Before finding out which rivers belong to the Pacific Ocean basin, it is worth finding out what the Pacific Ocean itself is.

The deceptive Pacific Ocean is surrounded by five continents:

• Eurasia;
• North America;
• South America;
• Australia;
• Antarctica.

A countless number of islands are scattered throughout its territory. The ocean connects countries and people through water and air routes.

The Quiet was first called the Great, it is the leader among other oceans:

1. The total surface area is 178.7 million square kilometers - half the total area of ​​​​all bodies of water on Earth and a third of the planet's surface. From south to north it stretches for 16 thousand kilometers, from east to west – for 20 thousand.
2. The total volume of water is 710 million cubic kilometers. At the same time, when closer to the poles the water becomes covered with ice, builds icebergs and gives rise to tsunamis, in tropical latitudes it surprises with its transparency and piercing blue. Tens of thousands of living beings live there - fish, animals, bacteria, algae, fungi.
3. The average depth of the ocean is 3984 m. The bottom is indented by mountains and gorges. The deepest place Mariana Trench(distance from the water surface to the bottom – 11 km). It was formed 180 million years ago and carefully keeps its secrets from scientists. The complex relief distinguishes the seas in the Pacific Ocean, each of which has a special life.

Rivers belonging to the Pacific Ocean make up a list of almost four hundred names. They replenish the water supply and bring alluvium - material for the structure of the bottom. These are mainly turbulent mountain streams with a winding bed.

The most deep rivers Pacific Ocean basin belong to the lands of Eurasia and North America. The remaining continents provide an insignificant influx. Asian flows only affect the adjacent seas. Those that escape from American shores become completely part of the ocean.

Yangtze

The Yangtze River crosses China from west to east. It divided the country, giving rise in ancient times to different cultures on its two banks.

The source of the Yangtze is located in the mountains of Tibet at about 5000 m above sea level. Here it is fed by glaciers of the Tangla and Kukushili ridges. At the beginning of the journey, the river is called Jinshajiang.

Having squeezed through the gorges of the Sino-Tibetan mountains, it significantly loses altitude. In the Tiger Leaping Gorge canyon there is the narrowest place on the river - about 30 m. According to legend, a tiger, running away from a hunter, was able to overcome this distance. The canyon is located on the territory of a UNESCO protected reserve park"Three parallel rivers", namely the Yangtze, Mekong and Salween.

Further, the Yangtze path passes through the Sichuan Basin. Here it is joined by the large tributaries Minjiang and Jialingjiang. The rivers here are fed by monsoons. The current becomes peaceful, and full-fledged navigation begins from here.

A popular tourist destination is the Three Gorges. The Yangtze and Wujiang, one of its main tributaries, made their way through the Wushan mountain range, forming the Qutang, Wu and Xiling gorges.

The beauty of nature is highlighted by a powerful hydroelectric power station built on the river. A cascade of dams contributes to the destruction of natural and historical monuments located here.

Below the Yangtze flows through the Jianghan Plain, where it is replenished with the waters of several lakes and tributaries, of which there are more than 700, of which the largest is the Han Shui.

Passing along the southern tip of the Great Chinese Plain, the Yangtze splits into many branches and, when it flows into the South China Sea, forms the Golden Triangle - a wide delta that forms an estuary. The eight-kilometer Sutunsky Bridge is thrown across it - the longest cable-stayed bridge on the planet. Here stands the most populous city on Earth - Shanghai.

In the Pacific Ocean, the Yangtze is the largest river in Eurasia. The Chinese themselves call it the “Long River” - Changjiang. In general, its length is 6300 km.

The river's waters are used for electricity production, agriculture, fishing, tourism and shipping in conjunction with the Grand Canal.

Yellow River

The second longest river in the Pacific Ocean is the Yellow River, called Yellow for its unusual color. Its length, according to various estimates, ranges from 4670 km to 5464 km.

For a long time it bore the name “China’s Sorrow” or “River of a Thousand Sorrows.” The reason for this was regular destructive floods that claimed many lives. Two dozen times its bed changed the direction and location of its mouth, flooding entire villages.

Gradually, the river is filled with sand brought from the source and becomes more and more unruly. Despite the construction of several dozen dams for power plants, special bypass canals and watersheds, disasters recur every few years.

But the same sediments enable farmers to obtain a rich harvest. The use of water to flood the rice fields led to the fact that the Yellow River began to dry up.

The area of ​​the river basin is approximately 750 thousand square kilometers. It is difficult to determine precisely due to the variable nature of the current. For the same reason, shipping is poorly developed even on the calm, flat part.

The Yellow River originates at an altitude of 4500 m on the Tibetan Plateau at Bayan Khara Ula, near the source of the Yangtze and Mekong. The upper reaches of these rivers were united into the “Sources of Three Rivers” nature reserve.

Having escaped from the embrace of the Tibetan mountains, the river makes an Ordos loop, hugging a section of the Ordos steppe. Between the low hills covered with sparse bushes, the mirrors of salt and fresh lakes shine. Lost among them is the mausoleum of the great conqueror Genghis Khan. The southern border is guarded by the Great Wall of China. The Yellow River continues its journey south and ends up on the Loess Plateau. Loess washed out of the soil - a calcareous type of stone of a light yellow color - became the reason for the name of the river. Here it is the only major source of moisture for numerous agricultural farms and cities. Then, downstream, the selected water is replenished by numerous tributaries, the most important of which are the Daxiahe, Weihe, Taohe, and Luohe. After running across the Great Chinese Plain, the Yellow River flows into the Yellow Sea, forming a delta on the shores of the Bohai Gulf.

Dozens of power plants and discharges pose an environmental problem industrial waste. The water is so polluted that it is not even suitable for use in industry and agriculture.

Mekong

The Mekong River also belongs to the Pacific Ocean basin. It begins on the Tangla ridge at an altitude of about 5 thousand kilometers and crosses the borders of six states of Indochina:

• China;
• Cambodia:
• Vietnam;
• Laos;
• Myanmar;
• Thailand.

For the last three, it partially serves as a natural boundary. Each country has its own name. For example, for the Chinese - Lancang, and for the Vietnamese - Cuu Long.

The length of the river is 4.5 thousand km and its fairly calm flow in the flat part allows it to be used as a serious transport artery. You can rise 700 km from the mouth at normal times, and 1600 km during high water. Much of the Mekong's route passes through mountain crevices. The fast, deep current is replete with rapids.

The construction of hydroelectric power stations is hampered by disputes between neighbors. After all, the river’s nutrition depends on both rain and glaciers at the source. Residents of Laos and Cambodia fear that the dams will cut off water supplies.

On the border between Laos and Cambodia, the channel elevation gradually changes to 21 m, and a stepped, spectacular Khon waterfall is formed. After it, the stream enters the plain and calms down.

Additional inflow is provided by lakes. The most original of them is Tonle Sap. It constantly changes shape, so residents build houses right on the water, and the runoff from the lake joins the Mekong flow along with all the waste. This practice was adopted by the people of Vietnam. They live in houseboats, under which they raise fish as livestock in nets. Vietnam has a branched Mekong Delta. Eight of its branches have formed estuaries that extend far into the South China Sea. The shores are covered with impenetrable swamps and jungles.

Yukon

The list of the longest rivers belonging to the Pacific Ocean includes the North American Yukon River with a length of 3185 km. Due to its deep water and harsh nature, the Indians called it the “Big River”.

Unlike those described above, it flows through cold lands and is covered with ice for more than half the year. The main share of water comes from glaciers and melting snow.

Despite the cold, there are animals here, salmon come to spawn.

The source of the Yukon is considered to be the Atlin Lakes complex, located in southwestern Canada at 731 m above sea level. The river flows from Lake Marsh, the last in the chain.

The Canadian part of the river is mountainous and full of rapids. It is not suitable for boat travel.

In this part the current is flat, in warm time from June to September it is used for shipping. Floods occur in June, when the water level rises to 20 m. There are only four bridges across the stream. automobile bridge and many crossings.

The Yukon flows into the Bering Sea. The Delta is the most densely populated area in Alaska. But at the beginning of the 20th century, it was impossible to find the Yukon and its tributary, the Klondike, on world maps. After the discovery of gold deposits, there were more hunters to move to the gold-bearing shores than they could accommodate. Nowadays there are few people who want to live in this cold region. The gold rush left only an aura of romance that attracts tourists. People also go on steamship excursions to admire the picturesque rocky shores.

Amur

The Far Eastern deep Amur has a length of 2824 kilometers. The basin area covers just under two million square kilometers and covers part of the territory of Mongolia.

There is ice on the river for half the year, from July to August. heavy rains lead to floods.

The beginning of the Amur is considered to be the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers at an altitude of 303 m above sea level. If you add the length of the sources, the total is more than 4000 km. After the merger, it heads east, separating the territory of Russia from China, where it is called the “Black River” or “Black Dragon”. Full-fledged shipping begins from this place.

Among the numerous tributaries of the Amur there are such as the Zeya. It is deeper and deeper and can compete for leadership. The point of its confluence separates the mountainous Upper and swampy valley Middle Amur.

After the annexation of Ussuri, the Lower Amur begins near Khabarovsk. The flat valley is covered with lakes and oxbow lakes left after seasonal floods.

The Amur ends in the Amur Estuary, from where it flows into the Tatar Strait, then into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and further into the Pacific Ocean.

The nature on the banks is as diverse as the nature of the current. Just as water boiling on rapids is replaced by a network of channels, so steppes and semi-deserts are replaced by taiga forests. Fishermen love the river for its abundance delicious fish. Scientists are studying ancient cave paintings left about three thousand years ago. Extreme tourists go rafting. Careful tourists can arrange a photo hunt for local birds and animals and, perhaps, catch the rarest Amur tiger in the frame.

The list of rivers included in the Pacific Ocean basin can go on for a long time. This list includes Anadyr, Colorado, Fraser, Liaohe, Brisbane and others. They are all beautiful. Each of them has its own characteristics, they benefit humans.

All rivers flowing into can be characterized as relatively short, but fast-flowing. Both the Amur and Anadyr originate and a third flow among the mountains.

Amur river

The Amur flows along the border of Russia and China, partly through the territory. Thus, it passes through the territory of three. In each country, the Amur has its own name, for example, the Chinese call it “Dragon River”, and “Black River”. The length of the Amur is two thousand eight hundred and seventy-four kilometers (2874 km), and the length of the entire basin is approximately four and a half thousand kilometers, from the mouth of the Shilka and Argun rivers. In terms of basin area, the Amur is in fourth place among Russian rivers, second only to , and , the area of ​​the Amur River basin is one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five square kilometers.

IN Russian Federation The Amur flows through the territory of the Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Chita Region, Jewish Autonomous Region and Aginsky Autonomous Okrug. The Amur is formed as a result of the connection of two rivers: Argun and Shilka. Argun originates in, more precisely on the western slope of the ridge. The length of the Arguni from its source to its junction with Shilka is approximately one thousand six hundred kilometers. The source of the Shilka is located in the Chita region, before connecting with the Argun, the river’s waters travel over five hundred and fifty kilometers.

Confluence of the Ussuri River with the Amur. Satellite view

The Amur has seven main tributaries: Zeya, Ussuri, Bureya, Sungari, Amgun, Anyui, Tunguska. Zeya is the right tributary of the Amur. The source is located high in the mountains belonging to the system. Ussuri- the right tributary of the Amur is less than nine hundred kilometers long. Bureya- the left tributary of the Amur, flows through the territory of the Amur region and Khabarovsk Territory, the length is approximately six hundred kilometers. Songhua - the largest right tributary of the Amur. Flows through the territory of China. Amgun- a large left tributary of the Amur, originates in the mountains of the Bureya Range. The length of Amguni is just over seven hundred kilometers. It flows through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, in conditions. Anyui- the right tributary of the Amur, the source is in the mountains of the Khabarovsk Territory. Tunguska- the left tributary of the Amur, eighty-six kilometers long, flows entirely through the Khabarovsk Territory.

Over the past two years, the environmental situation in the waters of the Amur has deteriorated significantly. In the winter of 2005, an accident occurred at a chemical plant located on the banks of the Songhua River in. The result of the incident was a powerful release of chemicals into the waters of the river, which is the largest tributary of the Amur; naturally, toxic substances soon found their way into the water of the Amur. Despite the construction of the dam, water poisoning continues to this day.

About one hundred and twenty species of fish live in the waters of the Amur. Among them are white and black carp, sturgeon, beluga, perch, kaluga and many others. Among the representatives of the sturgeon family, there are individuals of enormous size, sometimes the weight of beluga reaches one ton, and Amur sturgeons are considered the largest. The river is a large object where industrial fishing is developed.

Khabarovsk, Amur

Anadyr River

The Anadyr is a relatively small Chukotka river, its length is 1,150 kilometers, and its basin area is one hundred and ninety-one thousand square kilometers. The source of the Anadyr is located in the center of the Anadyr Plateau, there is a small lake from which the Siberian river originates. The channel passes through the territory of the Autonomous Okrug, and the river flows into the Gulf of Anadyr in. The shores of Anadyr represent high mountains, overgrown with dense trees, so settlements are not found along almost the entire length of the river. Sometimes nomadic tribes come to the cold waters of Anadyr.

Port of the city of Anadyr, located at the mouth of the Anadyr River

Anadyr has six large influx: Yablon (right tributary), Eropol (right tributary), Chineyveem (left tributary), Belaya (left tributary), Main (right tributary) and Tanyurer (left tributary). The width and depth of the river does not allow large cargo ships to navigate it, so it is used only by small ships as a transport line. Only at the mouth of the Anadyr it reaches six and a half, seven kilometers, in the middle reaches it is half narrower, and the upper reaches of the river are represented. Industrial fishing is developed in the lower reaches and the mouth of the Anadyr, in the upper reaches and middle reaches only amateurs and athletes catch fish. The lands belonging to the Anadyr basin are rich in deposits, so small barges travel along the river, transporting it downstream to the Anadyr Bay, where ports and berths are built.

Anadyr receives most of its water as a result of melting; to a lesser extent, the river is fed by rain and water. The upper reaches of the Chukotka River freeze very early - in mid-September, the middle and lower reaches are covered with ice in October. Ice drift begins only at the beginning of summer. Thus, there has been no shipping in Anadyr for about eight months.

Our planet Earth has an excellent water system. Of course, these are oceans, seas, rivers and lakes. Thanks to this water supply, life on the continents is possible. In this article I would like to consider those watercourses that enter the Pacific Ocean basin. Rivers mostly originate high in the mountains. They are deep and fast. The relief of the riverbeds is quite complex and is characterized by the presence of a large number of rapids. On their way, the streams crash into rocky massifs and wash them away. They are fed mainly by rain, only in the northeast - by snow.

WITH fast current almost all rivers of the Pacific Ocean basin. The list of these watercourses is headed by the river. Anadyr and r. Amur. They are considered the most important for Russian state and the largest. There are also other rivers that flow in China and other countries. There are about forty of them in total.

So, let's look at some rivers related to the Pacific Ocean basin.

Anadyr River

Located in the northeast of Russia, its source originates from a lake, which is located in the middle part of the Anadyr Plateau. The length of the river is about 1100 km, and the basin area is approximately 191 thousand square meters. km. The Chukotka River has large tributaries, six in total: Yablon, Eropol, Main - right, and Chineyveem, Belaya, Tanyurer - left. From September to April, the river is frozen - first in the upper reaches, and then in the lower reaches. Vegetable and animal world The water area is formed by the Pacific Ocean basin.

The rivers of this region are of great importance for the state. For example, Anadyr is used for shipping, but only for small ships. Industrial fishing is also developed here, but only at the source and in the lower reaches. Amateur fishing competitions are held in the upper reaches of the stream. The river coastline is rich in coal.

Amur river

The length of 2875 km and the basin area of ​​more than 4 thousand kilometers determine its location in three countries - Russia, China and Mongolia. The Amur begins at the confluence of the Argun and Shilka watercourses. Source of the river Argun is located in Mongolia, and Shilka originates in the Chita region.

Like many other rivers in the Pacific Ocean, the Amur has many tributaries, but seven main ones stand out: Zeya, Ussuri, Sungari, Anyui - right, and Bureya, Amgun, Tunguska - left.

This river is covered with ice for almost 6 months, from approximately November to April - May. Floods during the summer monsoons, which occur in July - August. The river is used for major shipping, industrial and recreational fishing, and is also a border zone.

Yellow River

The Yellow River flows through China. As mentioned above, all water flows entering the Pacific Ocean basin are rivers mountain type. The Yellow River is no exception. Its source is in the Tibetan mountains, it carries its waters across the Great Chinese Plain to the Bohan Bay. The river is also called yellow due to the fact that the loess that washes out of the rocky areas gives it the appropriate color. The main tributaries of the river are Daxia, Tao, Weihe and Luohe.

The Yellow River is used mainly in agriculture and for irrigation. Built along the banks a large number of Hydroelectric power station, aquaculture is developing, and only the flat area of ​​the river is suitable for navigation. The main problem is the frequent change of the riverbed.

Yangtze River

The Yangtze bed is located in China and its length is 6300 km, so its other name is Long river. It is worth noting that the rivers of the Pacific Ocean basin are generally quite deep. The Yangtze is the third most abundant water stream in the world. The source of the river is in the eastern part of the Tibetan Plateau, at an altitude of more than 5 thousand km. It flows, like the Yellow River, across the Great Chinese Plain and flows as a delta into the East China Sea, where Shanghai is located.

The tributaries of the Yangtze are quite large rivers - these are the Minjiang, Tuo, Jialingjiang, Hanshui, Yalongjiang. The food is monsoon, and in the upper reaches there is a small percentage of snow and glaciers. Only the relatively calm upper reaches of the river freeze, and then only for a short time.

Economic use of the Yangtze:

• transport shipping network (the Yangtze is connected to the Yellow River by the canal);
• irrigation system;
• industrial fishing, etc.

Mekong River

The Mekong River is the most big river six states (China, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia), which is located in the Pacific Ocean. Rivers of mountain origin are distinguished by their rapid flow and turbulent character. This is how the Mekong flow can be characterized.

The length of the river is 4.5 thousand km, and the area is slightly more than 800 thousand square meters. km. The source is located in the Tibetan Plateau, on the Tangla ridge. In the upper reaches the river has numerous rapids, and in the lower reaches it forms a large number of bends. Interesting feature The flow is that it connects with which makes them nourish each other.

Mekong has important in transport shipping, even sea vessels go deep into the peninsula, since the lower reaches of the river have sufficient depth.

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There are about forty rivers in the Pacific Ocean basin. The largest and most significant rivers are the Amur, which flows into the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, and the Anadyr, which flows into the Bering Sea. All rivers flowing into the Pacific Ocean can be characterized as relatively short, but fast-flowing. Both the Amur and Anadyr originate and a third flow among the mountains.

The Amur flows along the border of Russia and China, partly through the territory of Mongolia. Thus, the river bed passes through the territory of three countries. In each country, the Amur has its own name, for example, the Chinese call it “Black Dragon River”, and the Mongols “Black River”. The length of the Amur is two thousand eight hundred and seventy-four kilometers (2874 km), and the length of the entire basin is approximately four and a half thousand kilometers, from the mouth of the Shilka and Argun rivers. In terms of basin area, the Amur is in fourth place among Russian rivers, second only to the Yenisei, Ob and Lena; the area of ​​the Amur River basin is one thousand eight hundred and fifty-five square kilometers.

In Russia, the Amur flows through the territory of the Primorsky Territory, Khabarovsk Territory, Amur Region, Chita Region, Jewish Autonomous Region and Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug. The Amur is formed as a result of the connection of two rivers: Argun and Shilka. The Argun originates in Mongolia, more precisely on the western slope of the Greater Khingan Range. The length of the Arguni from its source to its junction with Shilka is approximately one thousand six hundred kilometers. The source of the Shilka is located in the Chita region, before connecting with the Argun, the river’s waters travel over five hundred and fifty kilometers.

The Amur has seven main tributaries: Zeya, Ussuri, Bureya, Sungari, Amgun, Anyui, Tunguska. The Zeya is the right tributary of the Amur. The source is located high in the mountains belonging to the system. The Ussuri is the right tributary of the Amur, less than nine hundred kilometers long. The Bureya is a left tributary of the Amur, flows through the territory of the Amur Region and Khabarovsk Territory, its length is approximately six hundred kilometers. The Sungari is the largest right tributary of the Amur. Flows through the territory of China. The Amgun is a large left tributary of the Amur, originating in the mountains of the Bureya Range. The length of Amguni is just over seven hundred kilometers. Flows through the territory of the Khabarovsk Territory, in conditions permafrost. Anyui is the right tributary of the Amur, the source is in the mountains of the Khabarovsk Territory. The Tunguska is a left tributary of the Amur, eighty-six kilometers long, flowing entirely through the plains of the Khabarovsk Territory.

Over the past two years, the environmental situation in the waters of the Amur has deteriorated significantly. In the winter of 2005, an accident occurred at a chemical plant located on the banks of the Songhua River in China. The result of the incident was a powerful release of chemicals into the waters of the river, which is the largest tributary of the Amur; naturally, toxic substances soon found their way into the water of the Amur. Despite the construction of the dam, water poisoning continues to this day.

About one hundred and twenty species of fish live in the waters of the Amur. Among them are white and black carp, sturgeon, beluga, perch, kaluga and many others. Among the representatives of the sturgeon family, there are individuals of enormous size, sometimes the weight of beluga reaches one ton, and Amur sturgeons are considered the largest. The river is a large object where industrial fishing is developed.

The Anadyr is a relatively small Chukotka river, its length is 1,150 kilometers, and its basin area is one hundred and ninety-one thousand square kilometers. The source of the Anadyr is located in the center of the Anadyr Plateau, there is a small lake from which the Siberian river originates. The channel passes through the territory of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, and the river flows into the Anadyr Bay in the Bering Sea. The banks of the Anadyr are high mountains covered with dense forests, so there are no settlements along almost the entire length of the river. Sometimes nomadic Chukchi tribes come to the cold waters of Anadyr.

Anadyr has six large tributaries: Yablon (right tributary), Eropol (right tributary), Chineyveem (left tributary), Belaya (left tributary), Main (right tributary) and Tanyurer (left tributary). The width and depth of the river does not allow large cargo ships to navigate it, so it is used only by small ships as a transport line. Only at the mouth of the Anadyr reaches six and a half, seven kilometers, in the middle reaches it is half as narrow, and the upper reaches of the river are represented. In the lower reaches and the mouth of the Anadyr, industrial fishing is developed; in the upper reaches and middle reaches, only amateurs and athletes catch fish. The lands belonging to the Anadyr basin are rich in coal deposits, so small barges travel along the river, transporting coal downstream to the Anadyr Bay, where ports and berths are built.

Anadyr receives the bulk of its water mass as a result of snow melting; to a lesser extent, the river is fed by rain and groundwater. The upper reaches of the Chukotka River freeze very early - in mid-September, the middle and lower reaches are covered with ice in October. Ice drift begins only at the beginning of summer. Thus, there has been no shipping in Anadyr for about eight months.

Based on materials great encyclopedia Russia