A person receives primary information about the world around him through sensation and perception. However, a person can, long after he has perceived an object, evoke (accidentally or intentionally) the image of this object again. This phenomenon is called "performance".

Presentation is mental process reflections of objects or phenomena that are not currently perceived, but are recreated based on previous experience.

The basis of representation is the perception of objects that took place in the past. Several types of representations can be distinguished. Firstly, these are memory representations, that is, representations that arose on the basis of direct perception in the past of an object or phenomenon. Secondly, these are ideas of the imagination. At first glance, this type of representation does not correspond to the definition of the concept of “representation”, because in the imagination a person displays something that he has never seen, but this is only at first glance. Representations of the imagination are formed on the basis of information received in past perceptions and its more or less creative processing. The richer the past experience, the brighter and more complete the corresponding idea can be.

Ideas do not arise on their own, but as a result practical activities . Moreover, ideas are of great importance not only for the processes of memory or imagination - they are extremely important for all mental processes that ensure human cognitive activity. The processes of perception, thinking, and writing are always associated with ideas, as well as memory, which stores information and thanks to which ideas are formed.

Representations have their own characteristics. First of all, representations are characterized by clarity. Representations are sensory-visual images of reality, and this is their closeness to images of perception. But perceptual images are reflections of those objects material world, which are perceived in this moment, while representations are reproduced and processed images of objects that were perceived in the past. Therefore, representations never have the degree of clarity that is inherent in images of perception - they, as a rule, are much paler.

The next characteristic of representations is fragmentation. The representations are full of gaps, some parts and features are presented vividly, others are very vague, and still others are completely absent. For example, when they imagine someone’s face, they clearly and distinctly reproduce only individual features, those on which, as a rule, they fixed their attention. The remaining details only appear slightly against the background of a vague and indefinite image.

An equally significant characteristic of representations is their instability and impermanence. Thus, any evoked image, be it an object or a person, will disappear from the field of consciousness, no matter how hard a person tries to hold it. And he will have to make another effort to call it again. In addition, representations are very fluid and changeable.

Signal function consists in the development of signals related to those properties of the represented image, which can subsequently be used by a person in his activity.

The image of representation carries various information about the object, its characteristics and methods of practical use. According to I.P. Pavlov, ideas arise according to a pattern similar to the development of conditioned reflexes: just the idea of ​​a sour lemon can cause a grimace of rejection in a person.

Regulatory function is associated with the selection of those properties of the represented object that are necessary at the moment to perform any actions. This representation function is often used in auto-training to relieve mental tension or even pain. Images of the future that appear in the mind can, through the subconscious, control a person’s well-being and behavior.

Setting function involves the formation of a program of action specified by the parameters of the current or upcoming situation. The very thought of a specific action or movement may be accompanied by subtle actual movements of the hands, eyes or head.

The following types of representations are distinguished.

According to the leading analyzer:

– visual (image of a person, object, landscape);

– auditory (representation of a musical melody);

– olfactory (representation of the smell of ether);

– tactile (representation of an object that was previously touched);

– motor (imagining the movements of your body when jumping), etc.;

By degree of generality:

– single representations are representations based on the perception of one specific object;

– general ideas – ideas that generally reflect a number of similar objects.

According to the degree of manifestation of volitional efforts:

– involuntary ideas are ideas that arise spontaneously

– arbitrary ideas are ideas that arise in a person under the influence of the will, in the interests of the goal he has set.

By duration:

– operational ideas – ideas extracted by a person from his consciousness to serve the operational interests of his activities;

– short-term performances are performances that are very short in time;

– long-term representations are representations that are stored in a person’s memory and used by him long time and quite often.

By degree of generality:

– single – images of individual specific objects, phenomena;

– general – images of generalized objects and phenomena.

The role and place of ideas in the psychological structure of the individual are determined by the fact that they are a unique link in the transition from sensations and perceptions to thinking.

Imagination is called the activity of consciousness, in the process of which a person creates new, previously unknown ideas, mental situations, ideas, relying on images that have been preserved in his memory from past sensory experience, transforming and changing them.

In connection with the characteristics and causes of occurrence, they distinguish: 1) involuntary and 2) voluntary imagination; in connection with characteristic features imaginary ideas, as well as tasks that are posed to the voluntary imagination, are distinguished: 3) recreating, 4) creative imagination and 5) human dreams.

Involuntary or passive imagination. It is the simplest type of imagination and consists in the emergence and combination of ideas and their elements into new ideas without a specific intention on the part of a person, with a weakening of conscious control on his part over the course of his ideas. Involuntary imagination is often observed in young children. It appears most clearly in dreams or in a half-asleep, drowsy state, when ideas arise spontaneously (perseveration), flow, change, connect and change on their own, sometimes taking the most fantastic forms.

Unintentional imagination also occurs in the waking state. One should not think that certain new images always arise as a result of conscious, purposeful human activity. A distinctive feature of ideas is their variability due to the instability of trace excitations in brain cells and the fact that they easily come into contact with residual excitation processes in neighboring centers. The trajectory of this excitation is not, as Pavlov said, firmly fixed either in its magnitude or in its form. Hence the ease of imagination, observed, for example, in preschool children, who are often characterized by excessive fantasy and lack of a critical attitude towards the images they create. Only practical testing in life gradually regulates this broad and unintentional activity of the imagination in children and subordinates it to the guidance of consciousness, as a result of which the imagination acquires a deliberate, active character.

Voluntary, or active, imagination. It represents the deliberate construction of images in connection with a consciously set task in one or another type of activity. Such an active imagination already develops in children's games, in which children take on certain roles (pilot, train driver, doctor, etc.). The need to display the most correctly chosen role in the game leads to active work of the imagination. Further development of active imagination occurs in the process of labor, especially when it requires independent, proactive actions and creative efforts: labor requires the activity of the imagination, clear ideas of the object that must be done, and the operations that must be performed.

Free imagination, although in a slightly different form, takes place in creative activity. Here a person also sets himself a task, which is the starting point for the activity of his imagination, but since the product of this activity is the objects of one or another art, the imagination is subject to the requirements arising from the nature and characteristics of this type of art.

Recreating Imagination unfolds on the basis of the perceived sign system: verbal, numerical, graphic, musical notation, etc. By recreating, a person fills the sign system with the knowledge at his disposal.

The quality of reconstruction of what is inherent in the sign system depends on:

1) the initial information on the basis of which the reconstruction is developed;

2) the amount and quality of a person’s knowledge. The breadth of knowledge, combined with its accuracy, the wealth of life experience allows a person to extract the necessary information from memory and see behind the signs what the author put into them;

3) availability of installation. Strong emotional states of a negative and positive orientation interfere with their reconstruction, and then a person is not able to collect his thoughts, concentrate, and clearly and distinctly recreate the content contained in the text and graphic signs.

Creative imagination– creation of a new, original image, idea. In this case, the word “new” has a double meaning: a distinction is made between objectively and subjectively new. Objectively new - images, ideas that do not exist at the moment either in a materialized or in an ideal form. This new thing does not repeat what already exists, it is original. Subjectively new is new for a given person. It can repeat what exists, but a person does not know about it. He discovers it for himself as original, unique and considers it unknown to others.

Creative imagination proceeds as an analysis and synthesis of knowledge accumulated by a person. In this case, the elements from which the image is built occupy a different position, a different place compared to what they occupied previously. A new image emerges from a new combination of elements. The result of creative imagination can be materialized, that is, on its basis, a thing or object is created through human labor, but the image can remain at the level of ideal content, since it is impossible to realize it in practice.

Creative imagination techniques:

agglutination - consists of taking parts of two or more objects or processes and combining them so that an image of a new object is obtained;

analogy - consists in the fact that an image is constructed that is somewhat similar to a really existing thing, a living organism, an action;

accentuation - in the created image any part, detail stands out, is especially emphasized;

exaggeration (understatement) – applies to the entire object, the entire situation.

Imagination is the ability of consciousness to create images, ideas, ideas and manipulate them; plays a key role in the following mental processes: modeling, planning, play, human. A type of creative imagination is Fantasy. Imagination is one of the forms of mental reflection of the world. The most traditional point is the definition of imagination as a process (A.V. Petrovsky and M.G. Yaroshevsky, V.G. Kazakov and L.L. Kondratyeva, etc.). According to M.V. Gamezo and I.A. Domashenko: “Imagination is a mental process consisting of the creation of new images (ideas) by processing the material of perceptions and ideas obtained in previous experience.” Domestic authors also consider this phenomenon as an ability (V. T. Kudryavtsev, L. S. Vygotsky) and as a specific activity (L. D. Stolyarenko, B. M. Teplov). Taking into account a complex functional structure, L. S. Vygotsky considered the application of the concept of a psychological system adequate.

According to E.V. Ilyenkov, the traditional understanding of imagination reflects only its derivative function. Home - allows you to see what is, what lies before your eyes, that is, the main function of the imagination is transformation optical phenomenon on the surface of the retina into the image of an external thing.

Classification of imagination processes

According to the results:

• Reproductive imagination. (recreation of reality as it is)
• Productive (creative) imagination
  • with the relative novelty of the images;
  • with absolute novelty of images.

By degree of focus:

• active (voluntary) - includes recreating and creative imagination.
• passive (involuntary) - includes unintentional and unpredictable imagination.

By type of images:

• specific
• abstract

By methods of imagination:

• agglutination - the connection of objects that are not connected in reality;
• hyperbolization - increasing or decreasing an object and its parts;
• schematization - highlighting differences and identifying similarities;
• typification - highlighting the essential, repeating in homogeneous phenomena.

According to the degree of volitional effort:

• deliberate
• unintentional

Wallace's four-stage model of the creative process

• Preparation stage, information collection. Ends with a feeling of being unable to solve the problem.
• Incubation stage. Key stage. The person does not consciously deal with the problem.
• insight().
• Checking the solution.

Mechanisms of imagination

• agglutination - creating a new image from parts of other images
• hyperbolization - increasing or decreasing an object and its parts
• schematization - smoothing out differences between objects and identifying their similarities
• accentuation - emphasizing the features of objects
• typification - highlighting what is repetitive and essential in homogeneous phenomena

There are conditions that contribute to finding a creative solution: observation, ease of combination, sensitivity to the manifestation of problems.

Guilford, instead of the concept of “imagination,” used the term “ divergent thinking" It means generating new ideas for the purpose of human self-expression. Characteristics of divergent:

• fluency
• flexibility
• originality
• accuracy

Development of imagination in children

Through creativity, a child develops thinking. This is facilitated by persistence and expressed interests. The starting point for the development of imagination should be directed activity, that is, the inclusion of children’s fantasies in specific practical problems.

Helps develop imagination

• situations of incompleteness
• resolving and even encouraging many issues
• encouraging independence and independent development
• bilingual
• positive attention to the child from adults.

The development of imagination is hindered by:

• conformity
• disapproval of the imagination
• rigid gender role stereotypes
• division of the game and
• willingness to change point of view
• admiration for authority

Imagination and reality

The world is perceived as an interpretation of data coming from . Being such, it is perceived as real, unlike most thoughts and images.

Functions of the imagination

• representing reality in images, as well as creating the opportunity to use them when solving problems;
• regulation of emotional states;
• voluntary regulation of cognitive processes and human states, in particular, attention, memory, speech;
• formation internal plan actions - the ability to perform them internally, manipulating images;
• planning and programming activities, drawing up programs, assessing their correctness, and the implementation process.

Imagination and cognitive processes

Imagination is a cognitive process, the specificity of which is the processing of past experience.

The relationship between imagination and organic processes is most clearly manifested in the following phenomena: ideomotor act and psychosomatic disease. Based on the connection between human images and his organic states, the theory and practice of psychotherapeutic influences is built. Imagination is inextricably linked with thinking. According to L. S. Vygotsky, it is permissible to say about the unity of these two processes.

Both thinking and imagination arise in a problem situation and individuals are motivated. The basis of both processes is advanced reflection. Depending on the situation, the amount of time, the level of knowledge and its organization, the same problem can be solved both with the help of imagination and with the help of thinking. The difference is that the reflection of reality, carried out in the process of imagination, occurs in the form of vivid ideas, while anticipatory reflection in the processes of thinking occurs by operating with concepts that allow a generalized and indirect knowledge of the environment. The use of a particular process is dictated, first of all, by the situation: creative imagination works mainly at that stage of cognition when the uncertainty of the situation is quite great. Thus, imagination allows you to make decisions even with incomplete knowledge.

In its activity, the imagination uses traces of past perceptions, impressions, ideas, that is, traces of memory (engrams). The genetic relationship between memory and imagination is expressed in the unity of the analytical-synthetic processes that form their basis. The fundamental difference between memory and imagination is revealed in the different direction of the processes of active operation with images. Thus, the main tendency of memory is to restore a system of images that is as close as possible to the situation that took place in experience. Imagination, on the contrary, is characterized by the desire for the maximum possible transformation of the original figurative material.

Imagination is included in perception, influences the creation of images of perceived objects and, at the same time, itself depends on perception. According to Ilyenkov’s ideas, the main function of imagination is the transformation of an optical phenomenon, consisting of irritation of the surface of the retina by light waves, into the image of an external thing.

Imagination is closely related to emotional sphere. This connection is dual in nature: on the one hand, the image is capable of evoking strong feelings, on the other, a feeling that once arises can become the cause of active imagination. This system is discussed in detail by L. S. Vygotsky in his work “Psychology of Art”. The main conclusions he comes to can be stated as follows. According to the law of the reality of feelings, “all our fantastic and unreal experiences, in essence, proceed on a completely real emotional basis.” Based on this, Vygotsky concludes that fantasy is the central expression of the emotional. According to the law of unipolar energy expenditure, nervous energy tends to be wasted at one pole - either at the center or at the periphery; any increase in energy expenditure at one pole immediately entails its weakening at the other. Thus, with the intensification and complexity of fantasy as the central moment of the emotional reaction, its peripheral side (external manifestation) is delayed in time and weakens in intensity. Thus, imagination allows you to gain a variety of experiences and at the same time remain within the framework of what is socially acceptable. Everyone gets the opportunity to work through excessive emotional stress, discharging it with the help of fantasies, and thus compensating for unmet needs.

Definition of imagination and representation

Definition

Imagination is a special form of the human psyche, standing apart from other mental processes and at the same time occupying an intermediate position between perception, thinking and memory

Imagination is (fantasy), a mental activity consisting in the creation of ideas and mental situations that have never been generally perceived by a person in reality. There is a distinction between reconstructive imagination and creative imagination.

Representation is an image of a previously perceived object or phenomenon (memory representation, recollection), as well as an image created by the productive imagination.

Essence of the process

Until now, scientists know almost nothing about the mechanism of imagination. This form is characteristic only of humans and is strangely connected with the activities of the body. Thanks to imagination, a person creates and intelligently plans and manages his activities. Imagination is the basis of visualization - imaginative thinking, allowing a person to navigate a situation and solve problems without the direct intervention of practical actions.

Imagination differs from perception in that its images do not always correspond to reality; they contain elements of fantasy and fiction.

Mental life is a non-stop movement of ideas.

At different periods of time, the same representation can remain in different areas consciousness.

Classification

Defined by four types:

The presentation is shared by:

Visual,

Motor,

Olfactory,

Flavoring,

tactile,

Intraceptive,

Technical,

Topographical,

Musical,

Process Development

The primary basis for imagination always remains reality - life.

By imagining, a person creates - an artist - paintings, a designer - structures. By increasing his potential base, a person brings his imaginary “projects” to life. Imagination is closely connected with processes such as memory and thinking; without interconnection with them, the process of realizing one’s idea is impossible.

For the successful development of completeness, correctness, and clarity of presentation, interest in a specific type of activity is necessary. The idea of ​​an object is stronger and brighter the more often this object is the object of human attention and action. Passive repetition of the perception of an object does not form an idea of ​​it. The means of forming visual, motor, and also schematic representations of students are educational films, filmstrips, and videos.

Imagination is a mental cognitive process aimed at modeling a new image or idea. Imagination is strongly connected with other processes: memory, thinking, speech and attention. After all, in order to clearly imagine something, you must have complete information about a subject of interest, be able to analyze and compare.

IN Everyday life We often resort to the need to imagine something in our head. Let's say, abstract concepts or artistic images, one way or another, need to be imagined, so they are easier to remember. Imagination helps to do inner world a person is brighter and richer. This process allows an individual to timely predict a situation, build existing prospects and internally prepare for the consequences of his choice. Sometimes people with extremely developed imaginations suffer from the fact that they begin to create images that have no relation to reality, thereby misleading themselves and others. A person's imagination helps creative people create unique copyright works. The essence of it as a process is to construct new ones from existing images - inimitable and unique.

Types of imagination

In modern psychological science, it is customary to distinguish between voluntary (intentional) imagination and involuntary. In the second case, the process itself manifests itself in the dreams that a person sees. That is, the events and experiences experienced during the day are transformed into individual images, which the person continues to “replay” in a dream.

Intentional imagination is activated only with the participation of the human will and includes several subspecies: recreating, creative, dream. Recreating Imagination works on the basis of existing ideas about a particular subject. Yes, when reading fiction, we unconsciously build abstract pictures in our heads, supplementing them with our own ideas, meanings and meanings. It often happens that the same work gives rise to different (and even opposite) images in people.

Creative imagination is formed through the transformation of existing ideas about the world into unique structures. The creative process gives birth to a new product, which necessarily reflects the individual vision of the world of its creator. A special type of imagination is dream. This type of imagination is different in that it always creates an image of what is desired; there is no particular focus on the result in order to get it here and now. The focus on the future and the ephemerality of the emerging image sometimes leads to a departure from reality, to a stay in the world of dreams and fantasies. If a person makes active plans to implement his plans, then the dream turns into a goal, which is much easier to realize in reality.

Functions of the imagination

Imagination as a mental cognitive process performs the main task of reflecting objective reality. The human brain is able to fully perceive information only when it is truly interesting to it. Among the main functions it is customary to highlight the following:

• Goal setting and planning. Before taking on any task, a person needs to imagine its end result. In some cases, the success of an enterprise depends on the ability to predict and build a sequence of steps. Imagination here acts as a link between the desired goal and the final product of the activity. In this case, it is concrete and has nothing to do with fantasies. A dream can lead a person to new achievements, but only if he is ready to act and undertake practical steps in the desired direction.
• Cognitive function. No activity is possible without constant work on oneself. Whatever a person is doing, to become successful he always needs productive activity. The need to learn new things, improve one’s skills and abilities leads to the process of intensifying cognitive activity.
• Adaptive function. This function consists in the need to explain to oneself incomprehensible phenomena. This is how in ancient times people created legends and fairy tales, using their imagination to minimize their own fear of the unknown.
• Psychotherapeutic function. Imagination can be successfully used by a person as a psychological defense when he “invents” non-existent realities in such a way that they correspond to his internal readiness to perceive the world. The therapeutic focus finds expression in sublimated images, labeling and recognition of one's own feelings.

Forms of imagination

• Agglutination. It is a kind of fusion of images of various properties of objects. All are based on this technique mythical creatures: centaur, mermaid, etc. Agglutination appears as a result of combining individual characteristics and forming a mixed image.
• Emphasis. Manifests itself in deliberate exaggeration, focusing attention on any particular feature of a literary or mythical character. For example, a boy the size of a little finger was so tiny that his height could be compared to his little finger.
• Hyperbolization. Increasing or reducing an object to the maximum size by imagination, thereby achieving the effect of absurdity. Hyperbolization often emphasizes the character of a character and forces the reader to make his own assumptions about why this happened.
• Typing. Even the most creative image is created according to a certain type. Schematization facilitates the process of creating a picture of an object with the imagination and simplifies its perception. Essential features are taken as a basis, and a holistic image is built on their essence.
• Schematization. Helps to build a new image based on existing ideas of a particular subject. The general scheme is built by highlighting similar features and transferring them to other objects.
• Exacerbation. It consists of deliberately emphasizing individual features of objects.
• Transfer of features. It can manifest itself in the creation of non-existent objects, mythical and fantastic creatures, inanimate objects and endowing them with signs of life.
• Techniques of imagination influence the modeling of individual reality, the creation of high-quality images that did not previously exist. The whole effect is achieved with the help of imagination.

Features of imagination

Through this mental process, each individual has the unique ability to create and model their own reality. Particularly significant needs, such as self-realization and personal growth are directly reflected through the imagination. So, for example, an artist is able to reflect in his work those issues that most concern him, thereby reducing the number of his own worries about this. Imagination perfectly helps the process of sublimation. The role of imagination in any type of activity is extremely high.

Development of imagination

Imagination, as a process that helps to understand the world around us, can and should be improved. To solve this problem, special exercises and activities aimed at its development are best suited. It must be said that imagination cannot be developed separately from attention, memory and thinking. That is why the tasks presented below contribute to noticeable progress in all cognitive processes, the leading of which is imagination.

• Forecasting the future situation. The development of imagination begins with the formation of the skill to clearly imagine an object or phenomenon. Before you start any business, try to think in advance what will come of it. Answer yourself the question of what you want to get as a result, what you see as the final goal. It has been proven that the ability to imagine and think constructively in the direction of a given goal builds self-confidence, gives additional strength, adds determination, and reduces doubts.
• Creating an artistic image. Suitable for writing a fairy tale, story, creating a portrait or landscape. You can also include embroidery here, the main thing is that you like the process itself. First, build in your head the image you want to portray. Try to make it bright, eye-catching, helping to reveal your aspirations and talents. It is not necessary to create “War and Peace”, you can limit yourself to a small poem or sketch, the main condition is that creativity should inspire new ideas. It’s good if, in the process of imagination, fresh images and ideas begin to arise. The exercise is aimed at developing the ability to develop an image, allowing it to reveal itself in all its fullness and diversity.
• Finishing the figure. The exercise is about developing the skill of creating a picture in your imagination out of nothing, it perfectly trains attention to detail, teaches you to understand what the most minor details you can model a new image. In the center of the sheet of paper, as a rule, there is a fragment of the figure that needs to be completed. If you distribute such sheets to participants in a small group and ask them to complete the task, each person will end up with their own unique drawing. The process of imagination for each person works purely individually.
• "I am a successful person." If you have long dreamed of self-realization, then fulfilling this exercise will bring you great joy and a tremendous increase in energy. Imagine what you need in order to consider yourself an accomplished person. The main task is to realize as specifically as possible and keep in mind the activity that brings maximum satisfaction and helps to develop your personality. When this image is found, continue to draw a picture of ideal success in your imagination, noting what events should happen in the future. The exercise is unique in that it allows not only to train the imagination, but also aims a person at a positive result, helps to develop faith in own strength and opportunities.

These imagination exercises contribute to the formation of an individual vision of life, building prospects for personal and professional advancement. The tasks can be completed every day; they are suitable for representatives of any profession and title. Of course, it will be much easier to complete them creative people related to painting, literature, music, design, etc.

Thus, the role of imagination in human life is extremely significant and deep. After all, each of us in any activity needs to master abstract thinking, be able to imagine the desired effect. Try to read more books, participate in the cultural and social life of the city, and constantly improve your potential. Developed imagination is an integral part of a successful personality.

Along with perception, memory and thinking and speech, imagination plays an important role in human activity.
Imagination is the mental process of mentally creating something new in the form of an image, idea, idea, action. At the same time, it is a phenomenon of the psyche. Also, imagination is the representation of an absent object. The process of imagination is peculiar only to man and is a necessary condition for his labor activity.
Before doing anything, a person imagines what needs to be done and how he will do it. Thus, he already creates in advance the image of a material thing that will be manufactured in subsequent practical activities. This ability of a person to imagine in advance the final result of his work, as well as the process of creating a material thing, sharply distinguishes human activity from the “activity” of animals, sometimes very skillful.
Types of imagination:
- voluntary (active) - initiated by volitional effort, if necessary, during problem solving;
- involuntary (passive) - initiated involuntarily and manifests itself in dreams, daydreams, fantasies, daydreams;
- productive - “producing” something (the novel “The Master and Margarita”, fantasy);
- reproductive - “reproducing”, recreating reality - what was known (in art - movements of naturalism, realism);
- anticipatory - anticipating future events, consequences of actions;
- creative - creating new images and ideas that have value for people and are embodied in original products of activity.
Reality is passed through the productive imagination of creators; they construct it in a new way, using light, color, filling their works with air vibration (impressionism), resorting to point-by-point images of objects (pointillism in painting and music), decomposing the objective world into geometric figures(cubism), etc.
Most often, the creative process in art is associated with active imagination: before capturing any image on paper, canvas or sheet music, the artist creates it in his imagination, making conscious volitional efforts. Often the active imagination so captivates the creator that he loses touch with his time, his “I”, getting used to the image he creates. Much evidence of this is given in the literature.
Less often, passive imagination becomes the impulse of the creative process, since spontaneous images independent of the will of the artist are most often the product of the subconscious work of his brain, hidden from him. And yet, observations creative process described in the literature make it possible to give examples of the role of passive imagination in artistic creativity. Thus, Franz Kafka gave an exceptional role to dreams in his work, capturing them in his fantastically gloomy works.
In addition, the creative process, starting, as a rule, with a volitional effort, i.e., with an act of imagination, gradually captures the author so much that the imagination becomes spontaneous, and it is no longer he who creates the images, but the images own and control the artist, and he obeys their logic.
The work of human imagination is not limited to literature and art. It manifests itself to no lesser extent in scientific, technical, and other types of creativity. In all these cases, fantasy as a type of imagination plays a positive role.
But there are other types of imagination - dreams, hallucinations, reveries, daydreams, fantasies. Dreams can be classified as passive and involuntary forms of imagination. Their true role in human life has not yet been established, although it is known that in a person’s dreams many vital needs find expression and satisfaction, which, for a number of reasons, cannot be realized in life. real life.
Hallucinations are fantastic visions that have almost no connection with surrounding a person reality. Typically, hallucinations are the result of certain mental or bodily disorders and accompany many painful conditions.
Dreams, unlike hallucinations, are a completely normal mental state, which is a fantasy associated with a desired, most often a somewhat idealized future.
A dream differs from a dream in that it is more realistic and more connected with reality, that is, in principle, feasible. A dream is a thought about a pleasant, desired future, its image.
Dreams and daydreams occupy a fairly large part of a person's time, especially in youth. For most people, dreams are pleasant thoughts about the future.
Fantasies are pictures to which nothing or little corresponds in reality. Some people also experience disturbing visions that give rise to feelings of anxiety, guilt, and aggressiveness.
Images of the imagination, unlike images of perception, often do not correspond to reality.