In 2011, an application was sent to the UNESCO “Man and the Biosphere” program to assign the status of the Bashkir Ural biosphere reserve, prepared by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Institute of Biology of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Shulgan-Tash State Nature Reserve and the national park "Bashkiria".
In July 2012, the application was confirmed and the projected territory received the status of the Bashkir Ural complex biosphere reserve.
The biosphere reserve (BR) is located on the western macroslope Southern Urals within the mountain-forest zone of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The main part of the Bashkir Ural BR is slightly affected by anthropogenic changes and is part of five compactly located specially protected natural areas(SPNA) of federal and regional subordination – State Natural Reserve “Shulgan-Tash”, National Park"Bashkiria" Natural Park“Muradymovskoye Gorge”, natural zoological (entomological) reserve “Altyn Solok” and zoological reserve “Iksky” (for the protection of wildlife) (see map on page 3 of the cover). The eastern part of the BR is located at the junction of two large forest biomes - broad-leaved linden-maple-oak forests of the European type and light-coniferous and small-leaved hemiboreal grass forests of the Siberian type. The forest cover of the territory is about 90%. The mountain forests of river valleys and mountain steppes.
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karst bridge Kuperl NP Bashkiria
wild bee honey, Shulgan Tash Nature Reserve, Oleg Menkov
Muradymov Gorge
from Tirmentau, Shulgan Tash Nature Reserve, Oleg Menkov
descent into the cave Sumgan NP Bashkiria
The BR covers a wide variety of landscapes - gorges of mountain rivers, syrts with plateau-like peaks, ridges with steep slopes, floodplains and reservoirs. In the history of the study of Carboniferous deposits in the 20th century, the Bashkir stage was identified, which was included in the General stratigraphic scale of the Carboniferous system of the world. Various natural geological sections of the Bashkir stage are widespread on the territory of the BR, which are of great geological and geomorphological value.
A special feature of the BR is that karst processes are widely developed on its territory. There are 166 known caves, a number of them are unique on a global scale: the Shulgan-Tash cave (Kapovaya), Novomuradymovskaya cave, the largest failure in Europe - Sumgan. In addition to underground forms, surface forms of karst are developed - sinkholes, ponors, bridges, canyons, outcrops, and sinkhole lakes.
Weak anthropogenic influence, a variety of relief forms, a complex history of vegetation formation and the junction of two large forest biomes on the territory of the BR, as a result of which there is an interpenetration of the flora and fauna of Europe and Siberia, are the main reasons for the extremely high biological diversity.
Currently, more than 1650 are registered in the BR plant organisms. The flora is characterized by a wealth of endemic species (having a narrow local range), which indicates its great originality. To date, 34 endemic species of higher vascular plants have been identified. On the territory of the BR there are 63 rare species vascular plants included in the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The rarest of them (14 species) are also included in the Red Book Russian Federation.
2,157 species of animals have been identified on the territory of the BR, including 84 species listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 40 species in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, 177 species of animals in the Red List of Europe and the Berne Convention List. The BR includes two key ornithological territories of European significance: “Belsko-Nugush interfluve” (BS-008, RU208) and “Uryuk” (BS-009, RU209).
In the BR protected area, the gene pool of the Burzyan bee is protected and the unique folk craft of the Bashkirs - beekeeping - is being restored.
On the territory of the BR there are unique archaeological finds world significance and cultural and historical traditions of the Bashkir people. Their most striking manifestation is cosmogonic mythology, preserved in legends, the mythological cycle of epics and archaic rituals. The core of this complex is the cult of the Shulgan-Tash (Kapova) cave, preserved from the Stone Age to the present. In the four halls of the cave, about 190 images made with ocher, charcoal, and engraving were recorded, the age of which is 15-16 thousand years. In addition to Kapova Cave, there are a number of caves on the BR territory where drawings were discovered ancient man and archaeological artifacts.
At the meeting of the 24th session of the International Coordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere Program, which took place from July 9-13, 2012 in France (Paris), it was decided to include the Bashkir Ural biosphere reserve in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves UNESCO.
The total area of the biosphere reserve will be 345.7 thousand hectares (3457 km2). The complex biosphere reserve “Bashkir Urals” includes five already existing specially protected natural areas of federal and republican significance - State nature reserve“Shulgan-Tash”, National Park “Bashkiria”, Natural Park “Muradymovskoe Gorge”, Natural zoological reserves “Altyn Solok” and “Iksky”. The richest biodiversity has been identified on the territory of these specially protected natural areas. More than 2 thousand species of animals live here and 1.5 thousand species of plant organisms grow, of which 84 species are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, 40 species in the Red Book of the Russian Federation, in the International Union for Conservation of Nature, in the Red List of Europe, the Berne List convention - 177 species.The certificate of assignment of the status of the biosphere reserve "Bashkir Ural" was presented on December 6, 2012 to the President of the Republic of Bashkortostan R.Z. Khamitov Executive Secretary of the Commission of the Russian Federation for UNESCO G.E. Ordzhonikidze.
The leading goal of the development of the Bashkir Ural biosphere reserve is to become an environmental, scientific, information, cultural and educational center that promotes the development of non-exhaustive natural resources types of activities and the revival of national culture with the involvement of local communities in management. The primary task is to develop partnerships with the local community and model joint management of the territory. The success of performing the functions of a biosphere reserve can only be ensured with the participation of the authorities state power and local government, business and private enterprise structures, non-governmental organizations, as well as other land users.
To solve these problems, by Decree of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan dated April 12, 2013 No. 153, the Coordination Council of the Bashkir Ural Biosphere Reserve was created, which included representatives of the Government of the Republic of Bashkortostan, the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Republic of Belarus, the Ministry of Forestry of the Republic of Belarus, the director of the Shulgan-Tash State Natural Park ", NP "Bashkiria" and PP "Muradymovskoe Gorge", heads of Burzyansky, Meleuzovsky, Ishimbaysky, Kugarchinsky and Zilairsky municipal districts, research fellows Institute of Biology UC RAS and Institute of History, Language and Literature UC RAS, representatives public organizations and the local population.
The Bashkir Ural biosphere reserve has joined the World Network of Biosphere Reserves. As the press service of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Bashkortostan reported, this decision was made in Paris, at a meeting of the International Coordination Council of the Man and the Biosphere program.
- “Bashkir Ural” is located on the western slopes of the Southern Urals and occupies a total area of more than 345.7 thousand hectares. It included five specially protected natural areas of federal and republican significance: the Shulgan-Tash nature reserve, national park"Bashkiria" natural Park“Muradymovskoye Gorge”, “Altyn Solok” and “Iksky” nature reserves,” said press secretary of the Ministry of Ecology of the Republic Nina Nikandrova.
The territory of the Bashkir Ural bioreserve is distinguished by rich biological diversity. Thus, more than 1,650 plant species grow in specially protected natural areas, of which 44 are endemic.
More than two thousand species of various animals live on the territory of the “Bashkir Urals”. Various types of landscapes are also presented here - mountain river gorges, mountain steppes, meadows, river floodplains and reservoirs.
As explained in the press service of the ministry, biosphere reserves (reserves) are territories selected for testing and demonstration different approaches towards integrated management of terrestrial, coastal, marine and freshwater resources combined with the protection of biological diversity.
Other biosphere reserves that joined the World Wide Web in 2012 include: Salzburger Lungau – Kärtner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve (Austria), Jinggangshan and Nübeiliang Biosphere Reserves (China), Mura-Drava-Danube Biosphere Reserve (Croatia, Hungary), Biosphere Reserve Sheka (Ethiopia).
Currently, the worldwide network includes 599 objects located in 117 countries.
According to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of Bashkortostan, bringing the unique natural and cultural complex located on the territory of the republic under the auspices of UNESCO will serve the cause of its preservation and popularization. It will also provide further impetus to the region's collaboration with the leading humanitarian organization.
Work on the creation of the Bashkir Ural complex biosphere reserve in Bashkortostan began in 2011. Then the Ministry of Natural Resources and Ecology of the Republic of Belarus, the Institute of Biology of the Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Shulgan-Tash State Nature Reserve, and the Bashkiria National Park submitted an application to UNESCO headquarters to assign the status of the Bashkir Ural biosphere reserve, as well as a video and photographic materials.
The Republic of Bashkortostan recently received a UNESCO certificate for the inclusion of the Bashkir Ural bioreserve in the global network of biosphere reserves, which is being created within the framework of the Man and the Biosphere program. Now this territory has gained international status protection.
The new complex biosphere reserve “Bashkir Ural” is located on the western slope of the Southern Urals in the mountain-forest zone of the republic. It consists of five compactly located specially protected natural areas. These are the Shulgan-Tash State Nature Reserve, the Bashkiria National Park, the Muradymov Gorge Nature Park, the Altyn-Solok Natural Zoological Reserve and the Iksky Zoological Reserve. The territory of the biosphere reserve presents various landscapes: mountain river gorges, mountain steppes, meadows, river floodplains and huge forested areas, and there are also 166 caves. This includes the lands of Kugarchinsky, Meleuzovsky and Ishimbaysky districts, connecting these territories into a single whole. The total area of the new facility is more than 345 thousand hectares.
Vasily Martynenko, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Head of the Laboratory of Geobotany and Vegetation Protection at the Institute of Biology of the Ural Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who led the initiative group that designed the bioreserve, told reporters about the features of the “Bashkir Urals”.
Vasily Martynenko noted that the biosphere reserve is distinguished by high biological diversity. This is due to the variety of relief forms, the location of the territory at the junction of two huge botanical and geographical regions - Europe and Asia, forest and steppe zones. This leads to the interpenetration of flora and fauna. The main ecosystems of the bioreserve are forests. The forest cover of the territory is 90 percent.
More than 1,600 plant organisms have been registered on the territory of the bioreserve. There are many endemic species, that is, growing in a limited area, which indicates the uniqueness of the region in terms of historical development. Many relict species. 63 species are listed in the Red Book of Bashkortostan, 14 of them are listed in the Red Book of Russia.
There are 2,157 species of animals in the bioreserve, 84 of them are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Bashkortostan, 40 in the Red Book of Russia. And 177 species are included in the European list of the Berne Convention.
In addition, the bioreserve includes two key ornithological territories of European significance - the Belsko-Nugush interfluve and the Uryuk River. Many rare birds live there.
Vasily Martynenko explained the principle of zoning a biosphere reserve. It has three zones. The core zone makes up 13-14 percent of the territory - 48 thousand hectares. The zone around the core is called the buffer zone, it is 90 thousand hectares. Ecotourism can be developed there and more freedom is provided in terms of economic activities. The largest zone in area - 207 thousand hectares - is a transition or cooperation zone. This is where socio-economic development should take place full swing- sustainable use of natural resources, agricultural use and tourism can be actively developed.
However, not everything is so rosy. Russian legislation is far from international standards, and even the inclusion of a territory on the international list does not guarantee the protection of local nature. Not to mention the mentality of Russians. Nevertheless, the emergence of the “Bashkir Urals” can be regarded as a step forward in the conservation of the nature of the Southern Urals.
For reference. There are a total of 610 biosphere reserves in 117 countries around the world. There are 41 bioreserves in Russia, two of them in the Ural region. In addition to the “Bashkir Urals”, there is a bioreserve in the Komi Republic (
Bashkir Ural
Bashkir Ural- UNESCO biosphere reserve in the Republic of Bashkortostan on the western macroslope of the Southern Urals. This is the 41st biological reserve in Russia.
The Bashkir Urals include: the Shulgan-Tash State Nature Reserve, the Bashkiria National Park, the Muradymov Gorge Nature Park, the Altyn-Solok Natural Zoological Reserve and the Iksky Zoological Reserve. Located on the territory of Kugarchinsky, Meleuzovsky and Ishimbaysky districts with a total area of about 346 thousand hectares. The territory is divided into three zones: core of 48 thousand hectares, 13-14%; a buffer zone around the core of over 90 thousand hectares and a transition or cooperation zone of 207 thousand hectares.
Flora and fauna
On the territory of the bioreserve, > 1600 plants are registered, including endemics, relict species, 63 species from the Red Book of Bashkortostan, of which 14 are in the Red Book of Russia.
There are 2,157 species of animals in the bioreserve, 84 of them are listed in the Red Book of Bashkortostan, 40 in the Red Book of Russia. And 177 species are included in the European list of the Berne Convention.
The bioreserve contains two key ornithological territories of European significance - the Belsko-Nugush interfluve and the Uryuk River, where rare birds nest.
Tourism
Any economic activity is prohibited in the core zone. Eco-tourism is possible in the buffer zone, and there is permission for economic activity. The transition or cooperation zone allows for the development of sustainable natural resource management, agricultural use, and tourism infrastructure (roads, hotels).
Links
Notes
Categories:
- Geography of Meleuzovsky district of Bashkortostan
- Geography of Ishimbaysky district of Bashkortostan
- Geography of Kugarchinsky district of Bashkortostan
- Appeared in 2012
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Books
- Bashkir folk epic. "Bashkir Ngrodny Epic" - a book from the series "Epic of the Peoples of the USSR" - is a scientific publication of original Bashkir folk tales "Ural-Batyr", "Akbuzat", "Zayatulyak and Khyukhylu", "Kara...