Traditional customs New Year New Year is a holiday that came to us from ancient peoples. True, many centuries ago the New Year was celebrated not on January 1, but at the beginning of March or on the day of the spring solstice, as well as in September or on the day winter solstice, December 22. Spring

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Customs and rituals The long years of the existence of Christianity in the world gave rise to a special culture, even rather a civilization, which is now called Christian. This culture covered Europe, America and Australia, and was included in separate inclusions in the life of Asia and Africa. For Christian

For our readers: church rituals in Orthodoxy with detailed description from various sources.

The Orthodox Church has established a tradition of performing many rituals that influence the life of a believer in different ways, but at the same time always establish his connection with God. Some of them came to us from biblical times and are mentioned in Holy Scripture, others are of later origin, but all of them, together with the holy sacraments, are integral parts of the general spiritual foundation of our faith.

The difference between rites and sacraments

Before starting a conversation about what church rites are in Orthodoxy, it is necessary to emphasize their fundamental difference from other forms of sacred rites, which are called sacraments, and with which they are often confused. The Lord gave us 7 sacraments - baptism, repentance, confirmation, marriage, communion, consecration of oil, priesthood. When they are performed, the grace of God is invisibly communicated to believers.

At the same time, church ritual is only a part of earthly reality, elevating the human spirit to accept the sacrament and directing its consciousness to the feat of faith. It should be remembered that all ritual forms receive their sacred meaning solely through the prayer that accompanies them. Only thanks to it can an action become a sacred rite, and an external process turn into a ritual.

Types of Orthodox rituals

With a large degree of convention, everything Orthodox rituals can be divided into three categories. The first includes liturgical rites that are part of the general order of liturgical church life. Among them are the removal of the holy shroud on Good Friday, the year-round blessing of water, as well as the blessing of artos (leavened bread) on Easter week, the church ritual of anointing with oil performed at Matins, and a number of others.

The next category includes the so-called everyday rituals. These include the consecration of the home, various products, including seeds and seedlings. Then we should name the consecration of good undertakings, such as the beginning of fasting, traveling or building a house. This should also include church ceremonies for the deceased, which include a wide range of ceremonial and ritual actions.

And finally, the third category is symbolic rituals established in Orthodoxy to express certain religious ideas and are a symbol of man’s unity with God. In this case, a striking example is the sign of the cross. This is also a church rite, symbolizing the memory of the suffering endured by the Savior, and at the same time serving as a reliable barrier from the action of demonic forces.

Anointing

Let's look at some frequently occurring rituals. Everyone who happened to be in church at Matins (a divine service performed in the morning) became a witness, and perhaps a participant in the ritual in which the priest makes a cross-shaped anointing of the forehead of the believer with consecrated oil, called oil.

This church rite is called anointing. It symbolizes God's mercy poured out on man, and it came to us from Old Testament times, when Moses commanded that Aaron and all his descendants, the servants of the Jerusalem Temple, be anointed with sacred oil. In the New Testament, the Apostle James, in his conciliar letter, mentions its healing effect and says that this is a very important church rite.

Unction - what is it?

To prevent a possible mistake in understanding the two common features sacred rites - the rite of anointing and the sacrament of unction - require some explanation. The fact is that each of them uses consecrated oil - oil. But if in the first case the priest’s actions are purely symbolic, then in the second they are aimed at invoking God’s grace.

Accordingly, the sacrament of unction is a more complex sacred rite and is performed, according to church canons, by seven priests. Only in extreme cases is it allowed to be performed by one priest. Anointing with oil is performed seven times, while excerpts from the Gospel, chapters from the Epistle of the Apostles and special prayers intended for this occasion are read. At the same time, the church rite of anointing, as mentioned above, consists only in the fact that the priest, while blessing, applies oil with the sign of the cross on the forehead of the believer.

Rituals associated with the end of a person’s earthly life

The church funeral rite and subsequent remembrance of the deceased also occupy an important place. In Orthodoxy, this is given special significance due to the importance of the moment when a person’s soul, having parted with mortal flesh, passes into eternity. Without touching on all its aspects, we will dwell only on the most significant points, among which the funeral service deserves special attention.

This funeral service can be performed over the deceased only once, unlike a memorial service, litia, commemoration, etc. It consists of reading (singing) established liturgical texts, and their order is different for lay people, monks, priests and infants. The purpose of the funeral service is to ask the Lord for remission of sins to His newly departed slave (slave) and to grant peace to the soul that has left the body.

In addition to the funeral service, the Orthodox tradition also provides for such an important rite as a memorial service. It is also a prayer song, but it is much shorter in duration than the funeral service. It is customary to perform a memorial service on the 3rd, 9th and 40th day after death, as well as on its anniversary, namesake and birthday of the deceased. When removing the body from the house, as well as during church commemoration of the deceased, another ritual of funeral service is performed - lithium. It is somewhat shorter than a memorial service and also takes place in accordance with established rules.

Consecration of homes, food and good beginnings

Consecration in Orthodox tradition are called rituals, as a result of which God’s blessing descends on a person and on everything that accompanies him in this earthly life. According to the teachings of the church, until the second coming of Christ, the enemy of the human race, the devil, will invisibly carry out his dirty deeds in the world around us. We are doomed to see external manifestations of his activities everywhere. Man cannot resist him without the help of Heavenly forces.

That is why it is so important to cleanse our homes from the presence of people in them through church rituals. dark forces, to prevent the evil one from entering us along with the food we eat, or to put invisible obstacles in the way of our good undertakings. However, it should be remembered that any ritual, as well as a sacrament, acquires grace-filled power only under the condition of unwavering faith. To consecrate something, while doubting the effectiveness and power of the ritual, is an empty and even sinful act, to which the same enemy of the human race is invisibly pushing us.

Blessing of Waters

It is impossible not to mention the rite of consecration of water. According to established tradition, the blessing of water (blessing of water) can be small and great. In the first case, it is performed many times throughout the year during prayer services and during the sacrament of Baptism. In the second, this ritual is performed once a year - during the feast of the Epiphany.

It was installed in memory of the greatest event described in the Gospel - the immersion of Jesus Christ in the waters of the Jordan, which became a prototype of the washing of all human sins, taking place in the holy font, opening the way for people to the bosom of Christ's Church.

How to confess to receive remission of sins?

Church repentance of sins, regardless of whether they were committed intentionally or out of ignorance, is called confession. Being a sacrament and not a rite, confession is not directly related to the topic of this article, and yet we will briefly dwell on it due to its extreme importance.

The Holy Church teaches that everyone going to confession is obliged first of all to make peace with their neighbors if they have had any disagreements with them. In addition, he must sincerely regret what he has done, otherwise how can he confess without feeling guilty? But this is not enough. It is also important to have a firm intention to improve and continue to strive for a righteous life. The main foundation on which confession is built is faith in God’s mercy and hope in His forgiveness.

In the absence of this latter and essential element repentance itself is useless. An example of this is the Gospel Judas, who repented of betraying Jesus Christ, but hanged himself due to lack of faith in His boundless mercy.

Let's take a break for a while from the fact that Orthodox worship is a traditional practice that has come to us from the depths of centuries, and let's try to understand why it should be a ritual?

In fact, if we were creating it, based on some very general ideas, right now, would it be necessary to make our religion so strictly formal? Perhaps the free, improvisational form that Protestants adhere to also has a right to exist?

Declarative and real freedom

We should start, of course, with the fact that the notorious “freedom” of Protestantism is much more declarative than real. Our American university once decided to build a “chapel of all religions,” the building of which would be free of any traditional religious paraphernalia and could be used for worship and rituals by students of any religion.

And, indeed, formally the requirement was fulfilled - not a single element of the chapel’s decoration could be found fault with. But in the general architectural appearance and interior, Protestant forms were so unmistakably discernible that no one, except for representatives of various Protestant denominations, ever really used the chapel.

And it's very characteristic phenomenon: Even when Protestants sincerely think that they are free and guided only by the dictates of their hearts, in fact they are closely bound by the new traditions that have developed among them over the past few hundred years.

Our invisible rituals

Of course, it is not only Protestants who are deceived in this way. Majority modern people snorts arrogantly when faced with the “archaic and meaningless” rituals of Orthodoxy, but at the same time in their own lives they follow many rituals, large and small, sometimes unconsciously borrowed from some tradition, sometimes invented independently.

For example, among Soviet students, ironically and critically inclined towards any and all traditions, both religious and secular, including the “new Soviet” ones imposed on them by the state, many rituals were born related to passing the exam. Let’s name just a few: “catching a freebie” with a student record book through the window, pulling out a ticket with your left hand, sleeping before an exam with a textbook under your pillow.

Similar examples can be found in almost every secular subculture, including those where, it would seem, functionality should be put at the forefront: in corporations, government agencies, and the army. Moreover, rituals necessarily exist, both “official” ones, imposed by the “tops,” and unofficial ones, which are created and “sacredly” observed (sometimes even despite the active opposition of the leadership!) in the “lower classes.”

Rigid rituals of secular people

Thus, if you look closely, it turns out that ritual is one of the most common and typical behavioral characteristics of a person, any person!

Moreover, secular people sometimes choose much more rigid forms and frameworks for their rituals than those with which they reproach their followers traditional religions. Suffice it to recall the army “hazing” or the no less humiliating and cruel rituals of “hazing”, widespread in American colleges and universities, of newly accepted members of “Greek” brotherhoods and sororities (“hazing” is an initiation ritual, often carried out in the form of orgies, ritual beatings (for example, flogging ) and other (sometimes very bizarre) bullying of newcomers).

Is ritual a legacy of paganism?

Without much difficulty one can draw a parallel between such traditions and primitive pagan rituals initiation, but it is unlikely to find any analogy in Christian rituals.

It is curious that when a person takes his first steps in the Church, he most often looks for more regulated standards of behavior than those actually given to Christians in accordance with Holy Tradition. Whole volumes have already been written about the neophyte “candle rules”, their abuse of “statutory” fasts, “obedience”, asking for blessings for every little thing (even brushing your teeth and wearing underwear!).

The situation is completely paradoxical, even to some extent comical: given the prevailing belief in the world that the Church imposes on its members too many unnecessary rituals, from which unchurched people are free, in fact the Church frees its children from many vain rituals outside world, contrary to constant attempts to excessively “ritualize” church life in accordance with the secular norms they have perceived since childhood!

Rituals of the Church

But what about the rituals that the Church establishes?

What is their fundamental difference from most rituals in the outside world? The answer is simple: they are distinguished by “formal informality.” There are home rituals (morning hygiene procedures, breakfast, lunch and dinner at certain times and with certain dishes, etc.) that we do not think about because they do not burden us. They are natural, but not because they are useful for us (we are so accustomed to them that we don’t think about their benefits at all). Usually these very rituals are taught to us by our parents from early childhood.

The Church establishes the same natural rituals, but related to the “hygiene” of our soul. The morning and evening rule, for example, can be compared to brushing your teeth or taking a shower; By reading prayers before eating, we seem to “wash our soul.” The Church itself, in one of its prayers, compares confession with a visit to a doctor: “Hearken now: since you came to the doctor’s office, lest you leave unhealed.” The worship service will correspond to solemn family events where the whole family gathers. Of course, as with any analogy, this family comparison should not be overused. But it shows what the attitude should be towards “formality” and ritual in the Church

Ritual – order versus freedom?

There are various kinds of formalities and duties that humiliate us and limit the freedom of our personality (bureaucratic formalities, customs inspection, etc.). Family formalities and responsibilities (decorating the Christmas tree, opening the summer season, looking for gifts for relatives, seating festive table in a certain order, etc.) do not limit us at all. We perceive them as a manifestation of order in the house. Without them we would feel discomfort.

It's the same in the Church. One of our new friends once admitted: “In the Church everything is like in the army. That’s what I like.” But he has not yet felt that the order in the Church is not the artificial and impersonal order of the troops lined up on the parade ground, and the parishioners at the service are not soldiers on parade. This is a quiet and cozy order in the House of a loving Father, and the parishioners are joyful, obedient, kind children at a family holiday.

An example of such a free, informal “formality” in the Church is the absence of rows of benches in the central part of the church, the presence of which would artificially order the worshipers both in space and in time (as is customary among Catholics and Protestants).

In our Orthodox churches, worshipers are not tied to one fixed place throughout the entire Divine service. If we observe from the side, we will notice that parishioners move from one icon to another, light candles, and may come up and ask something behind the candle box; Not all worshipers arrive exactly at the beginning of the service and not all stand at the service until the end. Even if you are rushing somewhere on business, you can stop by the church for a few minutes to pray in a calm, solemn atmosphere.

Rituals of love

A very special position in the lives of people belonging to any culture is occupied by rituals that could conventionally be called “rituals of love.” This includes “courtship etiquette” in the search for a marriage partner, and various kinds of traditions surrounding pregnancy and childbirth, and “generally accepted” norms of communication between parents and children, as well as various relatives.

Each of us can easily name many examples of such rituals from the life of those cultures and subcultures with which he is familiar: sometimes intricate, sometimes quite simple, sometimes rooted in ancient times, sometimes born just a few years ago. Some of these rituals may be common to entire nations, while others may be limited to one family.

But what is common to all of them is that their observance has an absolute priority; sometimes people can do crazy things and even risk their lives to follow one of these rituals (remember the deadly fishing for the sake of satisfying the “tug” of a pregnant wife by the hero of “Stormy Station” Chingiz Aitmatov or the anecdotal escapades of “heroes-lovers” in order to obtain a treasured bouquet for their beloved).

Friendship, like communication with people we like in general, also has its own rituals. For example, one of our Moscow acquaintances told us that for forty years he and his institute comrades went skiing every year on December 5 - this tradition survived the public holiday to which it originally owed its existence - Constitution Day. Of course, even here everyone can remember a lot of examples - traditional fishing, chess games, travel, walks, etc.

So, it turns out that in human behavior love, affection, and in general any close relationship with another person are carried out through constancy and predictability, that is, they are inevitably ritualized. Therefore, it is not at all strange, but, on the contrary, it is natural that the Divine service, in which each of us seeks unification with God and the God-man Jesus Christ, turns out to be a ritual.

Are all rituals magical?

Here it is necessary to make one important reservation in order to dispel a common misconception, which, alas, seeps even into serious scientific works on issues religious rituals. This misconception lies in the fact that, supposedly, there is no difference between the ritual rituals of a native shaman and the reading of the litany by an Orthodox priest, between sprinkling water “charmed against the evil eye” in everyday witchcraft rituals and holy water in Orthodox rituals.

Magic rituals have accompanied humanity from the dawn of civilization to the present day. Here, for example, is one of the simplest Babylonian magical rituals, which have come down to us on cuneiform tablets, it is at least three thousand years old: “To cut off the source of evil from human habitation, collect, finely grind and mix a seed (seven plants are named) in mountain honey... divide the mixture into three parts, and bury them under threshold of the gate, and with right side, and on the left side. Then illness, headache, insomnia and pestilence will not come near this person and his home for one year.” (based on the classic work of Henry Suggs (H. W. F. Saggs) “The Greatness That Was Babylon”).

And here is a modern recipe for removing damage from a home, found on the Internet while writing this article: “Take a faceted glass, pour half a glass of boiled water into it and put a handful of earth mixed with salt. The glass is placed on the left hand, and the right hand is moved over the glass with the words: “ Evil people, here is your house, and here is the threshold,” (say three times), then you need to throw out the entire contents of the glass on the threshold of your house, break the glass and throw it away.”

It is easy to see that there is no fundamental difference between these rituals; they could easily fit into the same magical collection - both today and several thousand years ago. And the reason is that fundamental principles Ritual magic has always been and remains the same: you perform a certain fixed set of actions and get the expected result.

Despite the fact that declarative magic is supposedly associated with some supernatural forces, in its essence it is rational and prosaic to the point of banality, and it is worth comparing it with an ordinary cookbook: you do this and that operation, and you get jellied meat or a cake as a result. If the recipe is good, then the more accurately you follow its instructions, the better the desired result will be, and vice versa, if you mix it up or don’t do something, you can end up in complete failure. And magic is most often directed precisely at some purely everyday, everyday needs.

Church rituals, on the other hand, most often do not pursue any specific utilitarian goals. The exceptions are “required services,” various kinds of prayers: for the health of the sick, for rain in a drought and other agricultural needs, etc.

But even in them, guaranteed achievement of results is by no means assumed. As part of any Orthodox Divine Service The prayer “Our Father” must be read or sung, in which there is an appeal to God “Thy will be done.”

Also often used as part of various divine services is the troparion “Have mercy on us, Lord, have mercy on us, bewildered by any answer, we offer this prayer to You as the Master of sin: have mercy on us.” Slavicism “bewildered by any answer” is translated as “without looking for any justification.” That is, when turning to God even with the most vital requests, we clearly realize that we cannot motivate or appease the Lord with ANYTHING, we do not have any “levers of pressure” on Him.

In addition, when conducting Orthodox services, formal, bookish instructions for one reason or another are almost never carried out literally, in their entirety. This is especially true for prayers: the same prayer service performed by different priests and in different circumstances can differ quite significantly. According to the logic of ritual magic, this is a complete absurdity: by deviating from the written instructions, the performer of the ritual dooms himself in advance to obvious failure.

Church ritual is NOT ritual magic, church ritual is not an attempt to “earn” salvation or some kind of favor from God. We are saved solely by the grace of God: almost every orthodox prayer contains the petition “Lord, have mercy,” this is the most frequently repeated phrase both during church services and in private prayer.

Rituals of worship

In the Old Testament, God gave his people a traditional and ritual order of worship. New Testament did not make any special changes to the principle of its implementation, Jesus did not teach the apostles any special liturgical innovations; on the contrary, both He Himself and his disciples took an active part in temple services and synagogue prayer. But, having made the Saving Sacrifice on the Cross, Christ placed Himself at the center of the rituals of the Church. And today these rituals of love, transmitted to the Church by the Holy Spirit through the apostles, are alive and well.

So, we observe a ritual in a certain way, not because it is “effective” in this way, but because we follow the church tradition, that is, ultimately, we do so out of obedience to Christ and His Church. And this is fundamentally important, because it turns out that God is worshiped in rituals that He Himself established. It is these “correct” rituals, and not any others, that are given to us by God as a means for opening the doors of our hearts, for building bridges connecting us with Him and with each other.

Professionals and amateurs... in faith?

The traditionality and churchliness of Orthodox rituals automatically means that they must be performed in the community of the Church and in a continuous historical perspective. If someone tries to create an independent Apostolic Church community and perform Divine services in it, then he will liken himself to a football fan who, going into the yard to knock on the wall or kick a ball with friends, dresses in the uniform of his favorite team bought at an auction and imagines that he is thereby becoming a professional football player. However, unlike sectarians, anyone who does this football fan understands that this is nothing more than fantasy.

Rituals among Orthodox and Protestants

Now let us return briefly to the question of free, improvised forms of Protestant worship, which, in the opinion of Protestants themselves, are so superior to our “empty, anachronistic, legalistic religion.”

The purpose of the Protestant service is to find divine joy and inspiration through good music and sermon. They go to the temple to learn something new about God. Orthodox Christians, feeling God in their hearts, go to God to worship Him whom they know directly. personal experience. The focus of the Orthodox service is the altar, the Protestant service is the pulpit. What is a sanctuary or chapel for Orthodox Christians is an auditorium for Protestants, where people are listeners. This is confirmed by the terminology that English language, for example, is used in appropriate cases.

The Protestant wants to be moved by the service. It is clear to him that for new inspiration one must constantly hear something new. Therefore, the task of the pastor and the choir is to give the congregation this new experience. Depending on their talent and skills, sometimes they succeed, sometimes they don’t, which leads to countless disappointments and migration from one faith or sect to another. We learned this from personal experience in America, living in places where the nearest Catholic church is an hour's drive away, and the nearest Orthodox church is 4 hours away.

In Orthodoxy, the perception of the Divine service does not depend on the skill of the preacher and the choir - precisely because of the ritualism and formality that we wrote about above. There is no concern whether the service will be meaningful. Of course, the perception of each of the individual parishioners is difficult to one degree or another due to inattention and sinfulness, but this is no longer a problem of the quality of the service as such. The Holy Spirit acts through the service itself, and not through those who perform it.

Of course, this is only true when the clergy and clergy follow established rules Orthodox worship. As long as the priest and choir follow the established order of service, they cannot, wittingly or unwittingly, do anything that would prevent the congregation from meeting God.

If they begin to deviate from this order, even for the most seemingly innocent and outwardly reasonable reasons, justifying the changes by concern for the convenience of parishioners, the inexperience of the choir and readers, the unsuitability of the premises, etc., the consequences can be the most catastrophic.

For example, in one of the Western European parishes, for decades there has been a practice of moving holidays, including even the most important ones, to Sunday, simplifying liturgical rites, changing texts, etc. and so on. The result that we were “lucky” to observe is this: they stopped attaching importance to the event of the Resurrection of Christ; the veneration of saints has completely disappeared (even such great ones as the apostles Peter and Paul, John the Baptist, etc.); parishioners, and some of them clergy, who regularly attend divine services every week for 5, 7 or more years during this time have not read a single line of the Gospel, do not know even the simplest prayers such as “Our Father”, “Virgin Mother of God”, “ to the Heavenly King,” they never confessed or received communion; Many parishioners do not even have a rudimentary understanding of Orthodoxy as a whole, as exemplified by the fact that they do not attend Liturgy for years, being sincerely convinced that instead it is enough to attend a shortened Vespers on Saturday evening.

Worship was not invented by men

Therefore, it is important not to forget that Church service is not an invention of people - and it is not for individuals to adjust it simply according to their whim. The liturgical services of the Church are the embodiment of Christ's instructions to His apostles regarding how we should worship Him. God Himself controls the acts of worship, God Himself proclaimed its order. He also established the words of prayers. Archimandrite Sophrony (Sakharov) in the book “Seeing God as He is” writes: ““Time to create the Lord, (Ps. 119:126) Master, bless.” These are the words the deacon addresses to the priest before the start of the Liturgy. The meaning of these words: “It is time for the Lord (Himself) to act.” So, LITURGY is first of all a Divine Act.” It is thanks to this that the Orthodox receive the inspiration that Protestants seek. The service is always good, the worship is always right, and whether we receive this inspiration depends only on ourselves.

Protestants, leaving church after a service, often ask themselves the question: “What did today’s service do for me personally, what did it give me?” The Orthodox are not concerned about such consumer issues at all. He feels the fullness of the Church within himself. Being professionals in the choir, for example, we know that at a certain service we made a lot of shortcomings, in some places the choir sang out of tune; the parishioners come up after the service and, full of happiness and joy, sincerely thank you for the service. In fact, they are not thanking us, but they themselves do not always realize it.

Purifying fire

We want to end this part with a quote from the book “Thirsting for God in a Land of Shallow Wells” by Matthew Gallatin, a former famous American evangelist who converted to Orthodoxy after more than 20 years of unsuccessful search for the true church in Protestantism:

“Liturgical worship as a cleansing fire. It never fades away. God shines brightly in him in all His glory. When I approach it, I am obliged to surrender myself to God who appears in it. I speak the words commanded by Him. I sing the songs He calls. I pray the prayers He has placed in me. What He wants, I must firmly hold on to. Whatever He wants, I must do. There is no place for caring about yourself or your own desires. What is this Divine service if not an opportunity for me to become like Christ?”

Read also:

Worship: Why talk about Christ beautifully?

Worship: why do we keep “the traditions of deep antiquity”?

Church connection

A person’s connection with the church can be manifested in a person’s internal appeal to God and in external actions. The latter include church rites and sacraments, holidays of veneration of saints and prayer services.

Church rituals in Orthodoxy differ from Protestant and Catholic rituals, although they have a lot in common. First of all, they are all the thread and material external link that connects man and God. The conduct of church rites in Orthodoxy accompanies the most significant events for a person: birth, baptism, wedding, funeral.

Worldly life and church rituals

Despite the modern pace of life, a certain technological development of civilization, the church and rituals continue to occupy an important place in human life. This is connected both with traditions that have developed over centuries, and with a person’s inner need for support from above, in faith in God’s justice and love.

The greatest interest among people is caused by church sacraments associated with baptism, wedding, communion, and funeral services. And although many rituals performed by temples are optional and do not have any civil or legal force, their necessity is felt by almost every adult.

The exception, perhaps, is baptism, when parents decide to give the child a spiritual name and the intercession of the Almighty for life. Many of those who were not baptized in childhood then independently come to the temple for God’s blessing and undergo the rite of baptism.

Conditional division of church rituals

All church rites can be divided into four groups: church liturgical rites, rites for the everyday needs of believers, symbolic rites and sacraments.

The latter include baptism, rites of communion in the Orthodox Church, anointing, wedding, and repentance. All of them are carried out in accordance with certain rules and requirements of the church.

Symbolic rites include making the sign of the cross over oneself, which accompanies prayers to God and saints, church services, and entering the temple.

Church rituals aimed at meeting the needs of believing parishioners include the consecration of food and water, housing, blessings for study, travel, and fasting.

Temple church rituals include liturgical events.

Great Church Sacraments: Baptism

The rite of baptism of a child can be performed after the fortieth day from the moment of his birth. To carry out the ceremony, godparents are required, who are chosen from close people. Their responsibilities include spiritual guidance to the godson and his support in life. The mother of the child is not allowed to attend the sacrament of baptism.

During the ceremony, the child is in a new baptismal shirt in the arms of the godparents, who pray and make the sign of the blessing together with the priest. According to tradition, the child is dipped into the blessed font three times and carried around the font three times. The strands of hair cut off during the ritual are a symbol of submission to the Savior. At the end, the boys are brought behind the altar, and the girls are leaned against the face of the Virgin Mary.

It is believed that baptism gives a person a second birth, provides him with God’s help and support in difficult times, and protects him from sins and troubles.

Great sacraments of the church: communion

It is believed that communion in church frees a person from committed sins and grants him God's forgiveness. The rite of communion precedes the wedding rite, but it also needs some preparation.

About a week before the rite of communion, it is necessary to attend church if possible. On the day of the sacrament, you need to defend the morning service in full. When preparing for communion, you must adhere to the same rules as when fasting. That is, abstain from food of animal origin, alcoholic beverages, entertainment and idle talk.

On the day of the rite of communion, before the start of the Divine Liturgy, you must confess to the priest. The communion itself is held at the end of the service, when everyone who wants to perform the ceremony takes turns approaching the pulpit, on which the clergyman holds the cup. You must kiss the cup and step aside, where everyone will be given holy water and wine.

The arms should be folded crosswise on the chest. On the day of communion, you should also adhere to strict rules: do not sin even in your thoughts, do not have fun, and abstain from sinful food.

Great church sacraments: wedding

All church ceremonies differ not only in the specifics of their conduct, but also in their rules and requirements. In order to undergo a wedding ceremony, you must first officially register the relationship in the registry office. A priest can perform a wedding ceremony only if he has an official marriage certificate.

An obstacle to the ceremony may be a different religion of one of the young people, an undissolved marriage with another person, blood relationship, or a vow of celibacy given in the past. Weddings are not held on great church holidays, during weeks and strict fasts, and special days of the week.

During the ceremony, grooms stand behind the newlyweds and hold crowns over the couple. All women present at the sacrament must have their heads covered. During the wedding ceremony, the bride touches the Face of the Mother of God, and the groom touches the Face of the Savior.

It is believed that the wedding ceremony protects the marriage from destruction from the outside, gives the couple God's blessing and help from the Almighty in difficult moments of life, and helps maintain love and respect for each other.

In addition to external beauty and solemnity, which are characteristic of all church rites, they give peace to a person’s soul and relieve him of the feeling of loneliness and internal torment. Their main advantage is that they force a person to look inside himself, clear his mind of bad thoughts, and gain true life values.

In ancient Rus' there was a close connection and interaction between the church and home life our ancestors. Orthodox people great attention was paid not only to what was prepared for lunch, but also to how it was prepared. They did this with constant prayer, in a peaceful state of mind and with good thoughts. And they also paid special attention to the church calendar - they looked at what day it was - fasting or fasting.

The rules were observed especially strictly in monasteries.

The ancient Russian monasteries owned vast estates and lands, had the most comfortable farms, which gave them the means to make extensive food supplies, which in turn gave them abundant means for the wide hospitality bequeathed to the inhabitants by their holy founders.

But the matter of receiving strangers in monasteries was subordinated to both the general church and private statutes of each monastery, that is, one food was offered to the brethren, servants, wanderers and beggars on holidays and feeding days (commemorated for depositors and benefactors) days, another on weekdays; one - on fast days, the other - on fast days and on fasts: Great, Nativity, Assumption and Petrovka - all this was strictly determined by the statutes, which were also distinguished by place and means.

Nowadays, not all the provisions of the church charter, which were oriented primarily at monasteries and clergy, can be applied in Everyday life. However, an Orthodox person needs to learn some rules, which are mentioned above.

First of all, before you start preparing food, you must pray to God.

What does it mean to pray to God? To pray to God means to glorify, thank and ask Him for the forgiveness of your sins and your needs. Prayer is the reverent striving of the human soul towards God.

Why do you need to pray to God? God is our Creator and Father. He cares about us all more than any child-loving father and gives us all the blessings in life. By him we live, move and have our being; that is why we must pray to Him.

How do we pray? We sometimes pray internally - with our mind and heart; but since each of us consists of a soul and a body, for the most part we say the prayer out loud, and also accompany it with some visible signs and bodily actions: the sign of the cross, a bow to the waist, and for the strongest expression of our reverent feelings for God and deep humility We kneel before Him and bow to the ground.

When should you pray? You should pray at all times, without ceasing.

When is it especially appropriate to pray? In the morning, upon awakening from sleep, to thank God for keeping us through the night and asking for His blessings on the coming day. When starting a business - to ask for God's help. At the end of the case - to thank God for help and success in the case. Before lunch - so that God will bless us with food for health. After lunch - to thank God who feeds us. In the evening, before going to bed, to thank God for the day and ask Him for forgiveness of our sins, for a peaceful and serene sleep. For all cases, special prayers are prescribed by the Orthodox Church.

Prayer before eating food:

Our Father... or: The eyes of all trust in You, O Lord, and You give them food in good season, You open Your generous hand and fulfill every animal good will.

On Thea - on You. They hope - they turn with hope. In good time - in due time. If you open it, you open it. Animal - Living being, everything living. Favor - good disposition towards someone, mercy.

What do we ask of God in this prayer? In this prayer we ask that God bless us with food and drink for health.

What is under the hand of the Lord? The hand of the Lord is of course here giving us good things.

What does it mean to do every kindness to animals? These words mean that the Lord cares not only about people, but also about animals, birds, fish, and in general about all living things.

Prayer after lunch and dinner:

We thank Thee, Christ our God, for Thou hast filled us with Thy earthly blessings; Do not deprive us of Your Heavenly Kingdom, but as You came among Your disciples, Savior, give them peace, come to us and save us. Amen.

Earthly goods are everything necessary for earthly life, for example, food and drink.

What are we praying for in this prayer? In this prayer, we thank God for satisfying us with food and drink, and we ask that He not deprive us of His Heavenly Kingdom.

These prayers should be read standing, facing the icon, which must certainly be in the kitchen, out loud or silently, making the sign of the cross at the beginning and end of the prayer. If several people are sitting at the table, the oldest person reads the prayer out loud.

What can be said about someone who crosses himself incorrectly and carelessly during prayer or is ashamed to cross himself? Such a person does not want to confess his faith in God; Jesus Christ Himself will be ashamed of him Last Judgment His own (Mark 8:38)

How should one be baptized? To make the sign of the cross, the first three fingers right hand- thumb, index and middle - put together; We bend the last two fingers - the ring and little fingers - to the palm. We place the fingers folded in this way on the forehead, on the stomach, on the right and left shoulder.

What do we express by folding our fingers like this? By putting the first three fingers together we express the belief that God is One in Essence, but threefold in Persons. The two bent fingers show our faith that in Jesus Christ, the Son of God, there are two natures: Divine and human. By depicting a cross on ourselves with folded fingers, we show that we are saved by faith in Jesus Christ crucified on the Cross.

Why do we sign the cross on our forehead, stomach and shoulders? To enlighten the mind, heart and strengthen strength.

May be, to modern man It will seem strange or even fantastic to say that the taste of dinner can depend on prayer or mood. However, in the Lives of the Saints there is a very convincing story on this topic.

One day, Prince Izyaslav of Kiev came to the monastery to visit Saint Theodisius of Pechersk (who reposed in 1074) and stayed to dine. On the table there was only black bread, water and vegetables, but these simple dishes seemed sweeter to the prince than overseas dishes.

Izyaslav asked Theodosius why the monastery meal seemed so tasty. To which the monk replied:

“Prince, our brethren, when they cook food or bake bread, first they take a blessing from the abbot, then they make three bows in front of the altar, light a candle from a lamp in front of the icon of the Savior, and with this candle they light a fire in the kitchen and bakery. When it is necessary to pour water into the cauldron, the minister also asks the elder for a blessing for this. Thus, everything is done with blessing. Your servants begin every task with grumbling and annoyance at each other. And where there is sin, there can be no pleasure. In addition, your courtyard managers often beat the servants for the slightest offense, and the tears of the offended add bitterness to the food, no matter how expensive they are.”

The Church does not give any special recommendations regarding food intake, but you cannot eat before the morning service, and even more so before communion. This prohibition exists so that the body, burdened with food, does not distract the soul from prayer and communion.

What is the Sacrament of Communion? The fact is that a Christian accepts the true Body of Christ under the guise of bread, and the true Blood of Christ under the guise of wine for union with the Lord Jesus Christ and for eternal blissful life with Him (John 6:54-56).

How should one prepare for Holy Communion? Anyone who wishes to partake of the Holy Mysteries of Christ must first fast, i.e. fast, pray more in church and at home, make peace with everyone and then confess.

Should you take communion often? One should receive communion as often as possible, at least once a month and necessarily during all fasts (Great, Nativity, Assumption and Petrov); otherwise it is unfair to be called an Orthodox Christian.

During what church service is the Sacrament of Communion celebrated? Behind Divine Liturgy, or mass, which is why this service is considered more important than other church services, for example, Vespers, Matins and others.

In liturgical practice, the Russian Orthodox Church uses the Typikon. Typikon, or Charter, is a liturgical book containing detailed instructions: on what days and hours, at what divine services and in what order the prayers contained in the Service Book, Book of Hours, Octoechos and other liturgical books should be read or sung. The Typikon also pays great attention to the food eaten by believers.

How to behave in the Temple of God.

Church is a special, sacred place. That is why you should know and strictly follow the rules of behavior in it. This is especially true for people who rarely visit churches and are not very often present at services. Before you go to Holy place, you need to learn and remember how to behave correctly in church. Needless to say, you should be wearing a cross and appropriate clothing. Mobile phone It’s better to leave it at home, or, as a last resort, turn it off while visiting the temple.

When visiting church, you must observe the following rules:

Enter the Holy Temple with spiritual joy, filled with humility and meekness.

Always come to the Holy Temple at the beginning of the service.

During the service, try not to walk around the Temple.

If you come with children, make sure they behave modestly and teach them to pray.

Men are not allowed to wear a headdress in the temple.

Women must enter the Temple modestly dressed and with their heads covered. For Orthodox Christian clothing, there is a rule - the head, shoulders and knees are covered. It is unacceptable to receive communion and venerate holy objects with painted lips.

If, standing in the Church, we think that we are in heaven, then the Lord will fulfill all our requests.

You must remain in the church until the end of the service. You can leave ahead of time only due to weakness or serious necessity.

About the need to visit the Temple of God.

Our Lord Jesus Christ, who came to earth for our salvation, founded the Church, where he is invisibly present to this day, giving us everything we need for eternal life, where “the Heavenly Powers serve invisibly,” as it is said in Orthodox hymns. “Where two or three are gathered in My name, there I am in the midst of them” (Gospel of Matthew, chapter 18, verse 20), He said to His disciples, the apostles, and to all of us who believe in Him. Therefore, those who rarely visit the temple of God lose a lot. Parents who do not care about their children attending church sin even more. Remember the words of the Savior: “Let the little children come and do not hinder them from coming to Me, for of such is the Kingdom of Heaven” (Gospel of Matthew, chapter 19, verse 14).

“Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God” (Gospel of Matthew, chapter 4, verse 4), the Savior tells us. Spiritual food is just as necessary for the human soul as bodily food is for maintaining bodily strength. And where will a Christian hear the word of God, if not in church, where the Lord Himself invisibly instructs those gathered in His name? Whose doctrine is preached in the church? The teaching of the prophets and apostles, who spoke under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit, the teaching of the Savior Himself, Who is true Wisdom, true Life, the true Path, the true Light, enlightening every person coming into the world.

Church - Heaven on earth; The worship performed in it is an angelic work. According to the teachings of the Church, when visiting the temple of God, Christians receive a blessing that contributes to success in all their good endeavors. “When you hear the ringing of a church bell, calling everyone to prayer, and your conscience tells you: let’s go to the house of the Lord, then, if you can, put everything aside and hurry to the Church of God,” advises St. Theophan the Recluse. - Know that your guardian angel is calling you under the roof of the house of God; It is he, the celestial being, who reminds you of earthly Heaven, in order to sanctify your soul there with the grace of Christ, in order to sweeten your heart with heavenly consolation, but who knows? “Perhaps he is calling there also in order to take you away from temptation, which you cannot avoid if you stay at home, or to shelter you under the canopy of the temple of God from great danger...”

What does a Christian learn in church? Heavenly wisdom, which was brought to earth by the Son of God - Jesus Christ! Here he learns the details of the Savior’s life, becomes acquainted with the lives and teachings of the saints of God, and takes part in church prayer. And the congregational prayer of believers is great power!

The prayer of one righteous person can do a lot - there are many examples of this in history, but the fervent prayer of those gathered in the house of God brings even greater fruit. When the apostles were expecting the coming of the Holy Spirit according to the promise of Christ, they remained with Mother of God in the Upper Room of Zion in unanimous prayer. Gathering in the temple of God, we expect that the Holy Spirit will descend on us. This is what happens... unless we put up obstacles ourselves.

For example, a lack of openness of heart prevents parishioners from uniting in temple prayer. In our time, this often happens because believers do not behave in the temple of God in the way required by the holiness and greatness of the place. Therefore, it is necessary to know how the temple is structured and how to behave in it.

RULE OF THE REVEREND SERAPHIM OF SAROV FOR THE LAYS.

This rule is intended for lay people who, for various reasons, do not have the opportunity to perform the required prayers (evening and morning rules). Prayer Venerable Seraphim Sarovsky considered it as necessary for life as air. He asked and demanded from his spiritual children that they pray unceasingly, and commanded them prayer rule, now known as the Rule of St. Seraphim.

Having awakened from sleep and stood in the chosen place, everyone must read that saving prayer that the Lord Himself conveyed to people, i.e., Our Father (three times), then the Virgin Mary, Rejoice (three times), and, finally, the Creed once. Having completed this morning rule, let every Christian go to his work and, while doing it at home or on the road, should read quietly to himself: Lord Jesus Christ, Son of God, have mercy on me a sinner. If there are people around, then, while doing something, say only with your mind: Lord, have mercy, and so continue until lunch. Before lunch, do the same morning rule.

After dinner, while doing his job, everyone should read quietly: Most Holy Theotokos, save me a sinner, which continues until nightfall.

Whenever you happen to spend time in solitude, you need to read: Lord Jesus Christ, Mother of God, have mercy on me, a sinner. And when going to bed at night, every Christian must repeat the morning rule and after it, with the sign of the cross, let him fall asleep

At the same time, the holy elder said, pointing to the experience of the holy fathers, that if a Christian adheres to this small rule, like a saving anchor among the waves of worldly vanity, humbly fulfilling it, he can achieve a high spiritual measure, for these prayers are the foundation of a Christian: first - as the word of the Lord Himself and set by Him as a model for all prayers, the second one was brought from heaven by the Archangel in greeting Holy Virgin, Mother of the Lord. And the Creed contains all the dogmas Orthodox faith. He who has time, let him read. Gospel, Apostle, other prayers, akathists, canons. If it is impossible for anyone to follow this rule, then the wise old man advised to follow this rule both while lying down, and on the way, and in action, remembering the words of Scripture: Whoever calls on the name of the Lord will be saved (Acts 2:21; Rom. 10 ,13).

There are seven sacraments established in the Orthodox Church. They are called sacraments church prayers and sacred actions, when, under the visible action of a priest over a person, through the prayer of the Church, the power of the Holy Spirit acts invisibly, secretly.
Sacraments: BAPTISM, CONFIRMATION, COMMUNION, or EUCHARIST, REPENTANCE (Confession), Anointing (unction), PRIESTHOOD, MARRIAGE (Wedding).
Ancient customs are being revived. Now in Rus' children are being baptized again and getting married in church.

BAPTISM

The first sacrament in the life of a Christian is baptism. The Church believes that the Holy Spirit gives us new spiritual life. Only after the sacrament of baptism are we called Christians.
The oldest Russian chronicle says that in the spring of 988 the entire population of the city of Kyiv was solemnly baptized in the waters of the Dnieper River. Prince Vladimir ordered to gather all the people of Kiev, he himself invited “everyone who is his friend” to come, and since Prince Vladimir was loved, a lot of people came to the banks of the Dnieper. Adults entered the water holding children in their arms, priests stood on the shore, read prayers, and gave names to those being baptized. Prince Vladimir prayed and thanked God for the enlightenment of his people. Those gathered accepted the faith that their beloved prince accepted.
Through the sacrament of baptism, “in our earthly life we ​​enter the Church of Christ. Just as in the act of a person’s physical birth he is given everything for his subsequent life, so in his spiritual birth he is immediately given everything that must subsequently unfold in the formation of life in Christ.
During the sacrament of baptism, the name of the person is named, which is entrusted to the patronage of the saint named after him. This act of spiritual birth is accomplished in the sacrament of holy baptism, commanded by the Lord,” the church teaches.
At baptism, God gives every Christian a Guardian Angel, who invisibly protects a person throughout his earthly life from troubles and misfortunes, warns against sins, protects him in the terrible hour of death, and does not leave him after death either.
The ritual of baptism in water existed long before the birth of Christ; it meant that by plunging into water, a person is cleansed of his sins and returns to a clean, new life.
Usually baptizes very young children. When this sacrament is performed, the godparents with the baby being baptized and with lighted candles stand at the font and confess their faith. Then the priest sanctifies the water and dips the baby into it three times, saying: “The servant of God (name is called) is baptized in the name of the Father, amen. And the Son, amen. And the Holy Spirit, amen." The priest reads prayers. And from this time on, man seems to die for bad life and rises to new life with Christ. As we see, at baptism a person receives his name in honor of the saint. This saint becomes his heavenly friend and patron. Every Christian should remember the day of remembrance of the saint whose name he bears; this day is called “name day” or “angel day”. Then a cross is placed around his neck, which he carefully protects and wears throughout his life.

CONFIRMATION

Usually, together with baptism, confirmation is performed. The baby also needs spiritual strength, which he receives in the sacrament of confirmation. The rite is also carried out by a priest who anoints the forehead, eyes, ears, mouth, nostrils, chest, arms and legs with a special oil consecrated by the bishop - holy myrrh - in a cross pattern, each time with the words: “Seal of the gift of the Holy Spirit. Amen". Through this sacrament, the Holy Spirit dwells in the soul of the newly baptized and gives him new spiritual strength.
After baptism and anointing with holy myrrh, the baby is carried three times, following the priest, around the font.
Jesus Christ did not baptize anyone, but He bequeathed to His disciples: “Go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit.” (Gospel of Matthew, ch. 28, v. 19.)

WEDDING

A wedding is a religious ceremony that takes place when Christians marry. The wedding ceremony consists of the betrothal and the wedding itself. Until 1775, betrothal was separated from wedding by a significant period of time. Subsequently, betrothal and wedding were ordered to take place at the same time.
The Church views marriage as a sacrament in which a man and woman are blessed when they become husband and wife. In the Russian Orthodox Church, wedding is considered the only form of marriage. During a wedding, the absolute presence of the bride and groom is required. The essential point was the expression by the bride and groom of consent to married life and the desire to get married. It is first determined whether there are any obstacles to marriage; The clarification should take place in the temple.
During the betrothal, the priest, while performing prayers, asks the bride and groom about their voluntary consent to get married and puts on the rings consecrated to them. The ritual of the sacrament of marriage consists of the bride and groom exchanging rings.
And at the wedding: the priest will ask: “Didn’t you promise to another?”, “Didn’t you promise to someone else?”, then, blessing them three times, he calls on God’s blessing on them and circles them three times around the lectern*.
During the ceremony, the bride and groom stand with lit candles in their hands and crowns are held above their heads.
You can’t live without faith; it’s scary to think that your loved one will suddenly change, betray, or leave. Young people should believe that good is stronger than evil, and a wedding gives them confidence that they will live peacefully and happily throughout their lives. And young people usually leave the church in the hope that the family will be strong: God is with them, and he is merciful.
The wedding ceremony is solemn, beautiful, mysterious.
Marriages are not celebrated during the Great, Assumption, Petrov and Rozhdestven fasts; on the eve of Wednesday and Friday throughout the year (Tuesday and Thursday), Sundays (Saturday), twelve days, temple and great holidays; in continuation of Christmastide, during the wet week (Maslenitsa), starting from Meat Week, on Cheese Week; during Easter (Light) Week; on the days and on the eve of the Beheading of John the Baptist - September 11 (August 29, old style) and the Exaltation of the Holy Cross on September 27 (September 14, old style).

COMMUNION

Communion is the most important of the Christian sacraments, established by Jesus Christ himself.
In apostolic times, the liturgy was celebrated daily and all those present necessarily received communion at each liturgy. Now this is impossible, so the church has established that we begin the sacrament at least once a year, but due to the fact that communion is the spiritual nourishment of our soul, the church recommends communion at least four times a year, possibly more often. All its members are allowed to take communion after “due preparation by fasting and repentance.” Communion must take place before eating. Before communion you can neither eat nor drink. This sacrament is performed during the liturgy or mass. Bread and wine are sacrificed to the Lord, they are blessed with the invocation of the Holy Spirit and are invisibly transformed into the Body and Blood of Jesus Christ. The priest gives these Holy Gifts to the communicants with the words: “The servant of God (says the name) partakes of the honest and holy Body and Blood of the Lord and God and our Savior Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins and eternal life.” One must approach the Holy Chalice with great reverence and bow to the ground, repeating the words of the prayer after the priest; Having received communion, kiss the Chalice and step aside, where warm wine and pieces of prosphyra are prepared on the table to wash down the communion.
Communion of the sick is a special type of teaching the sacrament to people who, due to serious illness, cannot be in church and participate in its reception. The Church sends “holy gifts” to the sick at home. Usually the “holy gifts” are prepared on Maundy Thursday, but they can be prepared at any other time.

REPENTANCE

Repentance is one of the seven sacraments established by Jesus Christ himself.
In apostolic times, there were two types of repentance: secret - before the priest, and open, public - before the entire church community.
In the Orthodox Church, it is customary that a believer confesses at least once a year, usually during Lent, but also preferably during the other three fasts: Christmas, Petrovsky, and Assumption.
A believer, preparing for repentance, must remember everything he has sinned against God and his neighbors, and ask for forgiveness from everyone he has offended. The confessor approaches the priest, who stands in front of the lectern on which lies the Gospel and the Cross, since the believer will speak about his sins to the Lord Himself, and the priest is only a listening witness. Having told everything, the confessor kneels down, and the priest places an epitrachelion on his head - a long wide ribbon that the priest wears while performing divine services - and reads a prayer in which, in the name and authority of the Lord Jesus Christ, he forgives his sins.
The priest is obliged to keep confession secret, otherwise he is deprived of his rank, except for those confessions that are directed “against the Sovereign and public order.” A priest does not have the right to confess to several people at once, even minors.
During repentance, the confessor is invisibly freed from all sins by Jesus Christ himself, after which he becomes innocent and sacred, as after baptism. In this case, sincere heartfelt repentance and a firm intention to correct one’s life, faith in Jesus Christ and hope in his mercy are required.
The Gospel understands repentance not just as repentance, but also as rebirth, a complete change of being.

ANOINTING

The Blessing of Anointing is one of the seven sacraments that is performed on the sick, in which “sins are forgiven by invisible grace and illnesses of the soul and body are alleviated and healed.”
The Blessing of Oil can only be performed on a sick person who has not yet lost consciousness, after preparation through repentance; it cannot be performed on infants. The Blessing of Oil can be repeated over the same person, but not during the same illness.
According to the teachings of the Orthodox Church, the blessing of oil “serves as a spiritual medicine for bodily ailments, as well as granting the sick person remission of those sins for which he did not have time to repent.”
The substance used for the consecration of oil is ordinary olive oil with the addition of a certain amount of wine; It is supposed to be performed by a council of seven priests, but if necessary, it is allowed to be performed by one priest.

REMEMBRANCE OF THE DEAD

Not to forget relatives and friends who have left us - this is our “life-giving shrine.” A. S. Pushkin wrote:

Two wonderful feelings are close to us,
The heart finds food in them:
Love for the native ashes,
Love for fathers' coffins.
Life-giving shrine!
The earth would be dead without them...

A person dies, and we usually celebrate the memory of the deceased on the 3rd, 9th and 40th day after his departure from worldly life.
What do these days mean and why do people usually commemorate the deceased?
Hegumen Sergius explains to us this way:
“The forty-day period is very significant in the tradition of the Church as the time necessary to receive the gracious help of the Heavenly Father.
For two days, the soul, together with the Angels who are with it, is allowed to walk on the earth wherever it wants. Therefore, the soul that loves the body sometimes wanders around the house in which it was separated from the body, sometimes around the coffin in which the body is laid, and thus spends two days, like a bird, looking for a nest for itself. On the third day, the Lord commands every Christian soul to ascend to heaven.
After worshiping God, He is commanded to show the soul the various pleasant abodes of saints and the beauty of paradise. The soul considers all this for six days, marveling and glorifying God. But if she is guilty of sins, then at the sight of the pleasures of the saints she begins to grieve and reproach herself. Upon consideration, in continuation of six
days of all the joy of the righteous, she is lifted up by the Angels to worship God.
After the secondary worship, the Lord of all commands to take the soul to hell and show it the different compartments of hell, in which, while being, the souls of sinners incessantly weep and gnashing their teeth. By sim various places The soul endures torment for thirty days, trembling, so as not to be condemned to imprisonment in it.
On the fortieth day, she again ascends to worship God, and then the Judge determines the place of imprisonment appropriate for her based on her deeds.”
So, the Church does the right thing by making commemorations of the departed on the 3rd, 9th and 40th day.
Days of special remembrance of the dead:
Meat Saturday, Saturday of the 2nd week of Great Lent, Saturday of the 3rd week of Great Lent, Radonitsa - Tuesday of the second week of Easter (Fomina week),
Saturday Trinity,
Saturday Dmitrievskaya (November).

REMEMBER'S SERVICE

A memorial service is a service for the dead.
A memorial service is performed for the deceased - not yet buried, then - on the 3rd, 9th and 40th days after death, on the day of his birth, namesake and death.
The Orthodox Church believes that thanks to its prayers, dead sinners can receive relief or liberation from afterlife torment. According to Christian belief, the church has established a series of prayers for the “rest” of the dead and for the granting of “the mercy of God and the kingdom of heaven” to them. Farewell to the afterlife through the prayers of the church is possible as a daily commemoration of the deceased, annual, even eternal.
In addition to memorial services for each individual deceased, the church holds general, or universal, memorial services at certain times. Ecumenical funeral services are performed on Meat Saturday, Trinity Saturday, Demetrius Saturday and Saturday of the second, third and fourth weeks of Great Lent.

POSTS

From gluttony - cruelty of the heart,
sleep, laziness, verbosity, laughter...
Fasting is purity for prayer, a luminary for the soul,
preserved the mind, petrified ruin, sleep
lightness, health to the body.
John Climacus

Like many other Christian customs, fasting came to us from hoary antiquity. Fasting existed in the Old Testament. Posts - establishment christian church, which has the goal of promoting the dominance of spiritual and moral aspirations over the sensual in a Christian. To fast means not to eat light foods (dairy and meat foods), to fast means to fast, to fast, to fast, that is, to observe a number of food prohibitions and other restrictions. Fasting is based on the example of Jesus Christ, who fasted for forty days in the desert. Fasting came to Russia along with Christianity, and this is where the special respect for Fasting that previously existed in the Russian Church and among the Russian people originates.
In the past, government legislation in the East and West favored fasting. During the days of Lent, all kinds of spectacles, baths, games were closed, the meat trade stopped, shops were closed, except for those selling essential items, acts of worship were timed to coincide with this time, even slave owners freed slaves from work, and some were set free.
For many centuries, people have seen great benefits in short-term fasting. Doctors who studied the experiences of our ancestors (fasting, diets) confirm the beneficial effects of fasting and lean food on the human body: evidence of this is also the fact that our ancestors were strong, healthy and strong people.
And people say: “They don’t die from fasting, but from gluttony,” “What a person eats, that’s what he is,” “No one dies from fasting,” “Lent will pin its tail on everyone,” “Lent is tied in like a knot.” “,” “Fasting is not a bridge, you can’t go around it,” “Whoever fasts all four fasts, all four Evangelists are for him,” and they joked: “We fast all the fasts, but we are no good.”
But the fasts were strictly observed. Even the famous Pythagoras initiated his students into the secrets of his philosophy only after they had undergone a course of fasting. Confession (repentance for mistakes, delusions, sins) is always preceded by fasting.
Fasts of the Orthodox Church are divided into multi-day and one-day fasts.
Multi-day: Christmas (or Filippov), Great Lent, Peter's Fast, Assumption Fast.
The people noticed that “The cold fast (Rozhdestvensky), the hungry fast (Petrovsky), the Great Lent and the post-gourmet fast (Uspensky).
Christmas post. It is also called “Holy Pentecost”, because it lasts forty days - from November 28 to January 6 - and precedes the Nativity of Christ. Another name for it is “Filippovsky fast”, in common parlance - Filippovka, since on the day of its beginning, November 27, the memory of the Holy Apostle Philip is celebrated. According to the rules of abstinence, he approaches the apostolic fast - Peter's fast. Its severity intensifies from January 2, that is, on the days of the pre-celebration of the Nativity of Christ, and reaches its highest degree on the last day, Christmas Eve. On this day, the fast is kept until the evening star.
Great Lent. Lent begins on Monday, the day after the end of Maslenitsa - the Maslenitsa fast - and lasts seven pre-Easter weeks, ending on Saturday Holy Week, on the eve of Easter. Maslenitsa is the week before Lent.
The essence of Lent is that... Orthodox Christians, through fasting, that is, abstinence in food, drinks, special fasting prayer and repentance, prepare for the celebration of the Bright Resurrection of Christ - Easter.
A particularly strict fast must be observed in the first and last weeks of Lent, when dry eating is blessed, and some Christians do not eat food for one to three days. By this time, winter had already pretty much picked up everything, especially meat supplies, and we had to “fast.” The transition to fasting takes place gradually: Maslenitsa was preceded by weeks that bore the names of omnivorous (solid) and variegated, and Maslenitsa itself was also called cheese week: they ate modest foods, but did not touch meat. Fish was eaten only on Annunciation and Palm Sunday.
Petrov post. The fast of the apostles Peter and Paul, called Petrov, or apostolic. Peter's Fast follows the Church calendar following Trinity, begins on the first Monday after Spiritual Day - 50 days after Easter - and ends on July 11 (June 28, old style), on the eve of the day of the apostles Peter and Paul.
Assumption Fast. Fasting in honor of the Assumption Holy Mother of God begins on August 14, ends on the eve of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary on August 27 (August 14, old style). People called him mistresses. In terms of the severity of fasting, it approaches Lent; it is relaxed on Saturdays and Sundays, as well as on the Feast of the Transfiguration of the Lord.
One-day. In addition to the main fasts, they fasted on Wednesdays and Fridays throughout the year. We did not fast on Bright Week (the week after Easter); on the week of Pentecost; on Christmastide (from the Nativity of Christ to Epiphany, except Epiphany Christmas Eve); V cheese week.
The fasts prescribed by religion not only restore health, but also contribute to spiritual and moral purification. Fasting, according to church ministers, is a test of believers in steadfastness against temptation, in patience and humility, pleasing to God. And now the church pays attention not so much to abstinence from food, but to spiritual abstinence: overcoming one’s own weaknesses, vanity, arrogance, arrogance, and various temptations.
It is necessary to refrain from any kind of entertainment, parties, dancing, telling jokes, foul language, etc. “He who believes that fasting consists of abstaining from food is mistaken. True fasting is moving away from evil, curbing the tongue, putting aside anger, taming honor, stopping slander, lies, perjury” (John Chrysostom).
But sometimes, in ancient times, Christian fasting included complete abstinence from food for several weeks (about forty days). Today it is known that these are the maximum periods of physiological fasting. According to legend, two thousand years ago Jesus Christ convinced those suffering of the need to resort to cleansing the body of sins and diseases through fasting: “During fasting, avoid the sons of men, but return to the company of the Angels of your Mother Earth... Look for clean air in the forest and in the field... The angel of the air will expel from your body all the impurities that have defiled it outside and inside.” It was believed that fasting and abstinence are recipes for spiritual and physical health.
According to Christ, there are two more Angels who help a person heal during fasting: the Angel of water and the Angel of sunlight.
The philosophy of Christian fasting is still relevant today.
So, in Orthodox church calendar about two hundred days are occupied by fasts, and observing them was the duty of every believer, except for the sick, women in labor and children.

TEN BIBLE COMMANDMENTS

Observing Religious holidays, we must not forget about the ten biblical commandments spoken by God to Moses. The Lord showed him his will. The voice of God, like peals of thunder, was heard by the people who were at the foot of Mount Sinai.
1st commandment:
“I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of slavery.” May you have no other gods before me.
2nd commandment:
- Do not make for yourself an idol or any image of anything that is in the sky above, that is on the earth below, or that is in the water below the earth - do not worship them or serve them...
3rd commandment:
- Do not take the name of the Lord your God in vain; for the Lord will not leave without punishment the one who takes His name in vain.
4th commandment:
- Remember the Sabbath day to keep it holy. For six days you shall work and do all your work, but the seventh day is the Sabbath for the Lord your God... For in six days the Lord created heaven and earth, the sea and all that is in them, and rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and sanctified it.
5th commandment:
“Honor your father and your mother, so that your days may be long in the land that the Lord your God is giving you.”
6th commandment:
- Dont kill.
7th commandment:
- Don't commit adultery.
8th commandment:
- Don't steal.
9th commandment:
- Do not bear false witness against your neighbor.
10th commandment:
- Do not covet anything that your neighbor has; You shall not covet your neighbor’s wife, nor his male servant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his donkey, nor anything that is your neighbor’s.
These ten commandments are based on two great principles: the first four commandments are love of God, the next six commandments are love of neighbor.
Christian faith in Rus' - more than a thousand years, and, probably, it is impossible to separate religious culture from worldly, social culture. The two cultures have similar values ​​and following the commandments will undoubtedly contribute to the rebirth of Man.

* Lectern is a high table on which lies the “Gospel and the Cross.”

Bondarenko E.O. - Holidays of Christian Rus'.