On April 28, journalists, bloggers and environmentalists will gather at the Gorky Central Park of Culture and Culture for the second “media cleanup.” It is expected that more than a thousand people will take part in the event, designed to draw attention to the problem of waste sorting this year. Participants in the cleanup will remove last year's leaves, collect branches and garbage, clean lawns, tidy up feeders for squirrels and birds, plant flowers, and also learn how to sort garbage for subsequent recycling.

When sanitary cleaning the city, the method of two-stage waste removal to regional landfills using waste transfer stations (WTS) is widely used. The first WTS in the city with a capacity of 72 thousand tons per year was put into operation in 1995 in the Northern Administrative District.

Today in the capital, three technologies are used at urban SPMs: pressing into replaceable containers; transshipment with compaction from small garbage trucks to heavy-duty ones; pressing into high-density briquettes.

Two-stage removal of solid waste using SPM allows you to: reduce the cost of transporting waste to landfills; reduce the number of garbage collection trucks by reducing the solid waste removal shoulder; reduce gross emissions of harmful substances from vehicles involved in waste removal; increase the lifespan of landfills by burying briquetted waste; reduce the load on highways in the city and region.

Thermal disposal of solid waste

The main task of waste incineration plants is the environmentally safe thermal disposal of solid waste. household waste with the generation of thermal and electrical energy.

Garbage arriving at factories is weighed and undergoes radiometric control. The control of technological processes of waste combustion and flue gas purification is fully automated. The computer system allows you to control not only the technological process of waste combustion and flue gas purification, but also control their composition “on line”.

Gas purification systems ensure compliance with not only Russian, but also European standards for the purification of flue gases during waste incineration. To neutralize pollutants generated during waste combustion, high-quality slaked lime, activated carbon, urea, etc. are used. Similar gas purification systems have been repeatedly tested and have proven themselves at European waste incineration plants as reliable and highly efficient.

For example, at Moscow waste incineration plant No. 4, before burning, all waste undergoes sorting and preparation, while recyclables and non-combustible materials are separated, including paper, cardboard, plastic, glass, ferrous and non-ferrous metal scrap, and large waste fractions are crushed.

Combustion is carried out in furnaces with a vortex fluidized bed of inert material - quartz sand.

This method allows you to: eliminate the use of mechanical devices in the waste incineration area; neutralize waste within a wide range of changes in its humidity and ash content; achieve high specific heat loads with a uniform temperature distribution in the fluidized bed; ensure a reduced content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases.

Thermal and electrical energy generated by burning municipal waste completely meets the plant's own needs, and excess electrical energy is supplied to city networks.

Moscow solid waste is transported to landfills located in the Moscow region, but more than 60% of the 31 waste disposal sites in the Moscow region have already exhausted their capacity.

All waste arriving at landfills is weighed, undergoes radiometric control and is registered.

When constructing new and reclaiming waste pits, imported Bentofix insulating material with a high filtration coefficient is used.

When burying waste, it is compacted and insulated layer-by-layer with soil. An increase in waste density is achieved by using imported compactor rollers weighing from 27 to 45 tons, which can significantly increase the service life of landfills.
After filling the pits to the design marks, they are reclaimed with the planting of grass and trees and shrubs.

To disinfect the wheels of vehicles leaving the landfill, a bath with a disinfectant solution is used. District sanitary authorities systematically carry out work on disinsection and deratization of landfills, as well as monitoring the condition of the soil on the border of the sanitary protection zone.

Since 2005, the largest waste sorting station in Russia has been operating in the Kotlyakovo industrial zone of the Southern Administrative District of Moscow, which consists of four technological lines, equipped mainly with domestic equipment.

After weighing and passing radiometric control, the waste is unloaded into reception department and along a belt conveyor enters a drum screen, where the fine fraction is sifted out and food waste. Paper, cardboard, plastic and glass are selected from the large fraction of waste in sorting booths. Through technological openings, secondary raw materials enter the storage compartments.

The waste remaining after sorting ("tails") is transported through a conveyor system into high-density bales and transported by heavy-duty road trains to a landfill for disposal.

Separate (selective) reception of secondary raw materials

The main goal of municipal waste management is to organize separate collection of production and consumption waste in order to extract useful components for reuse, therefore one of the most important issues in waste management remains the implementation of a system of selective collection of solid waste.

According to the capital's law "On production and consumption waste in Moscow" dated November 30, 2005, the authorities are obliged to establish separate waste collection in the city. Article 7, paragraph 5 of the law determines: “Waste producers - subjects of economic and other activities when carrying out waste management activities are required to ensure separate collection and temporary storage of secondary material resources (metal, glass, textiles, waste paper, containers, packaging, polymer materials, rubber , reagents, technical fluids and oils, Appliances and equipment, electrical and electronic equipment, electric batteries, mercury thermometers, agricultural products and other types of secondary material resources)".

At the same time, there is an administrative penalty for the lack of separate waste collection. According to Article 4.33. Code of the City of Moscow on Administrative Offenses of the City of Moscow, failure to comply with this requirement entails the imposition of an administrative fine on officials in the amount of 40 thousand rubles; for legal entities - 250 thousand rubles.

According to the head of the Department of Environmental Management and Protection environment Anton Kulbachevsky, according to the environmental protection program, in the next five years Muscovites must switch to separate waste collection. As of August 2011, in 36 districts of Moscow (among them Gagarinsky, Alekseevsky, Western and Eastern Degunino and others) about 3,000 containers for separate waste collection were installed next to ordinary metal ones. In 2010, only 17.5 thousand tons of waste were collected in these containers, and in total in 2010, Muscovites produced more than five million tons of household waste.

But for most Muscovites, the option of separate waste collection is not available. According to city authorities, the introduction of a separate waste collection system must begin with an experiment in order to gradually develop a habit among people.

The head of the department, Kulbachevsky, said that a letter had been sent to the Moskomarkhitektura with a proposal that special rooms with tanks for storage should be created on each floor in new buildings. There should be four to five garbage bins and garbage should be collected daily.

According to Kulbachevsky, the transition to separate waste collection is a long-term process, because it will be difficult to get rid of the Muscovites’ habit of putting everything in one bag, developed over the years. To many developed countries, including Germany, this took decades.

international experience

Switzerland

Every resident of Switzerland is obliged to sort waste, regardless of social status- this is the law. Violators receive a large fine. The law is enforced by the garbage police, who are able to find and bring to justice even a person who threw a cigarette butt out of a car window. Those who do not want to “get their hands dirty” must pay a tax to have a “specialist” deal with their waste. Another direct responsibility of every law-abiding Swiss is to bring sorted waste to collection points, from where it is sent to recycling plants.

The waste sorting system in Switzerland has been taken to the extreme. In the country, more than 90% of used glass containers end up in recycling plants.

On the streets of Geneva there are metal containers for broken and non-standard bottles, and the glass is sorted by color: white, green, brown, for this purpose the containers have appropriate inscriptions.

Almost a third of printed products are also returned to recycling collection points. Batteries containing reagents hazardous to living organisms are never thrown into the trash, just like old electrical appliances, household appliances, and construction waste.
For example, for used batteries, “birdhouses” - small boxes - are placed around large stores and schools.

PET bottles (plastic), fluorescent lamps, and cans are collected separately (residents are required to compress them using a home magnetic press).

In the USA, separate waste collection has also been developed - it must be thrown into strictly designated containers. There is a system of fines.

There are more than 550 waste recycling plants in the United States - local residents are only asked to hand over recyclable waste. It is also possible to hand over household waste for a fee to commercial structures that sort, package and sell waste to enterprises.

Some US states use a deposit system: when purchasing goods in containers (such as bottles) that can be recycled, the buyer pays a certain amount as a deposit. When he returns the bottle, he receives this money back.

IN last decades In the USA, a new method of dealing with waste has begun to be used - waste minimization: entrepreneurs produce more economical packaging, and consumers learn to reuse existing items. The program is called RRR - Reduce. Reuse. Recycle (Reduce consumption. Use again. Recycle).

Germany

Germany also has a separate waste collection system. Each type of solid waste has its own barrel. The barrels should be placed close to houses, but no further than 15 m from the roadway, to make the work of garbage collectors easier.

Only residual waste, old newspapers, magazines and cardboard boxes are carried into the gray barrel. Cans, bottles, polymer and paper, as well as partially metal packaging with a “green dot” are thrown into the yellow barrel. The green barrel is intended for organic waste that is processed into compost.

Excess glass containers that for some reason did not end up in the yellow packaging barrel must be placed in large containers, also located at several points in each district. Green, white and brown bottles are sorted on site.

Pharmacies accept expired medications. There are collection points for old batteries in any supermarket. The removal of refrigerators must be agreed upon in advance.

Garbage collected in the city, depending on the distance between the collection point and the landfill, is delivered either directly to the landfill, or to a sorting center, or to a waste transfer station. Here, using a waste receptacle for several tens of tons with a built-in hydraulic press, waste is reloaded into large (with a carrying capacity of 24-40 tons) truck containers. Thus, transport costs are reduced.

Collected at sorting centers packaging materials sorted manually. Different kinds household waste is recycled by the glass industry; paper recycling society; a society for the recycling of used packaging made of artificial materials, polymer films, cans, bottles, polystyrene foam; metallurgical industry; society for recycling aluminum packaging, etc.

Sweden

A separate waste collection system also operates in Sweden. A family living in a separate home pays half the cost of waste removal if they sign a pledge to sort plastic, tin, glass and paper, and compost organic waste. Hazardous waste is taken out in a special red container immediately before garbage collection.

In apartment buildings, waste collection occurs as follows: garbage containers Everything is thrown away except what is supposed to be carried in special containers for tin, plastic, etc. Hazardous waste is disposed of at special environmental stations, which can be located, for example, at a gas station. Green and red containers are placed at the station for batteries and light blue ones for photochemicals, paint residues, aerosol cans, used engine oil, solvents and fluorescent lamps. Old newspapers are collected once a week, bagged and put out the door. In a number of places there are special “gas collectors”. Aluminum cans are returned to supermarkets and a deposit is paid for them. Glass is thrown into special white and green containers, into which clear and green glass are thrown, respectively.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

• for the city of Yekaterinburg - a line with a capacity of 250 thousand tons/year, equipped with 10 scanning machines with a width of the scanning working area from 1,400 to 2,800 mm with the selection of 12 types of secondary raw materials and the production of secondary fuel;
• for the city of Chusovoy (Perm Territory) - a line with a capacity of 39 thousand tons/year, equipped with 8 machines with a scanning working area width from 1,000 to 2,800 mm with the selection of 8 types of secondary raw materials.

Laboratory complex for deep optical-mechanical sorting of waste streams and materials

In 2013, at the Department of Environmental Protection of the Perm National Research Polytechnic University, a laboratory complex for deep optical-mechanical sorting of waste streams and materials was organized. The complex includes equipment from Stadler and Titech. The layout diagram of the equipment is shown in Fig. 2.

The test batch of materials enters the feeding conveyor 1, then through the overloading conveyor 2 enters the ballistic separator 3, where it is subjected to fractional separation. Using a separator, you can divide the total flow into 3 parts: a flat fraction (for example, polymer film, sheets of paper, cardboard), a volumetric fraction (for example, PET bottles, canisters) and screenings (components with geometric dimensions less than 20 mm). Each stream can be removed from the technological chain using transverse conveyors or sent to an accelerating conveyor 4. Another important function of the ballistic separator is the loosening of waste and its uniform distribution over the surface of the conveyor, which is necessary for high-quality separation with compressed air. Waste is recognized and sorted by unit 5.

The components “shot” by the system, as well as the “tails” of sorting, are removed from the technological chain for further research using reversible conveyors 6 and 7 or returned to the cycle. Optical equipment, when sorting waste, is capable of performing percentage statistics of sorted components, ultimately presenting it in graphs and diagrams. When working with solid waste, the complex can be used for sorting polymers, removing paper mixtures, obtaining secondary fuel (RDF), sorting organics and cleaning wood. However, the highest priority areas for using the laboratory complex are studying the composition and resource potential of solid waste, identifying opportunities for obtaining secondary fuel (RDF) and developing optical sorting technology.

Research on the composition and resource potential of municipal solid waste

Studies of the morphological composition of solid waste are becoming increasingly relevant in connection with the development of technologies for using their resource potential. In this regard, there is a need to optimize such studies both from the point of view of minimizing time, labor and financial costs, and from the point of view of increasing the reliability and accuracy of the results. The use of automatic waste sorting lines to estimate the percentage of individual components in solid waste is a promising area of ​​research.

The traditional scheme for studying the morphological composition of solid waste includes the selection of representative samples (waste) and their analysis - visual identification of individual components, their manual separation and weighing. The results (mass of individual components) are recorded in primary protocols, on the basis of which the morphological composition of solid waste is subsequently calculated.

The heterogeneity of solid waste (both in the nature of their constituent materials and in their size, the variability of their composition by day of the week, by season of the year and depending on many other factors) necessitates the selection of significant volumes of waste as a representative sample. Manual sorting of such volumes of waste, which is a very painstaking work, is associated with significant time and labor costs. In this regard, the search becomes relevant possible ways optimization of such studies.

The use of automatic sorting lines under certain conditions can significantly speed up and simplify the study of the morphological composition of solid waste, especially in cases where it is necessary to study large volumes of waste.

A comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using manual labor and automatic equipment for waste sorting when determining the morphological composition of waste is given in Table. 2.

There are two main areas for using optical waste sorting lines:

• waste sorting by separating components and then weighing them;
• processing of statistical data on the distribution of materials over the flow area.

In the first case, the research algorithm described earlier generally remains unchanged, only in this case the waste is sorted into a given number of components not manually, but automatically, and all other procedures and the procedure for processing the results remain the same. The advantage here is the ability to sort a larger volume of waste compared to manual sorting and thus increase the accuracy of the results. The disadvantage is the limited number of components: each installation with an optical scanner allows you to isolate only one component from the flow, therefore, to determine a large number of components (as is required when studying the morphological composition), it is necessary either big number scanning installations, or organizing repeated passage of the waste stream through a scanning device with step-by-step selection of all components of interest.

In the second case, based on the statistical data generated by the optical scanner, an empirical coefficient is calculated depending on the content of a particular component in waste on its share in the total area of ​​the waste stream:

where i is the number of determined components required for a specific study;
C i is the content of the i-th component in the test sample;
S i is the proportion of the area occupied by the i-th component in the total area of ​​the flow of the sample under study.

The content of each component in the test sample (the morphological composition of the test sample waste) is determined in the traditional way by dividing the entire sample into components, determining the mass of each component (weighing) and subsequent statistical processing of the results. Number and weight of samples, as well as other indicators experimental research determined according to the described scheme.

After calculating the coefficient of dependence of the content of all components on their area, it becomes possible to determine the morphological composition of waste only on the basis of data from a waste scanning system without waste separation and subsequent weighing. Required condition All that remains is the selection and analysis of a representative waste sample.

Thus, time and labor costs are significantly reduced. However, it should be understood that information obtained in such an indirect way may have a larger error compared to the classical definition. To reduce this error, it is advisable to pre-grind the waste sample, thereby making it more homogeneous.

Development of sorting technology

The spread of automatic sorting using optical recognition in Russia is constrained by various reasons. Firstly, this is the difference between Russian sorted materials and their foreign analogues in chemical composition, which makes it impossible to recognize them by optical sensors. Secondly, technologies for sorting the incoming flow of mixed solid waste, typical for Russia, have not yet been developed (in Europe, separate waste collection predominates). That is why current areas of research for the implementation of optical-mechanical sorting technology are:

• determination of the spectral characteristics of specific materials with entry into the database, adding new materials characteristic of Russian waste;
• determining the dependence of spectral characteristics on the moisture content of the material;
• determination of technological parameters for sorting mixed solid waste and separately collected waste;
• optimization of equipment configuration.

The use of equipment for automatic sorting of materials with an optical recognition system allows you to significantly increase the speed of sorting materials compared to manual labor. In addition, the ability to identify more than a thousand materials (by color and chemical composition) opens up broad prospects for the industrial application of these technologies.

The use of the laboratory complex will allow us to test the optical sorting technology in Russian conditions, which will significantly facilitate the use of such systems in Russia. Studies of the morphological composition of household waste will make it possible to adapt equipment for sorting domestic materials, to establish a more accurate content of components in waste of different compositions, which in turn will ensure the selection of the optimal option for further processing of solid waste and maximum use of their resource potential.

The work to create the complex is supported by the Ministry of Education Perm region within the framework of an agreement on the provision and targeted use of subsidies for the implementation of scientific projects by international research groups of scientists on the basis of state educational institutions Perm region.

G. V. Ilinykh, Senior Lecturer,
D. L. Borisov, Senior Lecturer,
Yu. V. Kulikova, assistant professor,
V. N. Korotaev, Vice-Rector for Science and Innovation,
Perm National Research Polytechnic University
magazine "Domestic Solid Waste" No. 10, 2013

Literature
1. Slyusar N. N., Borisov D. L., Grigoriev V. N. Development of a comprehensive technological scheme for sorting solid household waste // Vestn. PNIPU. Urbanism. – 2011. – No. 3. – P. 75–82.
2. Huyskens J., Kluttig M. Automatic waste sorting // Innovations in the theory and practice of waste management: presentation materials. intl. scientific-practical Conf., Perm, November 5–6, 2009.
3. Ilyinykh G.V., Ustyantsev E.A., Vaisman Ya.I. Construction of a material balance for a line for manual sorting of solid household waste // Ecology and industry of Russia. – 2013. – No. 1. – P. 22–25.
4. Ilyinykh G.V., Korotaev V.N., Slyusar N.N. Modern methodological approaches to the analysis of the morphological composition of solid waste in order to use their resource potential // Ecology and Industry of Russia. – 2012. – No. 7. – P. 40–45.

News

Automatic sorting technology for municipal solid waste

The EKOROSSTROY company brings to your attention a modern and effective technology for automatic sorting of solid municipal waste

Automatic sorting is based on the use of a visual spectrometry system, which allows the extraction of various materials from a mixed or homogeneous waste stream, taking into account the physical and chemical characteristics material.

The automatic sorting unit is an optical scanner mounted above a high-speed conveyor belt that recognizes material (up to 10,000,000 readings per second). Infrared sensors receive and analyze the reflected spectra. Statistical determination is carried out by size, shape, structure and color of the material. Next, a signal is sent to the pneumatic installation, and the material programmed in the scanner is shot into the appropriate hopper.

The result of automatic sorting is the separation of raw material flows from mixed solid waste into fractions depending on the specified parameters.

The use of this technology guarantees high quality and complete selection of fractions suitable for processing, in contrast to traditional manual sorting. Also, during the process of pneumatic sorting, a certain stage of preparing waste for the further technological process of processing takes place.

The use of automatic sorting technology makes it possible to recover up to 98% of a certain type of secondary raw material.

Also, an automatic sorting system for municipal solid waste is a necessary component for the RDF alternative fuel production line, as it eliminates the ingress of harmful components, such as chlorine-containing materials, into the products.

The advantages of the presented machines over all kinds of analogues:

• High productivity and purity of selection
• Ability to switch and configure sorting modes depending on changes in current tasks
• Easy to use
• Possibility of integrating an automatic sorting unit into an existing production line
• Technology adapted for Russian waste
• The modem connection allows online monitoring of the system as well as software downloads.

Garbage in modern world often finds reuse. Ballpoint pens, toilet paper, aluminum cans, glass wool - this is far from full list products that can be obtained by processing recyclable materials. The idea of ​​doing business with waste came to us from the USA; back in the 17th century, the first plant dealing with waste appeared near Philadelphia. industrial processing paper waste.

In Russia this direction entrepreneurial activity is just beginning to develop. Despite the fact that, according to Eurostat, today we have an insignificant share of municipal waste processed into materials - only 7% of the total volume, the rest goes to landfill, last years There has been a positive trend in the field of recycling. Many large manufacturing companies are interested in reusing plastic, paper, glass and metal materials. This circumstance, as well as low competition in the field and the availability of sources of raw materials, promise good opportunities for its successful development. In this article we will talk about one way to turn waste into income.

Opening of a waste sorting workshop: project description

Generation of municipal solid waste (MSW) in significant quantities(about 40 million tons per year), the emergence of spontaneous unauthorized landfills, the absence of centralized state recycling systems - all this served as objective prerequisites for the authorities to create favorable conditions for the operation of private waste sorting and processing plants.

These projects are considered socially significant and are actively supported by regional and local authorities. In some regions, such enterprises are subject to tax benefits, there are systems of preferential loans, their founders receive.

If we consider the entire technological chain of recycling production, from the collection of solid waste to the distribution of finished materials, then waste sorting as a business seems to be one of the most interesting and profitable options. The reason is that not just one, but all existing groups of recyclable materials enter the conveyor at once, and the opportunities for earning money are not limited to a narrow direction.

The process itself is a selection of useful fractions (materials suitable for processing) from the total mass of solid waste. The output is formed the following types material resources:

• waste paper;
• glass;
• ferrous and non-ferrous metal;
• film;
• plastic bottles;
• other plastic.

All this can either be realized profitably (for example, 1 ton of PET bottles, sorted by color, costs an average of 3,000 rubles, 1 ton of waste paper - about 1,000 rubles), or put into your own, if you plan to do not only sorting.

The lion's share of the costs when organizing such a business falls on the purchase of equipment. Most of the operating expenses are spent on labor and transportation costs. Next, we will consider the stages of creating a waste sorting workshop and try to calculate how much money will be needed to start it up.

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Workshop location and premises requirements

The first thing to do is decide on the territory. It is advisable to locate such enterprises in close proximity to sources of raw materials, that is, to landfills. Another option is placement in an industrial zone or on the outskirts of the city.

When choosing a room for a workshop, it is important to take into account the fact that you will need a large storage facility for storing and temporarily storing solid waste. The Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”, as well as separate sanitary control documents, establishes a number of requirements for such places. So, if waste is stored in bulk in an open area, then its surface must be protected from the effects of precipitation. The surface of the site must have a chemically resistant coating, for example, asphalt or expanded clay concrete.

The recommended floor area for a waste sorting mini-plant is from 500 square meters. m with a division into a production zone and a warehouse zone. Convenient access roads are a must. The building must have proper electrical wiring, and the finishing of walls, floors and ceilings must comply with sanitary legislation. In order to properly prepare the premises for work, it is worth contacting Rospotrebnadzor for clarification.

Paperwork

The next stage is obtaining a business registration certificate from the tax service. It is preferable to register a legal entity immediately (more opportunities for further development).

A mandatory step is obtaining a license for waste treatment activities. Issuance permitting documents carried out by Rosprirodnadzor. To become a license holder you will need:

• prepare documentation for existing buildings, structures, equipment;
• conduct professional training for employees and obtain permission to work (in the form of certificates);
• obtain a positive sanitary and epidemiological conclusion on the compliance of the waste sorting plant building with the established sanitary standards from Rospotrebnadzor;
• pay a state fee in the amount of 7,500 rubles;
• fill out an application for a license and contact the licensing authority.

The permit is issued for a period of 5 years. Once you receive it, you can start the project.

Technical equipment

So, we have come to one of the most important stages - the acquisition of a waste sorting line. A standard line consists of a loading hopper, a conveyor belt, a drum separator, a control system, storage tanks for non-recyclable waste and sorting compartments. Some manufacturers offer a magnetic separator, bag breaker, lighting and heating of sorter posts as options.

Waste sorting equipment has a number of characteristics that are important to consider when choosing:

• belt speed;
• side height;
• power consumption;
• number of posts and distances between them;
• number of containers for recyclables, etc.

The cost of a finished line, depending on the configuration and productivity, can range from 1,800,000 (approximately 20,000 tons per year) to 3,000,000 rubles. (up to 100,000 tons per year).

In addition to the sorting plant, you will need storage and handling equipment (container truck or forklift). It is also advisable to purchase a hydraulic baling press for further processing of certain types of secondary raw materials (waste paper, PET, aluminum cans) and a press for unused (non-recyclable) waste fractions.

In total, it will take at least 2,500,000 rubles to launch a small sorting complex. excluding the purchase of garbage trucks.

Wage-earners

Despite the fact that some foreign manufacturers today offer automatic sorting equipment (using an optical scanner), as Russian practice has shown, only combined complexes that involve the use of manual labor can most effectively solve the problem of solid waste separation.

To ensure smooth operation of all sections, you will need from 6 to 10 sorters, 2-3 loaders, an operator, 2-3 garbage truck drivers and a container truck driver.

Profitability of a waste business

Calculation of start-up and operating costs, as well as a forecast of income, will help us find out what the possible net profit from maintaining a waste sorting station is.

Approximate estimate of the main costs of opening (all amounts are indicated in rubles):

• purchase of equipment – ​​from 2,500,000;
• transportation, installation and commissioning – about 50,000;
• arrangement of production buildings and storage warehouses - from 100,000;
• purchase of special equipment – ​​from 1,000,000;
• registration of a company and obtaining a license – from 15,000;
• organizational expenses – from 30,000.

In total, according to the most conservative estimates, about 3,700,000 rubles will be required. This does not take into account the costs of purchasing production buildings and transfer stations, since sometimes it is more expedient not to purchase them, but to rent them.

Average monthly expenses (in rubles):

• rental payments – from 80,000;
• equipment maintenance – from 10,000;
• transportation costs – from 100,000;
• wages – from 250,000;
• utility bills - about 25,000;
• taxes and contributions – from 100,000.

The total amount is 565,000 rubles.

That is, by sorting an average of 1,600 tons of solid waste per month, it is possible to sell approximately 560 tons of waste paper, 48 tons of plastic, 128 tons of glass and 64 tons of metal. Taking into account the average prices for recyclable materials (each region will have its own), the possible income will be about 800,000, and the net profit will be approximately 235,000 rubles. Under such conditions, the initial investment will pay off quite quickly - in just a couple of years.