Little is known about vitamin D and its beneficial properties, and even less is known about the fact that almost every resident of Russia suffers from vitamin D deficiency. Next, I would like to talk about what kind of vitamin this is, how it is useful, how to avoid vitamin deficiency and what foods to eat to avoid vitamin deficiency.
Please note that before you do anything, get tested for vitamin D levels, because an overdose is no better than a deficiency.
Beneficial properties of vitamin D
We all need vitamin D. His beneficial influence and functions are indispensable for our body. Vitamin D strengthens teeth and bones; thanks to it, children are ensured normal growth and full development of skeletal bones; it also increases muscle strength and strengthens heart vessels. The beneficial functions of vitamin D also play an important role in the absorption of phosphorus in the human body. A lack of vitamins of group “D” will cause frequent fractures and lead to diseases such as osteoporosis and rickets. Oddly enough, the role of vitamin D does not end with just protection and beneficial properties bones, we must not forget that it interferes with the development skin diseases, heart disease, cysts, various malignant formations such as cancer. Vitamins of group “D” prevent weakening of muscles and aging of skin tissue, it improves immunity, promotes stable functioning and normalization of blood clotting.
Video about vitamin D
Video that explains what vitamin D is, what foods contain it, and how to avoid vitamin D deficiency
Sources of vitamin D
The most important source of vitamin D is sun rays. Under the influence of the Sun, our body itself produces this necessary substance. Here you can notice that light skin produces more vitamin in the human body than dark skin, and in young people it is synthesized much more actively than in older people. An interesting fact is that we get more vitamin D from the setting and rising sun than from the daytime sun. In this case, it is necessary to take into account air pollution, because it prevents the penetration of those spectra of sunlight that are responsible for the production of vitamin D. It is better to sunbathe outside the city in fresh and clean air.
Products containing vitamin D
The largest amount of vitamins D is found in fish. Rich sources are salmon, mackerel, herring, as well as cod and halibut liver, caviar, sprats in oil, seafood and animal products such as beef and pork liver. Don't forget about raw egg yolks, butter, cottage cheese and cheese, they are also leaders in vitamin D content. But the first place is occupied by fish fat, in its 100 grams contains 0.21 mg of vitamin, which is 20 times higher than the body’s daily requirement for vitamin D.
In products plant origin the amount of vitamin D is lower. But nevertheless, it contains potatoes, parsley, nuts, mushrooms, oatmeal and products such as nettle, dandelion greens, horsetail and alfalfa. Of the plant foods, nuts are the source of the highest vitamin D content.
The daily requirement for vitamin D is 2.5 mcg.
It is called vitamin D, but many biochemists consider it a hormone. In any case, vitamin D is different from all other vitamins.
We produce it ourselves. Not in the intestines, like all other vitamins, but in the skin. The fact is that skin cells contain a cholesterol compound that eagerly awaits the first rays of sunlight in the morning. As soon as it is touched by ultraviolet rays, a provitamin is created without any participation of enzymes, which is then, without any haste, converted into vitamin D 3 (cholecalciferol). As soon as it is ripe, protein carriers appear and transport vitamin molecules into the blood, to body cells and storage sites. This vitamin can be absorbed from food in the intestinal walls. Fish oil, fatty fish such as herring, salmon, mackerel, and eggs are especially rich in vitamin D.
Functions of vitamin D in the body
The molecules of this vitamin perform the main task in the body - the absorption of calcium and the use of its salts for the formation of bones and teeth. Thus, vitamin D maintains skeletal strength and stability. Because women lose bone mass during menopause, they should reverse Special attention to supply the body with sufficient vitamin D.
Although 99% of all calcium in the body is used for the needs of bones and teeth, the tasks of the remaining one percent are also extremely important. The fact is that calcium plays the first violin in the transmission of nerve impulses between nerve and brain cells. Calcium ions circulate through tiny channels between cell membranes and transmit signals from cell to cell. This is important not only for coordinated muscle activity, but also for the exchange of hormones, for growth, for the already mentioned neurotransmitters that bring us calm or, conversely, joyful excitement and optimism. Therefore, modern neurophysiologists consider calcium to be the best sedative. But nature has known it in this capacity since time immemorial. If animals, such as roe deer or hares, have experienced severe stress(say, after being rescued from a chase), they instinctively seek out calcium-rich plants such as thyme, rosemary, dill, sage or marjoram, which contain almost 2.5% nerve-soothing calcium. But in order for calcium to begin to have its effect, “sunshine” vitamin D is needed.
Vitamin D, discovered by ultra-modern analytical instruments, gradually begins to reveal its secrets and demonstrate all the new amazing tasks that it solves in our body. Scientists are finding more and more receptors for the “solar” elixir, especially in the cells of the immune system. This vitamin probably plays a role in muscle strength. Of great interest is one of the latest discoveries: vitamin D in the nuclei of cells that form bones uses the same receptors as estrogen. As is known, deficiency of this sex hormone during menopause leads to bone atrophy. Thus, biochemists for the first time discovered the hitherto unknown interaction of estrogen, calcium and vitamin D.
Vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium and the use of its salts in the formation of bones and teeth. Vitamin D gives strength to our skeleton. Since women experience bone loss during menopause, they should ensure that their body gets enough vitamin D .
The first signs of vitamin D deficiency
Myopia
Tooth loss and decay
Muscle weakness
Painful thickening of the joints
Increased excitability
Nervous disorders, irritability
Insomnia
Depressive state
How does vitamin D get into body cells?
Fat-soluble vitamin D is released from the food mass in the intestine with the help of bile salts, just like fat or cholesterol molecules, is surrounded by a protein coat and is sent to the liver in the form of so-called lipoproteins. There, the vitamin is again freed from its protein packaging (fat-like substances cannot be transported in the blood in any other way). Just like vitamin D from the skin, these molecules are sent to the kidneys and are again dynamically “charged” there. Now they are in full combat readiness to begin forming bones. Their cousin vitamin A, also fat-soluble, is heavily involved in this work.
How does vitamin D work?
Vitamin D keeps a close eye on ensuring that the calcium concentration in the blood never falls below a certain level. A sufficient amount of calcium in the body guarantees a person healthy, strong bones. The strength of our bones and teeth is not always the same: their structure changes every hour depending on the intake nutrients. The spent bone mass is removed and new bone is created in its place. If our bones ache in the morning, we need to eat 200 grams of cottage cheese and drink the juice of two lemons, and by lunchtime you will feel “in shape” again, especially if you do a few more gymnastic exercises. So in a simple way Each of us can avoid the danger of becoming a victim of frequent fractures.
If the calcium concentration in the blood drops (the reason for this may be smoked sausage with fried potatoes, cake or canned goulash from a jar), a small amount of parathormone enters the bloodstream, stimulating the production of vitamin D in the kidneys. Cells in the intestinal mucosa are tasked with sending more calcium and phosphates into the blood. In addition, the kidneys now intensively retain calcium and do not excrete it. important mineral with urine. Finally, calcium can be taken from the bones and sent into the blood. The real reason for this complex process is that, first of all, the need of nerve cells for calcium must be satisfied. The one percent calcium level in the blood should not decrease under any circumstances. Otherwise, our muscles will soon stop contracting, which can lead to cardiac arrest. Therefore, calcium in the intestines has special transport means at its disposal, the so-called calbindins, which quickly deliver this mineral into the blood and attach it to active enzymes and proteins. Thus, certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin C and calcium, "travel first class."
If a sufficient amount of calcium has accumulated in the intestinal walls, vitamin D ensures that the mineral borrowed from it is returned to the skeletal system. If there is not enough calcium in food, it is still washed out of the bones in order to maintain the required level of this substance in the blood. This often leads to osteoporosis, bone atrophy. If there is not enough vitamin D, then there is a danger of osteomalasia - softening of the bones. Without vitamin D, neither calcium nor phosphorus is absorbed in sufficient quantities, and bones lose the necessary strength.
The latest discovery is vitamin D has the same receptor in the nucleus of bone-forming cells as the sex hormone estrogen.
How to eliminate vitamin D deficiency
A lack of vitamin D can occur due to unbalanced absorption of fats. Without bile salts, vitamin D cannot pass from the intestines into the blood. During the winter months in our latitudes there is often not enough daylight for the production of the vitamin in the skin. In addition, polluted air and window glass block the ultraviolet rays necessary for vitamin synthesis. Many people feel so good during a vacation in the sunny south because their body accumulates a lot of vitamin D, which significantly strengthens the skeletal system.
Vitamin D is fat soluble and can therefore be stored in the body. Therefore, you should not buy this vitamin at the pharmacy and take it uncontrollably in the hope that in a week you will have wonderful teeth and bones. Although raw food contains almost no vitamin D, and in general this vitamin is rarely found in food, you can easily meet the need for it through fish (herring, sardines, mackerel, trout), liver, butter, milk and eggs. The main thing is to expose your face and hands to the sun or daylight for at least ten minutes every day.
High doses of vitamin D (for example, in tablets) can lead to serious consequences. Not to mention the fact that the vitamin itself, at high concentrations in the blood and tissues, can become toxic, which leads to hypercalcemia, high level calcium content in the blood. In this case, excess calcium enters soft fabrics, such as the kidneys, heart, lungs or blood vessels, and is deposited there in the form of lime. The consequence of this may be atherosclerosis.
Because the large cluster Vitamin D in the blood can have a toxic effect, nature has invented protection against this danger. Otherwise, people living in the south near the equator would become victims of the vitamin produced in their own skin. Therefore, nature decided to protect people from too hot sun by changing the color of their skin. The dark pigment melanin, made of copper and the amino acid tyrosine, blocks ultraviolet rays and reduces the production of vitamin D.
However, in the process of getting a beautiful tan, we produce two-thirds more vitamin D than when we avoid sunlight. In addition, with our constant exposure to the sun, cholesterol in the skin forms inactive substances such as lumisteria instead of vitamin D to reduce the harmful effects.
The more time we spend in the sun, the less vitamin D is synthesized in the skin. This is noticeable because the first days spent in the sun strengthen our strength and give us a boost of energy, but staying in the sun for several weeks often leads us to fatigue. , lethargy and nervousness.
If there is not enough calcium in food, it constantly taken from the bone substance. This leads to osteomalasia, that is, softening of the bones, and at an early age - to rickets. When we sunbathe, we produce two-thirds more vitamin in our skin D than when we avoid the sun's rays.
How much vitamin D does a person need?
Children, adolescents and adults require 5 to 10 mcg daily, and in those growing, this dose may exceed 10 mcg due to bone formation. These figures apply to people who are almost never exposed to the sun and must therefore cover their vitamin D deficiency through food. Those who spend 20 minutes daily in the sun or at least 30 minutes of exposed skin to daylight can get by with half or even a third of this dose.
Particularly rich in vitamin D
Food Micrograms
fish oil (two teaspoons) 242
Herring (100 gr) 25
Mackerel (100 gr) 24
Salmon (100 gr) 12
Sardines in oil (100 g) 9
Tuna (100 gr) 6
Milk (1 cup) 3
Unrefined wheat grains(100 g) 3
Egg (1 yolk) 1
Liver (100 grams) 1
What to consider
These recommendations only apply to taking the vitamin with food, which at best is half the daily requirement. Over millions of years of development, vitamin D intake in humans has evolved in the same way as in animals. A significant part of the vitamin was synthesized in the body under the influence of ultraviolet rays. Our ancestors, as you know, spent the whole day outdoors and therefore did not experience any problems with vitamin D. Since a sufficient amount of this substance was produced in the skin under the influence of solar radiation.
Therefore, people who are constantly indoors and only rush out into the street at lunchtime to go shopping should additionally take vitamins with food. Milk is ideal for this. One liter can completely cover the daily requirement. People who do not miss the opportunity to spend time in the sun require a correspondingly smaller dose of vitamin D from food.
Those who don't miss a chance to be in the sun can... take less vitamin accordingly D with food than those who constantly spend time indoors.
Why is vitamin D needed?
Bone formation
Healthy teeth
Calcium balance
Sustainable nervous system
Optimism, liberation
Active muscle activity
Healthy heart
Persistent the immune system
Hormone synthesis
Normal blood circulation
Removing lead from the body
People who have low levels of vitamin D in their blood are more easily susceptible to lead poisoning and are therefore less protected. Dangerous lead molecules use the same transport pathways in the intestines as vitamin D. Therefore, it is important to consume enough calcium (for example, in milk, cottage cheese) to compete with lead poison daily.
Good memory, disease resistance, strong bones and beautiful skin, high intelligence is just a small list of the effects that taking vitamin supplements has on a child’s body. But a lack of vitamins entails disturbances not only in mental, but also in physical development.
Symptoms of vitamin deficiency in schoolchildren may include:
Increased fatigue;
Inability to assimilate educational material;
Inability to concentrate;
Restlessness.
As a result, children not only find it difficult to learn, but also to participate in games. Therefore, it is important to use vitamins to improve memory not only to improve the educational process, but also for a child’s full life.
1. Relevance.
Parents constantly tell their children about the benefits of walking and the harm of constantly spending time near the computer, TV, playing games on the phone and other gadgets.
So what is harmful about these, in our opinion, VERY useful and entertaining entertainment?
Are our parents right in forcing us to leave? modern world to the world of their childhood? Where in the winter there are snowball fights, downhill skiing, skiing, sledding, and in the summer - on bicycles, rollerblades, a lot of "interesting" outdoor games?
2. Hypothesis.
Vitamin D is synthesized from provitamins under the influence of ultraviolet radiation
3. The purpose of the project work.
With this research we want to achieve:
understanding the importance of walking and playing outdoors in maintaining health,
importance proper nutrition for good rest and work
compliance with the established rules of behavior in later life.
4. Description of work.
Stages of work.
Definition of project objectives. 1. Get to know the group of vitamins.2. Study the effect of vitamins on human health.3. Observe the solubility of vitamins different groups with the aim oftheir correct use.4. Learn techniques for preserving vitamins D in foods.
Distribution into microgroups
(you may need the help of a school psychologist for more productive work)
We were divided into 3 groups. In each microgroup, we got to know each other (we worked with a parallel class), compiled a list of group members and distributed responsibilities in writing. We entered the data into a collective diary, in which each of us could later write down our impressions of the group’s work.
Conducting a survey in order to determine the level of knowledge about vitamin D (questionnaire in the appendix)
Planning of project activities. Distribution of tasks into groups.
1 group
– conducting a social survey.Relevance of the issue
2nd group – searching for information about vitamin D. Bringing it to the rest of the study participants
3 group – making posters and presentations
Theoretical preparation (literature search, conversations with experts in the field of interest to us)
Conversation with parents – assistance in finding information.
Lecture by school nurse
Probably every adult remembers how, as a child, he was given tasteless and disgusting fish oil so that his bones would grow and his teeth would be strong. After all, it is in fish oil that it is most abundant. Other products containing vitamin D cannot boast such amounts of this vitamin. But still, what products contain it?
All about vitamin D
Vitamin D is synthesized from provitamins under the influence of ultraviolet radiation. The vitamin D group includes:
Ergocalciferol, or vitamin D2, isolated from yeast. Its provitamin is ergosterol;
Cholecalciferol, or vitamin D3, isolated from animal tissues. Its provitamin is the substance 7-dehydrocholesterol;
Vitamin D4, or 22, 23-dihydro-ergocalciferol;
Vitamin D5, or sitocalciferol, isolated from wheat oil;
Stigma-calciferol, or vitamin D6.
But a person only needs vitamin D2 and D3. These are fat-soluble vitamins that can withstand high temperatures.
Vitamin D synthesis in the human body
Vitamin D is synthesized in plants and animals. Plants and animals contain substances called provitamins. They are converted into vitamin D under the influence of sunlight. But this vitamin is most found in animal foods. Plant foods are less rich in it.
Per day for an adult healthy person About 10 micrograms of this vitamin are required. In children, the daily requirement goes beyond this to 15, and sometimes 20 micrograms during the period of active growth. Products rich in vitamin D should be increased in the diet of pregnant and lactating women.
Part daily requirement in the vitamin can be replenished due to its synthesis in the body from provitamins. So, you can satisfy half daily norm. But vitamin D is synthesized in various quantities depending on the following factors:
Solar wavelength. The spectrum of waves received during sunrise and sunset has a beneficial effect on the synthesis of vitamin D;
Age. The older a person is, the less vitamin is synthesized in his body;
Air pollution. Dirty air prevents the penetration of the desired spectrum of ultraviolet rays;
Skin pigmentation. A person with fair skin will receive a large portion of vitamin D.
Benefits of vitamin D
Vitamin D is a substance responsible for normal formation and growth bone tissue. The vitamin regulates phosphorus and calcium metabolism in the body. It normalizes heart function and blood clotting processes. With its help, withdrawal from human body lead and other heavy metals harmful to health. In combination with ascorbic acid and vitamin A, it helps resist colds. It helps absorb calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin A.
With the help of vitamin D, diseases such as tuberculosis, psoriasis, conjunctivitis and epilepsy are successfully treated.
Compared to other biologically active substances, the effect of vitamin D is very narrow. But if there is a lack of it in the body in children:
Sleep is disturbed;
Increased sweating appears;
The fontanel closes;
It takes a long time for teeth to erupt;
Irritability appears;
Muscle tone weakens;
The bones of the spine, lower extremities and ribs soften and become deformed.
In this case, in adults, only softening of the bones is observed, as a result of which the risk of a fracture increases.
If you are deficient in vitamin D, you must include foods containing it in your diet. Animal products contain it in greater quantities. IN plant products it is rare.
Hypervitaminosis
This disease is very rare. If you have too much vitamin D:
Fatigue sets in quickly;
Weakness appears;
Headache;
The functioning of the heart and kidneys is impaired;
Blood pressure increases;
Eyes become inflamed;
Itchy skin;
Nausea and vomiting appear;
The functioning of the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted;
Weight loss rapidly.
In this case, it is necessary to exclude the use medicines with vitamin D, and also review your diet. If the foods you eat contain this vitamin, then such foods should be excluded.
In what products? this substance is contained in the greatest number?
Table of foods with vitamin D
Below is a table showing the vitamin D content of foods per 100 grams of edible portion. The table also contains information about how many grams of a certain product you need to consume to meet your daily requirement for the vitamin.
ProductsVitamin D content (mcg)
Amount of product to meet daily requirement (g)
Fish fat
200
Cod liver
100
Herring
Halibut black
Carp
Acne
Chinook
Chum salmon
16,3
Farm trout
Mackerel
Pink salmon
Black caviar
125
Chicken egg
2,2
454
Butter
1,2
833
Hard cheese
1000
This table will tell you what foods you need to eat in order not to suffer from a lack of vitamin D. It is very useful to include them in the diet of children, for whom this vitamin plays a very important role.
Production of posters, presentations .
Time spent working on the project.
The duration of work on the project was 2 weeks.
Product of project activity.
Poster showing foods containing vitamin D.
Presentation.
5. Reflection of activity.
The need for vitamins increases during the period of child growth, under any stress.
Vitamins are consumed in large quantities during diseases. For best absorption, vitamins should be taken simultaneously with food and minerals
Conclusion
Including vitamins in your diet is a must. Vitamins have unique properties. They can eliminate side effect other medications and generally undesirable effects on the human body. Therefore, deficiency of vitamins or their complete absence, can not only adversely affect the human body, but also lead to the development of serious diseases.
A diet rich in vitamins is beneficial for every patient. Of course, before you start taking vitamin preparation, you need to consult a doctor.
We decided to consider the importance of vitaminDfor the child's body. This vitamin is interesting to us because it is produced in the body under the influence of the sun and fresh air.
By periodically being in the sun, a person receives sufficient amounts of vitamin D.
Vitamins of group D are formed in animal tissues and in some plants.
In animal products, vitamin D is found in fish oil, egg yolk, caviar, dairy products, cheese, and butter. Plant sources of vitamin D include mushrooms, nettles, and parsley.
The properties of vitamins are varied, but all vitamins are the right amount strengthen human health.
While working on the project, we learned:
about the two groups of vitamins, the features of their absorption by the body
about the influence of vitamins on human health.
about methods of preserving vitamins in foods
We also realized that playing outdoors is much healthier than spending time in front of TV and computers! My parents were right in sending us out into the street! They take care of us, and do not harm us!
Job prospects
In the future, we want to observe the effect of vitamins on our health. Together with your parents, we will create a food menu for the month, including foods rich in vitamins. We will monitor our performance, mood, and health.
We will discuss the results with classmates. Let's have conversations with peers about healthy way nutrition.
This will help the students in our class and I become healthier, more resilient and inquisitive.
Application
Questionnaire
1. Do you pay attention to your health?
a) yes
b) no
c) sometimes
2. You eat:
a) varied
b) which you like
c) what kind do you have at home?
3. You eat:
a) by mode
b) when necessary
c) when I want to eat
4. How often do you take vitamins:
a) daily
b) when they buy
c) occasionally
5. How much vitamins do you take:
a) as much as I want
b) following the recommendation
6. Do you know what vitamins are:
a) food additive
b) medicine
7. How is vitamin D produced in the body?
a) through walking and eating special foods
b) when constantly playing on a tablet
c) your option ______________________________________________________________
Municipal budgetary educational institution
"Average comprehensive school No. 4"
SUBJECT
Region scientific knowledge, considered in the work
Nomination “I will save my health”
FI completely, class, school
Full name of the head
G. Kashira, 2016
Why is vitamin D needed?
Vitamin D is one of the key factors in the development and maintenance of healthy bone tissue throughout a person’s life. Its main function is to regulate calcium levels in the body. With vitamin D deficiency, young children develop rickets, and older children and adults develop osteomalacia. Research recent years show that vitamin D deficiency plays a role in the development of cardiovascular, autoimmune and cancer diseases, diabetes mellitus the second type, infectious pathology.
What are the sources of vitamin D?
Vitamin D is unique in that it can be formed in the skin under the influence of sunlight. In addition, vitamin D is present in food, but in small quantities. There are two forms of vitamin D - D 3 and D 2, the effect of which is approximately the same. Vitamin D 3 is found in sufficient quantities in a few foods, including fish oil (400 - 1000 IU per teaspoon), fatty fish(mackerel, salmon, sardine, tuna - content 250 - 300 IU/100 g), egg yolk (20 IU in one chicken yolk), beef liver. Vitamin D 2 can be obtained from mushrooms (100 IU/100 g fresh mushrooms), yeast and some plants. Breast milk contains only 15 - 50 IU of vitamin D per liter, which cannot meet the baby's needs.
There are also foods artificially fortified with vitamin D - infant formula (400 IU/1000 ml), milk, yoghurts, butter, cheese, bread, cereals and even beer.
Can Natural Sources Meet Vitamin D Requirements?
The formation of vitamin D in the skin under the influence of sunlight is influenced by latitude, season, time of day, cloudiness and degree of air pollution. Considering geographical position Russia, in our region, vitamin D is formed in the skin in sufficient quantities only in summer sunny days. In this case, the child should be under direct sun rays at least 30 minutes a week if he is wearing only a diaper, or 2 hours a week if only his face and hands are exposed. People with dark skin have a lower ability to produce vitamin D because melanin acts as a barrier to sunlight. At the same time, we must not forget that pediatricians do not recommend that children under 6 months be exposed to direct sunlight, as this increases the risk of skin cancer.
A child who is on artificial feeding and eats at least 1 liter of formula daily, receives about 400 IU of vitamin D per day. Breast milk does not meet vitamin D requirements. Older children receive on average 150 - 250 IU of vitamin D per day from food. The growing body's need for vitamin D is 5 to 10 times higher, and this primarily concerns early and adolescent children.
Is the production of vitamin D in the skin reduced when using sunscreens?
&> Yes, sunscreen with SPF 8 and above, the production of vitamin D in the skin is reduced by 95%.
Can the body build up a supply of vitamin D for future use?
Vitamin D belongs to fat-soluble vitamins. “Excess” vitamin D is stored in adipose tissue, can be stored for several months and used as needed. Therefore, some pediatricians prescribe vitamin D once a week, once a month, or even once every 6 months.
You can also build up your supply of vitamin D through sun exposure. For example, people who work in direct sunlight in the summer produce enough vitamin D to last through several winter months.
Why is vitamin D deficiency dangerous?
As a result of vitamin D deficiency, bone deformations occur (rickets develops) and the risk of fractures increases. Children with vitamin D deficiency are usually more irritable, develop worse (begin to walk later), and have a decreased appetite. These manifestations are accompanied by delayed teething and pathology of tooth enamel.
How can you tell if a child or adult is vitamin D deficient?
In addition to symptoms that suggest vitamin D deficiency, it is possible to get tested for calcidiol levels, one of the forms of vitamin D. Normally, calcidiol levels should range from 50 to 150 nmol/l.
What medications are available in Russia to prevent vitamin D deficiency?
In Russia, capsules for children from birth D 3 Vit Baby are available, each of which contains 200 IU (5 mcg) of vitamin D 3, an oil solution of vitamin D 3 (Vigantol), which contains 20,000 IU of vitamin D 3 in 1 ml, an aqueous solution vitamin D 3 (Aquadetrim), which contains 15,000 IU of vitamin D 3 in 1 ml, oil solution of vitamin D 3 for oral and intramuscular administration (Vitamin D 3 BON), which contains 200,000 IU in 1 ml. Several studies have shown that the bioavailability of vitamin D is similar between vitamin D oil solution and vitamin D powder and aqueous solution. Moreover, in some children with intestinal diseases, the absorption of an oil solution of vitamin D is even less effective compared to a powder and aqueous solution.
In what doses should vitamin D be given to prevent vitamin D deficiency?
A child who is fed formula should be given 400 IU of vitamin D if he receives less than 1 liter of formula per day. All children in the first year of life who are breastfed and mixed fed should be prescribed 400 IU from the first days of life. These recommendations also apply to premature babies.
Children over 1 year of age and adults should get 600 IU of vitamin D daily.
Should I stop taking preventative vitamin D in the summer?
Given the northern location of Russia (for example, Moscow is located at 55° north latitude), it is recommended to continue prophylactic vitamin D intake regardless of the time of year.
Is it possible to overdose on vitamin D if you stay in the sun for a long time?
If a person is in the sun for a long time, excess vitamin D 3 formed in the skin begins to be destroyed, so an overdose of vitamin D cannot happen.
What is the danger of an overdose of vitamin D?
Toxic reactions from taking vitamin D are extremely rare. It has been proven that a single dose of 300,000 IU of vitamin D (this is, for example, 2 bottles of Aquadetrim) is safe. Toxic reactions typically occur in children with rare inborn errors of vitamin D metabolism and in people with sarcoidosis. Symptoms of a vitamin D overdose are nausea, vomiting, thirst, and impaired renal function.
The year of publishing: 2018
Number of pages: 96
ISBN: 978-5-9500710-6-5
Publisher: Pediatrician
The program was created on the initiative of the Russian Union of Pediatricians.
The purpose of this National Program, prepared by a group of experts from various specialties representing leading clinical and research centers, and based on several large all-Russian studies, is to summarize literature data on the importance of vitamin D in the body, formulate a unified concept and widely implement agreed upon principles into clinical practice. recommendations for the diagnosis, prevention and correction of vitamin D deficiency in children aged 0 to 18 years. This publication represents the first step taken by the Russian pediatric community in solving global problem maintaining the supply of vitamin D to the child population of the country. Clinical recommendations are presented for the diagnosis, prevention and correction of vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents. The program is intended for medical specialists (pediatricians, nutritionists, pediatric endocrinologists, orthopedists, pediatric nephrologists, phthisiatricians and doctors of other specialties), as well as senior students of medical universities.
Reviews
Preface
Introduction
Main provisions of the program
1. History of ideas about vitamin D
2. Metabolism and biological functions vitamin D in the human body
4. Clinical manifestations of low vitamin D status
4.1. Bone (calcemic) manifestations of low vitamin D supply in the body
4.1.1. Rickets
4.1.2. Osteoporosis
4.2. Extraosseous (non-calcemic) manifestations of low vitamin D deficiency in the body
4.2.1. The role of vitamin D in regulating the body's immune function
4.2.2. The role of vitamin D in anti-infective protection
4.2.3. The effectiveness of dietary supplementation with vitamin D to prevent and/or reduce infectious diseases
4.2.4. The role of vitamin D in the genesis and course of allergic pathology in children and adolescents
4.2.5. The role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases
4.2.6. Antitumor effects of vitamin D
4.2.7. Vitamin D deficiency and endocrine diseases
4.2.8. Vitamin D deficiency and cardiovascular disease
4.2.9. Vitamin D deficiency and kidney disease
4.2.10. Vitamin D and rickets-like diseases.
4.2.11. Vitamin D and urolithiasis4.2.12. Cognitive and neuroplastic potential of vitamin D
5. Prevalence of low vitamin D supply in the territory Russian Federation in different age groups
5.1. Prevalence of low vitamin D status among children early age on the territory of the Russian Federation
5.2. Assessment of vitamin D provision in children of the older age group
6. Prevention and correction of low vitamin D status
6.1. Food sources and dosage levels of vitamin D
6.2. Vitamin-fortified foods
6.3. Vitamin D use during pregnancy
6.4. Correction of low vitamin D status with increased doses
6.5. Vitamin D compensation in children and adolescents under various conditions
6.6. The use of vitamin D for various diseases in children
7. Vitamin D in newborns and premature babies
7.1. Hypovitaminosis D in newborns and premature infants: frequency and risk factors
7.2. Features of vitamin D metabolism in newborns and premature infants
7.3. Clinical manifestations of vitamin D deficiency in newborns and premature infants
7.4. Prevention and correction of vitamin D deficiency in newborns and premature infants
7.5. Monitoring 25(OH)D levels in newborns and premature infants
8. Correction of low vitamin D supply in different age groups in the Russian Federation
8.1. Vitamin D compensation in early childhood
8.1.1. Analysis of the effectiveness of a scheme for the prevention and correction of hypovitaminosis D in young children
8.1.2. Safety of a regimen for the prevention and drug correction of hypovitaminosis D in young children
8.2. Correction of vitamin D deficiency in older children
9. Safety of vitamin D supplementation using the example of hypercalcemia.