Officials are going to rewrite Government Resolution No. 162 of February 25, 2000, which lists professions prohibited for women. The list, which has actually been preserved since 1974, is being updated in connection with changes in production technologies and “social and hygienic working conditions” in various fields.
Prohibited professions for women are discussed by trade unions and employers. Among the professions that are proposed to be made accessible are:
- driver of a bus with 14 or more seats (but there are exceptions, for example, suburban transportation does not fall under this category);
- diver;
- stereotyper;
- special equipment operators;
- a porter engaged in moving luggage and hand luggage;
- adjusters of various types of equipment;
- locomotive driver and assistant driver;
- train compiler.
How is women's work regulated?
In Russia, equality of genders and opportunities is declared. At the same time, state policy is aimed at protecting motherhood and childhood, therefore some privileges are provided for female workers.
A separate article is devoted to the peculiarities of regulating women's labor. It introduces certain restrictions on the use of female power and provides additional guarantees and benefits to mothers with young children. Among them:
- not being required to work at night, on weekends and non-working hours holidays;
- ban on overtime work;
- inability to go on business trips;
- provision of additional leaves, etc.
What jobs should women not be used for?
According to the list approved by Government Resolution No. 162, representatives of the fair sex cannot work in some specialties in almost 40 areas. They are prohibited from working to some extent:
- underground in the mining industry;
- forging and pressing and thermal;
- some construction and repair and construction;
- in the field of ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy;
- in civil aviation;
- in various manufacturing sectors.
The resolution also lists specific professions that are not available to women. This is a metal pourer, a miner who works with hand-held pneumatic tools, an asphalt concrete worker, a carpenter, a blacksmith-driller, an aircraft mechanic (technician) for instruments, electrical equipment, engines, a sailor, a car repairman who manually washes engine parts, a train builder, etc. A total of 456 prohibited professions have been approved.
At the same time, it is clarified that the employer has the right to use women’s labor in the jobs (professions, positions) included in the list if safe working conditions have been created, and this is confirmed by the results and positive conclusion of the regional Sanitary and Epidemiological Surveillance Service.
What to exclude
The Ministry of Labor says it will exclude certain professions from the list only after doctors confirm their safety for women’s health. How it differs from men’s, how long the tests will last, how much the list will be reduced - all these are still open questions. But the officials themselves always emphasize the need to protect the reproductive health of the fair sex.
At the same time, experts are confident that the age of technology has long required change. “A detailed review and adjustment of the list taking into account technical progress is quite relevant,” says Sergei Eliseev, president of the Union of Independent Experts and Interim Managers. — Considering that technology and electronics have come a long way, some of the work has ceased to be difficult and/or harmful. For example, the work of a motor grader, bulldozer or excavator driver using modern equipment with hydraulic booster, cabin air conditioning and specialized service repairs can no longer be difficult.”
Whether it is worth restricting a woman’s right to be a boatswain or a diesel locomotive driver at all is, of course, a controversial question. But officials are not yet ready to allow the ladies to decide for themselves what is best for them to do - clean the boilers or dry the diapers.
Express your opinion about the article or ask the experts a question to get an answer
The phrase is often heard that eSports highest category- it’s a man’s business, well, there is no top team in the world of the fair half of humanity that could give an equal fight to real cybersportsmen. But in our country there is a whole list of professions that are prohibited by law for women!
But what about equality, you say. Or will you not say, but only confirm that a woman’s place is in the kitchen? In Russia, in accordance with Article 19 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, men and women have equal rights and opportunities for their implementation. But along with this, there is also a special government decree that directly prohibits hiring women in more than 400 specialties.
“The list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited” was adopted by the Russian government on February 25, 2000. The document contains 39 sections, according to the number of areas of activity in which women's work is either limited (there are some reservations and assumptions) or completely prohibited.
You can easily find the full version of the document online, and we will provide you with the top 10 real male professions.
1. Bus driver
Only a man drives a long-distance bus
Women are not allowed to drive vehicles carrying passengers with more than 14 seats. The restriction does not apply to urban and suburban transport.
2. Diver
Loads are too high
3. Electric train driver
No female machinists
There cannot be female drivers or assistant drivers on electric trains, steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, or diesel trains.
4. Coarse slaughterer cattle
Not to be confused with just a butcher
5. Forest feller
No comments here
6. Bulldozer driver
Heavy machinery is not for women
In addition to a bulldozer, a woman will also not be allowed to drive a tractor, truck, or snowmobile.
7. Boatswain
Sea wolves
A woman on a ship, as you know, will lead to nothing good. The boatswain, skipper, sailor and mate are men only.
8. Carpenter
What about a carpenter, they won’t even let you in to make musical instruments
9. Fisherman
Well, of course, it’s not just fishing
Of course, women are not prohibited from fishing. The wording of the law states only about coastal fishing “on hand-pulled cast nets, ice fishing on cast nets, fixed nets and vents.”
10. Airport baggage handler
Let the men handle the luggage
Only men should manage suitcases and hand luggage at the airport.
What are the restrictions in the professional environment for women? First of all, the weaker sex is not allowed to work in harmful, dangerous, extreme industries, in professions involving heavy lifting, or underground work. True, women can work underground if they are engaged in sanitation and household services (the ban also does not apply to employees of design and engineering organizations, scientists and doctors). But in Russia there are no female metro drivers. That's the kind of legislation we have.
The list of prohibited professions was compiled by experts from various trade unions, employers' associations and scientists from the Research Institute of Occupational Medicine. The basis of the project is that the life, health and work of women should be especially protected.
The Ministry of Labor will review and reduce the list of specialties to which female citizens of the Russian Federation are not allowed. What professions can be found on this list?
Since childhood, Masha dreamed of becoming the captain of a sea liner. The plastic steering wheel in the little girl’s hands turned into the steering wheel of a ship, and through old binoculars, inquisitive children’s eyes saw the shores of distant uncharted lands. The adults told Masha that her dream was impossible: “a girl on a ship means there will be trouble,” and this is not a woman’s business at all; only a man can cope with such hard and responsible work. But Masha did not give up. She lives in Russia, where people are equal and can occupy any position regardless of gender. She entered the naval school (on the third attempt, because in the previous two “they don’t accept girls”), she studied brilliantly and did an internship at sea. The teachers, who at first constantly sighed with sadness about her difficult lot and unborn children, have long ceased to perceive her only as a “girl.” The captain praised him and invited him to work with him after graduation. Masha passed her graduation state exams, received a red diploma, came to her captain... And ran into something familiar from childhood: “We don’t take girls.” The law prohibits. The captain would be happy to help, to ask for Masha, but he’s got his hands full, another flight is coming soon, and they’ve already tortured him with checks, and he won’t survive another one - an additional one, for Masha’s sake. So forgive me, Masha, this is not a woman’s business. Do something else.
Masha from our story, fortunately, does not exist, so worry about her future fate not worth it. But the problem she faces is real. A woman in Russia really cannot engage in maritime professions, because they are included in a special List of Professions, the path to which is closed to women.
This list was compiled back in 1974 by the Soviet government and adopted by the Russian Federation on February 25, 2000 (RF Government Decree No. 162). It contains 456 names of “heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited.” It didn't seem to you. The list does not “strictly discourage”, leaving the employee and his employer the right and opportunity to decide for themselves whether they are willing to take the risk. It specifically “prohibits” the use of female labor in the named professions. With the help of such radical measures, the state takes care of preserving the reproductive functions of the woman’s body, because hard work can negatively affect the ability to bear healthy child. At the same time, there is no evidence of causing harm exclusively to the female body for any position on this list: most professions on the list are equally dangerous for both women and men. However, the work ban only applies to women.
But in our neighboring European Union, for example, they don’t care so much about women. European women are successfully mastering professions that were previously considered purely masculine, and it seems they have no intention of degenerating. Some professions in Europe have become so gender neutral that human rights activists have stopped collecting statistics on women's employment in the industry. No one will be surprised by a woman driving an excavator, for example.
But Russia and Europe began to fight discrimination against women at the same time, when they ratified the so-called. UN Women's Convention (“Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women”). The document came into force in 1981 and calls for achieving not just a gender-neutral attitude towards men and women, but, if necessary, taking measures to change existing laws, customs and traditions that hinder the elimination of any forms of discrimination. The Convention pays considerable attention to the problem of gender equality in employment, and any non-compliance with the provisions of the Convention is called discrimination on the basis of sex.
On this moment The Convention has been ratified by 189 countries, including the Russian Federation. Its provisions are supported by other government documents, for example, the Constitution and Labor Code RF. And yet when equal conditions implementation of the provisions of the Convention for all countries that have signed it, in Russia there is still a List of Prohibited Professions, the Ministry of Labor is not yet ready to abolish it.
Here are just some professions that are available, for example, to citizens of the European Union, but are closed to women in Russian Federation:
- A carpenter. In Russia, women are prohibited from working as carpenters in construction, installation and repair work, while in Europe there is not even data on how many women are involved in this field.
- Cattle slaughterer. What many women do in villages may not be their official place of work. According to the Ministry of Labor, a woman cannot lift more than 10 kg per hour. It is worth noting that 10 kg is the weight of a two-year-old child, the number of times his mother can lift him at home is not regulated at the state level in any way.
- Driver of a regular bus. In Russia, a woman has the right to work only on a bus that runs within the city and has a capacity of no more than 14 people. Regular intercity buses for women are still closed.
- Trucker and driver construction equipment. Even having the rights of the appropriate category will not save you. In Russia, a woman can become a truck driver only if she has extensive experience (often semi-legal).
- It is not easy for women in Russia to break into military professions. Formally, there are no gender restrictions in the army: Russian women can serve under the same conditions as men. True, the first tank crews of the Russian Federation, for example, began to be trained in the Amur region only in 2013; before that, women were only allowed to occupy non-combat professions: signalmen, medical personnel, and junior management. It’s surprising to see this in the country that gave birth to the world-famous Night Witches. However, the law modern Russia does not initially imply a gender division among military personnel, therefore special conditions(sanitary, for example), necessary for women, he does not take into account. In addition, the army prioritizes the offer of vacancies to male applicants. A vacancy will be offered to a female candidate only after a male candidate declines the position. In Europe, women started talking about serving on equal terms with men back during the First World War, but, unlike Soviet Union, left girls the right to serve on a voluntary basis, master the specialties they desire and take part in hostilities. Girls in Europe can be, for example, tank crews, sappers or snipers.
- Things are even more complicated for the already mentioned female sailors. Maritime schools and river technical schools accept all qualified applicants regardless of their gender, but do not warn that after graduation it will be more difficult (if not practically impossible) for girls to occupy a position in accordance with their qualifications. It was the trade union of seafarers that began to seek a revision of the List of Prohibited Professions. Russian woman Svetlana Medvedeva, when, citing the state list, she was denied the position of mechanic-steering, turned to the UN for help. The commission considered Svetlana’s case to be discrimination, but the courts of the Russian Federation ignored this decision, stating that it “is not binding for Russia.”
However, female captains in Russian fleet still exist, but the attitude towards them leaves much to be desired. This is how sea captain Tatyana Sukhanova told the Meduza portal about her situation: “...it’s strange that in any port in the world I, a female captain, was greeted much more hospitably than in my native country. Even my friend from Arkhangelsk, sea captain Ekaterina Nemirova, as well as the famous captain Lyudmila Tibryaeva and female first mates note that on Far East male colleagues treat them incomparably harsher. Some are just trying to set you up.<…>If the foreign companies that represent these crewing companies found out that the captain is not hired just because she is a woman, they would lose their licenses.”
- But even European women have difficulties with the firefighting profession. There are no official restrictions on women working in this profession in the EU, but in practice female firefighters remain a rarity. In Sweden, for example, there are only 0.6% of all firefighters in the country. At the same time, many male firefighters in surveys noted that they would not want women to work with them, as this would “violate the atmosphere of brotherhood that helps them work harmoniously.” Perhaps we can be happy for Australia, where girls are actively recruited as volunteers to extinguish forest fires. The career ceiling for a citizen of the Russian Federation in the Ministry of Emergency Situations will be the position of a dispatcher. She will not be allowed to save people and put out fires.
- The best illustration of the regression of women's rights in Russia is the ban on working as a subway and electric train operator. Women were allowed to drive metro rolling stock during the Great Patriotic War due to the shortage of male machinists in the city, and successfully coped with their profession right up to Perestroika. There were even special women's brigades in the metro. But in the eighties, the USSR government decided that only a man could drive an electric train, and women began to slowly survive from the subway. Now women are not only prohibited from driving a train, they cannot even hold the position of assistant driver. The last female machinist in Russia was an employee of the Moscow metro, Natalya Vladimirovna Kornienko, who retired just a couple of years ago. Nowadays there are no female typists in the metro.
But European statistics show that the number of women driving trains has only increased over the years. The slow increase is not explained by discrimination, but by the peculiarities of the profession: many machinists chose their specialty, following in the footsteps of their fathers, and are very reluctant to leave their jobs. According to forecasts, with the development transport system The number of women in the industry will only continue to grow.
WITH full list professions can be found in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 162. The list includes professions that require brute force (the girl, according to the Ministry of Labor, does not have sufficient physical abilities to work in a logging camp), and in which there is a need to constantly keep in mind a large volume of instructions while constantly monitoring the current situation (namely, For this reason, a woman cannot be an electric train driver).
But working conditions have long changed. Special equipment allows for a minimum of physical effort in construction work, safety measures have long stopped all kinds of leaks of such chemicals dangerous to the “female reproductive function,” and numerous studies have proven that the memory and analytical abilities of the brain do not depend in any way on the gender of its owner. However, the Ministry of Labor agreed only to review and possibly reduce the list of prohibited professions. Despite successful foreign experience, the authorities are not ready to abandon it completely “at the conceptual level.” So the Russian Masha, unlike her French friend Marie, will have to fight for a long time for the opportunity to sail her ship to distant shores.
Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 N 162
"On approval of the list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women's labor is prohibited"
In accordance with Article 10 of the Federal Law “On the Fundamentals of Occupational Safety and Health in the Russian Federation” (Collection of Legislation of the Russian Federation, 1999, No. 29, Art. 3702), the Government of the Russian Federation decides:
Approve the attached list of heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited.
Scroll
heavy work and work with harmful or dangerous working conditions, during which the use of women’s labor is prohibited
(approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of February 25, 2000 N 162)
I. Work related to lifting and moving heavy objects manually
1. Work related to lifting and moving heavy objects manually, in case of exceeding established standards
II. Underground work
2. Underground work in the mining industry and in the construction of underground structures, with the exception of work performed by women holding leadership positions and not performing physical work; women engaged in sanitation and household services; women undergoing training and admitted to internships in the underground parts of the organization; women who must go down from time to time into the underground parts of the organization to perform work of a non-physical nature (the list of positions of managers, specialists and other workers associated with underground work, in which the use of female labor is permitted, as an exception, is given in paragraph 2 of the notes to this list)
III. Metalworking
Foundry work
3. Cupola maker
4. Casting beater engaged in manual knocking
5. Batch loader in cupolas and furnaces, busy loading the batch manually
6. Casting welder
7. Metal pourer
8. Chopper working with pneumatic tools
9. Melter of metal and alloys
10. Workers engaged in hanging hot castings on a conveyor and servicing and repairing equipment in foundry tunnels
Welding work
11. Gas welder and electric welder of manual welding, working in closed containers (tanks, boilers, etc.), as well as on high-rise communication structures (towers, masts) over 10 meters and steeplejack work
Boiler rooms, cold forming, drawing and pressing works
Work performed by profession:
12. Boilermaker
13. A turner on spinning lathes, doing manual work
14. A chaser working with hand-held pneumatic tools
Forging and pressing and thermal works
Work performed by profession:
15. A bandage worker engaged in hot work
16. A spring operator engaged in hot work when winding springs from wire with a diameter of over 10 mm
17. Roller busy rolling out rings while hot
18. Spring operator at hot metal processing
Metal coating and painting
19. Sealing inside caisson tanks
20. Constant work on lead plating using the hot method (not galvanic)
Mechanical and metalwork-assembly works
Work performed by profession:
21. A pneumatic driller performing work with a pneumatic tool that transmits vibration to the worker’s hands
22. A repairman engaged in: setting up equipment in workshops and departments: hot-rolling, pickling, enameling, insulation using organosilicon varnishes, lead coating in cable production; on hot repairs of selenium and shoeing devices (equipment);
setting up equipment in workshops and departments for the preparation and use of organosilicon varnishes and varnishes containing 40 percent or more of toluene, xylene;
repair of equipment in closed fuel warehouses and oil facilities at thermal power plants, as well as repair of equipment in tunnels and heating chambers in heating networks;
maintenance of water jacket furnaces in the production of non-ferrous metals and alloys;
adjustment and repair of chill molds in a hot state;
directly in the shops: mill, lubricating, forming, foundry, pipe-filling, gleymixing and assembly shops in the production of lead batteries;
repair of technological equipment at engine testing stations, running on leaded gasoline and located in boxes
Working with lead
23. Smelting, casting, rolling, drawing and stamping of lead products, as well as lead coating of cables and soldering of lead batteries
IV. Construction, installation and repair work
24. Hot repair of furnaces and boiler furnaces
25. Uprooting stumps
26. Fastening structures and parts using a construction gun
27. Slab breaking works, dismantling of buildings and structures
28. Punching holes (grooves, niches, etc.) in concrete, reinforced concrete and stone (brick) structures manually and using pneumatic tools
Work performed by profession:
29. Fixture worker employed at manual installation frames, manual, bending machines and scissors
30. Asphalt concrete worker, asphalt concrete worker-cooker, working manually
31. Hydraulic monitor
32. A digger engaged in sinking wells
33. A mason engaged in laying modular solid sand-lime bricks
34. Roofer for steel roofs
35. Caisson operator-operator, caisson operator-miner, caisson operator-fitter, caisson operator-electrician
36. Motor grader operator
37. Asphalt dispenser driver, pit driver
38. Operator of a concrete pumping unit, operator of a mobile bitumen melting unit
39. Bulldozer driver
40. Grader-elevator driver
41. Operator of a mobile asphalt concrete mixer
42. Asphalt concrete paver operator
43. Driver of a single-bucket excavator, operator of a rotary excavator (ditch digger and trencher)
44. Operator of a mobile electric welding unit with an internal combustion engine
45. A mobile power plant operator working at a power plant with an internal combustion engine with a capacity of 150 hp. and more
46. Communications installer/antenna operator working at heights
47. Installer for installation of steel and reinforced concrete structures when working at height and steeplejack work
48. Lead solder (lead solder)
49. Carpenter
50. Plumber repairing the sewer network
51. Pipe laying of industrial reinforced concrete pipes
52. Pipe laying industrial brick pipes
V. Mining operations
Open pit mining and the surface of existing mines and mines under construction, beneficiation, agglomeration, briquetting
Work performed in general mining and capital mining professions:
53. Hole driller
54. Bomber, Master Blaster
55. Miner for fire prevention and extinguishing
56. Delivery of fastening materials to the mine
57. Fastener
58. Blacksmith-driller
59. Drilling rig operator
60. Loader driver
61. Machine operator for drilling full-section mine shafts
62. Excavator operator
63. Tipper engaged in manual rolling and rolling away of trolleys
64. Miner
65. Stemman, busy manually feeding trolleys into cages
66. Cleaner busy cleaning bins
67. Electrical mechanic (mechanic) on duty and for equipment repair, engaged in the maintenance and repair of equipment, mechanisms, water and air lines in mining operations
Works performed in the general trades of beneficiation, agglomeration, briquetting and separate categories workers:
68. A crusher engaged in crushing hot pitch in the production of alumina
69. A roaster engaged in the process of roasting raw materials and materials in the production of mercury
70. Workers and foremen of processing and crushing and screening factories, mines, mines and metallurgical enterprises engaged in crushing, grinding, grinding and blending of ferrous, non-ferrous and ores rare metals, fluorspar and coal, which produce dust containing 10 percent or more free silica when performed manually
71. Workers employed in lead enrichment shops
72. Workers and craftsmen engaged in the enrichment of niobium (loparite) ores
Construction of subways, tunnels and underground structures
special purpose
Work performed by profession:
73. Mining equipment installer
74. Miner at surface works
Ore mining
Work performed by profession:
75. Placer miner
76. Bit refueler
77. Drager
78. Dredge sailor
79. Dredge driver
80. Rocket launcher operator
Extraction and processing of peat
Work performed by profession:
81. Ditchman
82. Groomer
83. Operator of machines for the extraction and processing of sod peat
84. Operator of machines for preparing peat deposits for operation
85. Peat excavator operator
86. A peat worker engaged in felling trees and laying peat bricks
Processing of brown coals and ozokerite ores
Work performed by profession:
87. Mountain wax production operator
88. Ozokerite and ozokerite products production operator
89. Crusher
90. Briquette press operator
91. Filling machine operator
VI. Geological exploration and topographic-geodetic work
Work performed by profession:
92. Detonator, Master Demolitionist
93. Installer of geodetic signs
94. Electrical mechanic (fitter) on duty and equipment repair, employed in the field
VII. Drilling of the wells
Work performed by profession:
95. Driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells
96. Derrick erector, rig-welder, derrick-electrician
97. Drilling rig operator
98. Well cementing operator
99. Motorist of a cementing unit, motorist of a cement-sand mixing unit
100. Pipe crimper
101. Assistant driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells (first)
102. Assistant driller for production and exploration drilling of oil and gas wells (second)
103. Drilling mud maker engaged in manual preparation of mud
104. Drilling rig maintenance mechanic, directly employed on drilling rigs
105. A mechanic repairing drilling equipment
106. Tool joint installer
107. Electrician for drilling rig maintenance
VIII. Mining of oil and gas
108. Driller overhaul wells
109. Driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
110. Operator of a steam mobile dewaxing unit
111. Mobile compressor operator
112. Lift operator
113. Washing unit operator
114. Hydraulic fracturing operator
115. Operator for preparing wells for major and underground repairs
116. Underground well repair operator
117. Well chemical treatment operator
118. Assistant driller for major workover of wells
119. Assistant driller of a floating drilling unit at sea
120. Workers, managers and specialists constantly engaged in underground oil production
121. Mechanic for installation and repair of foundations of offshore drilling rigs and racks
122. Repairman engaged in installation and maintenance of process equipment and repair of oilfield equipment
123. Electrician for the repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, engaged in the maintenance and repair of technological equipment
IX. Ferrous metallurgy
124. Ladle worker working with molten metal
125. Metal heater engaged in work in methodical, chamber furnaces and wells of rolling and pipe production
126. Processor of surface defects of metal, engaged in work with pneumatic tools
Blast furnace production
Work performed by profession:
127. Top blast furnace
128. Blast Furnace Plumber
129. Blast furnace hearth
130. Operator of scale car
131. Skipova
Steelmaking
Work performed by profession:
132. Filling machine operator
133. Mixerova
134. Block stuffer
135. Furnace reduction of iron and annealing of iron powders
136. Melter of deoxidizers
137. Converter steelmaker's helper
138. Helper of the open-hearth furnace steelmaker
139. Helper of a steelmaker at an electroslag remelting installation
140. Electric furnace steelmaker's helper
141. Steel pourer
142. Converter steelmaker
143. Open hearth furnace steelmaker
144. Steelmaker of electroslag remelting plant
145. Electric furnace steelmaker
Rolling production
Work performed by profession:
146. Hot rolling mill roller
147. Pitch cook
148. Hot rolling mill operator's helper
149. Presser-stitcher of rail fastenings
150. Fitter-wire worker engaged in long-rolling production
Pipe production
Work performed by profession:
151. Calibrating mill roller
152. Roller of a hot pipe rolling mill
153. Roller of a furnace pipe welding mill
154. Roller of a cold pipe rolling mill
155. Roller of a pipe forming mill
156. Pipe drawer employed in non-mechanized mills
157. Pipe calibrator on a press
158. Blacksmith on hammers and presses
159. Helper of a rolling mill for hot rolling of pipes
160. Helper of the roller of a cold pipe rolling mill
Ferroalloy production
Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:
161. Forge of ferroalloy furnaces
162. Melter engaged in melting and granulating molten vanadium pentoxide
163. Ferroalloy smelter
164. Workers engaged in the smelting of silicon alloys in open arc furnaces
165. Workers engaged in the production of metal chromium and chromium-containing alloys by an aluminothermic method
Coke production
166. Work related to direct employment in the production of benzene, its hydrotreating and rectification
Work performed by profession:
167. Barilletchik
168. Door
169. Crusher
170. Luke
171. Scrubber-pumper engaged in servicing the phenol installation in the coking products recovery shop
172. Repairman servicing coke oven batteries
X. Non-ferrous metallurgy
Work performed in general professions:
173. Anode pourer engaged in pouring anode bottom sections in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon
174. An installer repairing bathtubs, engaged in drilling a recess for a cathode rod in the production of aluminum, silumin and silicon
175. Melter
176. Calcifier
177. Repairman, electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, employed in the main metallurgical shops
178. Sinterer
179. A charger working at furnaces in the production of tin
Production of non-ferrous and rare metals, production of powders
from non-ferrous metals
180. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in workshops (departments and areas) for the production of titanium tetrachloride (tetrachloride)
181. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in the loparite concentrate chlorination shops
182. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in workshops (departments and areas) for the recovery of tetrachloride and metal separation in the production of titanium metal
183. Work performed by workers and craftsmen employed in departments (areas) of chlorination and rectification of titanium raw materials (slag)
184. Work performed by workers employed in the department of slag processing by sublimation at a fuming installation in tin production
185. Work performed by workers employed in smelting shops, as well as in the processing of cinders in the production of mercury
Work performed by profession:
186. Anode operator in aluminum production
187. Titanium sponge knocker
188. Metal pourer
189. Cathode
190. Converter
191. Capacitor
192. Installer of reaction apparatuses, engaged in the installation and dismantling of baths and furnaces, in the repair and restoration of reaction apparatuses
193. Mercury chopper
194. Pechevoy in the production of zinc dust
195. Pechevoy on Waelz kilns
196. Pechevoy on the recovery and distillation of titanium and rare metals
197. Furnace for the recovery of nickel powder
198. Furnace for processing titanium-containing and rare earth materials
199. Electrolyte bath sludge operator, engaged in manual cleaning of baths
200. Molten salt electrolyser
Pressure processing of non-ferrous metals
201. Work performed by a hot metal roller engaged in rolling non-ferrous metals and their alloys
Aluminum production by electrolytic method
202. Work performed by workers and craftsmen
Alumina production
203. Work performed by a material handler operator employed at repair work in hard-to-reach places of pneumatic and hydraulic loaders
XI. Repair of power plant equipment and networks
Work performed by profession:
204. Electrician for repair of overhead power lines, engaged in steeplejack work repairing high-voltage power lines
205. Electrician for the repair and installation of cable lines, engaged in the repair of cable glands with lead litharge and soldering of lead cable couplings and sheaths
XII. Abrasives production
Work performed by profession:
206. Balancer-pouring abrasive wheels, busy pouring abrasive products with lead
207. Bulldozer operator engaged in hot dismantling of resistance furnaces in the production of abrasives
208. Melter of abrasive materials
209. Podina worker employed in the corundum workshop
210. Resistance furnace dismantler employed in the silicon carbide production shop
XIII. Electrical production
Work performed in general professions:
211. Mercury distiller
212. Mercury rectifier molder performing work with open mercury
Electrocoal production
213. Work performed by workers on pitch smelting
Cable production
Work performed by profession:
214. Lead or aluminum cable crimper engaged in hot lead crimping
215. Remover of sheaths from cable products, engaged in removing only lead sheaths
Production of chemical power sources
Work performed by profession:
216. Foundry worker of lead alloy products
217. Dry mass mixer (for lead batteries)
218. Melter of lead alloys
219. Battery plate cutter engaged in stamping and separating formed lead plates
XIV. Radio engineering and electronic production
Work performed by profession:
220. Tester of parts and devices engaged in testing devices in thermobaric chambers at temperatures of +28 ° C and above and -60 ° C and below, provided that they are directly in them
221. Caster of magnets on crystallizer furnaces
222. Melter of shopalloy and bismuth
XV. Aircraft production and repair
Work performed by profession:
223. A mechanic for repairing aircraft engines and a mechanic for repairing units engaged in the repair of engines and units running on leaded gasoline
XVI. Shipbuilding and ship repair
Work performed by profession:
224. Reinforcement worker of reinforced concrete ships, engaged in work on vibrating tables, vibrating platforms, cassette installations and with manual vibrators
225. Ship bender engaged in hot bending
226. Boilermaker
227. Painter, ship insulator, engaged in painting work in tanks, second bottom areas, warm boxes and other hard-to-reach areas of ships, as well as in work on cleaning old paint in these areas of ships
228. Coppermaker for the manufacture of ship products, engaged in hot work
229. Ship carpenter working in closed compartments of ships
230. Workers of the commissioning team at mooring, factory and state tests
231. A ship's hewer engaged in work with hand-held pneumatic tools
232. An assembler of metal ship hulls, engaged in sectional, block and slipway assembly of surface ships, constantly combining his work with electric tack, gas cutting and metal processing with hand-held pneumatic tools, as well as ship repair
233. Mechanical mechanic for testing installations and equipment, engaged in adjusting and testing marine diesel engines in enclosed spaces and inside ships
234. Ship fitter, engaged in installation inside ships during repairs
235. Ship repairman engaged in work inside ships
236. Ship hull repairman
237. Ship rigger
238. Ship's pipefitter
XVII. Chemical production
Work performed in chemical production by profession and certain categories of workers:
239. Melting operator engaged in smelting and refining pitch
240. Steamer engaged in tearing and steaming rubber
Production of inorganic products
Calcium carbide production
241. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in furnaces and manual crushing of carbide
Phosgene production
242. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of mercury and its compounds
243. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages, except for remotely controlled production
Production of yellow phosphorus
244. Workers, shift managers and specialists directly involved in the maintenance of mine slot furnaces, roasting and sintering furnaces, fines granulation plants, in phosphorus electric sublimation departments, in the filling of phosphorus tanks, in the maintenance of phosphorus storage tanks, phosphorus sludge, sludge distillation and in the processing of fire-liquids slag
Production of phosphorus trichloride and phosphorus pentasulphide
245. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of chlorine using the mercury method
246. Workers engaged in technological stages
Production of liquid chlorine and chlorine dioxide
247. Workers engaged in technological stages
Carbon disulfide production
248. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in the retort and condensation departments
Work with fluorine, hydrogen fluoride and fluorides
249. Workers, managers and specialists (except for work performed in laboratories using hydrofluoric acid and fluorides)
Production of arsenic and arsenic compounds
250. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of silicon tetrachloride
251. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of technical iodine
252. Workers engaged in squeezing iodine
Production of organic products
Production of benzatron and its chlorine and bromine derivatives, vilontron
253. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of aniline, paranitroaniline, aniline salts and fluxes
254. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of benzidine and its analogues
255. Workers, managers, specialists and other employees employed directly in production and at the dissolution station of these products
Production of carbon tetrachloride, golovax, rematol, sovol
256. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of chloropicrin
257. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of catalysts containing arsenic
258. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of ziram, mercury- and arsenic-containing pesticides
259. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Chloroprene production
260. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of chloroprene rubber and latex
261. Workers involved in the technological stages of polymerization and product separation
Production of ethyl liquid
262. Workers, managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of benzene, toluene, xylene
263. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Paint and varnish production
Production of lead litharge and red lead, lead crowns,
white, lead green and jurmedite
264. Workers, shift managers and specialists engaged in technological stages
Production of chemical fibers and threads
265. Regeneration operator engaged in the regeneration of carbon disulfide
Production of fiberglass-based products
synthetic resins (phenol-formaldehyde, epoxy,
unsaturated polyester resins)
266. Operators engaged in contact molding of large-sized products with an area of 1.5 sq.m or more
Production of medicines, medical, biological
drugs and materials
Antibiotic production
267. Filtration operator engaged in manual disassembly and assembly of filter presses with frame sizes greater than 500 mm
Extracting morphine from raw opium
268. Filtration operator engaged in manual disassembly and assembly of filter presses with frame sizes greater than 500 mm
Androgen production
269. Operator for the production of synthetic hormones, engaged in the production of testosterone preparations and its derivatives
XVIII. Production and processing of rubber compounds
Work performed by profession:
270. Vulcanizer engaged in loading and unloading products in boilers over 6 meters long, vulcanizing propeller shafts
271. Rubber mixer operator
272. Workers employed in the departments: cold vulcanization, production of radol and facts
273. Repairer of rubber products, engaged in the manufacture and repair of large rubber parts and products, vulcanization of reinforced parts (large tires, rubber fuel tanks, reservoirs, conveyor belts, etc.)
Production, retreading and repair of tires
274. Work performed by a vulcanizer, tire collector (heavy duty)
XIX. Oil, gas, shale and coal processing, production
synthetic petroleum products, petroleum oils and lubricants
Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:
275. Coke cleaner
276. Coke unloader
277. Workers, shift managers and specialists employed in gasoline leaded process plants
278. Workers employed in extraction shops and departments of aromatic hydrocarbons production
279. Workers engaged in the preparation of arsenic solutions for the purification of sulfur-containing petroleum gas
XX. Logging and rafting
Logging work
280. Loading and unloading of round timber (except for pulpwood, mine stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)
281. Stacking of round timber (except for pulpwood, mine stand and firewood up to 2 meters long)
Work performed by profession:
282. Forest feller
283. A lumberjack engaged in felling, bucking logs and hilling logs, chopping firewood, harvesting and cutting tar resin, as well as harvesting wood using hand tools
284. Timber piler, engaged in the creation of inter-operational and seasonal reserves of logs and trees, loading trees, logs and round timber (with the exception of pulpwood, mine stands and firewood up to 2 meters long) onto timber rolling stock and unloading them, performing the work manually
285. Chokerer
Timber rafting
Work performed by profession:
286. Raftsman
287. Rigger engaged in loading and unloading rigging
288. Raft shaper
XXI. Production of pulp, paper, cardboard and products made from them
Work performed by profession:
289. Operator for preparing chemical solutions, working on dissolving chlorine
290. Impregnation operator engaged in the production of anti-corrosion and inhibited paper
291. Cooker of fibrous raw materials
292. Pulp cook
293. Woodpair
294. Pyrite crusher
295. Loader of balances into defibrators
296. Loader of pyrites, sulfur furnaces and turmas
297. Sulphate loader
298. Acid
299. Mixer
300. Acid tank liner
301. Fiber sawmill
302. Impregnator of paper and paper products, engaged in fiber impregnation
303. Sulfurous acid regenerator
304. Repairman, lubricator, cleaner of production and office premises, electrician for repair and maintenance of electrical equipment, employed in the production of sulfite cellulose and sulfurous acid
305. Sodaman
306. Paper (board) machine dryer, employed on high-speed paper and board machines operating at speeds of 400 or more meters per minute
307. Chlorine man
XXII. Cement production
308. Work performed by workers cleaning sludge pools and talkers
XXIII. Stone processing and production of stone foundry products
Work performed by profession:
309. Stone casting pourer
310. Stonemaker
311. Stonecutter
312. Mill operator busy breaking diabase crushed stone into powder
313. Stone processing equipment operator
314. Stone sawyer
315. Stone miller
XXIV. Production of reinforced concrete and concrete products and structures
316. Work as a carver of concrete and reinforced concrete products
XXV. Production of thermal insulation materials
Work performed by profession:
317. Bitumen worker
318. Cupola maker
XXVI. Production of soft roofing and waterproofing materials
319. Work performed by the digester loader
XXVII. Production of glass and glass products
Work performed by profession:
320. Quartz blower (except for those engaged in the manufacture of products with a diameter of up to 100 mm and a wall thickness of up to 3 mm)
321. Quartz smelter
322. Mirror dyer working with mercury
323. Batch compiler engaged in manual work using red lead
324. Halmovschik
XXVIII. Textile and light industry
Work performed in general textile manufacturing professions:
325. Sizing equipment operator engaged in non-mechanized lifting and removal of rollers
326. Plumber cleaning sewer trenches and wells
Primary processing of cotton
327. Work as a press operator
Hemp and jute production
328. Work as a fiber preparer engaged in breaking bales of jute
Wool production
Work performed by profession:
329. Washer of technical cloths
330. Assistant foreman employed in a weaving workshop in the production of cloth
Fulling and felt production
Work performed by profession:
331. Fuller engaged in the production of dense felts
332. Shoe fitter engaged in manual work
333. Shoe remover from lasts, engaged in removing felted shoes by hand
Tanning and leather production
335. Transportation, unloading and loading of large leather raw materials and semi-finished products manually in the soaking and ash shops of leather factories
Work performed by profession:
336. A skinner engaged in turning large leathers on blocks by hand, in the fleshing and breaking of large leather raw materials
337. Leather roller engaged in rolling large and hard leathers on rollers
338. Leather cutter
339. Sorter of products, semi-finished products and materials, engaged in sorting large leather raw materials
340. Cleaner of products, semi-finished products and materials, engaged in cleaning large leathers and large leather raw materials on blocks by hand
Production of leather shoes
341. Work as a molder of parts and products, working on Anklepf type machines
XXIX. Food industry
342. Baling waste from corrugated packaging production
Work performed in general food production professions:
343. Diffusion operator servicing periodic diffusers when loading manually
344. Ice harvester, engaged in collecting ice in reservoirs and laying it in piles
345. Bone charcoal maker
346. Cleaning machine operator engaged in manual dismantling of separators
Production of meat products
Work performed by profession:
347. Livestock fighter engaged in operations of stunning, hooking, bleeding of large and small cattle and pigs; evisceration, manual removal of cattle hides; sawing up carcasses; scalds and scorches of pork carcasses and heads; horizontal processing of cattle carcasses
348. Skin peeler
349. Skin processor
Fish extraction and processing
350. All types of work on fishing, search and receiving and transport sea vessels, with the exception of sea floating crab canneries, fish processing bases, large freezing fishing trawlers and refrigerated sea vessels, where women’s labor is allowed in all jobs, excluding jobs (professions, positions) , specified in sections XXXII "Maritime transport" and XXXIII "River transport" of this list
351. Manually turning barrels of fish
Work performed by profession:
352. Loader-unloader of food products, engaged in loading grates with canned food into autoclaves manually
353. Processor of sea animals, engaged in fleshing the skins of sea animals
354. A fish processor engaged in pouring and unloading fish manually from vats, chests, ships, slots and other navigable containers; mixing fish in salting vats by hand
355. Presser-squeezer of food products, engaged in pressing (squeezing) fish in barrels by hand
356. Receiver of watercraft
357. Coastal fisherman engaged in hand-pulling cast nets, ice fishing on cast nets, set nets and vents
Bakery production
358. Work performed by a dough handler working on dough mixing machines with rolling bowls with a capacity of over 330 liters when moving them manually
Tobacco-shag and fermentation production
359. Work performed by an auxiliary worker engaged in transporting bales of tobacco
Perfume and cosmetic production
360. Work performed by a worker engaged in grinding amidochloric mercury
Extraction and production of table salt
Work performed by profession:
361. Salt piler in swimming pools
362. Pool preparer
363. Track worker on the lake
XXX. Rail transport and metro
Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:
364. Battery worker repairing lead batteries
365. A handcar driver and his assistant working on broad gauge railway lines
366. Freight train conductor
367. Fireman of steam locomotives in the depot
368. Diesel train driver and his assistant
369. A locomotive driver and his assistant working on broad gauge railway lines
370. Locomotive driver and his assistant
371. Diesel locomotive driver and his assistant
372. Traction unit operator and his assistant
373. Electric locomotive driver and his assistant
374. Electric train driver and his assistant
375. Track fitter (if the established norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually are exceeded)
376. Porter engaged in moving luggage and hand luggage
377. Inspector-repairer of wagons
378. Pipe puncher-blower
379. Conductor for escorting cargo and special wagons, engaged in escorting cargo on open rolling stock
380. Locomotive boiler cleaner
381. Impregnator of lumber and wood products, engaged in impregnation using oil antiseptics
382. Car speed controller
383. A mechanic for the repair of rolling stock, performing the following work:
for repairing fittings on steam locomotives when washing them warmly; in fire and smoke boxes;
for blowing the bottom and gutters of electric rolling stock and diesel locomotives with electric transmission;
for disassembling, repairing and assembling drainage devices and safety valves, for inspecting and filling valves for drainage devices in tanks containing petroleum products and chemical products
384. Train compiler, assistant train compiler
385. Electrician of a contact network engaged in work at height on electrified railways
386. Workers loading asbestos waste, constantly working in the ballast quarry of asbestos waste
XXXI. Automobile transport
Work performed by profession:
387. A car driver working on a bus with more than 14 seats (except for those employed in intra-factory, intra-city, suburban transportation and transportation in rural areas within one day shift, subject to non-involvement in maintenance and repair of the bus)
388. A car driver working on a vehicle with a carrying capacity of over 2.5 tons (except for those employed in intra-factory, intra-city, suburban transportation and transportation in rural areas within one day shift, provided that they are not involved in the maintenance and repair of the truck)
389. Automobile repairman manually washing engine parts of a car running on leaded gasoline.
390. A car repair mechanic engaged in running-in an engine using leaded gasoline.
391. Fuel equipment mechanic employed in motor vehicles repairing fuel equipment for carburetor engines running on leaded gasoline.
XXXII. Sea transport
392. Coastal boatswain, coastal sailor, senior coastal sailor (with the exception of those working at passenger berths of local and suburban lines)
393. Ship fireman and boiler operator engaged in servicing boilers on ships and cranes, regardless of the type of fuel burned in the boilers
394. Cranmaster and his assistant
395. Crane operator (crane operator) working on a floating crane and his assistant
396. Engine command staff (mechanics, electromechanics and others) and engine crew (machinists, mechanics, electricians, turners and mechanics of all types and others) of ships of all types of fleet
397. Deck crew (boatswain, skipper, mate and sailors of all types) of ships of all types of fleet, as well as floating cleaning stations, docks, floating reloaders of grain, cement, coal and other dust-generating cargo
398. Workers of complex teams and loaders engaged in loading and unloading operations in ports and piers
399. Crew members of all types of fleet, combining work in two positions of deck and engine personnel
XXXIII. River transport
Work performed by profession and position:
400. Loaders, dockers-mechanists (except for dockers-mechanists who constantly work as crane operators, drivers of intra-port transport and workers servicing machines and continuous mechanisms for cargo processing, with the exception of substances belonging to hazard classes 1 and 2)
401. Ship stoker employed on ships operating on solid fuel
402. Sailors of all types of passenger and cargo-passenger ships (except for hydrofoil and planing ships, as well as ships operating on intracity and suburban lines), dredgers, dredgers and mixed river-sea navigation vessels
403. Crane operator (crane operator) working on a floating crane
404. Engine crew of ships of all types of fleet, as well as crew members of ships of all types of fleet, combining work in two positions of deck and engine personnel
XXXIV. civil Aviation
Work performed by profession and certain categories of workers:
405. Aviation mechanic (technician) for airframe and engines, aviation mechanic (technician) for instruments and electrical equipment, aviation mechanic (technician) for radio equipment, aviation technician (mechanic) for parachute and rescue equipment, aviation technician for fuels and lubricants , engineer directly involved in the maintenance of aircraft (helicopters)
406. Porter engaged in moving baggage and hand luggage at airports
407. Gas station operator engaged in refueling aircraft with leaded gasoline, as well as refueling special vehicles with leaded gasoline
408. Workers engaged in cleaning and repairing the inside of gas turbine aircraft fuel tanks
409. Workers engaged in the preparation of bitumen and repair of runways and taxiways (filling joints) at airfields
XXXV. Connection
410. Operational and technical maintenance of radio equipment and communication equipment on high-rise buildings (towers, masts) over 10 m high, not equipped with elevators
XXXVI. Printing production
Work related to the use of lead alloys
411. Work on casting operations and finishing of the stereotype
Work performed by profession:
412. Printing equipment adjuster, employed in the areas of casting stereotypes, type, typesetting and whitespace materials
413. Caster
414. Stereotyper
Gravure printing workshops
415. Work in the gravure printing department (except for acceptance and packaging of finished products)
416. Work performed by an intaglio plate etcher
XXXVII. Production of musical instruments
417. Peeling and cleaning of cast iron frames of pianos and grand pianos using abrasive wheels
418. Work performed by a wind instrument parts maker engaged in the manufacture of parts for brass instruments
XXXVIII. Agriculture
419. Performing operations in crop production, livestock farming, poultry farming and fur farming using pesticides, pesticides and disinfectants (under the age of 35)
420. Maintenance of stud bulls, stud stallions, boars
421. Loading and unloading of animal corpses, confiscated goods and pathological material
422. Work in wells, slurry tanks and tanks, silos and haylage towers
423. Work as tractor drivers in agricultural production
424. Working as truck drivers
425. Removing skins from the corpses of cattle, horses and cutting up carcasses
426. Transportation, loading and unloading of pesticides
427. Laying drainage pipes manually
XXXIX. Work performed in various sectors of the economy
428. Cleaning, scraping and painting work in ship and railway tanks, ship liquid fuel tanks and oil tankers, cofferdams, fore- and afterpeaks, chain boxes, double-bottom and double-hull spaces and other hard-to-reach places
429. Painting work using lead white, lead sulfate or other compositions containing these dyes
430. Installation, repair and maintenance of contact networks, as well as overhead power lines when working at a height of over 10 m
431. Direct fire extinguishing
432. Maintenance of floating craft, dredgers with ship rigging work
433. Cleaning of containers (reservoirs, measuring tanks, tanks, barges, etc.) from sour oil, products of its processing and sulfur-containing petroleum gas
434. Work with metallic mercury in open form(except for workers employed in installations and semi-automatic machines, where effective air exchange in the workplace is ensured)
435. Mixing gasoline with ethyl liquid
436. Cleaning mercury rectifiers
Work performed by profession:
437. Antenna-mast operator
438. Bitumen cooker
439. Snowmobile driver
440. Diver
441. Gas rescuer
442. Mercury dispenser engaged in dosing open mercury manually
443. Wood splitter engaged in manual work
444. Boilermaker repairing hot boilers
445. Boiler cleaner
446. A painter engaged in preparing lead paints by hand
447. Painter engaged in painting inside containers using paints and varnishes containing lead, aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons, as well as painting large-sized products in closed chambers with a spray gun using the same paints and varnishes
448. Crane operator (crane operator) busy working at sea
449. A driver (stoker) of a boiler house engaged in servicing steam and water-heating boilers when loading manually with the consumption per change of solid mineral and peat fuel per driver (stoker) exceeding the established norms of maximum permissible loads for women when lifting and moving heavy objects manually
450. Paratrooper (paratrooper-firefighter)
451. Workers of the engine crew of floating cranes
452. Grinder engaged in grinding pitch
453. Repairman of artificial structures
454. Emergency repair mechanic engaged in cleaning the sewerage network
455. Rigger engaged in installation and dismantling of equipment
456. A cleaner engaged in cleaning pipes, furnaces and flues
Notes:
1. An employer may decide to employ women in jobs (professions, positions) included in this list, subject to the creation of safe working conditions, confirmed by the results of certification of workplaces, with a positive conclusion of the state examination of working conditions and the state sanitary and epidemiological inspection service of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation.
2. List of positions of managers, specialists and other workers related to underground work, in which, as an exception, the use of female labor is permitted:
general director, director, chief, technical director, manager, chief engineer of mines and mines for the extraction of coal, ore and non-metallic minerals by underground methods, for the construction of subways, tunnels, mine construction and mine tunneling departments, construction and construction and installation departments and construction and other underground structures, their deputies and assistants; chief, chief engineer of mining workshops and sections, their deputies and assistants; senior engineer, engineer, technician, other managers, specialists and employees who do not perform physical work; engineer, technician, laboratory assistant, other specialists and employees who do not perform physical work and do not permanently stay underground; chief surveyor, senior surveyor, mine surveyor, mine surveyor; chief geologist, chief hydrogeologist, chief hydrologist, mine, mine geologist, geologist, mine, mine hydrogeologist, hydrogeologist, hydrologist;
workers servicing stationary mechanisms that have automatic start and stop, and who do not perform other work related to physical activity; workers undergoing training and admitted to internships in underground parts of organizations;
scientific and educational institutions, design and engineering organizations;
doctor, paramedical and junior medical personnel, bartender and other workers involved in sanitary and consumer services.
The list of 456 professions prohibited for women's work may be revised. Minister of Labor and Social Protection Maxim Topilin told reporters about this earlier.
Chairman of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia (FNPR) Mikhail Shmakov explained to the Moscow 24 portal that there is a point in revising the prohibited list, since modern conditions labor have changed significantly: in many ways they have become more gentle.
According to the chairman of the Women's Union of Russia, member of the Federation Council Ekaterina Lakhova, this topic will be brought to the coordination council for the implementation of the National Strategy for Action in the Interests of Women, which is headed by Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation Olga Golodets. “The topic is relevant because times are changing, production technologies are higher, working conditions are improving, so the list, of course, needs to be revised,” she said.
Currently, there are 456 professions on the list of professions prohibited for women. It was approved by the Russian government on February 25, 2000.
At the same time, the head of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions is convinced that canceling the list and allowing all professions is unacceptable. “There are a number of professions that, for purely physiological reasons, women do not need to engage in, because the value of a woman is not only in her work - she is also the continuer of the human race, a future or existing mother, so we must take care of all women,” noted Mikhail Shmakov.
In his opinion, the question of the impact of a particular profession on health needs serious research. “No matter how much we want absolute equality of the sexes, the bodies of men and women are different. Men exist for one thing, and women for another. Women can do what no man can do - give birth to a child. Therefore, draw a conclusion about Sanitary doctors who deal with the impact of harmful factors on human health should determine what work is acceptable for women and what is not,” the portal’s interlocutor emphasized.
It is high time?
In turn, Ekaterina Lakhova believes that the list should have been revised a long time ago. “At our flight school, girls are recruited and trained to be pilots. Why can’t a woman be a driver or an assistant driver? After all, it’s a woman’s right to choose who to be,” she emphasized in a conversation with the Moscow 24 portal.
At the same time, the senator says that when reviewing the list of professions, it is, of course, necessary to take into account the impact of heavy physical labor on a woman’s reproductive function and on women’s health in mature age. “When gerontologists today begin to study the health of women of the older generation, they discover that those women who engaged in heavy physical labor develop health problems as they age. They are associated with organ loss and other diseases. It must be admitted that the existing restrictions on hard physical work, first of all, in the interests of a woman’s health,” added the chairman of the Women’s Union of Russia.
Ekaterina Lakhova is convinced that in Russia there is not only professional discrimination against women, but also a difference in income: women earn money in the same position fewer men. “A man can improve his qualifications and get a category faster, but women move up the career ladder more slowly. As a result, they lag behind in wages. We traditionally have a 25-30 percent difference in pay,” the senator emphasized.
In turn, Alexander Shcherbakov, a professor at the Department of Labor and Social Policy at RANEPA, believes that lifting the “taboo” on some professions is unlikely to have a significant impact on the labor market in Russia. “We are unlikely to feel tangible changes, since a limited number of professions are now prohibited for women. Even if some men are replaced by women, this will not significantly affect the labor market. If the profession is allowed, then women will not displace men; these will be isolated cases. Process. will proceed gradually, evolutionarily,” he said.
In his opinion, in various sectors of the economy it was previously necessary to put in heavy physical labor in production, and this was unacceptable for women. “Now working conditions have changed, new machines have appeared that have changed production technology, and women are becoming able to work. Of course, the number of areas where women’s work is prohibited in the interests of health will be reduced,” Shcherbakov said.
He believes that the ban on some professions is subjective and not always clear. “You need to look at the features of a particular profession, because there may be moments that an outsider may not notice or take into account. At first glance, the ban on women driving large buses over long distances is not legal. On the other hand, the work is associated with a high workload ", with difficult conditions, without eating and other things. All this is difficult for a woman, especially during pregnancy. Such work is not very humane towards women. But over time, if working conditions change, then the ban on this profession can be reconsidered" ,” Shcherbakov noted.
We can do everything!
But the first woman, the captain of the ship Valentina Bunina, is convinced that a woman can do any profession. “The idea that there is a purely female and a purely male profession is a myth. When I started my professional career in the navy, the most difficult thing was to convince men that a woman cannot be a captain. I had to grit my teeth and prove it with my work.” “, she admitted to the Moscow 24 portal.
According to her, many women give up when trying to prove their worth to men. “Girls came to our fleet, started working, and the men started telling them that this was not women's work that they couldn’t work, and eventually they left,” the captain recalls.
At the same time, according to her observation, women are far from the worst workers in shipping. “There are positions that a woman performs better. For example, a woman understands people better. This has been ingrained for centuries. And if you break it down, it’s nonsense that a woman can’t do something,” added Valentina Bunina.
The first female captain worked in the Navy for more than 30 years, and since 2003 she has been teaching at the Academy of Water Transport. In addition, Valentina Ivanovna raised four sons.
The Russian company also advocates allowing a woman to work as a driver and assistant driver on the railway. railways". “The ban on women working in our country was justified by harmful factors associated with vibration, because freight and passenger locomotives were not very comfortable,” Irina Kostenets, adviser to the general director of Russian Railways, told reporters. – But now more modern rolling stock has appeared, including high speed trains"Peregrine Falcon".
Photo: portal of the mayor and government of Moscow
The railway workers, according to Kostenets, intend to propose to the government to cancel common list professions for which women are prohibited.
However, if women are allowed to be drivers, society will not immediately accept it, says Senator Ekaterina Lakhova. “Now there is distrust, even fear, in society towards women, for example, pilots. One or two generations must change before we all correctly perceive female pilots and female machinists,” she noted.