times of war. The extermination of the Armenians was closely interconnected with the events of the First World War in the Middle East and the Russian territory of the Caucasus. The Ottoman Empire officially entered the war in November 1914 on the side of the Central Powers (Germany and Austria-Hungary), which fought against the Entente countries (Great Britain, France, Russia and Serbia).

On April 24, 1915, fearing the landing of Allied troops on the strategically important Gallipoli Peninsula, the Ottoman authorities arrested 240 Armenian leaders in Constantinople and deported them to the east. Today, Armenians consider this operation the beginning of genocide. The Ottoman authorities claimed that the Armenian revolutionaries had established contact with the enemy and were going to facilitate the landing of French and British troops. When the Entente countries, as well as the United States, which at that time still remained neutral, demanded an explanation from the Ottoman Empire in connection with the deportation of the Armenians, it called its actions precautionary measures.

Beginning in May 1915, the government expanded the scale of deportations, sending the Armenian civilian population, regardless of the distance of their residence from the war zones, to camps located in the desert southern provinces of the empire [in the north and east of modern Syria, northern Saudi Arabia and Iraq] . Many escorted groups were sent south from the six provinces of Eastern Anatolia with a high proportion of Armenian population - from Trabzon, Erzurum, Bitlis, Van, Diyarbakir, Mamuret-ul-Aziz, as well as from the province of Marash. Subsequently, Armenians were expelled from almost all regions of the empire.

Since the Ottoman Empire was an ally of Germany during the war, many German officers, diplomats and aid workers witnessed atrocities committed against the Armenian population. Their reaction varied: from horror and filing official protests to isolated cases of tacit support for the actions of the Ottoman authorities. The generation of Germans who lived through the First World War had memories of these terrible events in the 1930s and 1940s, which influenced their perception of the Nazi persecution of Jews.

MASS MURDER AND DEPORTATIONS

Obeying orders from the central government in Constantinople, regional authorities, with the complicity of the local civilian population, carried out mass executions and deportations. Military and security officials, as well as their supporters, killed the majority of Armenian men of working age, as well as thousands of women and children.

During escorted crossings through the desert, surviving elderly people, women and children were subjected to unauthorized attacks by local authorities, bands of nomads, criminal gangs and civilians. These attacks included robberies (for example, stripping victims naked, stripping them of their clothing, and subjecting them to body cavity searches for valuables), rape, abductions of young women and girls, extortion, torture, and murder.

Hundreds of thousands of Armenians died without reaching the designated camp. Many of them were killed or kidnapped, others committed suicide, and a huge number of Armenians died from hunger, dehydration, lack of shelter or disease along the way. While some residents of the country sought to help the expelled Armenians, many more ordinary citizens killed or tortured those being escorted.

CENTRALIZED ORDERS

Although the term "genocide" appeared only in 1944, most scientists agree that massacres Armenians meet the definition of genocide. The government, controlled by the Union and Progress Party, took advantage of the national martial law to implement a long-term demographic policy aimed at increasing the share of the Turkish Muslim population in Anatolia by reducing the size of the Christian population (mainly Armenians, but also Christian Assyrians). Ottoman, Armenian, American, British, French, German and Austrian documents from the time indicate that the leadership of the Union and Progress Party deliberately exterminated the Armenian population of Anatolia.

The Union and Progress Party issued orders from Constantinople and ensured their execution with the help of its agents in the Special Organization and local administrative bodies. In addition, the central government required careful monitoring and collection of data on the number of Armenians deported, the type and number of housing units they left behind, and the number of deported citizens admitted to the camps.

The initiative for certain actions came from the senior members of the leadership of the Unity and Progress party, and they also coordinated the actions. The central figures of this operation were Talaat Pasha (Minister of the Interior), Ismail Enver Pasha (Minister of War), Behaeddin Shakir (Head of the Special Organization) and Mehmet Nazim (Head of the Population Planning Service).

According to government regulations, in certain regions the share of the Armenian population should not exceed 10% (in some regions - no more than 2%), Armenians could live in settlements that included no more than 50 families, as far away as from the Baghdad railway, and from each other. To fulfill these demands, local authorities carried out deportations of the population over and over again. The Armenians crossed the desert back and forth without the necessary clothing, food and water, suffering from the scorching sun during the day and freezing from the cold at night. The deported Armenians were regularly attacked by nomads and their own guards. As a result, under the influence of natural factors and targeted extermination, the number of deported Armenians decreased significantly and began to meet the established standards.

MOTIVES

The Ottoman regime pursued the goals of strengthening the country's military position and financing the "Turkification" of Anatolia by confiscating the property of killed or deported Armenians. The possibility of redistribution of property also stimulated the broad masses ordinary people to participate in attacks on their neighbors. Many residents of the Ottoman Empire considered Armenians to be wealthy people, but in fact, a significant part of the Armenian population lived poorly.

In some cases, the Ottoman authorities agreed to grant Armenians the right to reside in their former territories, subject to their acceptance of Islam. While thousands of Armenian children died due to the fault of the authorities of the Ottoman Empire, they often tried to convert children to Islam and assimilate them into Muslim, primarily Turkish, society. Generally, the Ottoman authorities avoided carrying out mass deportations from Istanbul and Izmir in order to hide their crimes from the eyes of foreigners and to benefit economically from the activities of the Armenians living in these cities in order to modernize the empire.

About crimes and information war after 102 years

Isabella Muradyan

In these beautiful spring days, when nature awakens and blossoms, in the heart of every Armenian, young or adult, there is a place that will no longer bloom... All Armenians, not excluding those whose ancestors did not suffer during a series of Genocides perpetrated by the Turks and their patrons in 1895-1896. , 1909, 1915-1923 carry this pain within themselves...

And everyone is tormented by the question - why, why, why...?! Despite the fact that so little and so much time has passed at the same time, most of the Armenians, and not only others, have little idea of ​​the answers to these questions.

This is happening because since the end of the 19th century a large-scale information war has been waged against Armenians - and the majority of the Armenian elite of the Republic of Armenia and the Diaspora does not understand this.

The sacred duty of every Armenian parent, especially the mother, in the name of love and in the name of the life given by her, is not only to provide the child with normal conditions for growth and development, to provide knowledge about the terrible danger that can find him everywhere, its name is the Unpunished Armenian Genocide...

Within the framework of this article, I will only have the opportunity to lift the veil on this issue and awaken your desire to learn more...

Feral Wolf Effect

In order to better understand the problems of the peoples living under the Turkish yoke, one should take a closer look at the Turks themselves and their legislation and customs. These nomadic tribes came to our region around the 11th century, following their herds during the terrible drought that reigned in Altai and the Volga steppes, but this was not their homeland. The Turks themselves and most scientists in the world consider the steppes and semi-deserts that are part of China to be the ancestral homeland of the Turks. Today this is the Xinjiang Uyghur region of China.

Worth mentioning is the well-known legend about the origin of the Turks, which is told by the TURKIC scientists THEMSELVES. A certain young boy survived after an enemy raid on his village in the steppe. But they cut off his arms and legs and left him to die. The boy was found and nursed by a wild wolf.

Then, having matured, he copulated with the she-wolf who fed him, and from their connection eleven children were born, who formed the BASIS OF THE ELITE OF THE TURKIC TRIBES (the Ashina clan).

If you visit the ancestral homeland of the Turks at least once - in the Xinjiang-Uyghur region of China and encounter en masse the Uyghurs - a relatively pure form of the Turks, see their way of life and everyday life, you will immediately understand a lot - and most importantly, that the Turkic legends were right... Already For a couple of centuries, the Chinese have been trying to ennoble the Uyghurs with a firm hand (they train them, build modern houses, create infrastructure, give them the latest technologies, etc./. However, even today the relations between the Chinese and the Uyghurs are quite ambiguous, based on the support of the “brotherly Turkish government.” Turkey officially funds terrorist Uyghur organizations that advocate secession from the PRC and organize numerous terrorist attacks in China. One of the brutal ones was in 2011, when in Kashgar, Uyghur terrorists first threw an explosive device into a restaurant, and then began to finish off the fleeing customers with knives... As a rule, in all terrorist attacks, the majority of the victims are Han (ethnic Chinese).

The centuries-old processes of abduction and mixing of Turks determined their external distance from their Uyghur relatives, but as you can see, their essence is one. Despite today's deceptive external resemblance of the Turks / inc. Azeri-Turks / with the peoples of our region it does not change, which is dispassionately evidenced by the terrible statistics of their inhuman crimes against the Armenians (Greeks, Assyrians, Slavs, etc.), in 1895-96, in 1905 or 1909, in 1915- 1923, 1988 or 2016 / slaughtered family of Armenian elders and abuse of the corpses of Armenian soldiers, 4-day war /…

One of the reasons is our lack of understanding of the Turkish essence. It’s interesting, but being very practical people in everyday life and business, Armenians become “incorrigible romantics” (the words of the father of Zionism T. Herzel) in politics and operate in advance with categories that are failed from the very beginning. Instead of distancing themselves from the feral “wolf” or trying to isolate/destroy it, the majority tries to “establish cooperation”, “induce feelings of guilt”, “get offended” or seek mediators for negotiations.” Needless to say, at any opportunity this “wolf” will try to deal with you - a favorite Turkish proverb even today is “if you can’t cut off an outstretched hand, kiss it while you can...”. Let’s also imagine that a feral wolf has partial human thinking and is aware that he lives on land stolen from you, in a house stolen from you, eats fruits stolen from you, sells valuables stolen from you... It’s not that he’s bad, it’s just different - a completely different subspecies, and that’s your problem since you don’t understand it...

Another very important aspect is The causes of the Armenian Genocide should be sought primarily in the geopolitical and economic planes.

There is a huge amount of archival documents, historical, scientific and other literature on the topic of the causes of the Armenian Genocide in Ottoman Turkey, but even the broad masses of the Armenian people and their elite (including the Diaspora) are still captive of a number of misconceptions specifically carried out by Turkish propaganda and its patrons - and this a significant part of the information war against Armenians.

I'll bring you 5 of the most common misconceptions:

The genocide was a consequence of the First World War;

Mass deportations of the Armenian population were carried out from the Eastern front zone into the depths of the Ottoman Empire and were caused by military expediency so that the Armenians would not help the enemy (mainly the Russians);

Numerous casualties among the Armenian civilian population of the Ottoman Empire were random and not organized;

The basis of the Armenian Genocide was religious difference between Armenians and Turks - i.e. there was a conflict between Christians and Muslims;

The Armenians lived well with the Turks as subjects of the Ottoman Empire and only Western countries and Russia, with their intervention, destroyed the friendly relations of the two peoples - Armenian and Turkish.

Giving a brief analysis, we immediately note that none of these statements has any serious basis. This a well-thought-out information war that has been going on for decades.

It is designed to hide the true causes of the Armenian Genocide, which lie on the economic and geopolitical planes and are not limited to the 1915 Genocide. There was precisely a desire to physically destroy the Armenians, take away their material wealth and territory, and so that nothing would interfere with the creation of a new pan-Turkic empire led by Turkey - from Europe (Albania) to China (Xinjiang province).

Exactly pan-Turkic component and the economic defeat of the Armenians(and then the Pontic Greeks) were one of the main ideas of the Genocide of 1909, 1915-1923, carried out by the Young Turks.

(The planned pan-Turkic empire is marked in red on the map, its further advancement is marked in pink). And today a small part of our homeland, the Republic of Armenia (about 7% of the original, see map of the Armenian Highlands) cuts the supposed empire like a narrow wedge.

MYTH 1st. The 1915 genocide was a consequence of the First World War.

It's a lie. The decision to exterminate the Armenians has been discussed in certain political circles in Turkey (and especially the Young Turks) since the end of the 19th century, especially intensely since 1905, when there was no talk of the First World War. With the participation and support of Turkish emissaries to Transcaucasia in 1905. The first Turkic/Tatar-Armenian clashes and pogroms of Armenians were prepared and carried out in Baku, Shushi, Nakhichevan, Erivan, Goris, Elisavetpol. After the suppression of the Turkic/Tatar rebellion by the tsarist troops, the instigators fled to Turkey and joined the central committee of the Young Turks (Ahmed Agayev, Alimardan-bek Topchibashev, etc.) In total, there were from 3,000 to 10,000 people killed.

As a result of the pogroms, thousands of workers lost their jobs and livelihoods. The Caspian, Caucasian, “Petrov”, Balakhanskaya and other Armenian-owned oil companies, warehouses, and the Beckendorf Theater were burned. The damage of the pogroms reached about 25 million rubles - about 774,235,000 US dollars today (the gold content of 1 ruble was 0.774235 grams of pure gold) the Armenian campaigns especially suffered, since the fires were directed specifically against the Armenians (for comparison, a month average earnings worker in 1905 in the Russian Empire was 17 rubles 125 kopecks, beef shoulder 1 kg - 45 kopecks, fresh milk 1 liter - 14 kopecks, premium wheat flour 1 kilogram - 24 kopecks, etc.

We should not forget the Armenian Genocide, provoked by the Young Turks in 1909. in Adana, Marash, Kessab (massacre on the territory of the former Armenian kingdom-Cilicia, Ottoman Turkey). 30,000 Armenians were killed. The total damage inflicted on the Armenians was about 20 million Turkish lira. 24 churches, 16 schools, 232 houses, 30 hotels, 2 factories, 1,429 summer houses, 253 farms, 523 shops, 23 mills and many other objects were burned.

For comparison, the Ottoman debt to creditors after the First World War under the Treaty of Sèvres was fixed at 143 million golden Turkish lira.

So The First World War was for the Young Turks only a screen and decoration for the well-thought-out and prepared extermination of Armenians in their area of ​​​​residence - on the historical land of Armenia...

MYTH 2nd. Mass deportations of the Armenian population were carried out from the Eastern front zone into the depths of the Ottoman Empire and were caused by military expediency so that the Armenians would not help the enemy (mainly the Russians). It's a lie. The Ottoman Armenians did not help their enemies - and the same Russians. Yes, in Russian army in 1914 there were Armenians from among the subjects of the Russian Empire - 250 thousand people, many were mobilized into the war and fought on the fronts, incl. against Turkey. However, also on the Turkish side, according to official data, there were Ottoman subjects Armenians - about 170 thousand (according to some sources about 300 thousand) who fought as part of the Turkish troops (whom the Turks drafted into their army and then killed). The very fact of the participation of Armenian subjects of the Russian Empire did not make the Ottoman Armenians traitors, as some Turkish historians are trying to prove. On the contrary, when Turkish troops under the command of Enver Pasha (Minister of War), after an attack on the Russian Empire, were repulsed and suffered a severe defeat near Sarikamish in January 1915, it was the Ottoman Armenians who helped Enver Pasha escape.

The thesis about the deportation of Armenians from the front-line zone is also false since the first deportations of Armenians were carried out not on the eastern front, but from the center of the empire - from Cilicia and AnatoliaVSyria. And in all cases, the deportees were doomed to death in advance.

MYTH 3rd. Numerous casualties among the Armenian civilian population of the Ottoman Empire were random and not organized. Another LIE - a single mechanism for the arrest and murder of Armenian men, and then the deportation of women and children under gendarme escort and the organized extermination of Armenians throughout the empire directly indicate the state structure in the organization of the Genocide. The murder of Armenian subjects drafted into the Ottoman army, regulations, numerous testimonies, including from the Turks themselves, indicate the personal participation of Turkish government officials of various ranks in the Armenian Genocide.

This is evidenced by the inhumane experiments carried out on Armenians (including women and children) in state institutions of the Ottoman Empire. These and many other facts of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 ORGANIZED BY THE TURKISH AUTHORITIES. revealedTurkish military tribunal 1919-1920And many still do not know that one of the first countries to recognize the Armenian Genocide, after the endThe First World War was TURKEY. Among the general cruelty and savagery, the methods of extermination of Armenians by TURKISH OFFICIALS in 1915, which subsequently were only partially used by the fascist executioners in the Second World War and recognized as crimes against humanity. For the first time in the history of the 20th century and on a similar scale, it was To was applied to the Armeniansso-called lower“biological status” .

According to the indictment announced on Turkish military tribunal, the deportations were not dictated by military necessity or disciplinary reasons, but were intended central committee the Young Turks Ittihad, and their consequences were felt in every corner of the Ottoman Empire. By the way, the Young Turk regime was one of the successful “color revolutions” of that time; there were other projects that were not successful - the Young Italians, the Young Czechs, the Young Bosnians, the Young Serbs, etc.

In evidence Turkish military tribunal 1919-1920. mostly relied on documents, and not for testimony. The Tribunal considered the fact of the organized murder of Armenians by the leaders of Ittihat (Turkish) to be proven. taktil cinayeti) and found Enver, Cemal, Talaat and Dr. Nazim, who were absent from the trial, guilty. They were sentenced to death by the tribunal. By the beginning of the tribunal, the main leaders of Ittihat - denme Talaat, Enver, Jemal, Shakir, Nazim, Bedri and Azmi - fled with the help of the British outside Turkey.

The killings of Armenians were accompanied by robberies and thefts. For example, Asent Mustafa and the governor of Trebizond, Cemal Azmi, embezzled Armenian jewelry worth from 300,000 to 400,000 Turkish gold pounds (at that time about $1,500,000, with the average salary of a worker in the United States during this period being about $45.5 per month). The American consul in Aleppo reported to Washington that a “giant plunder scheme” was operating in Turkey. The Consul in Trebizond reported that he daily observed how "a crowd of Turkish women and children followed the police like vultures and seized everything they could carry," and that the house of Commissioner Ittihat in Trebizond was full of gold and jewelry, which constituted his share of the plunder, and etc.

MYTH 4th. The basis of the Armenian Genocide was the religious difference between Armenians and Turks - i.e. there was a conflict between Christians and Muslims. And this is also a LIE. During the Genocide of 1915 were exterminated and robbed not only Christian Armenians, but also Muslim Armenians who converted to Islam from the 16th to 18th centuries - Hamshenians (Hemshils). During the Genocide of 1915-1923. Armenians were not allowed to change their religion, many agreed to this just to save their loved ones - Talaat's directive “On a change of faith” dated December 17, 1915 directly insisted on the deportation and actual murder of Armenians, REGARDLESS OF THEIR FAITH. And we should not forget that the difference in religion did not become an obstacle and the bulk of Christian Armenian refugees found shelter and conditions for organizing a new life EXACTLY IN NEIGHBORING MUSLIM COUNTRIES . So, the factor of Islamo-Christian confrontation was only a background/cover.

MYTH 5th. The Armenians lived well with the Turks as subjects of the Ottoman Empire, and only Western countries and Russia, through their intervention, destroyed the friendly relations of the two peoples - the Armenian and Turkish. This statement can be considered the apotheosis of lies and a visual aid of information propaganda, since the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire, not being Muslims, were considered second-class subjects - dhimmis (submissive to Islam), and were subject to many restrictions:

- Armenians were forbidden to carry weapons and ride horses(On horse);

- murder of a Muslim - incl. in self-defense and protection of loved ones - punishable by death;

- Armenians paid higher taxes, and in addition to the official ones, they were also subject to taxes from various local Muslim tribes;

- Armenians could not inherit real estate(for them there was only lifetime use, heirs had to get permission again for the right to use property),

- Armenians' testimony was not accepted in court;

In a number of areas Armenians were forbidden to speak their native language under pain of having their tongues cut out(for example, the city of Kutia is the birthplace of Komitas and the reason for his ignorance of his native language in childhood);

- Armenians had to give part of their children to the harem and to the Janissaries;

- Armenian women and children were constantly targets of violence, kidnappings and the slave trade and much more…

For comparison: Armenians in the Russian Empire. They were equal in rights to Russian subjects, including the possibility of entering the service, representation in noble assemblies, etc. In serf Russia, serfdom did not apply to them, and Armenian settlers, regardless of class, were allowed to freely leave the Russian Empire. Among the benefits provided to Armenians was the establishment of an Armenian court in 1746. and the right to use the Armenian code of law in Russia, permission to have their own Magistrates, i.e. granting full self-government. The Armenians were freed for ten years (or forever, like, for example, the Grigoriopol Armenians) from all duties, billets, and recruitment. They were given sums without repayment for the construction of urban settlements - houses, churches, magistrates' buildings, gymnasiums, installation of water pipes, baths and coffee houses (!). Saving fiscal legislation was implemented: “after 10 preferential years have passed, pay them to the treasury from merchant capital 1% of the ruble, from guilds and burghers 2 rubles per year from each yard, from villagers 10 kopecks. for a tithe." See Decree of Empress Catherine II of October 12, 1794.

During the organization of the Armenian Genocide in 1915, at the beginning of 1914-1915. the government of the Young Turks declared war on the infidels - jihad, organizing in mosques and in public places numerous gatherings at which Muslims were called to kill ALL Armenians as spies and saboteurs. According to Muslim law, the property of the enemy is a trophy for the first one who kills him. Thus, murders and robberies were carried out everywhere, because after the mass declaration of Armenians as enemies, this was considered a LEGAL and financially ENCOURAGED act. A fifth of the loot from the Armenians OFFICIALLY went to the Young Turks’ party treasury.

The speed and scale of the 1915 Genocide carried out by the Young Turks is terrifying. Within a year, about 80% of the Armenians living in the Ottoman Empire were exterminated - in 1915. About 1,500,000 Armenians were killed as of today, in 2017. The Armenian community in Turkey is about 70,000 Christian Armenians, there are also Islamized Armenians - the number is unknown.

Geopolitical and legal aspects of the Armenian Genocide

IN 1879 Ottoman Türkiye officially declared itself BANKRUPT- the size of Turkey’s external debt was considered astronomical and reached a nominal value of 5.3 billion francs in gold. Central State Bank of Turkey "Imperial Ottoman Bank" was a concession enterprise established in 1856. and was sentenced to 80 years English and French financiers (including those from the Rothschild clan) . Under the terms of the concession, the Bank serviced all operations related to the accounting of financial revenues to the state treasury. The bank had the exclusive right to issue banknotes (i.e., issue Turkish money) valid throughout the Ottoman Empire.

Let us note that it was in this bank that the valuables and funds of the majority of Armenians were kept, which were then confiscated from ALL of them AND WERE NOT RETURNED TO ANYONE, and so did branches of foreign banks.

Map of murders and pogroms of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire for 1915.

Türkiye quickly sold off its existing assets, includinggave concessions to foreign companies(mainly Western) land, rights to build and operate large infrastructures ( Railway), field development, etc. This is an important detail; in the future, the new owners were not interested in changing the status of the territories and their loss to Turkey.

Map of mineral resources of Western Armenia /Türkiye today/.

For reference: The territory of Western Armenia is rich in various useful things, incl. ore minerals: iron, lead, zinc, manganese, mercury, antimony, molybdenum, etc. There are rich deposits of copper, tungsten, etc.

Living in their historical homeland, the Armenians and Pontic Greeks also participated in economic legal relations within the empire - especially after a series of internal Turkish reforms (1856, 1869), which took place under pressure from the Western powers (France, Great Britain) and Russia and were significant part financial and industrial elite of Turkey.

Having centuries-old corresponding civilizational potential and powerful connections with compatriots from outside, including the possibility of attracting (turnover) national capital, the Armenians and Greeks represented serious competition and therefore were exterminated by the Young Turks of the Denme.

Legal levers that the Young Turks operated during the deportation and the Armenian Genocide of 1915. (the most important acts).

1. The totality of a number of aspects of Ottoman Muslim law that legitimized the seizure of the property of Armenians by virtue of declaring them en masse as “Western and Russian spies.” An important step in this direction was the declaration of a holy war - jihad with infidels from the Entente countries and their allies on November 11, 1914. The seized property of the Armenians/"harbi", according to the legal custom established and applied in Turkey, passed to the murderers. By order of the Young Turks, a fifth of it was officially transferred to their party treasury.

2. Decisions of the congresses of the party “Unity and Progress” 1910-1915. ( The extermination of Armenians has been considered since 1905. ), incl. Secret decision of the “Unity and Progress” committee at the congress in Thessaloniki on the Turkification of non-Turkish peoples of the empire. The final decision to implement the Armenian Genocide was made at a secret meeting of the Ittihadists on February 26, 1915. with the participation of 75 people.

3. Decision on special education. organ - executive committee of three, consisting of the Young Turks-Denme Nazim, Shakir and Shukri, October 1914, who was supposed to be responsible for organizational issues of the extermination of the Armenians. The organization of special detachments of criminals, “Teshkilat-i Makhsuse” (Special Organization), to assist the Executive Committee of the Three, numbered up to 34,000 members and largely consisted of “chettes” - criminals released from prison.

4. Order of War Minister Enver in February 1915 on the extermination of Armenians serving in the Turkish army.

7. Temporary Law “On the Disposal of Property” of September 26, 1915 Eleven articles of this law regulated issues related to the disposal of the property of deportees, their loans and assets.

8. Order of the Minister of Internal Affairs Talaat dated September 16, 1915 on the extermination of Armenian children in orphanages. In the initial period of the 1915 Genocide, some Turks began to officially adopt Armenian orphans, but the Young Turks saw this as a “loophole to save the Armenians” and a secret order was issued. In it, Talaat wrote: “gather all the Armenian children, ... remove them under the pretext that the deportation committee will take care of them, so that suspicion does not arise. Destroy them and report execution.”

9. Temporary Law “On Expropriation and Confiscation of Property”, dated October 13/16, 1915 Among the many glaring facts:

The unprecedented nature of the confiscation carried out by the Turkish Ministry of Finance, on the basis of this law, of bank deposits and jewelry of Armenians, which they deposited in the Ottoman Bank before deportation;

- official expropriation of money that was received by Armenians when selling their property to local Turks;

Attempts by the government, represented by the Minister of Internal Affairs Talaat, to receive compensation for the insurance policies of Armenians who insured their lives with foreign insurance companies, based on the fact that they had no heirs left and the Turkish government became their beneficiary.

10. Talaat’s directive “On a change of faith” dated December 17, 1915 etc. Many Armenians, trying to escape, agreed to change their religion; this directive insisted on their deportation and actual murder, regardless of their faith.

Losses from the Genocide for the period 1915-1919. / Paris Peace Conference, 1919 /

Losses of the Armenian people at the end of the 19th century. and the beginning of the 20th century, the culmination of which was the implementation of the 1915 Genocide. - cannot be calculated either by the number of killed or by fixed property damage - they are immeasurable. In addition to those brutally killed by enemies, tens of thousands of Armenians died daily from hunger, cold, epidemics, and stress etc., mostly helpless women, old people and children. Hundreds of thousands of women and children were Turkified and held captive by force, were sold into slavery, the number of refugees amounted to hundreds of thousands, plus tens of thousands of orphans and street children. The population mortality figures also speak of the catastrophic situation. In Yerevan, 20-25% of the population died in 1919 alone. According to expert estimates, for 1914-1919. the population of the current territory of Armenia decreased by 600,000 people, a small part of them emigrated, the rest died from disease and deprivation. There was massive looting and destruction of numerous valuables, incl. destruction of priceless treasures of the nation: manuscripts, books, architectural and other monuments of national and world significance. The unrealized potential of the destroyed generations, the loss of qualified personnel and the failure in their continuity, which sharply affected the overall level of development of the nation and the global niche it occupies to this day, are irreplaceable, and the list goes on...

Total from 1915-1919 1,800,000 Armenians were killed throughout Western Armenia and Cilicia, part of Eastern Armenia. 66 cities, 2,500 villages, 2,000 churches and monasteries, 1,500 schools, as well as ancient monuments, manuscripts, factories, etc. were plundered and devastated.

Incomplete (recognized) damage at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. amounted to 19,130,932,000 French gold francs, of which:

Let us recall that the size of the external debt of Ottoman Turkey was the largest among the countries of Eurasia and reached a nominal value of 5,300,000,000 French gold francs.

Turkey paid for it and has a lot today precisely due to the robbery and murder of Armenians on Armenian soil...

Since the Armenian Genocide remained an unpunished crime, which brought huge dividends to its organizers, ranging from material to moral and ideological - perpetuating their positive role in the formation of the Turkish state and the embodiment of the ideas of pan-Turkism, Armenians will always be a target.

It is the reluctance of the Turkish side to part with the loot and pay the bills of history that makes any negotiations on the issue of the Armenian genocide impossible.

Recognition of the Armenian Genocide of 1915 essential element state security of the Republic of Armenia, since impunity for the crime and too large dividends clearly lead to an attempt to REPEAT THE ARMENIAN GENOCIDE.

The increase in the number of countries that have recognized the Armenian genocide also increases the level of security of Armenia, since international recognition of this crime is a deterrent for Turkey and Azerbaijan.

We do not call for hatred, we call for UNDERSTANDING and ADEQUACY not only of Armenians, but also of all those who consider themselves cultured and civilized people. And even after more than 100 years, crimes against Armenians must be condemned, criminals punished, and what was obtained by criminal means returned to the owners (their loved ones) or the national to the successor state.This is the only way to stop new crimes, new genocide anywherepeace. In the dissemination of meaningful information and the consistent struggle to punish criminals, the salvation of our future generations - in the palms of mothers, look for the fate of nations...

Isabella Muradyan - migration lawyer (Yerevan), member of the Association international law, especially for

Genocide(from Greek genos - clan, tribe and Latin caedo - I kill), an international crime expressed in actions committed with the aim of destroying, in whole or in part, any national, ethnic, racial or religious group.

Actions qualified by the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide of 1948 as acts of Genocide have been committed repeatedly in human history since ancient times, especially during wars of extermination and devastating invasions and campaigns of conquerors, internal ethnic and religious clashes, during the period of partition peace and the formation of colonial empires of European powers, in the process of a fierce struggle for the redistribution of the divided world, which led to two world wars and in the colonial wars after the Second World War of 1939 - 1945.

However, the term "genocide" was first introduced into use in the early 30s. XX century by a Polish lawyer, a Jew by origin, Rafael Lemkin, and after the Second World War received international legal status as a concept defining the gravest crime against humanity. By Genocide, R Lemkin meant the massacre of Armenians in Turkey during the First World War (1914 - 1918), and then the extermination of Jews in Nazi Germany in the period preceding the Second World War, and in the Nazi-occupied countries of Europe during the war.

The first genocide of the 20th century is considered to be the extermination of more than 1.5 million Armenians during 1915 - 1923. in Western Armenia and other parts of the Ottoman Empire, organized and systematically carried out by the Young Turk rulers.

The Armenian Genocide should also include the massacres of the Armenian population in Eastern Armenia and the Transcaucasus as a whole, committed by the Turks who invaded Transcaucasia in 1918, and by the Kemalists during the aggression against the Armenian Republic in September - December 1920, as well as the pogroms of Armenians organized by the Musavatists in Baku and Shushi in 1918 and 1920 respectively. Taking into account those killed as a result of the periodic pogroms of Armenians carried out by the Turkish authorities, starting from late XIX c., the number of victims of the Armenian Genocide exceeds 2 million.

The Armenian Genocide 1915 - 1916 - mass extermination and deportation of the Armenian population of Western Armenia, Cilicia and other provinces of the Ottoman Empire, carried out by the ruling circles of Turkey during the First World War (1914 - 1918). The policy of genocide against the Armenians was determined by a number of factors.

The leading importance among them was the ideology of Pan-Islamism and Pan-Turkism, which from the middle of the 19th century. professed by the ruling circles of the Ottoman Empire. The militant ideology of pan-Islamism was characterized by intolerance towards non-Muslims, preached outright chauvinism, and called for the Turkification of all non-Turkish peoples. Entering the war, the Young Turk government of the Ottoman Empire made far-reaching plans for the creation of “Great Turan”. These plans meant the annexation of Transcaucasia, the North Caucasus, Crimea, the Volga region, and Central Asia to the empire.

On the way to this goal, the aggressors had to put an end to, first of all, the Armenian people, who opposed the aggressive plans of the Pan-Turkists. The Young Turks began to develop plans for the destruction of the Armenian population even before the start of the World War. The decisions of the Union and Progress party congress, held in October 1911 in Thessaloniki, contained a demand for the Turkification of the non-Turkish peoples of the empire.

At the beginning of 1914, a special order was sent to local authorities regarding the measures that were to be taken against the Armenians. The fact that the order was sent out before the start of the war irrefutably indicates that the extermination of the Armenians was a planned action, not at all determined by a specific military situation. The leadership of the Unity and Progress party has repeatedly discussed the issue of mass deportation and massacre of the Armenian population.

In October 1914, at a meeting chaired by the Minister of Internal Affairs Talaat, a special body was formed - the Executive Committee of Three, which was tasked with organizing the extermination of the Armenian population; it included the leaders of the Young Turks Nazim, Behaetdin Shakir and Shukri. When plotting a monstrous crime, the leaders of the Young Turks took into account that the war provided an opportunity to carry it out. Nazim directly stated that such an opportunity may no longer exist, “the intervention of the great powers and the protest of the newspapers will not have any consequences, since they will be faced with a fait accompli, and thereby the issue will be resolved... Our actions must be directed to exterminate the Armenians so that not a single one of them remains alive."

By undertaking the destruction of the Armenian population, the ruling circles of Turkey intended to achieve several goals:

• the elimination of the Armenian Question, which would put an end to the intervention of European powers;
• the Turks would get rid of economic competition, all the property of the Armenian people would pass into their hands;
• the elimination of the Armenian people will help pave the way for the conquest of the Caucasus, for the achievement of the great ideal of Turanism.

The executive committee of the three received broad powers, weapons, and money. The authorities organized special detachments “Teshkilati and Makhsuse”, consisting mainly of criminals released from prisons and other criminal elements, who were supposed to take part in the mass extermination of Armenians.

From the very first days of the war, rabid anti-Armenian propaganda unfolded in Turkey. The Turkish people were told that Armenians did not want to serve in the Turkish army, that they were ready to cooperate with the enemy. Fabrications were spread about the mass desertion of Armenians from the Turkish army, about uprisings of Armenians that threatened the rear of the Turkish troops, etc. Anti-Armenian propaganda especially intensified after the first serious defeats of the Turkish troops on the Caucasian front. In February 1915, Minister of War Enver gave the order to exterminate the Armenians serving in the Turkish army (at the beginning of the war, about 60 thousand Armenians aged 18-45 years were drafted into the Turkish army, i.e. the most combat-ready part of the male population). This order was carried out with unprecedented cruelty.

On the night of April 24, 1915, representatives of the Constantinople police department burst into the homes of the most prominent Armenians in the capital and arrested them. Over the next few days, eight hundred people - writers, poets, journalists, politicians, doctors, lawyers, lawyers, scientists, teachers, priests, educators, artists - were sent to the central prison.

Two months later, on June 15, 1915, 20 Armenian intellectuals, members of the Hunchak party, were executed in one of the squares of the capital, who were charged with trumped-up charges of organizing terror against the authorities and seeking to create an autonomous Armenia.

The same thing happened in all vilayets (regions): within a few days, thousands of people were arrested, including all famous cultural figures, politicians, and intellectuals. The deportation to the desert regions of the Empire was planned in advance. And this was a deliberate deception: as soon as people moved away from their homes, they were mercilessly killed by those who were supposed to accompany them and ensure their safety. The Armenians who worked in government bodies were fired one after another; all military doctors were thrown into prison.
The great powers were completely drawn into the global confrontation, and they put their geopolitical interests above the fate of two million Armenians...

From May - June 1915, mass deportation and massacre of the Armenian population of Western Armenia (vilayets of Van, Erzurum, Bitlis, Kharberd, Sebastia, Diyarbekir), Cilicia, Western Anatolia and other areas began. The ongoing deportation of the Armenian population in fact pursued the goal of its destruction. The US Ambassador to Turkey, G. Morgenthau, noted: “The true purpose of the deportations was robbery and destruction; this is truly a new method of massacre. When the Turkish authorities ordered these expulsions, they were actually passing a death sentence on an entire nation.”

The real goals of the deportation were also known to Germany, Turkey's ally. In June 1915, the German Ambassador to Turkey Wangenheim reported to his government that if at first the expulsion of the Armenian population was limited to provinces close to the Caucasian front, now the Turkish authorities extended these actions to those parts of the country that were not under threat of enemy invasion. These actions, the ambassador concluded, the ways in which the expulsion is carried out indicate that the Turkish government has as its goal the destruction of the Armenian nation in the Turkish state. The same assessment of the deportation was contained in messages from German consuls from the vilayets of Turkey. In July 1915, the German vice-consul in Samsun reported that the deportation carried out in the vilayets of Anatolia was aimed at either destroying or converting the entire Armenian people to Islam. The German consul in Trebizond at the same time reported on the deportation of Armenians in this vilayet and noted that the Young Turks intended to put an end to the Armenian Question in this way.

The Armenians who were removed from their places of permanent residence were brought into caravans that headed deep into the empire, to Mesopotamia and Syria, where special camps were created for them. Armenians were destroyed both in their places of residence and on the way to exile; their caravans were attacked by Turkish rabble, Kurdish bandits eager for prey. As a result, a small part of the deported Armenians reached their destinations. But even those who reached the deserts of Mesopotamia were not safe; There are known cases when deported Armenians were taken out of the camps and slaughtered by the thousands in the desert. The lack of basic sanitary conditions, hunger, and epidemics caused the death of hundreds of thousands of people.

The actions of the Turkish pogromists were characterized by unprecedented cruelty. The leaders of the Young Turks demanded this. Thus, the Minister of Internal Affairs Talaat, in a secret telegram sent to the governor of Aleppo, demanded an end to the existence of Armenians, not to pay any attention to age, gender, or remorse. This requirement was strictly fulfilled. Eyewitnesses of the events, Armenians who survived the horrors of deportation and genocide, left numerous descriptions of the incredible suffering that befell the Armenian population. A correspondent for the English newspaper The Times reported in September 1915: “From Sasun and Trebizond, from Ordu and Eintab, from Marash and Erzurum, the same reports of atrocities are coming in: of men mercilessly shot, crucified, mutilated or taken to labor battalions, about children kidnapped and forcibly converted to the Mohammedan faith, about women raped and sold into slavery deep behind the lines, shot on the spot or sent along with their children to the desert west of Mosul, where there is neither food nor water... Many of these unfortunate victims did not reach their destination..., and their corpses precisely indicated the path they followed."

In October 1916, the newspaper "Caucasian Word" published correspondence about the massacre of Armenians in the village of Baskan (Vardo Valley); the author cited an eyewitness account: “We saw how the unfortunates were first stripped of everything valuable; then they were stripped, and some were killed on the spot, while others were taken away from the road, into remote corners, and then finished off. We saw a group of three women , who embraced each other in mortal fear. And it was impossible to separate them, to separate them. All three were killed... The screams and wails were unimaginable, our hair stood on end, our blood froze in our veins..." Most of the Armenian population was also subjected to barbaric extermination Cilicia.

The massacre of Armenians continued in subsequent years. Thousands of Armenians were exterminated, driven to the southern regions of the Ottoman Empire and kept in the camps of Rasul Aina, Deir Zora, and others. The Young Turks sought to carry out the genocide of Armenians in Eastern Armenia, where, in addition to the local population, large numbers of refugees from Western Armenia accumulated. Having committed aggression against Transcaucasia in 1918, Turkish troops carried out pogroms and massacres of Armenians in many areas of Eastern Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Having occupied Baku in September 1918, Turkish invaders, together with Azerbaijani nationalists, organized a terrible massacre of the local Armenian population, killing 30 thousand people.

As a result of the Armenian genocide, carried out by the Young Turks in 1915 - 1916, more than 1.5 million people died, about 600 thousand Armenians became refugees; they scattered throughout many countries of the world, replenishing existing ones and forming new Armenian communities. An Armenian diaspora (“Spyurk” - Armenian) was formed.

As a result of the genocide, Western Armenia lost its original population. The leaders of the Young Turks did not hide their satisfaction at the successful implementation of the planned atrocity: German diplomats in Turkey reported to their government that already in August 1915, the Minister of Internal Affairs Talaat cynically declared that “actions against the Armenians have been largely carried out and the Armenian Question no longer exists.”

The relative ease with which the Turkish pogromists managed to carry out the genocide of the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire is partly explained by the unpreparedness of the Armenian population, as well as the Armenian political parties, for the impending threat of extermination. The actions of the pogromists were greatly facilitated by the mobilization of the most combat-ready part of the Armenian population - men - into the Turkish army, as well as the liquidation of the Armenian intelligentsia of Constantinople. A certain role was also played by the fact that in some public and clerical circles of Western Armenians they believed that disobedience to the Turkish authorities, who gave orders for deportation, could only lead to an increase in the number of victims.

The Armenian genocide carried out in Turkey caused enormous damage to the spiritual and material culture of the Armenian people. In 1915 - 1916 and subsequent years, thousands of Armenian manuscripts stored in Armenian monasteries were destroyed, hundreds of historical and architectural monuments were destroyed, and the shrines of the people were desecrated. The destruction of historical and architectural monuments in Turkey and the appropriation of many cultural values ​​of the Armenian people continue to this day. The tragedy experienced by the Armenian people affected all aspects of the life and social behavior of the Armenian people and firmly settled in their historical memory.

Progressive public opinion around the world condemned the heinous crime of the Turkish pogromists who tried to destroy the Armenian people. Social and political figures, scientists, cultural figures from many countries branded the genocide, qualifying it as a grave crime against humanity, and took part in providing humanitarian assistance to the Armenian people, in particular to refugees who have found refuge in many countries of the world.

After Turkey's defeat in the First World War, the leaders of the Young Turks were accused of dragging Turkey into a disastrous war and put on trial. Among the charges brought against war criminals was the charge of organizing and carrying out the massacre of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire. However, the verdict against a number of Young Turk leaders was passed in absentia, because after Turkey's defeat they managed to flee the country. The death sentence against some of them (Talaat, Behaetdin Shakir, Jemal Pasha, Said Halim and others) was subsequently carried out by the Armenian people's avengers.

After the Second World War, genocide was qualified as the gravest crime against humanity. The legal documents on genocide were based on the basic principles developed by the international military tribunal in Nuremberg, which tried the main war criminals Hitler's Germany. Subsequently, the UN adopted a number of decisions regarding genocide, the main of which are the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948) and the Convention on the Inapplicability of the Statute of Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity, adopted in 1968.

Armenian genocide - causes, stages, number of victims, results. World recognition - find out which countries recognized the Armenian Genocide.

Every year, on April 24, millions of Armenians around the world honor the memory of their ancestors who died in the most terrible event called the Armenian Genocide. In memory of this bloody event, many videos were shot and broadcast on the main channels of Russia and other countries that recognized the genocide. Among the many stories filmed and shown, the most eye-catching was the video clip, called “Millions of Lives.” The plot of the video clip is based on the history of the Armenian people, without any distortion or distortion, all the pain that the ancestors of the dead carry with them every minute. Stars of world culture took part in the video, such as Montserrat Caballe, Mariam Merabova, and many others.

In addition to this video, in Russia on the TNT television channel it was shown, in which the stars of the channel took part. Around the world, in countries that recognized the genocide, many events were held to commemorate this date. For example, in one of the schools in the Californian city of Glendale, an event was held, the main invited guest of which was a local resident who survived the genocide, who told everyone present her story of survival during that difficult time. Events were held in Paris calling for remembering, honoring and mourning together with the Armenian people. Many exhibitions, conferences, charity evenings, sporting events, competitions and concerts around the world were intended to honor the memory of those killed in that terrible event.

Having studied the variety of forums, we can conclude that the majority only approximately know about this incident, without delving into historical sources, they draw blasphemous and incorrect conclusions. Many historians are still puzzled the real reason such brutal events, but are united in one thing - the brutality with which this genocide was committed can only be compared with another large-scale genocide of humanity - the Holocaust.

Causes of genocide.

By looking through most historical sources and notes, you can independently try to understand the reasons for this event. It is no secret that the fundamental cause of most wars, bloodshed and genocides was enmity based on religious differences. Currently, this topic is relevant, although countries all over the world are trying to be civilized and tolerant towards representatives of different religions. A hundred years ago, the topic of faith and worship of another God could have become the impetus for a bloody war, which is considered massacre, arranged in 1915 by the Turks.

The Ottoman state, founded in 1299, expanded its possessions through the conquest of various lands, and after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 it became known as the Ottoman Empire. During the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent, the Ottoman Empire reached unprecedented heights and became the most large country peace. Ottoman Empire was a state connecting Europe and the East for more than 6 centuries. After the signing of a peace treaty in 1924, the empire received the official name "Turkish Republic" or simply Türkiye. In the history of Turkey, the most revered and praised ruler was Suleiman the Magnificent. There are still mosques and topkapis in Turkey that belong to family members of the ruling Ottoman dynasty. Many TV series and films are being produced that describe the events of the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent. A distinctive feature of Suleiman's reign is the absence of fanatical contempt for religions other than Islam, since the empire was considered a multinational and multilingual state. But you should know that Muslims considered representatives of other faiths to be “second-class people” and did not give them any rights to a decent life. Only after the events that occurred during the reign of Selim (one of the sons of Suleiman the Magnificent), namely after the massacre of Shiites in 1514 in eastern Anatolia, in which more than forty thousand people died, did attitudes towards non-believers sharply worsen.

Also in the mid-15th century, there was a temporary truce between the Ottoman Empire and Persia. Both states "pulled" Armenian land, and during the truce it was decided that the western part of the lands was given to the Ottoman Empire, and the eastern part to Persia. What happened after this event with the Armenian people cannot be called anything other than persecution and resettlement.

The aggressive actions of the Turks towards the Armenian people began as a result of the Turkish defeat in the First Balkan War. The Turks were stunned by the defeat and the fact that the European possessions that had long belonged to them no longer had anything to do with Turkey. The Armenians' decision to side with Turkey's opponents marked the beginning of many years of hostility.

Many historians believe that the “root” and fundamental reason for the massacre aimed at the Armenian people was not military strategies, but the religion of the Armenian people. In 301, Armenians were the first in the whole world to accept Christianity as the state religion and still practice it. By the time the views of the Armenians and the Turkish government collided, not a trace remained of the idea of ​​​​Suleiman the Magnificent about accepting all faiths. The Turks became fanatics of their faith and did not recognize any god other than Allah. The Turkish rulers adhered to a “fixed idea”: to reunite all Turks in their historical homeland, and the main obstacle to this reunification was the Armenian people. To achieve their own goals and dreams, the rule of the Ottoman Empire decided to carry out ethnic cleansing, which entailed irreversible consequences. The genocide did not become an event and a decision of one day; events over several decades led to this action. According to unofficial data, passive actions against the Armenian people date back to 1876 during the reign of the despotic Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Also, when studying the subtleties and details of this issue, you need to be aware of the fact that the rule of the Ottoman Empire ignored all the signed documents on peace and independence of the Armenian people. In other words, such a bloody, monstrous crime against the entire Armenian people is nothing more than a whim of the Turkish rulers and a way to prove to the whole world that they are still a great and powerful power, just like under Sultan Suleiman.

Thus, the two main reasons for the occurrence of the Armenian genocide are closely intertwined:

• Religion. The Armenians wanted to practice the faith they had chosen many centuries ago and not be converted to a religion against their will.
• Geographical location of the lands. The Armenian people and the Armenian Republic were at the vicissitudes of the war and were a hindrance to the Turks.

Stages of genocide.

When talking about any large-scale events in history, it is necessary to know the stages into which these events were divided. Genocide is no exception and includes several stages and events:

Stage 1 1876-1914

It is no secret to anyone that one of the compelling reasons for the start of the Russian-Turkish War of 1877-1878 was the inhumane and unfair attitude of the Ottomans towards the ethnic Armenian people. Many historians studying this issue state the fact that the beginning of the persecution of Armenians from their historical lands by the Ottomans was caused by nothing more than ordinary human hostility. Also, the Ottomans were not used to being losers and defeated in any military battles. The defeat in the Russian-Turkish war embittered the Turks even more and the Armenians became a “red rag” for them. In one of the French newspapers, after the events of the first stage, a note by an unknown author was published, which read: “...more than four centuries have passed since the capture of Constantinople, and the Turks, as nomads, living by their robberies and murders, have remained so. Only all this was aggravated by unsubstantiated hatred and malice, as well as the pathetic decline of a once great empire.”

You should know that during the time of Sultan Suleiman, all news and publications, conversations and gossip not only in the Ottoman bazaars, but also from all over Europe were reported to the viziers of the Ottoman Empire. This “tradition” was preserved, and the Ottoman rulers immediately learned about what was written in Paris, who were outraged by such blatant injustice and lack of support from Europe.

As a result of the first Russian-Turkish war, the Berlin Peace Treaty was signed, which stated that powers such as Russia, England, Germany, France and Italy would now act as “defenders” and regulators of all political and ethnic issues of the Armenian people. The Ottomans ignored this agreement, and in 1878, the then Ottoman Empire began the first stage of persecution and extermination of unwanted Armenians. The first mentions of punitive operations date back to 1894-1896. As a result of the pogroms and murders in Asia Minor, more than 350 thousand Armenians were considered dead, and it is incalculable how many thousands of people were saved, choosing for themselves and their families a quiet existence away from the Ottomans.

Stage 2 1909

Enjoying their accomplished and, to some extent, victorious actions against an entire people, the Ottomans believed that “victory” was close. For more than 10 years, the Armenian people lived, if it can be called that, of course, in peace. There were no such ethnic operations; Armenians were not slaughtered as entire families.

But in 1909 this imaginary calm and hope for a quiet life collapsed. With the coming to power of the new rulers of the Ottoman Empire (in history they are called the Young Turks), the Armenian people again found fear for their lives and for the lives of their people. The new (or well-forgotten old) policy of the Young Turks was aimed at the complete destruction of the Armenian people. The Turks honored the ideas of their fathers and grandfathers and began their reign with murder and bloodshed. So in 1909, 30 thousand people were killed in Adana and all of them were representatives of the Armenian ethnic group. This action worsened European attitudes towards the Ottomans and worsened attitudes on the part of countries called upon to support the Armenians. All these actions foreshadowed war, but no one could have thought what kind of cruel events this would lead to. The Ottomans, after all the events against an entire people, mistakenly believed that frightened citizens would take their side and forget the events of more than a dozen years. The last straw became the refusal of Armenian political communities and organizations to side with the Ottoman Empire in the war against Russia. In response, the Young Turks gave the order for the ethnic cleansing of the Armenian people and began the most terrible stage in the life and history of the Armenians.

Stage 3 1915-1923

The most cruel, active and, according to the Ottomans, effective stage of the genocide is the 3rd period. The Ottoman rulers initially focused on the destruction of the Armenian nobility - priests, bankers, and artists. This was not done by chance; according to the pragmatic calculations of the Ottomans, by destroying the nobility, they deprived the Armenian people of the opportunity to be heard and saved. In parts of Eastern Anatolia, the entire Armenian people were gathered and “driven” into camps. These camps were later compared to the Jewish camp Auschwitz. After all, the conditions of existence and the essence of the creation were not at all different from each other. Within a few months, most of the Armenian people died there from hunger, bullying, lack of living conditions and treatment of diseases. Currently, no one lives in this territory, nothing grows there, and the Arabs consider this place cursed, since even after a hundred years, bones of victims who died at that time appear on the surface of the earth every now and then.

This wild, cruel method of exterminating people was not the only one used. In other parts, Armenians were forcibly placed on barges and ships, after which these ships were deliberately sunk by the Ottomans. As a result, thousands more people were drowned in the waters of the Black Sea.

Another method of extermination was the murder of every citizen of the Armenian people. Kurdish troops shot many people, and their corpses were thrown into the river.

Thanks to the choice of such cruel methods of extermination of the Armenian people and citizens of Armenia, according to official sources, the number of victims is more than 1.5 million people. In every historical source and article devoted to this topic, the numbers change, since it is definitely and officially unknown how many people fell due to the whim and malice of the rulers of the Ottoman state.

It is noted that the Armenian people did not bow their heads until the very end and fought for their views, their freedom and their independence. This confrontation between the Armenians is evidenced by the battles that took place in Musa Dag, where the Armenians held the defense for more than fifty days; defense of the cities of Van and Mush. The Armenians held out in these cities until the Russian army appeared on the territory of the cities.

The Armenians could not come to terms with such brutal methods, and after the end of all hostilities, an operation was created to destroy the Ottoman rulers, who decided to exterminate the innocent people. So in 1921 and 1922, three pashas who decided on genocide were shot dead by Armenian soldiers and patriots.

Results and consequences.

Many historians from hundreds of countries around the world consider the cohesion of the Armenian people to be the main result of these bloody actions. In one of the Israeli newspapers, in the early 2000s, an article appeared in which the author compared the Armenian and Jewish peoples: “... there are no more united peoples in the world than Armenians and Jews. Both peoples experienced terrible things in their history and did not fall. They suffered and begged for their carefree life.”

It should be noted that the Turks and the Turkish government for many years denied the events that took place and called the facts distorted, and the Armenian people liars who wanted to discredit the Turks. The only fact preventing Turkey from joining the Council of Europe is its reluctance to recognize the genocide of the Armenian people.

Currently, it is believed that there is not a single Armenian family whose history does not have something in common with the Armenian genocide. Great-grandparents, distant relatives and just family members - at least someone suffered in that terrible event. Therefore, for the descendants of those same Armenians and simply for the Armenian people, it became a matter of honor to convey the truth to humanity. Since the end, Armenians have been fighting for recognition of genocide worldwide. What is important to them is not sympathy, what is important to them is the recognition that they were almost exterminated, and then for many years they denied this fact.

Countries that have recognized the Armenian genocide.

Currently, many countries have passed resolutions recognizing the Armenian genocide by the Ottomans. These countries include:

It is a known fact that during his reign, He invited all European countries to follow his example and the example of his state. Sarkazy also advised Turkey “...to begin to respect itself and accept the long-confirmed historical fact" According to Sarkozy, criminalization of genocide denial- another significant step towards recognizing the terrible tragedy committed in 1915 against the entire Armenian people. There was no response from the allied countries, but after some time, bills criminalizing the denial of genocide began to be adopted and signed in various countries. For example, after the signing of such a law in Cyprus, a penalty for denying genocide was introduced, such as imprisonment for a period of 5 years and a fine of about 10,000 euros.

According to many Armenians living around the world, it is important to them that this crime does not go unnoticed. The President of Armenia says: “With their disagreement and perseverance, the Armenian people may have prevented and are preventing the makings of genocides of other peoples.”

78 comments

Hello fellow creators and “guardians” of the site. I accidentally came across your site, it looks pretty decent, no “swearing” words, no swearing, as is, unfortunately, observed on many Armenian sites, so I registered, read, looked at some “news”, there are interesting points, here you go I decided to write, hoping for the adequacy of the answers and the adequacy of the owners of these answers. I warn you right away that people with at least a little self-respect never spit saliva and curse words - this is an indicator of powerlessness... From the alleged curse words (I really hope that there will be none) I don’t feel cold or hot, but at the first manifestation of such illiteracy and stupidity, I’ll leave with a satisfied grin, like “I’ve made a couple more fools go crazy”... So if you have real strength, hit with all your might, I’m ready, as they say, for work and defense. I repeat, I really hope for a real discussion, because I have known the Armenian people for a very long time, and despite what is happening now, for which I can’t find an explanation, I know that there are still “real people”, literate, with a vision of the world and logic in the midst of it people...

About myself I will only say that I am from Azerbaijan, I live in Turkey, I consider myself a Turk, and “Azerbaijani” means a Turk living in a land called Azerbaijan. After all, the people living in America don’t consider themselves Americans? Am I wrong?

By the way, your people (he calls himself that) are hai, living in the territory that from time immemorial was called Armenia, and not Armenians... This is my purely personal opinion, we Turks live in Anatolia, Azerbaijan, Greece, but not We call ourselves Anatolia, Greeks, etc. So, by the way, it was not a topic for discussion.

Now for the article, which was published, if I’m not mistaken, on September 21, 2015, “The Armenian Genocide of 1915. in the Ottoman Empire,” and some other publications. I just have some questions that I want to ask, hoping to get simple answers. By the way, I’m not afraid to make a couple of comments...

1) Firstly, you call the state an “empire”, although it never called itself that, and all documents contained the word “devlet” and derivatives from this word. Again, my purely personal opinion is that the word “empire”, in relation to Osmanly Devleti, is nothing more than, to put it correctly, a “name-calling”, which was given precisely by the imperialists in order to belittle its role in history, and it was picked up individuals who do not understand anything and do not read anything.
2) It is alleged that the Ottomans are impatient with other peoples of non-Muslim religion, and speaks of some kind of “Shiite massacre” in 1514. Let’s assume in Khvilinka, as the Ukrainians say, that such a thing took place... Okay, so why weren’t the Shiites slaughtered after 1514? After all, they lived in Osmanli Devleti for a very long time even after 1514? And the year 1514 is the year of the Battle of Chaldiran, between the Ottomans and the Safevi state, and the victory was for the Western Turks, but what kind of massacre are we talking about, gentlemen???
3) “...The aggressive actions of the Turks towards the Armenian people began as a result of the Turkish defeat in the First Balkan War...” Yes, there was a defeat, we don’t deny it, and we can’t deny it, but only because “the Turks were stunned by the defeat and the fact that the European possessions that had long belonged to them no longer had anything to do with Turkey” and this marked the beginning of hostility ... To put it mildly, laughter, don’t mention it anywhere else, because it won’t be possible to substantiate it. Guys, no matter how much it pains me to mention it, the Ottoman State lost lands before the First Balkan, for example Crimea. So why were there no “aggressive actions”?
4) “Thus, the two main reasons for the occurrence of the Armenian genocide are closely intertwined:
Religion. The Armenians wanted to practice the faith they had chosen many centuries ago and not be converted to a religion against their will.
Geographical location of the lands. The Armenian people and the Armenian Republic were at the vicissitudes of the war and were a hindrance to the Turks.”
Great, minuscule at stake... Guys, you have professed this faith since the year 301, you say so yourself, and for good measure, but don’t forget that since the 11th century, and if you dig deeper, even earlier , the Turks owned Armenia, and the land of Armenia, where the people who called themselves “hai” lived, and from 1299 the Ottomans, whom you hated, also came. So why weren’t you cut out then? Well, since we are so intolerant. Fortunately, there were opportunities, cut it, I don’t want it... Oh yes, it all started with the policies of the Young Turks, Sultan Hamid, etc. Why weren’t other “non-Muslims” slaughtered already in their times? Well, at least the same Jews? Something is not sticking together again... Apparently there was no “massacre”, huh?
What kind of “republic” are we talking about? Please enlighten me.
5) “The last straw was the refusal of Armenian political communities and organizations to side with the Ottoman Empire in the war against Russia.” How to stand up? Do you plan to allocate any military units? Please clarify.

Well, I’ll hold off on the questions for now and wait for the answers. The article as a whole is replete with statements without any indication of documents. But it was proposed by Comrade Erdogan, let’s create a “consilium” of your and our historians and let’s delve into the documents of our archives, find confirmation and we (I quote) “are ready to face our mistakes”... But as I understand it, there was nothing you have historians.

Oh yes, another article caught my eye that the Vatican would, like, “declassify” documents about the so-called. "genocide". Please give me copies...

All the best...

Comrade beast hiding behind the name Mitrush Mitrushkin symbolizing the Russian people!!! Comrade, I will simply call you as you defined it in your text, hai-beast, you are just a beast hiding your name by publishing this commentary, the story of which was supported by the whole world! And you, the beast, barked and disappeared without even leaving a trace of your name, just as in history animals do not leave anything good! And note one more thing, not a single person entered into a comment discussion with you, you are not worthy of this!

Dear you are my respondent... I am so glad that I finally got at least some kind of reaction. Otherwise I wonder if no one reads this site at all... In answering you, I will go against my word not to enter into debates with “sprinklers of saliva and swearing” just once... If you continue in the same spirit, the flag will be in your hands and may you dream of my contented grin... And now, in order:

1) By calling me a “beast” you are trying to humiliate me. Although in my opinion, and not only in my opinion, it may be a subjective opinion, but in general based on all sorts of naturalistic studies (look at “In the Animal World”, old issues), all “animal people” are much more noble than subjects like you and those included into the "human" category. Animals, at least, do not act meanly and do not spoil things where they lack the strength to do something. Try to follow their example. Anyway...
2) From which side do you want to bring in the “Russian” people? For what? Well, if I call myself not Mitrusha Mitrushkin, but Mamed Mamedov, what will change from that? I'll still be right... What's wrong? Well then, answer at least one of my questions in a humane way. You can not??? Ha ha... By the way, I know why you brought the Russians into this conversation. It’s just that, unfortunately, you can’t do anything without them, or rather, you could if you didn’t follow the lead...
3) And yet, at least I called myself Mitrusha, but what should I call you? “Nobody’s name is anything”... Well, it turns out the same way, look at your answer... And I wrote in black and white that I am from Azerbaijan and live in Turkey. What will change if I write my real name? Will you come to me with a bazooka???
4) I didn’t call Khays beasts and didn’t disparage them in any way, and I won’t in the future, God forbid, I never use derogatory words in relation to other peoples. Now, if you don’t like what your people call themselves, then I’m not your doctor.
5) I quote your words, “...to the article whose story was supported by the whole world!” Well, firstly, the whole world did not support this “story”, but was supported only by those where either the Armenian lobby is too strong or those that depend on those who need this story to be supported... Although this is not even important . For me, it is important that I doubt the veracity of the mentioned “story” and therefore ask questions. A normal human reaction, aren’t you familiar with it?! I ask questions and ask you to answer them, as Marshal Zhukov said, “convince me, I’m not a fool”... But you have not violated trends and stereotypes in any way.
6) In general, it’s interesting why not a single more or less intelligent, well-read Armenian ever enters into discussions on this topic? There are two answers. The first is because there are no intelligent and well-read Armenians. But this, thank God, is not so... The second answer, because a more or less intelligent person, be he Armenian, Chinese, Russian or Papua New Guinean, understands perfectly well that there is no so-called. there was no genocide. I foresee your answer to this question: “You are not worthy of such people talking to you,” well, something like that... Twice ha-ha...

I advise you, dear nobody, whose name is nothing, (well, how can I address you???) to re-read my comments again, and in particular questions asked and try to answer at least one of them. And if you can’t, then I’ll remind you of the Russian (!!!) proverb “don’t get into the Kalash line with a pig’s snout”... I didn’t say that, it’s a Russian proverb...

By the way, finally, I advise you to watch the film “The meeting place cannot be changed”, one of the last scenes where Gleb Zheglov answers Gorbatom - “Captain Zheglov is not barking with you, pig, but talking”... An instructive scene...

Well packaged...

Animal, you are really right, no matter how much you choose names for yourself, you will remain a BEAST! And your swan chatter from the editors of your publication to introduce confusion into the heads of believers is just zilch that no one will hear! So beast take a bottle of water and wash your ass and calm down! I want to point out that you are a beast, my words are not an attempt to humiliate you! How can an animal be offended by being called a beast or an animal))?! Only a person can be offended or offended by this, but I don’t see people here, I see a dialogue with an animal!

And where is your Turkey))))), poking around in the shit together with Erdogan and trying to patch up the Turkish economy for next year))))! Listen, you unfaithful little animal, another big surprise from Russia awaits you next year! Yes, you are already walking under yourself, and next year you will have a beastly lack of control! Historically, there was no Turkish state! Europe has created you as its own dog breeder for border protection!!! Turkey is the state that I shit on, it never existed and will not exist in this century)), you will look at it all with your own eyes.

Quote: Mitrusha Mitrushkin

One is ready... Admin, are you even reading this?

And what is this one ready for? You are writing a comment supposedly for a normal discussion, which contains deliberately provocative phrases and judgments. From this we can conclude that you did not come to discuss the article constructively, but simply to provoke people into conflict...

Dear Mesrop,

I won’t hide that there is a small bit of sarcasm in my statement, but I began my first message with the words that if insults start, I will leave with a satisfied grin... Right? And right off the bat they started calling me names. Where is the constructiveness in the statements of the nameless citizen?

I’m not making excuses, first of all, secondly, I know that my letters are to some extent provocative, so shut me up. Only those who are not sure that they are right do not argue, but I am confident in myself. So let's put the nonsense aside and have a normal discussion. Is it coming?

Dear users of the arm-world website, do not respond to the provocations of this Mitrushkin! This is a troll who gets paid for inciting hatred and interethnic conflicts, albeit on the Internet. This friend’s profile states that he is from Turkey, but at the same time he writes in good Russian. There is a whole army of such nameless “keyboard heroes” around the world. He simply fulfills the orders of his masters. I would not be surprised that in response to my comment, this provocateur will begin to beat his chest, posing as if he is Russian and only wants to understand the history of the Armenian-Turkish conflict, this is all untrue.

A rather elderly Jewish woman comes to Odessa to see a gynecologist. The gynecologist is a young doctor, just from the institute... And for the Jewish woman, this was the first visit to a gynecologist in her life. Our young doctor examines her and writes out the necessary prescription. The Jewish girl gets up, straightens up, and already leaving the door of the office says to the doctor:
- Son (with emphasis on the first syllable), does mommy know what you do?

Dear you are my Administrator, good day... I think your mommy doesn’t know what you’re doing here, otherwise she would spank you on the butt for illiteracy and inattention. You read my first appeal, it is written there in black and white that I am from Azerbaijan and live in Turkey. I’m not Russian at all and I don’t want to understand anything; for myself I figured out a long time ago that the so-called. genocide chica, ascanumes?

It is even more dishonest to accuse me of inciting ethnic conflicts. I’m already tired of repeating myself, in my first message there are a couple of questions, having found the answers to which you yourself will understand that they are fooling you, the Armenians, oh, how much they are fooling you and using you, and you, to my regret, are really following the lead. The earth is the one who uses it best, by and large, no one. And to demand that only such and such a people should live on such and such a territory is nationalism, chauvinism, etc., I am not strong in these terms. Live, for God’s sake, wherever you want, just follow the laws of the state that is on these lands. That's all I have to say. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, following the lead of imperialist Russia, you did not follow the laws of the state in which you lived, organized unrest and even an armed movement, so measures had to be taken against you... That's it, nothing more! !! Was there something else? Prove it, answer the questions that I asked, and don’t engage in “pouring from empty to empty.” And by avoiding answers like “don’t answer, this is a provocation, a troll (for God’s sake, what kind of name-calling is this, explain), he’s working off money” - you only prove that I’m right!!!

So, comrade Admin, friend (God forbid, of course), if you have the strength (in this case, knowledge) - hit (in this case, answer directly the questions posed), no - smoke bamboo, the flag is in your hands. Just don’t forget that thanks to people like you, the Armenian people suffer troubles and misfortunes.

Be there...

Listen, my dear Turk, I’m not going to try to prove anything to you here and I won’t feed the trolls either... The Armenians have lived for centuries without you and will live for many more centuries. There is no point in responding to your stupid speculation here either, all people know who the Azeris and Turks are and what they are capable of. The downed Russian plane is further confirmation of this. Therefore, sit at your monitor and continue printing hundreds of left-wing articles, showing yourself to be a Turkic Robin Hood. We can live without your prayers...

Another one is ready... Let's do something bigger.

We ask the Administrator to block representatives of “friendly” states who are accustomed to stating facts by quoting themselves... I agree about the material motivation of such individuals, and the “backbone” of the order is clearly visible in the text, as a result I think to block such figures and remove the “heaps” from their activities

Abilardo, did you even understand what you wrote? Is there really no one more or less serious, capable of discussion and not demagoguery? All you can do is shout, be indignant, accuse, without any basis, by the way... I asked questions - if there are no answers to them, then all this shouting of yours is for the so-called. genocide is nothing more than the cry of an unpaid prostitute. Well, no other comparison comes to mind. This means that you are lying, it means that you are disingenuous because you are avoiding direct answers. And it doesn’t matter whether I write “on order” or not, whether I get paid for it or not. Do you even understand the essence of the word “discussion”? How is it built? These are questions from one side and answers from the other, then vice versa. Everything is simple, but you don’t want to understand the simplest things. Checkmate, comrade, checkmate...

Another one is ready...

"That's all I want to say. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, following the lead of imperialist Russia, you did not follow the laws of the state in which you lived, organized unrest and even an armed movement, so they had to apply it to you measures... That's it, nothing more!!! Was there something else? Prove it, answer the questions I asked, and don’t engage in “pouring from empty to empty.”

Poluchaetsya, 1.5 million armyanskih zhenschin, detey, starikov zasluzhili adskuyu smert", bez suda I sledstviya iz-za togo chto zhili na svoey rodine, okkupirovannoy turkami I ne hoteli sledovat" Turetskim zakonam? Da eto konechno ne genotsid, eto byila kara nebesnaya. Thenda genotsida ne byivaet v prirode. I golodniy mladenets, kotorogo mat" ubila vinovat sam v tom chto razdrazal mat" svoim krikom. Skol "ko bi turki ni staralis" oprovergnut" etot fakt, - fakt genotsida armyanskogo people v turtsii. A zverem nazvan tak kak ty potomok the kto zverski uvil milliony ni v chem nepovinnyih lyudey i prodolzhaesh nastaivat" v svoyey pravote. Zver", who are you?

Ya skazhu dlya sravneniya, skazhem, davay sbrosim paru yadernih bomb na stambul i ankaru za to chto turki sbili plane. then ty mozhet poymesh. Hotya vryad li.

Adminu rekomenduyu udalit" posty stavyaschiye pod somneniya fakt genotsida i blokirovat" takih pol"zovateley

Barev, Georgi Can,

Firstly - God knows, without any trick or ridicule - I want to thank you for your constructive approach, an approach without swearing, without baseless accusations, shouting, etc. And although the answers to your questions are already initially in my stories (even on the topic of “beast”), thank you anyway...

Now, in order and again:
1) There are no Armenians. There are the Hay people who, by hook or by crook, are trying to “conquer” the lands on which they live. And these lands have been called Armenia since ancient times. Let me say as an example (more precisely, I will repeat) - the Turks came to Anatolia, made it their homeland, continued to call themselves Turks, and called the country Turkey (T?rkler / T?rkiye). So what is the homeland, the lands on which the Khai live is still a question, just don’t poke me under the nose with two or three pebbles, allegedly dug up and belonging to the “great Armenian nation”. But this is just a preface.
2) About one and a half million Armenians... The question was also covered by me. Firstly, when the Nazis killed Jews (and not only them), despite the gas chambers, crematoria, etc., there were still traces of what they had done, which served as proof of what they had done. Secondly, let's assume for a moment that you are right. Can you imagine one and a half million corpses? Where can I put them? Where to bury, where to burn, without a trace, mind you? Show, find! Thirdly, in the Ottoman state, a population census was always carried out at certain intervals and documents are still stored in the archives, you can come, view, count, please. So, in one of the works of Yusuf Halaçoglu, figures are given specifically from the census of the population of the east of the country in the late 19th - early 20th centuries. Well, there are no one and a half million Armenians there, only a third of this figure was counted. So, it turns out that the Armenians were killed three times? Okay, Halaçoglu is a Turk, he works “on order” from Turkey, again, let’s say for a minute. So the archive is open, come, look, explore. Well, okay, you don’t have to believe the archive, give me your evidence!!! IMPARTIAL evidence, and not statements like, “The Vatican will declassify documents on genocide”... Let them show it!!! But no, “Friend, leave me smoking, and in response there is silence”... It doesn’t work out, well, it doesn’t work out for you, my good comrade.
3) Why were there deaths among the Armenians - so you yourself quoted me...
4) And as for the downed plane... Firstly, Putin is far from being such a fool as your Khaev leaders, but on the contrary, he is the smartest person, and will not get into trouble, because he understood the hint perfectly. And secondly, what, the veins are shaking, right?! :) You know, Confucius said, “sometimes, in order to correct a nation, you need to completely destroy it, leaving a small part of male and female babies, so that the subspecies continues,” well, this is a bit of a free interpretation of his words, of course. Humanly speaking, I couldn’t agree with him, but seeing people like you, I’m starting to think that the old man was right, oh, so right...

Read books, comrade, and I, as Ostap Bender said, “...tired and hungry...” I answered your questions, how about reciprocating?!

Dokazatel "stva est" I oni predstavleny vsemu miru. Fakt genotsida priznan pochti vsey Evropoy, Kanadoy, I mnogimi drugimi stranami. Doydet delo I do USA. This is a question of time I politiki. U shtatov voennie bazy v turtsii, ih pridetsya ubrat", oni ne hotyat, no ves" mir eto priznaet v itoge, potomu kak pravdu ne skroesh, a tem bolee takoe zhestokoe slodeyanie. Naschet ispravleniya natsii eto konechno kasaetsya turkov, no eto vam ne pomozhet, t.k. nasilie i zhestokost" i turkov v krovi i eto ne ispravit" takim metodom, tol"ko esli istrebit" vsyu natsiyu, no ni armyane ni kto drugoy na takoy metod ne sposobny potomu kak, dazhe esli eto predstavit"sya vozmozhnim, to sdelat" takoe ne pozvolit" ih chelovecheskaya natura. Turki - dikie lyudi i nikogda ne stanut lyud"mi. Eto kak zveri, u kotoryih instinct ubivat", chtoby s"est". No u turkov esche huzhe. dlya nih ubit" znachit sovershit geroicheskiy postupok. Ya soglasen s tem chto turki zavoevali nyineshnyuyu turtsiyu, i tot fakt chto na territorii turtsii pochti ne ostalos" hristian, i prodolzhayutsya goneniya dazhe na kurdov govorit za sebya sam. Turki - zveri. Prichem dikie. I im nikogda ne budet doveriya. Dover it" sya Turku eto vse ravno chto polozhit" golovu v past" l"vu. Lev somknet chelyusti odin raz, pust" dazhe sluchayno. No eto ne vse. Turki k tomu zhe trusyi, t.k. dazhe ne mogut priznat", to chto sovershili. Voyna voynoy, no ubivat" children, zhenschin i starikov eto zverstvo. Turki i turtsiya ischadiya ada, vi dyavolyi, vas nuzhno derzhat" v zatochenii chtobyi ostal"noy mir ne stradal. Ya ponimayu chto eto sdelali ne vse turki, no tot fakt chto bol"shinstvo turkov podderzhivaet etu politiku oznachaet chto bol"shinstvo turkov ne raskaivayutsya. A naoborot podderzhivayut eto i znachit yavlyayutsya potentsial"no opasnimi dlya vsego chelovechestva.

Kstati, ya mnogo chitayu i ne nahozhu zamechaniye umestnim. Ni odin is poryadochnih, obrazovannih i intellegentnih turkov, koih pochti net, a v moyem ponimanii turkov voobsche takih ne byivaet, ne stal by tut chto-to pisat" krome slov sozhaleniya i raskayaniy. Byilo bi po krayney mere stidno. Dlya neznayuschih poyasnyu: ARMYANE = HAYATSY

George, read about scholasticism, okay, but not about what it was in the Middle Ages, but about what it means in the present time. I see that you are a guy more or less able to ask questions, but unfortunately your brains have been filled with all sorts of nonsense, first of all, “nationalism of the great Armenian people.” Sorry, very sorry...

I won’t argue with you anymore, sorry, I don’t want to pour empty things into empty things. Once again I have to repeat myself and ask the question:

If the so-called genocide would be a reality, why is the Turkish government so confident in inviting everyone to investigate this issue?

The simplest question, ask yourself and look for answers, read books, even if they are books by the Turks you hate, but still read, look for the truth. So I understand that you are still a young guy, so go ahead and sing.

As for your definition of “beast,” it only makes me smile, not even a grin.

By the way, today is the anniversary of the Khojaly massacre, a massacre when BEASTS, vile, lousy, cowardly creatures destroyed more than 600 unarmed people, among whom were women, children, and old people. By the way, this massacre has ALL the evidence... Don’t be like them, at least try, and the perpetrators will get what they deserve.

That's it, goodbye, sorry, but I won't answer you anymore...

Let's get someone more serious...

V turtsii vse dokazatel"stva narochno unichtozheny turetskim pravitel"stvom, eto i ezhu yasno. Poetomu oni i priglashayut. Net smyisla tuda ehat", da eshe i zhiznenno opasno. Sholastikoy, svastikoy i ostal"nimi slovami, vzyatimi iz interneta i ne znaya znacheniye kotorih, ne nuzhno raskidyivat"sya bez smyisla i ne v temu. Ya uzhe pisal pro chtenie knig vyishe. V hodzhale ne byilo rezni, a byla samozaschita i dali vozmozhnost" vsem zhelayuschim uyti cherez koridor. Ne nado opyat" taki vidavat" zhelaemoe za deystvitel"noe. Ya soglasen chto postradali lyudi i mne ochen" zhal".

Kstati, ochen" umnoe reshenie bol"she mne ne otvechat", v dannom slushae samoe pravil"noe, No posmotrim, vremya pokazhet, shego stoyat slova turka(turok=arezbadzanets)

Tut napisano komu prinadlezhali zemli gde zhili armyane: “In the east and south of Modern Turkey were the lands of Western Armenia, Lesser Armenia and Armenian Cilicia, the population of which consisted mainly of ethnic Armenians.”

A eto dokazatel"stva zhestokosti i zverstva turkov, ne tol"ko po otnosheniyu k armyanam

Radical Islam has this approach:

"On the first day (read Turks) the guest is in someone else's house, on the second he has equal rights with the owner, on the 3rd - the owner." Turkey's reactive policy in all centuries reflects only this approach.
Vzyato mnoyu iz interneta.

In 1919, the court of the Ottoman Empire sentenced Enver Pasha, Jemal Pasha, Talliyat Pasha to death for mass crimes, murders of Armenians, in order to remove this shame from the state and show it as a private initiative of just the ministers of internal affairs, etc. By the way, at the time of the trial they were no longer in Turkey (who would doubt it). In 1915, after the massacre of the Armenians, Enver Pasha moved through what seemed to be a purchase and sale into the mansion house of the Armenian Kasabyan, probably before that there was no proper home of his own. Both Turks and Azeris tend to do one thing and say another. A recent example, the downed Russian plane , from the first minutes lies upon lies in reality top level and a stab in the back of a country called a friend. Isn't that Turkish? There are millions of examples, you can’t give them all. Let me just say that you, born in Azerbaijan and living in Turkey, are a victim of the false propaganda of these countries as a child of criminal parents, doomed to live with this shame or kill again to silence witnesses and your conscience.

First and most importantly, why doesn’t any of you directly answer the questions posed, written in black and white in my first message, but wobble back and forth and divert the discussion from your main path? Isn’t this an indicator of the deceit, meanness, lousiness, dishonesty and illiteracy of your people? (I’m not saying, I’m just asking, but the facts, oh these facts, you can’t run away from them, right?) Answer my questions directly first, answer them exactly, and only then ask yours. I agree that you can answer a question with a question, but only if your counter questions are on the topic of discussion. But at the moment this is not observed, as they say, “I’m talking about Ivan, and you’re talking about a blockhead”...

I won’t even talk about Enver Pasha, there’s no point in “throwing pearls before swine”, you still won’t understand. So I understand that you read about him on Wikipedia (and your people, following the lead of the Russians, are not capable of anything more), so, have you at least thought about why the “document” about Enver Pasha is on English language??? Well, tighten up your brains, or have they completely faded into stripes? Oh you don't know!!! It’s no wonder that you don’t know... In 1919, during the years of the occupation of Turkey by England and its lousy minions like... I won’t say which nations, personalities like Enver Pasha posed the main danger to the occupiers. As a result, they tried to get rid of them in every conceivable and inconceivable way.

I don’t expect you to understand anything, and I will no longer answer bipods like you, who know nothing but the Internet, but everything written by your compatriots and by you so far is nothing other than “pig or puppy squealing” and “itarakumen” republic"... It seems that you have no educated people at all. Eat?! Well, let's get it here!!!

I was surprised to meet an Azeri who could read, write, and even in Russian and English. On your advice, I also decided to engage in self-education. First, I’ll start with the Hungarian language in order to familiarize myself with the original documents on the legal proceedings of Ramil Safarov. What you write verbosely has at least one purpose - to increase the obfuscation index in order to hide the truth. Or maybe you're a troll.... You see, the British, you had to have your own head. This is my last comment.

Quote: Mitrusha Mitrushkin

Secondly, you so sincerely invite everyone to Turkey to study falsified documents about the absence of the Genocide, that you involuntarily ask the question - do you really believe that it is now safe for a Russian or an Armenian to be in your country? Or will the death of any of the above be considered your personal merit?

Fourthly, if you do not understand who the Armenians are and what Armenia is, then open any map of the world or any document or historical sketch of the period BC. and make sure where and who the Armenians and Armenia were when your Turkey and the Ottoman Empire did not even smell. You don’t have to go far, and you won’t, open Wikipedia.

Fifthly, for inappropriate expressions in comments, for actions of a provocative nature, for attempts to distort history and avoid responsibility for the actions of your ancestors - your account is blocked for a period of 101 years.

There are the Hay people who, by hook or by crook, are trying to “conquer” the lands on which they live. Here you have confused Armenians with Turks and Turkey. It is completely natural for you to seize foreign territories and, without hesitation, appropriate the culture of the captured country. Calling Constantinople Istanbul and converting Christian churches into mosques are completely natural actions for you. Once in Rome I witnessed the reaction of an Azerbaijani to an ancient map of the world. Seeing Armenia among countries unfamiliar to him, he asked indignantly, “Where is Azerbaijan?” The guide was surprised and sincerely asked, “What is this?” Oh, how the Azeri-Turk got mad, left on foot, leaving the elderly mother alone at a loss.
2) About one and a half million Armenians... This question must be answered by you, Turks. I read the testimonies of British missionaries who spoke in horror about impassable roads littered with corpses...

Well, okay, you don’t have to believe the archive, give me your evidence!!! - Why on earth should we give you, murderers, any evidence? You know everything without our evidence, another thing is that if something depends on your sources, you have the opportunity, according to your mentality, to change and distort - lies, falsification, forgeries and shameless blatant lies. Why would we contact you when we have all the evidence from a variety of sources, moreover, non-Armenian ones.
3)Why were there deaths among the Armenians - It's funny to answer this stupid question.
4) And as for the downed plane... Indeed, Putin is quite a smart person and it is not for us to discuss this issue.

You know, Confucius said, “sometimes, in order to correct a nation, you need to completely destroy it, leaving a small part of male and female infants, so that the species continues,” well, this is a bit of a free interpretation of his words, of course. But Confucius is right, I hope it is Putin who will have to bring this idea to life and cleanse humanity of a nation to which no other nation has given at least the slightest positive characteristic. Look at the proverbs different nations O Turkish essence. God bless Putin!