home Secrets of medicine The first president of the USSR was Gorbachev. First and last: how Gorbachev became president of the USSR plot

The first president of the USSR was Gorbachev. First and last: how Gorbachev became president of the USSR plot

One of the most popular Russian politicians in the West of the period last decades The twentieth century is Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev. The years of his reign greatly changed our country, as well as the situation in the world. This is one of the most controversial figures, according to public opinion. Gorbachev's perestroika causes ambiguous attitudes in our country. This politician is called both the gravedigger of the Soviet Union and the great reformer.

Biography of Gorbachev

Gorbachev's story begins in 1931, March 2. It was then that Mikhail Sergeevich was born. He was born in the Stavropol region, in the village of Privolnoye. He was born and raised in a peasant family. In 1948, he worked with his father on a combine harvester and received the Order of the Red Banner of Labor for his success in harvesting. Gorbachev graduated from school in 1950 with a silver medal. After this, he entered the Faculty of Law at Moscow University. Gorbachev later admitted that at that time he had a rather vague idea of what law and jurisprudence were. However, he was impressed by the position of a prosecutor or judge.

IN student years Gorbachev lived in a hostel, received one time increased scholarship for Komsomol work and excellent studies, but nevertheless barely made ends meet. He became a party member in 1952.

Once at a club, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev met Raisa Titarenko, a student at the Faculty of Philosophy. They got married in 1953, in September. Mikhail Sergeevich graduated from Moscow State University in 1955 and was sent to work in the USSR Prosecutor's Office on assignment. However, it was then that the government adopted a resolution according to which it was prohibited to employ law graduates in the central prosecutor's offices and judicial authorities. Khrushchev, as well as his associates, believed that one of the reasons for the repressions carried out in the 1930s was the dominance of inexperienced young judges and prosecutors in the authorities, ready to obey any instructions from the leadership. Thus, Mikhail Sergeevich, whose two grandfathers suffered from repression, became a victim of the fight against the cult of personality and its consequences.

At administrative work

Gorbachev returned to the Stavropol region and decided not to contact the prosecutor's office anymore. He got a job in the department of agitation and propaganda in the regional Komsomol - he became the deputy head of this department. The Komsomol and then the party career of Mikhail Sergeevich developed very successfully. Political activity Gorbachev has borne fruit. He was appointed in 1961 as the first secretary of the local Komsomol regional committee. Gorbachev began party work the following year, and then, in 1966, became the first secretary of the Stavropol City Party Committee.

This is how the career of this politician gradually developed. Even then, the main drawback of this future reformer became evident: Mikhail Sergeevich, accustomed to working selflessly, could not ensure that his orders were conscientiously carried out by his subordinates. This characteristic of Gorbachev, some believe, led to the collapse of the USSR.

Moscow

Gorbachev became Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee in November 1978. The recommendations of L.I. Brezhnev's closest associates - Andropov, Suslov and Chernenko - played a major role in this appointment. After 2 years, Mikhail Sergeevich becomes the youngest of all members of the Politburo. He wants to become the first person in the state and in the party in the near future. This could not even be prevented by the fact that Gorbachev essentially occupied a “penalty post” - the secretary in charge of agriculture. After all, this sector of the Soviet economy was the most disadvantaged. Mikhail Sergeevich still remained in this position after Brezhnev's death. But Andropov even then advised him to delve into all matters in order to be ready at any moment to take full responsibility. When Andropov died and Chernenko came to power for a short period, Mikhail Sergeevich became the second person in the party, as well as the most likely “heir” to this general secretary.

In Western political circles, Gorbachev's fame was first brought to him by his visit to Canada in May 1983. He went there for a week with the personal permission of Andropov, who was the general secretary at that time. Pierre Trudeau, the prime minister of this country, became the first major Western leader to receive Gorbachev personally and treat him with sympathy. Having met other Canadian politicians, Gorbachev gained a reputation in that country as an energetic and ambitious politician who stood in stark contrast to his elderly Politburo colleagues. He developed a significant interest in Western economic management and moral values, including democracy.

Gorbachev's Perestroika

The death of Chernenko opened the way to power for Gorbachev. The Plenum of the Central Committee on March 11, 1985 elected Gorbachev general secretary. In the same year, at the April plenum, Mikhail Sergeevich proclaimed a course to accelerate the country’s development and restructuring. These terms, which appeared under Andropov, did not immediately become widespread. This happened only after the XXVII Congress of the CPSU, which took place in February 1986. Gorbachev called glasnost one of the main conditions for the success of the upcoming reforms. The time of Gorbachev could not yet be called full-fledged freedom of speech. But it was possible, at least, to talk in the press about the shortcomings of society, without, however, affecting the foundations of the Soviet system and the members of the Politburo. However, already in 1987, in January, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev stated that there should be no zones closed to criticism in society.

Principles of foreign and domestic policy

The new Secretary General did not have a clear reform plan. Only the memory of Khrushchev's "thaw" remained with Gorbachev. In addition, he believed that the calls of leaders, if they were honest, and these calls themselves were correct, could reach ordinary executors within the framework of the party-state system that existed at that time and thereby change the better life. Gorbachev was firmly convinced of this. The years of his reign were marked by the fact that throughout all 6 years he spoke about the need for united and energetic actions, about the need for everyone to act constructively.

He hoped that, as the leader of a socialist state, he could gain world authority based not on fear, but, above all, on reasonable policies and unwillingness to justify the country’s totalitarian past. Gorbachev, whose years in power are often referred to as “perestroika,” believed that new political thinking must triumph. It should include recognition of the priority of universal human values over national and class values, the need to unite states and peoples to jointly solve the problems facing humanity.

Publicity policy

During Gorbachev's reign, general democratization began in our country. Political persecution stopped. The pressure of censorship has weakened. Many prominent people returned from exile and prison: Marchenko, Sakharov and others. The policy of glasnost, which was launched by the Soviet leadership, changed the spiritual life of the country's population. Interest in television, radio, and print media has increased. In 1986 alone, magazines and newspapers gained more than 14 million new readers. All of these are, of course, significant advantages of Gorbachev and the policies he pursues.

Mikhail Sergeevich’s slogan, under which he carried out all the reforms, was the following: “More democracy, more socialism.” However, his understanding of socialism gradually changed. Back in 1985, in April, Gorbachev said at the Politburo that when Khrushchev brought criticism of Stalin’s actions to incredible proportions, it only brought great damage to the country. Soon glasnost led to more bigger wave anti-Stalinist criticism, which was undreamed of during the “thaw” years.

Anti-alcohol reform

The idea of this reform was initially very positive. Gorbachev wanted to reduce the amount of alcohol consumed in the country per capita, as well as begin the fight against drunkenness. However, the campaign, as a result of overly radical actions, led to unexpected results. The reform itself and the further rejection of the state monopoly led to the fact that the bulk of income in this area went into the shadow sector. A lot of start-up capital in the 90s was made from “drunk” money by private owners. The treasury was rapidly emptying. As a result of this reform, many valuable vineyards were cut down, which led to the disappearance of entire industrial sectors in some republics (in particular, Georgia). The anti-alcohol reform also contributed to the growth of moonshine, substance abuse and drug addiction, and multi-billion dollar losses were incurred in the budget.

Gorbachev's reforms in foreign policy

In November 1985, Gorbachev met with Ronald Reagan, President of the United States. At it, both sides recognized the need to improve bilateral relations, as well as improve the overall international situation. Gorbachev's foreign policy led to the conclusion of the START treaties. Mikhail Sergeevich, with a statement dated January 15, 1986, put forward a number of major initiatives devoted to foreign policy issues. There was to be a complete elimination of chemicals and nuclear weapons, strict control was carried out during its destruction and storage. All of these are Gorbachev’s most important reforms.

Reasons for failure

In contrast to the course aimed at transparency, when it was enough just to order the weakening and then actually abolish censorship, his other initiatives (for example, the sensational anti-alcohol campaign) were combined with the propaganda of administrative coercion. Gorbachev, whose years of rule were marked by increasing freedom in all spheres, at the end of his reign, having become president, sought to rely, unlike his predecessors, not on the party apparatus, but on a team of assistants and the government. He leaned more and more towards the social democratic model. S.S. Shatalin said that he managed to turn the Secretary General into a convinced Menshevik. But Mikhail Sergeevich abandoned the dogmas of communism too slowly, only under the influence of the growth of anti-communist sentiment in society. Gorbachev, even during the events of 1991 (the August putsch), still expected to retain power and, returning from Foros (Crimea), where he had a state dacha, declared that he believed in the values of socialism and would fight for them, leading the reformed Communist Party. It is obvious that he was never able to rebuild himself. Mikhail Sergeevich in many ways remained a party secretary, who was accustomed not only to privileges, but also to independence people's will authorities.

Merits of M. S. Gorbachev

Mikhail Sergeevich, in his last speech as the president of the country, took credit for the fact that the population of the state received freedom and became spiritually and politically liberated. Freedom of the press, free elections, a multi-party system, representative bodies of government, and religious freedoms have become real. Human rights were recognized as the highest principle. The movement towards a new multi-structured economy began, equality of forms of ownership was approved. Gorbachev finally ended the Cold War. During his reign, the militarization of the country and the arms race, which had crippled the economy, morality and public consciousness, were stopped.

The foreign policy of Gorbachev, who finally eliminated the Iron Curtain, ensured Mikhail Sergeevich respect throughout the world. The President of the USSR was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 for activities aimed at developing cooperation between countries.

At the same time, some indecisiveness of Mikhail Sergeevich, his desire to find a compromise that would suit both radicals and conservatives, led to the fact that transformations in the state’s economy never began. A political settlement of contradictions and interethnic hostility, which ultimately destroyed the country, was never achieved. History is unlikely to be able to answer the question of whether someone else could have preserved the USSR and the socialist system in Gorbachev’s place.

Conclusion

The subject of supreme power, as the ruler of the state, must have full rights. M. S. Gorbachev, the leader of the party, who concentrated state and party power in himself, without being popularly elected to this post, in this respect was significantly inferior in the eyes of the public to B. Yeltsin. The latter eventually became the President of Russia (1991). Gorbachev, as if compensating for this shortcoming during his reign, increased his power and tried to achieve various powers. However, he did not follow the laws and did not force others to do so. That is why Gorbachev’s characterization is so ambiguous. Politics is, first of all, the art of acting wisely.

Among the many accusations brought against Gorbachev, perhaps the most significant was the accusation of indecisiveness. However, if we compare the significant scale of the breakthrough he accomplished and short term being in power, one can argue with that. In addition to all of the above, the Gorbachev era was marked by the withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan, the holding of the first competitive free elections in Russian history, and the elimination of the party's monopoly on power that existed before him. As a result of Gorbachev's reforms, the world has changed significantly. He will never be the same again. Without political will and courage, it is impossible to do this. Gorbachev can be viewed differently, but, of course, he is one of the largest figures in modern history.

Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev (born 03/02/1931 in the Volga region, Stavropol Territory) - Soviet statesman, General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee (1985-1991) and former President of the CCCP. His efforts to democratize the political system and decentralize the economy led to the collapse of communism and the collapse of the country in 1991. In part because he ended the era of post-war Soviet dominance in Eastern Europe, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.

Publicity policy

The decision to allow multi-party elections and create a new form of government in the Soviet Union began a slow process of democratization that ultimately destabilized communist control and contributed to the collapse of the country.

When Gorbachev became president of the USSR, he faced conflicting domestic political pressures: Boris Yeltsin and pluralists favored democratization and rapid economic reform, while the conservative party elite wanted to derail them.

The Glasnost policy gave people new freedoms, especially freedom of speech, although these were not comparable to those found in Western democracies. But in a country where censorship, speech controls and suppression of government criticism have previously been central part system, this was a radical change. The press became much less controlled, and thousands of political prisoners and many dissidents were released.

Gorbachev's goal in implementing the policy of glasnost was to put pressure on conservatives within the CPSU who opposed his economic restructuring, and he also hoped that through openness, debate and participation in public life Soviet people will support his initiatives.

In what year did Gorbachev become President of the USSR?

In January 1987, the leader of the Communist Party called for democratization: the introduction of such democratic elements into the political process as elections from several candidates.

In June 1988, at the XXVII Congress of the CPSU, he launched radical reforms aimed at reducing party control over the state apparatus.

In December 1988, the Supreme Council approved the creation of the Council of People's Deputies as the new legislative body of the Soviet Union, adopting corresponding amendments to the Constitution. Elections were held throughout the country in March and April 1989.

But in what year did Gorbachev become President of the USSR? The necessary amendments were made on March 15, 1990. Before this, the head was formally the Chairman of the Supreme Council. Although the head of state was to be elected through direct secret voting by all citizens of the country, as an exception, this right was delegated to the Third Congress of People's Deputies. 03/15/1990 Gorbachev was elected President of the USSR and took the oath of office on the same day.

Concentration of power

Gorbachev became President of the USSR as a result of his election at the Congress of People's Deputies. Although the outcome was in his favor, serious deficiencies in his power base emerged, which ultimately led to his collapse political career at the end of 1991

The procedure for electing Gorbachev as President of the USSR in 1990 was significantly different from other “elections” previously held in the Soviet Union. Since coming to power in 1985, Mikhail Sergeevich has made great efforts to launch the political process in the country, pushing through legislation that eliminated the Communist Party's monopoly on power and forming the Congress of People's Deputies. Elections of deputies were held by secret ballot.

But why did Gorbachev become President of the USSR? He faced criticism from both reformers and conservative communists. For example, Boris Yeltsin criticized him for the slow pace of change. On the other hand, conservatives were shocked by the departure from Marxist principles. In an effort to advance his reform agenda, the Secretary General led a movement to amend the Soviet Constitution, including a section on the creation of a new, stronger presidential power, which was previously largely symbolic.

Victory or defeat?

During the Congress of People's Deputies, Chairman of the Supreme Soviet M. S. Gorbachev was elected President of the USSR for a five-year term. He tried very hard to get the Congress to give him the necessary two-thirds of the votes. Gorbachev threatened several times to resign if he did not win a constitutional majority. If he did not receive the necessary votes, he would have to campaign in the general election against other candidates. Gorbachev believed that this would lead to chaos in an already unstable country. Others attributed it to his fears of losing. The final vote gave him a narrow lead. The candidate received the required majority plus 46 votes.

The date when Gorbachev became President of the USSR - March 15, 1990 - marked the beginning of his short tenure in this post.

While this was certainly a victory for him, the election illustrated the problems he faced in trying to forge an internal consensus supporting his political reform agenda. M. S. Gorbachev became President of the USSR, but by 1991 his critics criticized him for the country's dismal economic performance and weakening control over the Soviet empire.

"New Thinking" Abroad

In international affairs, Gorbachev sought to improve relations and trade with the West. He established close contacts with a number of Western leaders - the German Chancellor, US Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush and British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who once said that she liked Mr. Gorbachev and could do business with him.

On October 11, 1986, M. Gorbachev and P. Reagan met for the first time in Reykjavik, Iceland, to discuss the issue of reducing missiles in Europe medium range. Much to the surprise of advisers on both sides, they agreed to withdraw such systems and set a global limit on them of 100 warheads. This led to the signing of the Short- and Medium-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty in 1987.

In February 1988, M. Gorbachev announced the withdrawal of troops from the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. The operation was completed the following year, although civil war continued as the mujahideen attempted to overthrow the pro-Soviet regime of Mohammed Najibullah. An estimated 15,000 Soviet citizens were killed as a result of the conflict between 1979 and 1989.

Also in 1988, M. Gorbachev announced that the Soviet Union would abandon the Brezhnev Doctrine, allowing the Eastern Bloc countries to determine their own domestic policy. Non-interference in the affairs of other Warsaw Pact states turned out to be the most important of Moscow's foreign policy reforms. In 1989, when communism collapsed, it led to a series of revolutions in Eastern Europe. With the exception of Romania, popular protests against pro-Soviet communist regimes were peaceful.

When Gorbachev became President of the USSR, the Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with the Vatican, and a final settlement agreement was signed with Germany. In addition, an investigation began into the murders of Polish prisoners of war in Katyn.

The weakening of Soviet hegemony in Eastern Europe actually ended the Cold War, for which on October 15, 1990, 7 months after M. S. Gorbachev was elected President of the USSR, he was awarded Nobel Prize peace.

Economic disaster

Although Gorbachev's political initiatives led to greater freedom and democracy in Eastern Europe and the CCCP, economic policy his government was gradually bringing the Soviet Union closer to disaster. By the late 1980s, severe shortages of staple foods (such as meat and sugar) forced the introduction of a wartime distribution system using food rationing, which limited each citizen to a fixed amount of food per month. When Gorbachev became President of the USSR, the state budget deficit grew to 109 billion rubles, gold and foreign exchange funds decreased from 2 thousand to 200 tons, and external debt increased to 120 billion US dollars.

Moreover, the democratization of the USSR and Eastern Europe irreversibly undermined the power of the CPSU and Gorbachev himself. The weakening of censorship and attempts to create greater political openness had the unforeseen effect of awakening long-suppressed nationalist and anti-Russian sentiments in the Soviet republics. Calls for greater independence from Moscow's authority grew louder, especially in the Baltic republics of Estonia, Lithuania and Latvia, which were annexed into the USSR by Stalin in 1940. National movements also became active in Georgia, Ukraine, Armenia and Azerbaijan. The reforms ultimately allowed the socialist republics to secede from the Soviet Union.

Independence movements

On January 10, 1991, USSR President Mikhail Gorbachev presented an ultimatum to the Supreme Council of Lithuania, demanding the restoration of the legality of the Constitution and the annulment of all unconstitutional laws. The next day, he approved the Soviet army's attempt to overthrow the Lithuanian government. As a result, at least 14 civilians were killed and more than 600 were injured in Vilnius from 11 to 13 January. The strong reaction of the West and the actions of Russian democratic forces put the President and government of the USSR in an awkward position, as news emerged about support for the Lithuanians from Western democracies.

Gorbachev's response to growing republican separatism was to develop the Union Treaty, which created a truly voluntary federation in the increasingly democratized Soviet Union. The new treaty was supported by the Central Asian republics, which needed the economic power and markets of the USSR to prosper. However, more radical advocates of change, such as RSFSR President Boris Yeltsin, became increasingly convinced of the need for a rapid transition to a market economy and were more than happy to contemplate the disintegration of the Soviet Union if this was necessary to achieve their goals.

In contrast to the warm attitude of the reformers to the new treaty, the conservative apparatchiks, who still had influence within the CPSU and the military leadership, were against anything that could lead to the collapse of the USSR. On the eve of the signing of the Union Treaty, the conservatives struck their blow.

August putsch

In August 1991, hardliners in the Soviet leadership launched a coup d'etat to remove Gorbachev from power and prevent the signing of a new Union Treaty. During this time, the President spent 3 days (August 19-21) under house arrest at his dacha in Crimea, until an unsuccessful attempt to restore party control failed and he was released. However, upon his return, Gorbachev discovered that neither the Union nor the security forces obeyed him, but supported Yeltsin, whose disobedience led to the collapse of the coup. Moreover, the General Secretary was forced to dismiss a large number of Politburo members, and in some cases, arrest them. The Gang of Eight, which led the coup, was also detained for treason.

Gorbachev sought to preserve the CPSU as a single party, but wanted to move it towards social democracy. The contradictions in this approach are the praise of Lenin, admiration for the Swedish social model and the desire to support the accession of the Baltic states military force- were quite complex. But when the CPSU was banned after the August coup, Gorbachev had no effective power base outside the Armed Forces. In the end, Yeltsin won by promising more money.

Collapse of the USSR

In early December, the leaders of Ukraine, Russia and Belarus met in Brest to form the Commonwealth of Independent States, effectively announcing the demise of the Union.

On December 25, 1991, USSR President Gorbachev resigned, the Soviet Union was officially dissolved, and Yeltsin became President of the Russian Federation.

People around the world watched in amazement at this relatively peaceful collapse of the former communist mono-state.

In his farewell speech, former USSR President Gorbachev said that the recent creation of the CIS was the main reason for his resignation. He expressed concern that citizens of a great power were being deprived of this status, and the consequences of this could be very difficult for everyone. Gorbachev said that he was proud of his achievements. He said he led the Soviet Union's transition to democracy, and his reforms steered the socialist economy toward a market economy. He stated that the Soviet people now live in a new world, in which there is no cold war and no arms race. While admitting mistakes were made, Gorbachev remained adamant and said he did not regret the policies he pursued.

Heritage

Mikhail Gorbachev remains highly regarded in the West for ending the Cold War. In Germany, for example, he is given credit for the reunification of the country. However, his reputation in Russia is low because he is believed to have led the USSR to collapse and is thus responsible for the economic difficulties that followed. However, polls showed that most Russians were satisfied with the outcome of Gorbachev's main legislative legacy - perestroika and the freedoms that flowed from it.

According to many, this is not the only reason why the Cold War ended. The war in Afghanistan had continued since 1979, draining the Soviet Union's resources. This and the many revolutionary or reform movements in the Soviet satellite states, most notably Afghanistan and Poland, greatly affected his ability to operate and maintain order. Some insist that the arms race led to a significant increase in Soviet military spending, which, combined with the costs of Afghanistan, the country simply could not afford. Moreover, by the time Gorbachev came to power, the economy of the CCCP was seriously destroyed, a reality that may have had a decisive influence on Gorbachev's decisions to liberalize. But in the end, analysts say, these attempts to "open up" the Soviet Union were too little, too late, and the satellite states responded accordingly, ending the Cold War era.

Critics in Russia are convinced that there was no serious economic crisis in the USSR. They consider Gorbachev an incompetent politician who initiated the wrong reforms and accuse him of destroying the state.

Although it can be argued that when Gorbachev became President of the USSR, he sought to liberalize it and never wanted the collapse of the Soviet state, his contribution to peace on a global scale nevertheless outweighs the criticisms, however fair they may be.

Good evening, dear sirs and ladies!

In this post, I will briefly touch on a topic closely related to the eightieth birthday of Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachev.

So, after the events referred to in Russian historiography as a putsch and which occurred between August 19 and August 22, 1991, the collapse of Trieseria became a fait accompli. However, there were still several months left before this political fact was legally formalized. Therefore, formally, until December 1991, the USSR existed as a state recognized by the notorious international community. And the core of the Soviet Union from the moment of its inception was the Communist Party.
I would like to recall the outline of events preceding the above-mentioned putsch. So in July 1991, the last XXVIII Congress of the CPSU was held, which adopted a new party program and, thereby, determined new vectors for the development of the Trieseria.
Structurally, the party by this time was no longer an integral organization, but a collection of parties of the union republics, which was recorded in the new changed composition of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee, consisting of the Secretary General (Gorbachev), his deputy (Ivashko) and the first secretaries of the Central Committee of the union republics.

Such a structure was already a harbinger of the collapse of the Trieseria, and the main role in this fact was played by the formed Communist Party of the RSFSR. It was she who became the factor that finally broke the allied relations within the CPSU, making it the sum of allied communist parties. The superstructure was no longer needed.
At the same time, within the framework of the entire quasi-state structure of Trieseria, the process of developing a new order of internal political interaction was taking place, the basis of which was to be the new Union Treaty. The old one, signed in 1922, no longer met the new realities. The signing of this agreement was scheduled for August 20, 1991...

It is difficult to say with complete certainty what this putsch was. I, like many of my politically engaged colleagues, believe that the main customer of it was M. Gorbachev himself. As evidence, one can cite, firstly, the indecision of the actions of the putschists, and secondly, their flight to M. Gorbachev after the failure of the putsch itself. It seemed that they simply did not carry out the order, and were now eager for new instructions. But be that as it may, the failure of the event and the subsequent collapse of the USSR became historical facts.
M. Gorbachev's resignation from the post of President of the USSR occurred after the signing of the Belovezh Accords, but from the post of Secretary General of the Bolshevik Party - already on August 22, 1991 from the Nativity of Christ! Moreover, M. Gorbachev not only left the party, but also proposed that the party dissolve itself. Why?
Let's try to figure it out.

All of M. Gorbachev’s activities as General Secretary of the Bolshevik Party boiled down to reforming it and, as a consequence, reforming the entire quasi-state structure of the Soviet of Deputies.
The reforms of the last Secretary General were comprehensive.
First of all, they concerned the political sphere and represented a large-scale democratization of the entire socio-political structure of Trieseria. In Bolshevik language this phenomenon was designated by the word “perestroika”.
Perestroika touched upon the issues of party building, changes in the national-state structure of Trieseria, and the breakdown of the party and state apparatus. Particularly significant was the change in foreign policy, which turned into a means of saving the USSR itself and its transformation into a more mobile modern society.
The media have become more open. Television, radio and newspapers gradually began to more objectively consider not only historical events, but also contemporary events for their readers, radio listeners and television viewers.
Freedom affected theatre, cinema, literature, and painting.
An unprecedented thing for the atheistic Soviet of Deputies was the celebration of the 1000th anniversary of the baptism of Rus'. And also the relatively independent elections of the Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' (one official of the Council for Religious Affairs told the author an interesting detail about these elections. In particular, for the first time a unique order was received from the Central Committee: do not interfere in the course of the elections, just observe).
Secondly, the economic sphere was reformed. This process was given a name - “acceleration”.
The acceleration was aimed at developing the industrial and agricultural potential of the Soviet Union. However, industrial acceleration was followed by a revision of the focus of industrial development from the military to the civilian sphere (conversion). As a result, market relations were officially introduced in the Council of Deputies, enshrined in the law on cooperation. Previously, these relationships were a criminal offense and existed only underground (black market, workshops, etc.).
Finally, in the third chapter, the spiritual sphere was reformed. The name of this direction is “glasnost” and “new thinking”.
Glasnost opened up many historical archives of past eras. As a result, whole oceans of new information were sent to the zombified Soviet slaves. Particularly painful was the information concerning the period of the reign of I. Dzhugashvili (drive - Stalin). They were still afraid to plan the cult of V. Ulyanov (Lenin was driving it). After all, they were still following the “correct Leninist course.” However, other historical periods of the Soviet of Deputies were subject to unprecedented ideological reassessment. Perhaps the second historical myth, which was affected to a lesser extent during the reign of M. Gorbachev, was the myth of the so-called “Great Patriotic War”.
The new thinking was more about foreign policy The trieseries was a way to instill confidence in the normal, highly developed countries of Western Europe, the USA and Japan. They even started talking about convergence, which meant the mutual absorption of the Soviet Republic and Europe. For these purposes, nuclear tests were suspended, negotiations on disarmament began, and comprehensive relations between the USSR and the USA were improved.

All three directions not only constituted a whole, but were also generated by one team, or, if you like, the matrix of development of the Bolshevik Party and the Soviet of Deputies created by it.
The reforms affected all diversity Soviet life. Moreover, new ideas were followed by even newer and more radical ones. As a result, every year of M. Gorbachev's reign brought new results.

In particular, perestroika very quickly became not only a household word, but also brought about global changes in the entire “socialist camp.” One after another, the Bolshevik regimes in Eastern Europe collapsed, and the Bolshevik regimes in Asia, Africa and Latin America looked for new patrons (mainly in the person of China) and also began timid reforms.
But if the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic quite peacefully collapsed into the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the collapse of the SFRY was accompanied by long ethno-confessional conflicts, the centers of which still exist.
Within Trieseria itself, divisions also began to take place on ethnic and ideological grounds. National movements grew like mushrooms after rain in the Baltic countries, Ukraine, Transcaucasia, and Turkestan. Soon these nationalist shoots bore fruit.

As a result, by 1991, enormous power was concentrated in the hands of M. Gorbachev: the Secretary General of the Bolshevik Party and the President of the Trieseria. But the very mechanism for controlling these two monsters began to get out of control. This led to an irreversible denouement.

As I wrote earlier about the essence of the Soviet of Deputies, the party was the core around which everything existed.
Moreover, the merger of the party and quasi-state structures was so multi-level that a significant number of senior leaders simultaneously occupied the highest party and government posts.
This influence allowed party leaders to always remain in the shadows. Whatever happened, the responsibility fell on the state. And within the party itself mutual responsibility flourished.
We can say that it was the Bolshevik Party that was the living tissue of the entire Soviet slave-owning society. Cancerous tissue. But still alive. But the quasi-state structure was just a shell protecting Bolshevism from external and internal threats.

This real state explains why everything in the Council of Deputies could be reformed, but not the Bolshevik Party itself.
Look for yourself: from 1917 to 1991, when obvious overt Bolsheviks were in power, they managed to carry out various “transformations”.
The Bolsheviks managed to destroy millions of people, break the back of the Russian peasantry during collectivization, expel or put to death the intelligentsia, at the cost of incredible efforts and sacrifices, win with the help of the Anglo-Saxon world in the Soviet-German war, carry out numerous reforms and repressions in the so-called Red Army, up to the reduction of officers, several times to break the system of workers' and peasants' militia, to reduce and transform the KGB apparatus.
But no one managed to reform the Bolshevik Party itself!
In the 20s, those who wanted a different path quickly went to the Lubyanka basement. Some were hit in the head with an ice pick in the equatorial country.
I. Dzhugashvili himself could destroy thousands of party workers, but he did not change the essence of the Bolshevik party.
N. Khrushchev's attempts to reform it led to his imminent resignation!
L. Brezhnev did not reform the party - he ruled calmly.
History gave Y. Andropov and K. Chernenko very little time at the Bolshevik Olympus.

The last reformer of the Bolshevik party was M. Gorbachev. It was the reforms in the party itself that led to its death and the death of the state it created.
I dare to suggest that such a reformer as M. Gorbachev simply realized the impossibility of changing this particular organization. And therefore he proposed to destroy it, which subsequently happened.

An ideology born in hell itself, through the Jewish retro-slaters K. Marx and F. Engels, quietly crept into the heads of Russian revolutionaries. Having passed incubation period in the minds of the Russian intelligentsia, satanic ideology was born as a terrible Bolshevik atheistic monster, ready to devour the entire human world. The tip of the sting of this monster was directed against our Lord Jesus Christ himself and the entire Holy Trinity.
The cells of this creepy monster became the party members, and the party itself became the body. It was she who, having created a protective shell from the Soviet state, absorbing the human, technical and natural resources of Russia, became the most poisonous detachment of the master of hell! The real head of the Bolshevik Party is the devil himself.
It was precisely the affiliation of the party itself to hell and its owner, Satan, that did not allow a single leader to change the focus of the Bolshevik Party on the world revolution. It was this imprisonment and its real curators from hell that did not allow the Council of Deputies to be transformed into a normal state (and N. Khrushchev, L. Brezhnev, and M. Gorbachev tried to do this), and the Bolshevik party to be transformed into a normal one political organization.

After the collapse of Trieseria, the body of the party disintegrated into its cells. These cells partially merged into various communist organizations in space former USSR, the largest of which is the Communist Party of the Russian Federation.
But after the death of the party, the skeleton of the Council of Deputies itself remained. Since this skeleton reproduces precisely the party structure, it is designed to fulfill the same goals that the Bolshevik party, or rather its demonic masters, pursued.
As a result, the Russian Federation became the legal successor of the Soviet of Deputies, inheriting from the latter the walls, ceilings and other frames of the building itself. The current inhabitants of the Kremlin, unfortunately, do not understand this. Therefore, they are trying to fill the quasi-state Sovdepov structure with new liberal-democratic content (and often they don’t even try, they simply go with the flow, stealing the natural and technical resources remaining from the Trieseria).
Thus, the creation of United Russia was an attempt to recreate the CPSU. But hell doesn't need United Russia. The owner of hell - Satan - needs members of this party, but not she herself. That’s why “help” is coming sluggishly.
From the Bolshevik Council of Deputies in the Russian Federation, symbols remained (mausoleum, red stars, eternal flame, toponymy, architecture, sculpture, etc.), which on a mystical level create an inevitable conflict with the Divine Energies emitted by Orthodox Temples.

As a result, the collapse of the current unviable regime of the Russian Federation is inevitable unless a miracle happens and a renewed Russian Orthodox Kingdom arises from the ruins of Trieseria!

God bless you!

And tried to stop him. And therefore, it is no coincidence that Gorbachev, almost immediately after coming to power, struck at the Azerbaijani security officer. So what could the “competent authorities” know about the last Soviet General Secretary?

The main role in the collapse of the USSR was played by Stavropol Judas M. Gorbachev, who was brought to power in the USSR with the help of external forces. During the 6 years of his leadership of the USSR, the external debt increased by 5.5 times, and the gold reserves DECREASED by 11 times. The USSR made unilateral military-political concessions. M. Gorbachev caused the greatest damage to his Fatherland in the history of the country. No country in the world has NEVER had such a leader. Therefore, a Public Tribunal over Judas is needed to identify the reasons that contributed to his rise to power and destructive anti-state activities.

« When WE received information about the upcoming death Soviet leader(we were talking about Yu. V. Andropov), then we thought about the possible coming to power with our help of a person, thanks to whom we can realize our intentions. This was the assessment of my experts (and I always formed a very qualified group of experts on the Soviet Union and, as necessary, contributed to additional emigration of the necessary specialists from the USSR). This person was M. Gorbachev, who was characterized by experts as a careless, suggestible and very ambitious person. He had good relationships with the majority of the Soviet political elite, and therefore his coming to power with our help was possible».

Margaret Thatcher. Member of the Trilateral Commission- January 1992.

While reading a book Panarin Igor Nikolaevich « First World Information War» came across interesting material about M.S. Gorbachev. He cites some excerpts from an article dated December 29, 2004 in the newspaper “Rossiyskie Vesti” by Leonid Smolny “ General liquidator».

"For some people, autumn comes early and stays for life... Where do they come from? From the dust. Where are they heading? To the grave. Does blood flow in their veins? No, it's the night wind. Is the thought pounding in their heads? No, it's a worm. Who speaks with their lips? Toad. Who is looking through their eyes? Snake. Who listens with their ears? Black abyss. They stir up human souls with an autumn storm, they gnaw at the foundations of reason, they push sinners to the grave. They rage and are fussy in explosions of rage, they sneak, track, lure, from them the moon turns a gloomy face and the clear flowing waters are clouded. These are the people of autumn. Beware of them on your way".

Ray Douglas Bradbury, "Something Bad is Coming".

March 2, 1931 in the village of Privolnoye Stavropol Territory a boy was born. He will grow up, graduate from Moscow University, fate will take him to the very pinnacle of mighty and great country, he will be enthusiastically received outside his homeland and cursed in his homeland. He will change the map of the planet and reverse evolution. It will undoubtedly end up in the history books, in fact it already has. It’s just a pity that he forgot that you can not only get into history, but also get stuck.

Came down from the mountains

However, unexpectedly for many, he comes to the post of Secretary General Yuri Andropov. It seemed like a long time. Contrary to the intensely spreading rumors about Yuri Vladimirovich’s poor health, he could have lasted in the Kremlin for more than one year. Did not work out. Konstantin Chernenko also flew fleetingly in the people's memory. The country was tired of funerals, and in March 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became the new Secretary General.

Much has been written about the intrigues that accompanied the nomination and promotion of Mikhail Sergeevich to this high position. But not all. Writers and analysts who thoughtfully discuss the undercurrents in the “Kremlin aquarium” for some reason do not mention one remarkable circumstance. Gorbachev is a southerner, the mystical Caucasus Mountains are located near his Stavropol region. And in the south, everything not only grows quickly, but also takes root in ways that you can’t immediately identify.

There is a certain mystery in the mechanism of MSG promotion to the top.

A provincial secretary with an appropriate outlook and a limited vocabulary from old political economy textbooks objectively had no chance of moving to Moscow. But they moved him. As they say, including the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Yuri Andropov (which is not true, but more on that below). Gorbachev was the first secretary of the Stavropol regional committee, the king and god of the largest region of the country, where party bosses like Andropov and Suslov loved to relax, and the curator of “failed” agriculture.

Another mystery: the leader KGB of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev, presumably, knew something about Gorbachev’s Stavropol past and tried to stop him. Yuri Andropov at one time promoted Aliyev to Moscow in order, apparently, to use his dossier against Mikhail Sergeevich at the last moment. And therefore, it is no coincidence that Gorbachev, almost immediately after coming to power, struck at the Azerbaijani security officer. So what could the “competent authorities” know about the last Soviet General Secretary? What scared Mikhail Sergeevich so much?

Party intrigue

Andropov intended to move the CPSU away from governing the country, transferring full power to Soviet “business executives.” The Soviet government, and not a conclave of Politburo elders, should have headed the management vertical. And Andropov also wanted to create a two-party system in the country, where the ruling party would constantly feel the breath of a competitor on the back of its neck. This version of reforms seems to be very different from what Mikhail Sergeevich subsequently did with the gullible people.

It is clear that the removal of the CPSU from power was not an easy matter. It was first necessary to “bleed” the party, to introduce disorganization into the orderly ranks. The reason for the offensive was the financial sins of the Soviet economic elite, whose affairs became the subject of attention of KGB officers. However, before Andropov arrived, they could not put the accumulated information into action, because the “business executives” were covered by high-ranking party officials. But now, in 1982, the “committee” seriously took on the Krasnodar and Astrakhan secretaries. But few people know that the third on this list was the former secretary of the Stavropol regional committee of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev.

A short excursion into history. The southern direction has become a matter of concern for some time law enforcement. From the Republic of Afghanistan, where a contingent of Soviet troops carried out an “international mission,” “hard” drugs began to arrive along with the coffins of dead servicemen. Analysts from the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR saw a particular danger in the fact that the transit and distribution of narcotic substances was protected by both high-ranking officers of law enforcement agencies and individual representatives of the party apparatus.

Attempts to calculate the geography of transit flows of Soviet drug dealers were made by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Vasily Fedorchuk, his deputy for personnel Vasily Lezhepekov and the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Viktor Chebrikov. On instructions from the Council of Ministers of the USSR, they sent the head of the psychophysiological laboratory of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, Mikhail Vinogradov, to develop a method for covertly identifying law enforcement officers who either used drugs or were in contact with drug-containing substances.

The republics of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan were chosen as testing grounds for the method; a special team took part in the annual preventive examination of personnel of internal affairs bodies. As a result, it turned out that police officers in these republics, from generals to privates, personally used drugs in 60 out of a hundred cases. But the most important thing, for which the operation was planned and which the immediate director of the study, Mikhail Vinogradov, did not know about at the time, was confirmation of the information that all drug flows from Central Asia and the Caucasus converged in the Stavropol Territory from the very beginning.

And now it has become clear why, back in 1978, Mikhail Gorbachev was “pushed” from the first secretaries of the Stavropol Territory to the insignificant position of Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for “failed” agriculture. Removed from under attack? Or maybe, on the contrary, they were exposed to the repressive skating rink of the “committee”? After all, by that time the security officers had started surveillance on him.

Mysticism of Malta

But the southern accent in the activities of the Secretary General only intensified. It is no coincidence that Gorbachev pulled out Georgian Shevardnadze, placing him in a key direction - foreign policy, appointing him who had hitherto had nothing to do with diplomatic work Eduard Amvrosievich to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. Shevardnadze covered Gorbachev from the rear, and together they then quietly and not without benefit for themselves surrendered the foreign policy positions of the great country.

They went too far; they could have been exposed by loyal secret services. And therefore, in order not to fall under the skating rink of the “committee”, Gorbachev and Shevardnadze deliberately accelerated the processes of the collapse of the USSR.

A remarkable touch.

The famous meeting in Malta, December 1989. General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George H. W. Bush said at the end of the meeting that their countries were no longer adversaries. And on the eve of the historic visit, a terrible storm broke out at sea. It seemed as if nature itself was preventing something, trying to prevent some terrible tragedy. But what? Knowledgeable people they tell how, during negotiations, a frantic American journalist appeared on the deck of a Soviet ship and said to his colleagues in the purest Russian: “ Guys, your country is over...."

Stavropol Judas

It stated that the group of the Moscow party organization, together with a bloc of secretaries of Siberian and Ural party organizations, including committees of the largest industrial enterprises, was introducing a single point for consideration at the upcoming plenum of the CPSU Central Committee: on the removal from the post of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev. However, behind the scenes, Mikhail Sergeevich outplayed his opponents. It turned out that The plenum was postponed to the end of August. And in the meantime, it was planned to sign the Union Treaty developed in Novo-Ogarevo.

State Emergency Committee. Let’s assume that Kryuchkov and his comrades would not have acted in August 1991. And what? Nothing special. The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee was held, President Gorbachev was removed from party power. In the future, the course of events could develop as follows:

1. The CPSU was losing its influence, embarking on the path of reform(a split into two or three parties is the same Andropov version),

2. the transition of the economy to a market economy would be launched as planned(following the Chinese model), democracy would be built, but not according to Western false patterns.

With such a combination, both Gorbachev and Yeltsin would be taken out of the " great game".

So the August conspiracy objectively played into the hands of Mikhail Sergeevich, who thus tried to outplay the party opposition. Yeltsin also benefited, who, if the Union Treaty was signed, retained the post of Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. However, after the State Emergency Committee, the chances were lost.

One day one of the former presidents of the former Soviet republic asked Gorbachev: " Why are you tearing our people away from the Russians?" . In response, Gorbachev simply lowered his eyes. He betrayed those who at first believed his demagoguery and hoped to lead the country out of the political and economic impasse through just one maneuver, playing according to the principle of “both ours and yours.” Selfishness in life and politics, personal irresponsibility - this is the verdict of history.

When starting reforms of the USSR in 1985, M.S. Gorbachev acted according to a clearly developed “ Advice on international relations " He, of course, did not know its contents, and he hardly knew about its existence. The real architects of perestroika know how to keep secrets. M. Gorbachev simply knew that external forces helped him come to power, whose requests he had to listen to.

Only D. Rockefeller knew the full contents of the plan. About some components of the plan knew M. Thatcher, G. Kissinger, Z. Brzezinski and a number of other people. Let's call it conventionally Combiner plan. Just like the top secret plan for information warfare against the USSR in 1943, “Rankin”, so The Combiner plan will never be published.

It is symbolic, however, that if the initiator of the Rankin plan was W. Churchill, then Briton M. Thatcher played a key role in the Combiner plan. In fact, she was the one who managed to accomplish:

1. successful recruitment approach to M.S. Gorbachev, using his suggestibility and ambition in 1984.

2. Simultaneously she had a plump folder with incriminating evidence on the former Stavropol combine operator, prepared for her by the resident of the foreign intelligence of the KGB of the USSR in London and at the same time an agent of the British intelligence MI6 (since 1974) Colonel Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky. November 14, 1985 O.A. Gordievsky was sentenced in absentia “for treason to the Motherland” to death with confiscation of property. The sentence was not canceled even after the collapse of the USSR.

3. The Combiner plan also had a clear economic component, aimed at disorganizing the Soviet economy and its falling under the influence of transnational corporations. To a certain degree it was Marshall Plan 2, on the economic enslavement of the USSR.

At the end of 1987, when the USSR Government prepared its proposals for the country's economy for 1988. According to these proposals, the solid national economic plan was transformed into a state order, fully provided with financial and material resources. At the same time, the order was reduced to 90 - 95% of the total production volume, and the remaining 5 - 10% of the production of the enterprise received the right to dispose at its own discretion on the basis of contractual relations. In subsequent years, using the experience gained, it was planned to gradually establish the optimal level of government orders.

At a meeting of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee at the end of 1987, M. Gorbachev achieved a decision to finalize the Government's draft, as a result of which the level of government orders was reduced by one third, and for a number of ministries - by more than half. It is obvious that M. Gorbachev acted on external instructions.

I believe that these were deliberate actions to collapse the Soviet economy. Everything went in accordance with the USSR KGB memo of 1977 on the formation of the Fifth Column. Let us recall some of its provisions:

« 1. The US CIA, based on the analysis and forecast of its specialists about the future paths of development of the USSR, is developing plans to intensify hostile activities aimed at the disintegration of Soviet society and the disorganization of the socialist economy.

2. For these purposes, American intelligence sets the task of recruiting agents of influence from among Soviet citizens, training them and further promoting them into the sphere of management of politics, economics and science of the Soviet Union.

3. The CIA has developed individual training programs for agents of influence, providing for their acquisition of espionage skills, as well as their concentrated political and ideological indoctrination. In addition, one of the most important aspects training of such agents - teaching management methods at the leading level of the national economy.

4. The leadership of American intelligence plans to purposefully and persistently, regardless of costs, search for individuals who, based on their personal and business qualities, are capable of occupying administrative positions in the management apparatus in the future and fulfilling the tasks formulated by the enemy».

Operation Perestroika - economic reform.

1. Following the instructions of M.S. Gorbachev, taking advantage of free contract prices, many enterprises at first began to receive huge amounts of money - excess profits, but not due to increased production, but due to its monopoly position. As a result, income in 1988 increased by 40 billion rubles, in 1989 - by 60 billion rubles, and in 1990 - by 100 billion rubles. (instead of the usual increase of 10 billion rubles). The consumer market was blown up, all goods literally “flyed” off the shelves.

2. Everywhere They began to discontinue unprofitable products, and the cheap assortment was washed out. If government orders were sharply reduced in mechanical engineering and a number of other industries, then in the fuel and energy complex it amounted to 100%.

3. Miners bought everything they needed for production at negotiated prices, and sold coal at state prices. This was one of the main reasons for the outbreak of miners' strikes. Justice has been violated. There was a break in the established relationships in the national economy.

4. Regional interests began to come to the fore, which became fertile ground for separatism.

The result of perestroika- socio-economic collapse: control over production, finance, and money circulation was lost. But this was the main goal of Operation Perestroika as part of the “Combineer” information war plan against the USSR.

Before perestroika, the USSR state budget was adopted and executed without a deficit.

5. For 1988, it was adopted for the first time without revenues exceeding expenses in a balanced amount. But already in 1989, the state budget of the USSR was adopted with a budget deficit about 36 billion rubles, but budget revenues included State Bank loans, which had never before been included in budget revenues in the amount of over 64 billion rubles. That is, in fact, the budget deficit amounted to 100 billion rubles! Therefore, the consumer market was soon “exploded”, and problems began with the food supply of the population.

6. Refusal of the monopoly on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages in 1989 alone led to the state budget losing more than 20 billion rubles in turnover tax revenues.

7. The country’s economy began to experience problems, production volumes decreased by 20% compared to 1985, prices climbed steadily upward and unemployment appeared.

8. Government external debt has increased many times over the years of perestroika and became the main means of covering the budget deficit. State internal debt grew even more rapidly.

9. After M. Gorbachev came to power Crime increased sharply. The number of crimes increased by 30% annually. Already in 1989, the number of prisoners in the USSR (1.6 million people) became 2 times more than in 1937. The number of intentional murders in 1989 (19 thousand) was one and a half times greater than the number of Soviet soldiers killed in Afghanistan over TEN YEARS.

Political reform

And in these unstable socio-economic conditions, POLITICAL REFORM begins. A similar scheme was used by the CIA and MI6 in 1953 to overthrow the Mossadegh government in Iran, after which oil production came under the control of transnational corporations.

1. During the POLITICAL REFORM, an informational moral liquidation of all heroes and outstanding people who constituted the pride of the Russian people was carried out. During its course, the emphasis was placed on the implementation of Allen Dulles's keynote speech in 1945. Almost all the heroes of the Great Patriotic War were subjected to sophisticated slanderous accusations and abuse, the same was done in relation to more distant Russian history, including Peter I, Catherine II, Ivan the Terrible.

2. The devilization of individuals and historical periods of Rus' began. All Russian history, according to the versions of the late 80s, was the history of nonentities. So, gradually, step by step the idea of the inferiority of the Russian people began to be instilled. These information and ideological actions were successfully carried out “Colombian” A.N. Yakovlev, who was simultaneously close to both M.S. Gorbachev and CIA agent O. Kalugin.

3. The media, supervised by A.N. Yakovlev, proclaimed the concept of freedom of speech and launched a phased anti-state campaign. Taking into account the interaction carried out "Colombian" A.N. Yakovlev with another “Colombian” - General of the KGB of the USSR and a CIA agent O. Kalugin, it can be assumed that the main “temniks” and commentaries for the Soviet media were developed overseas.

4. The comments developed in New York were based on the conclusions of the so-called "Harvard Project", research led by Allen Dulles, aimed at studying the deep mechanisms of social consciousness in the USSR and searching for “ pain points"for its destruction. Under external information and ideological control, the Soviet media began to work to destroy the state. The media was led by a group of globalist-Trotskyists A. Yakovlev, V. Medvedev, V. Korotich, D. Volkogonov and others, who previously strictly punished dissent and carried out strict censorship of “anti-socialist” views. They were M. Gorbachev's closest associates in the collapse of the USSR.

5. Rewriting history has become widespread. An illustration can be the replacement of the crimes of the Western colonialists, who carried out the enslavement and mass destruction of defenseless peoples, their, supposedly an educational civilizing mission with the establishment of democratic ideals. But the development of the West, starting from the 15th century, occurred largely due to the robbery of colonies. In fact, Western Europe as a whole exploited vast masses of enslaved people. The colonial model of world development created by the British Empire was unfair. Internal European contradictions were smoothed over by income from the colonies. Russia lived off its own labor and created its own wealth. She also had to continuously repel external invasions from the West and East.

6. Globalists-Trotskyists, having organized information cover from the media and the loyal West, launched a total purge at all levels of government of the USSR. In 1986-1989 under pressure from M. Gorbachev, 82.2% of the secretaries of regional committees, regional committees and republican Central Committees of the CPSU were removed from their posts. This was the largest purge in the entire history of the CPSU. And this was not just a personnel shuffling. This was their defeat in accordance with the recommendations of the Council on Foreign Relations. The country was being prepared for collapse. Massive fire was opened to kill the “headquarters”.

Powerful anti-state propaganda was launched on Soviet television channels, supposedly to combat the mythical BRAKING MECHANISM on the part of party cadres. Myself the term, BRAKING MECHANISM, was coined by specialists at Harvard University. At the first stage, the “dogmatic Suslovites”, led by member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee Yegor Ligachev, also took part in the destruction of the Soviet management system. Then it will be the turn of the “dogmatists.” But it was they who were used at first as a battering ram to destroy the CPSU.

Suslov Mikhail

and Egor Ligachev

After all, the positions of the globalist-Trotskyists before 1987 were weak in the Soviet system of governance. And they could not do without the support of “technocrats” and “dogmatists”. The KEY FACTOR of the collapse of the USSR was the anti-state course of M. Gorbachev. It was M. Gorbachev who laid the main mines, the explosion of which in 1991 led to the collapse of the USSR.

7. Having revised the system of previous geopolitical priorities of the USSR-Russia, M. Gorbachev began to formulate a new foreign policy course. It was based on the abstract primacy of universal human values. Implementation of the new foreign policy in practice led to unilateral concessions and took destructive forms.

8. The excessively forced withdrawal of our troops from Eastern Europe had the consequences of a sharp weakening of the geopolitical interests of the USSR-Russia. The collapse of many years of contacts with former allies led to the ousting of the USSR-Russia from many regions of the world, leading to major geopolitical and economic losses.

The American newspaper WASHINGTON POST published an article on December 15, 1991 with an analysis of the reign of M.S. Gorbachev. The newspaper data shows what the economic efficiency, one might say “profitability,” of the information war against the USSR is.

Name.........................1985................1991

Soviet gold reserves......2500 tons................240 tons

Official dollar exchange rate...0.64 rubles................90 rubles

Economic growth rate.......+2.3%....................- 11%

External debt, dollars.............10.5 billion......52.0 billion.

If we try to objectively analyze the reasons for the defeat of the USSR in information war, That main reason is the inability of the CPSU Central Committee and the KGB of the USSR to counteract, which led to the creation of the Fifth Column within the USSR and the coming to the leadership of the country of a group of globalist Trotskyists led by M. Gorbachev.

HOW JUDAS GORBACHEV DESTROYED THE USSR

The main role in the collapse of the USSR was played by Stavropol Judas M. Gorbachev, who was brought to power in the USSR with the help of external forces. During the 6 years of his leadership of the USSR, the external debt increased by 5.5 times, and the gold reserves DECREASED by 11 times. The USSR made unilateral military-political concessions. M. Gorbachev caused the greatest damage to his Fatherland in the history of the country. No country in the world has NEVER had such a leader. Therefore, a Public Tribunal over Judas is needed to identify the reasons that contributed to his rise to power and destructive anti-state activities.

“When WE received information about the upcoming death of the Soviet leader (we were talking about Yu. V. Andropov), we thought about the possible coming to power with our help of a person, thanks to whom we could realize our intentions. This was the assessment of my experts (and I always formed a very qualified group of experts on the Soviet Union and, as necessary, contributed to additional emigration of the necessary specialists from the USSR). This person was M. Gorbachev, who was characterized by experts as a careless, suggestible and very ambitious person. He had good relationships with the majority of the Soviet political elite, and therefore his coming to power with our help was possible.”

Margaret Thatcher. Member of the Trilateral Commission - January 1992.

While reading Igor Nikolaevich Panarin’s book “The First World Information War” I came across interesting material about M.S. Gorbachev. He cites some excerpts from an article dated December 29, 2004 in the Rossiyskiye Vesti newspaper by Leonid Smolny, “General Liquidator.”

"For some people, autumn comes early and remains for the rest of their lives... Where do they come from? From the dust. Where are they going? To the grave. Does blood flow in their veins? No, then it’s the night wind. Does thought knock in their heads ? No, then - a worm. Who speaks with their lips? A toad. Who looks with their eyes? A snake. Who listens with their ears? A black abyss. They stir up human souls with an autumn storm, they gnaw at the foundations of reason, they push sinners to the grave. They rage and they are fussy in explosions of rage, they sneak, track, lure, they make the moon gloomy and the clear flowing waters are clouded. These are the people of autumn. Beware of them on your way."

Ray Douglas Bradbury, Something Bad is Coming.

On March 2, 1931, a boy was born in the village of Privolnoye, Stavropol Territory. He will grow up, graduate from Moscow University, fate will elevate him to the very pinnacle of power in a mighty and great country, he will be enthusiastically received outside his homeland and cursed in his homeland. It will change the map of the planet and reverse evolution. It will undoubtedly end up in the history books, in fact it already has. It’s just a pity that he forgot that you can not only get into history, but also get stuck.

Came down from the mountains

By the beginning of the 80s, the Soviet Union was still outwardly strong, but it was already being undermined from within by invisible “worms” and “moles.” The country needed reforms, this was clear to everyone. The question was whose group would come to power and, accordingly, whose strategic line would prevail. The Brezhnev clan was preparing its candidacy for a “successor” to replace the leader who had fallen into senile impotence. At one time, certain forces put forward the first secretary of the Central Committee of the Belarusian Republican Party Committee, Pyotr Masherov, who mysteriously died in a car accident. They also talked about Romanov from St. Petersburg. But he was compromised by the intelligence services.
However, unexpectedly for many, Yuri Andropov comes to the post of Secretary General. It seemed like a long time. Contrary to the intensely spreading rumors about Yuri Vladimirovich’s poor health, he could have lasted in the Kremlin for more than one year. Did not work out. Konstantin Chernenko also flew fleetingly in the people's memory. The country was tired of funerals, and in March 1985 Mikhail Gorbachev became the new Secretary General.
Much has been written about the intrigues that accompanied the nomination and promotion of Mikhail Sergeevich to this high position. But not all. Writers and analysts who thoughtfully discuss the undercurrents in the “Kremlin aquarium” for some reason do not mention one remarkable circumstance. Gorbachev is a southerner, the mystical Caucasus Mountains are located near his Stavropol region. And in the south, everything not only grows quickly, but also takes root in ways that you can’t immediately identify.
There is, there is a certain secret in the mechanism of MSG promotion to the top. A provincial secretary with an appropriate outlook and a limited vocabulary from old political economy textbooks objectively had no chance of moving to Moscow. But they moved him. As they say, including the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR, Yuri Andropov (which is not true, but more on that below). Gorbachev was the first secretary of the Stavropol regional committee, the king and god of the largest region of the country, where party bosses like Andropov and Suslov loved to relax, and the curator of “failed” agriculture.
Another mystery: the head of the KGB of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, presumably knew something about Gorbachev’s Stavropol past and tried to stop him. Yuri Andropov at one time promoted Aliyev to Moscow in order, apparently, to use his dossier against Mikhail Sergeevich at the last moment. And therefore, it is no coincidence that Gorbachev, almost immediately after coming to power, struck at the Azerbaijani security officer. So what could the “competent authorities” know about the last Soviet General Secretary? What scared Mikhail Sergeevich so much?

Party intrigue

The reform plans that Yuri Andropov started included a lot, but there was never any talk about the collapse of the Soviet Union, which Gorbachev later did, who did not hesitate to call himself Yuri Vladimirovich’s nominee. Andropov intended to move the CPSU away from governing the country, transferring full power to the Soviet “business executives.” The Soviet government, and not a conclave of Politburo elders, should have headed the management vertical. And Andropov also wanted to create a two-party system in the country, where the ruling party would constantly feel the breath of a competitor on the back of its neck. This version of reforms seems to be very different from what Mikhail Sergeevich subsequently did with the gullible people.
It is clear that the removal of the CPSU from power was not an easy matter. It was first necessary to “bleed” the party, to introduce disorganization into the orderly ranks. The reason for the offensive was the financial sins of the Soviet economic elite, whose affairs became the subject of attention of KGB officers. However, before Andropov arrived, they could not put the accumulated information into action, because the “business executives” were covered by high-ranking party officials. But now, in 1982, the “committee” seriously took on the Krasnodar and Astrakhan secretaries. But few people know that the third on this list was the former secretary of the Stavropol regional committee of the CPSU, Mikhail Gorbachev.
A short excursion into history. The southern direction has become a subject of concern for law enforcement agencies for some time. From the Republic of Afghanistan, where a contingent of Soviet troops carried out an “international mission,” “hard” drugs began to arrive along with the coffins of dead servicemen. Analysts from the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR saw a particular danger in the fact that the transit and distribution of narcotic substances was protected by both high-ranking officers of law enforcement agencies and individual representatives of the party apparatus.
Attempts to calculate the geography of transit flows of Soviet drug dealers were made by the Minister of Internal Affairs of the USSR Vasily Fedorchuk, his deputy for personnel Vasily Lezhepekov and the Chairman of the KGB of the USSR Viktor Chebrikov. On instructions from the Council of Ministers of the USSR, they sent the head of the psychophysiological laboratory of the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs, Mikhail Vinogradov, to develop a method for covertly identifying law enforcement officers who either used drugs or were in contact with drug-containing substances.
The republics of Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Azerbaijan were chosen as testing grounds for the method; a special team took part in the annual preventive examination of personnel of internal affairs bodies. As a result, it turned out that police officers in these republics, from generals to privates, personally used drugs in 60 out of a hundred cases. But the most important thing, for which the operation was planned and which the immediate director of the study, Mikhail Vinogradov, did not know about at the time, was confirmation of the information that all drug flows from Central Asia and the Caucasus converged in the Stavropol Territory from the very beginning.
And now it has become clear why, back in 1978, Mikhail Gorbachev was “pushed” from the first secretaries of the Stavropol Territory to the insignificant position of Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee for “failed” agriculture. Removed from under attack? Or maybe, on the contrary, they were exposed to the repressive skating rink of the “committee”? After all, by that time the security officers had started surveillance on him.

Mysticism of Malta

Gorbachev was saved by a miracle. True, one can also say that this miracle was man-made. The strange quick deaths of two general secretaries, Andropov and Chernenko, who in theory should have been cared for and cherished by the doctors of the Fourth Directorate of the USSR Ministry of Health, still haunt many specialists and historians. Be that as it may, after coming to power, Mikhail Sergeevich immediately defeated a group of experts from the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs who were involved in the scandalous “Stavropol drug transit”, sending some to resign, some to retire.
But the southern accent in the activities of the Secretary General only intensified. It is no coincidence that Gorbachev pulled out the Georgian Shevardnadze, placing him in a key direction - foreign policy, appointing Eduard Amvrosievich, who had hitherto had nothing to do with diplomatic work, to the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR. Shevardnadze covered Gorbachev from the rear, and together they then quietly and not without benefit for themselves surrendered the foreign policy positions of the great country.
They went too far; they could have been exposed by loyal secret services. And therefore, in order not to fall under the steamroller of the “committee,” Gorbachev and Shevardnadze deliberately accelerated the processes of the collapse of the USSR. A remarkable touch. The famous meeting in Malta, December 1989. General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev and US President George H. W. Bush said at the end of the meeting that their countries were no longer adversaries. And on the eve of the historic visit, a terrible storm broke out at sea. It seemed as if nature itself was preventing something, trying to prevent some terrible tragedy. But what? Knowledgeable people tell how, during negotiations, a frantic American journalist appeared on the deck of a Soviet ship and said to his colleagues in the purest Russian: “Guys, your country is finished...”

Stavropol Judas

In the last years of perestroika, the country went into disarray. Gorbachev, in response to the alarming remarks of party officials that something was wrong, answered cheerfully: “We have everything calculated.” But the processes were controlled not only on Old Square. In April 1991, a plenum of the Moscow City Party Committee was held. The first secretary of the city committee, member of the CPSU Politburo Yuri Prokofiev announced the agenda.
It stated that the group of the Moscow party organization, together with a bloc of secretaries of Siberian and Ural party organizations, including committees of the largest industrial enterprises, was submitting for consideration of the upcoming plenum of the CPSU Central Committee a single point: the removal from the post of General Secretary of the CPSU Central Committee Mikhail Gorbachev. However, behind the scenes, Mikhail Sergeevich outplayed his opponents. It turned out that the plenum was postponed to the end of August. And in the meantime, it was planned to sign the Union Treaty developed in Novo-Ogarevo.
State Emergency Committee. Let’s assume that Kryuchkov and his comrades would not have acted in August 1991. And what? Nothing special. The plenum of the CPSU Central Committee was held, President Gorbachev was removed from party power. In the future, the course of events could develop as follows: the CPSU would lose its influence, embarking on the path of reform (a split into two or three parties - that same Andropov version), the transition of the economy to a market economy would be launched as planned (following the Chinese model), democracy would be built, but not according to Western false patterns.
With such a combination, both Gorbachev and Yeltsin would have been removed from the “great game.” So the August conspiracy objectively played into the hands of Mikhail Sergeevich, who in this way tried to outplay the party opposition. Yeltsin also benefited, who, if the Union Treaty was signed, retained the post of Chairman of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR. However, after the State Emergency Committee, the chances were lost.
...Once one of the former presidents of the former Soviet republic asked Gorbachev: “Why are you tearing our people away from the Russians?” In response, Gorbachev simply lowered his eyes. He betrayed those who at first believed his demagoguery and hoped to lead the country out of the political and economic impasse through just one maneuver, playing according to the principle of “both ours and yours.” Selfishness in life and politics, personal irresponsibility - this is the verdict of history.
When starting reforms of the USSR in 1985, M.S. Gorbachev acted according to a clearly developed “Council on International Relations”. He, of course, did not know its contents, and he hardly knew about its existence. The real architects of perestroika know how to keep secrets. M. Gorbachev simply knew that external forces helped him come to power, whose requests he had to listen to. Only D. Rockefeller knew the full contents of the plan. M. Thatcher, G. Kissinger, Z. Brzezinski and a number of other people knew about some components of the plan. Let's call it the “Combine” plan. Just like the top secret 1943 “Rankin” plan for information warfare against the USSR, the “Combineer” plan will never be published. It is symbolic, however, that if the initiator of the Rankin plan was W. Churchill, then the British woman M. Thatcher played a key role in the Combiner plan. In fact, it was she who managed to carry out a successful recruitment approach to M.S. Gorbachev, using his suggestibility and ambition in 1984. At the same time, she had a plump folder with compromising information on the former Stavropol combine operator, prepared for her by the resident of the foreign intelligence of the KGB of the USSR in London and at the same time an agent of the British intelligence MI6 (since 1974), Colonel Oleg Antonovich Gordievsky.
November 14, 1985 O.A. Gordievsky was sentenced in absentia “for treason to the Motherland” to death with confiscation of property. The sentence was not canceled even after the collapse of the USSR.
The Combiner plan also had a clear economic component, aimed at disorganizing the Soviet economy and its falling under the influence of transnational corporations. To some extent, it was the “Marshall Plan 2” for the economic enslavement of the USSR.
At the end of 1987, when the USSR Government prepared its proposals for the country's economy for 1988. According to these proposals, the solid national economic plan was transformed into a state order, fully provided with financial and material resources. At the same time, the order was reduced to 90 - 95% of the total production volume, and the remaining 5 - 10% of the production of the enterprise received the right to dispose at its own discretion on the basis of contractual relations. In subsequent years, using the experience gained, it was planned to gradually establish the optimal level of government orders.
At a meeting of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee at the end of 1987, M. Gorbachev achieved a decision to finalize the Government's draft, as a result of which the level of government orders was reduced by one third, and for a number of ministries - by more than half. It is obvious that M. Gorbachev acted on external instructions.
I believe that these were deliberate actions to collapse the Soviet economy. Everything went in accordance with the USSR KGB memo of 1977 on the formation of the Fifth Column. Let us recall some of its provisions:
“1. The US CIA, based on the analysis and forecast of its specialists about the future paths of development of the USSR, is developing plans to intensify hostile activities aimed at the disintegration of Soviet society and the disorganization of the socialist economy.
2. For these purposes, American intelligence sets the task of recruiting agents of influence from among Soviet citizens, training them and further promoting them into the sphere of management of politics, economics and science of the Soviet Union.
3. The CIA has developed individual training programs for agents of influence, providing for their acquisition of espionage skills, as well as their concentrated political and ideological indoctrination. In addition, one of the most important aspects of training such agents is the teaching of management methods at the leading level of the national economy.
4. The leadership of American intelligence plans to purposefully and persistently, regardless of costs, search for individuals who, based on their personal and business qualities, are capable of occupying administrative positions in the management apparatus in the future and fulfilling the tasks formulated by the enemy.”
Following the instructions of M.S. Gorbachev, taking advantage of free contract prices, many enterprises at first began to receive huge amounts of money - excess profits, but not due to increased production, but due to their monopoly position. As a result, income in 1988 increased by 40 billion rubles, in 1989 - by 60 billion rubles, and in 1990 - by 100 billion rubles. (instead of the usual increase of 10 billion rubles). The consumer market was blown up, all goods literally “flyed” off the shelves. Everywhere they began to discontinue unprofitable products, and the cheap assortment was washed out. While government orders were sharply reduced in mechanical engineering and a number of other industries, in the fuel and energy complex it amounted to 100%. Miners bought everything they needed for production at negotiated prices, and sold coal at state prices. This was one of the main reasons for the outbreak of miners' strikes. Justice has been violated. There was a break in the established relationships in the national economy. Regional interests began to come to the fore, which became fertile ground for separatism. The result of perestroika was a socio-economic collapse: control over production, finance, and money circulation was lost. But this was the main goal of Operation Perestroika as part of the “Combineer” information war plan against the USSR.
Before perestroika, the USSR state budget was adopted and executed without a deficit.
In 1988, it was adopted for the first time without revenues exceeding expenses in a balanced amount. But already in 1989, the USSR state budget was adopted with a budget deficit of about 36 billion rubles, but State Bank loans were included in budget revenues, which had never before been included in budget revenues in the amount of over 64 billion rubles.
That is, in fact, the budget deficit amounted to 100 billion rubles! Therefore, the consumer market was soon “exploded”, and problems began with the food supply of the population.
The abandonment of the monopoly on the production and sale of alcoholic beverages only in 1989 led to the loss of turnover tax revenues by the state budget of more than 20 billion rubles.
The country's economy began to experience problems, production volumes decreased by 20% compared to 1985, prices steadily crept up, and unemployment appeared.
During the years of perestroika, public external debt increased many times and became the main means of covering the budget deficit. State internal debt grew even more rapidly.
After M. Gorbachev came to power, crime increased sharply. The number of crimes increased by 30% annually. Already in 1989, the number of prisoners in the USSR (1.6 million people) became 2 times more than in 1937. The number of intentional murders in 1989 (19 thousand) was one and a half times greater than the number of Soviet soldiers killed in Afghanistan over TEN YEARS.
And in these unstable socio-economic conditions, POLITICAL REFORM begins. A similar scheme was used by the CIA and MI6 in 1953 to overthrow the Mossadegh government in Iran, after which oil production came under the control of transnational corporations.
During the POLITICAL REFORM, the informational moral liquidation of all heroes and outstanding people who constituted the pride of the Russian people was carried out. During its course, the emphasis was placed on the implementation of Allen Dulles's keynote speech in 1945. Almost all the heroes of the Great Patriotic War were subjected to sophisticated slanderous accusations and abuse, the same was done in relation to more distant Russian history, including Peter I, Catherine II, Ivan the Terrible. The devilization of individuals and historical periods of Rus' began. All Russian history, according to the versions of the late 80s, was the history of nonentities. So, gradually, step by step, the idea of the inferiority of the Russian people began to be instilled. These information and ideological actions were successfully carried out by the “Colombian” A.N. Yakovlev, who was simultaneously close to both M.S. Gorbachev and CIA agent O. Kalugin.
The media, supervised by A.N. Yakovlev, proclaimed the concept of freedom of speech and launched a phased anti-state campaign. Taking into account the interaction carried out by the “Colombian” A.N. Yakovlev with another “Colombian” - the USSR KGB general and CIA agent O. Kalugin, it can be assumed that the main “temniks” and comments for the Soviet media were developed overseas. The comments developed in New York were based on the findings of the so-called “Harvard Project,” a study led by Allen Dulles aimed at studying the deep mechanisms of public consciousness in the USSR and searching for “pain points” for its destruction. Under external information and ideological control, the Soviet media began to work to destroy the state. The media was led by a group of globalist-Trotskyists (A. Yakovlev, V. Medvedev, V. Korotich, D. Volkogonov, etc.), who previously strictly punished dissent and carried out strict censorship of “anti-socialist” views. They were M. Gorbachev's closest associates in the collapse of the USSR.
Rewriting history became widespread. An illustration can be the replacement of the crimes of the Western colonialists, who carried out the enslavement and mass destruction of defenseless peoples, with their supposedly educational civilizing mission with the establishment of democratic ideals. But the development of the West, starting from the 15th century, occurred largely due to the robbery of colonies. In fact, Western Europe as a whole exploited vast masses of enslaved people. The colonial model of world development created by the British Empire was unjust. Internal European contradictions were smoothed over by income from the colonies. Russia lived off its own labor and created its own wealth. She also had to continuously repel external invasions from the West and East.
The Trotskyist globalists, having organized information cover from the media and the loyal West, launched a total purge at all levels of government of the USSR. In 1986-1989 under pressure from M. Gorbachev, 82.2% of the secretaries of regional committees, regional committees and republican Central Committees of the CPSU were removed from their posts. This was the largest purge in the entire history of the CPSU. And this was not just a personnel shuffling. This was their defeat, in accordance with the recommendations of the Council on Foreign Relations. The country was being prepared for collapse. Massive fire was opened to kill the “headquarters”. Powerful anti-state propaganda was launched on Soviet television channels, ostensibly to combat the mythical BRAKING MECHANISM on the part of party cadres. The term itself, BRAKING MECHANISM, was coined by specialists at Harvard University. At the first stage, the “dogmatic Suslovites”, led by member of the Politburo of the CPSU Central Committee Yegor Ligachev, also took part in the destruction of the Soviet management system. Then it will be the turn of the “dogmatists.” But it was they who were used at first as a battering ram to destroy the CPSU. After all, the positions of the globalist-Trotskyists before 1987 were weak in the Soviet system of governance. And they could not do without the support of “technocrats” and “dogmatists”.
The KEY FACTOR of the collapse of the USSR was the anti-state course of M. Gorbachev. It was M. Gorbachev who laid the main mines, the explosion of which in 1991 led to the collapse of the USSR.
Having revised the system of previous geopolitical priorities of the USSR-Russia, M. Gorbachev began to formulate a new foreign policy course. It was based on the abstract primacy of universal human values. The implementation of the new foreign policy course in practice led to unilateral concessions and took destructive forms.
The excessively forced withdrawal of our troops from Eastern Europe had the consequences of a sharp weakening of the geopolitical interests of the USSR-Russia. The collapse of many years of contacts with former allies led to the ousting of the USSR-Russia from many regions of the world, leading to major geopolitical and economic losses.
The American newspaper WASHINGTON POST published an article on December 15, 1991 with an analysis of the reign of M.S. Gorbachev. The newspaper data shows what the economic efficiency, one might say “profitability,” of the information war against the USSR is.

Name.........................1985................1991
Soviet gold reserves......2500 tons................240 tons
Official dollar exchange rate...0.64 rubles................90 rubles
Economic growth rate.......+2.3%....................- 11%
External debt, dollars.............10.5 billion......52.0 billion.

If we try to objectively analyze the reasons for the defeat of the USSR in the information war, then the main reason is the inability of the CPSU Central Committee and the KGB of the USSR to counteract, which led to the creation of the Fifth Column within the USSR and the coming to the leadership of the country of a group of globalist Trotskyists led by M. Gorbachev.

Diagnostics and diseases. Medicines from A to Z

The first president of the USSR was Gorbachev. First and last: how Gorbachev became president of the USSR plot

Biography of Gorbachev

At administrative work

Moscow

Gorbachev's Perestroika

Principles of foreign and domestic policy

Publicity policy

Anti-alcohol reform

Gorbachev's reforms in foreign policy

Reasons for failure

Merits of M. S. Gorbachev

Conclusion

Publicity policy

In what year did Gorbachev become President of the USSR?

Concentration of power

Victory or defeat?

"New Thinking" Abroad

Economic disaster

Independence movements

August putsch

Collapse of the USSR

Heritage