Branch

In the Soviet and Russian armies, a squad is the smallest military formation with a full-time commander. The squad is commanded by a junior sergeant or sergeant. Usually there are 9-13 people in a motorized rifle squad. In departments of other branches of the military, the number of personnel in the department ranges from 3 to 15 people. In some branches of the military the branch is called differently. In artillery there is a crew, in tank forces there is a crew.

Platoon

Several squads make up a platoon. Usually there are from 2 to 4 squads in a platoon, but more are possible. The platoon is headed by a commander officer rank. In the Soviet and Russian armies this is ml. lieutenant, lieutenant or senior. lieutenant. On average, the number of platoon personnel ranges from 9 to 45 people. Usually in all branches of the military the name is the same - platoon. Usually a platoon is part of a company, but can exist independently.

Company

Several platoons make up a company. In addition, a company may also include several independent squads not included in any of the platoons. For example, in a motorized rifle company there are three motorized rifle platoon, machine gun squad, anti-tank squad. Typically a company consists of 2-4 platoons, sometimes more platoons. A company is the smallest formation of tactical importance, that is, a formation capable of independently performing small tactical tasks on the battlefield. Company commander captain. On average, the size of a company can be from 18 to 200 people. Motorized rifle companies usually have about 130-150 people, tank companies 30-35 people. Usually a company is part of a battalion, but it is not uncommon for companies to exist as independent formations. In artillery, a formation of this type is called a battery; in cavalry, a squadron.

Battalion

Consists of several companies (usually 2-4) and several platoons that are not part of any of the companies. The battalion is one of the main tactical formations. A battalion, like a company, platoon, or squad, is named after its branch of service (tank, motorized rifle, engineer, communications). But the battalion already includes formations of other types of weapons. For example, in a motorized rifle battalion, in addition to motorized rifle companies, there is a mortar battery, a logistics platoon, and a communications platoon. Battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel. The battalion already has its own headquarters. Usually, on average, a battalion, depending on the type of troops, can number from 250 to 950 people. However, there are battalions of about 100 people. In artillery, this type of formation is called a division.

Regiment

In the Soviet and Russian armies, this is the main tactical formation and a completely autonomous formation in the economic sense. The regiment is commanded by a colonel. Although regiments are named according to the branches of the military, in fact this is a formation consisting of units of many branches of the military, and the name is given according to the predominant branch of the military. The number of personnel in the regiment ranges from 900 to 2000 people.

Brigade

Just like a regiment, it is the main tactical formation. Actually, the brigade occupies an intermediate position between a regiment and a division. A brigade can also consist of two regiments, plus battalions and auxiliary companies. On average, the brigade has from 2 to 8 thousand people. The brigade commander, as well as the regiment, is a colonel.

Division

The main operational-tactical formation. Just like a regiment, it is named after the predominant branch of troops in it. However, the predominance of one or another type of troops is much less than in the regiment. On average, there are 12-24 thousand people in a division. Division commander, Major General.

Frame

Just as a brigade is an intermediate formation between a regiment and a division, so a corps is an intermediate formation between a division and an army. The corps is already a combined arms formation, that is, it is usually deprived of the characteristic of one type of military force. It is impossible to talk about the structure and strength of the corps, because as many corps exist or existed, so many of their structures existed. Corps commander, Lieutenant General.

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In 2009, during the reform Russian army The main ideologists of the reforms informed the military personnel, and indeed all citizens of the country, that the military doctrine had undergone major changes, and that the army needed significant internal restructuring. At the same time, the main threat to Russia was identified, to counter which it was supposedly not necessary to conduct large-scale military operations, but could be limited to solving local combat missions. They say that we should no longer expect major external aggression against Russia, but we should expect attacks by bearded men with grenade launchers and Kalash guns.

Due to the metamorphosis of military doctrine, it was decided to switch to the use of brigades, almost completely abandoning the concept of a division. The main argument in favor of switching to a brigade composition of the army was as follows: a brigade has a smaller staff and, therefore, may be better organized than a division. This was supposed to give the entire Russian army greater mobility and flexibility, which would meet new challenges from a security point of view.

However, after the divisions urgently began to be cut down and shrunk, it became clear that the brigade formation option had its own significant drawbacks. One of these disadvantages can be considered that it was not always possible to achieve full interaction between individual components of the same brigade. If we take into account that the brigade was conceived as a kind of middle line between the regiment and the division, which was supposed to absorb all the best from both sides: the power of the division and the mobility of the regiment, then the result of such an idea was clearly blurred. Numerous exercises in which updated military formations took part showed that the brigades did not absorb divisional power and, at the same time, were unable to accumulate regimental coherence and mobility. It turned out that the brigades were organizationally stuck between the regiment and the division, not realizing all the positive things that they actually wanted from them.

Another undoubted disadvantage of brigades is that, unlike the same divisions, if they were forced to take part in combat (combat training) operations, then in full force. A situation emerged in which a brigade, consisting of a couple of regiments, several separate battalions, including a logistics battalion (company), was removed from its location to carry out combat missions, leaving this very place virtually empty and completely unprotected. In the divisional version, for conducting active combat operations there was always a special group of military personnel, which was determined to solve military-practical problems of countering the attacking side. This group could be larger or smaller depending on the conditions and scale of hostilities. In any case, the rear remained covered. In the case of a brigade, to strengthen the rear, you need to use either another brigade (and this is nonsense), or somehow isolate separate units from it, which in itself is a contradiction in using the brigade as a single and mobile whole.

An additional headache was (is) added by the fact that a hypothetically probable military confrontation may not always fit into the framework of local counteraction, where it would be appropriate to use a brigade. After all, in the same Far East, one cannot exclude the possibility of a clash between the Russian army and the armies of its neighbors (with all due respect to China, Japan and other states in the region). If, God forbid, such a military clash occurs, then it is hardly worth harboring the illusion that it will be limited to a certain limited area (very small) territory... There have been a sufficient number of examples in the country of how even the most seemingly insignificant border conflict resulted in a large-scale military confrontation. And it is precisely in the event of large-scale confrontations that the brigades should hardly be considered effective.

Despite this, all segments of the Russian Armed Forces switched to the brigade system with the exception of the Strategic Missile Forces and the Airborne Forces. At the same time, none of the major military powers decided to make such a large-scale transition to the brigade principle of forming the Armed Forces. In particular, the armies of the USA, Germany, China and other countries use brigades only as additions to existing divisions, which form the basis of the army. Moreover, in the USA, brigades are generally parts of divisions in the vast majority of cases. It turns out that only Russia, among the countries with significant military power, relies exclusively on brigades and takes into account the option of military conflicts only at the level of local skirmishes. Potential adversaries do not discount the scenario of a full-scale war using solid formations.

Numerous military experts, who increasingly began to raise the issue of the inexpediency of an almost 100% transfer of the RF Armed Forces to the brigade version, seem to have been heard by the new leaders of the Ministry of Defense. Despite the fact that not so long ago President Putin announced that the reform was almost completed and that it was time to abandon “shying around” from side to side, information has appeared that in the near future several divisions that were lost could be recreated in Russia at once this status was about 3-4 years ago. In particular, information has appeared that in less than a couple of months, namely at the Victory Parade (May 9, 2013), soldiers of the Taman and Kantemirovskaya divisions will march along Red Square. Namely divisions, since this status will be returned by the famous military formation of the Moscow region, along with the red banners with which the divisions were once awarded for the military exploits of soldiers and officers.

In addition to restoring the Taman and Kantemirovskaya divisions, the Ministry of Defense plans to begin creating several divisions in the Far East at once, which indirectly confirms the concerns shared by military experts regarding the need to cover Russia’s distant borders. It is possible that the division may be revived again in Tajikistan - on the basis of the 201st military base of the Russian Federation. Indeed, in this region, after the withdrawal of the NATO contingent from Afghanistan, another large-scale armed conflict, which, no matter the hour, is capable of spreading throughout Central Asia.

But if the Ministry of Defense decided to again turn to the divisional option of recruiting the army, then what will happen to the created brigades? There is no clear answer to this question yet, but most likely, brigades will be left as the main combat units where their use is truly more effective than the use of divisions. Regions where brigades may remain in their current form include, for example, the North Caucasus. Using large divisions here to conduct counter-terrorist operations is simply pointless. This district needs mobile groups that could fight gangs with maximum efficiency.

It turns out that the leadership of the Ministry of Defense is revising the military doctrine, pointing out that local wars for Russia, of course, they are dangerous, but we need to insure ourselves in case of more significant external aggression. It is naive to hope that we have no major enemies, just as it is naive to believe that if big enemies and yes, they will not provoke Russia into an armed conflict. Reasonable restoration of divisions is a good insurance policy.

Many people ignorant of military affairs may wonder what kind of troops the Russian army has. The answer here is very simple - Russian units include elite troops, ground units, navy, and aviation. Each part performs its own function. For large units (navy, air force, ground forces), there are support departments such as air defense, artillery. Many parts are intertwined.

The shelves began to come to their modern form after the collapse Russian Empire. The final division of troops, according to Wikipedia and other open sources, was established in the early 2000s, when the last reform of the Main Military Directorate took place.

General structure of the Russian Army

The strength of the RF Armed Forces as of 2017 is 798 thousand military personnel. Most of them are employed in the ground forces. The structure of the RF Armed Forces in 2017, despite the reduction in the number of employees, has not changed and remains the same since the reform was carried out in the 2000s. What troops are there in the Russian army:

• ground troops;
• military air fleet;
• Navy.

Separately, it is necessary to consider elite units - the fourth point in general structure. This includes the space forces, whose members do not perform military functions, these are astronauts and employees who ensure the creation and dispatch of space rockets. Members of these units do not need to be armed, but they do receive military awards and badges.

The Russian military forces are commanded by the Main Directorate (GOU), which is subordinate to the Ministry of Defense Russian Federation. This body coordinates troop units in war and peacetime and determines their tasks.

The main tasks of the units according to latest list goals from the Ministry of Defense:

1. Ground units - providing anti-tank protection, foot offensive, border protection, reconnaissance operations, counter-terrorism, for example, in Syria.
2. Aviation – ensuring air security, hitting targets at long distances, transporting military units and military cargo.
3. Elite units - technical support for the army, space exploration (for space forces), missile support.
4. Navy - protection of maritime borders, military maritime transport, transportation of military and important cargo, supply of weapons, resolution of military conflicts, naval security.

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Ground and naval forces are also responsible for providing anti-terrorism protection. Naval personnel accompany ships in dangerous areas, while land personnel search and eliminate terrorist groups along with the police.

The composition of the Russian army changes every year. In 2016, there were about one million military personnel, and by 2017 the number of employees decreased by 100 thousand. It must be taken into account that some of them are conscripts undergoing military service.

The number of conscripts annually decreases by several tens of thousands of people, which can explain the reduction in the number of employees. They ensure an increase in the entire structure of troops in the Russian army according to the list above: conscripts replenish the composition of the ground, sea and air forces, they can be in artillery, infantry or motorized rifle units.

Each unit is controlled by its own command staff of the RF Armed Forces (officers). For the navy these are admirals, for ground units they are generals. The entire volume of troops of the Russian army is subordinated first of all to the President of the Russian Federation, then to the Ministry of Defense.

Schemes of the military structure of Russia

You can represent the structure of the RF Armed Forces 2017 with a diagram to make it more visual and understandable.

The most extensive body of the army is the ground forces.

For an even more clear explanation of the structure of the aircraft, you can download a short video at this topic. All units are divided into lower units - battalions, companies, platoons, brigades.

Due to the large ramifications of the Russian military network, the country annually spends a large sum on providing troops. Data on military spending is presented in the presentation of the overall budget schedule for 2017 in the expenditure column. 1021 billion rubles are spent on military needs (defense). A portion of security funds is spent on supporting intelligence groups.

The military structure is the most specific among other bodies. Military personnel even have their own court, which is separate from the Supreme Court of Russia.

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Ground units

The structure of this division includes several auxiliary departments:

• motorized rifle units;
• artillery;
• tank forces;
• air defense installations.

The main tasks are performed by motorized rifle units. They are responsible for the tasks of a forced, quick attack, reconnaissance and destruction of enemy infantry. the main objective– capture enemy territories. Tank troops are allocated to support motorized rifle units. They strengthen offensive positions and help protect captured territories.

Tank forces are mostly used for strategic purposes to abruptly break through blockades and echelons. They attack from the flanks or attack head-on. The main advantage of these units is high damage, an armored hull, and the ability to destroy not only enemy military personnel, but also equipment and important enemy defense systems. Disadvantage: lack of maneuverability.

Artillery installations are used to destroy enemy points from a long distance. Artillery is difficult to destroy, so a small amount of equipment and personnel is enough to ensure defense. The destruction of artillery points is complicated by the fact that they are installed in hidden high locations.

Air defenses are used to provide airspace protection while other units are attacking. They prevent mortar strikes from the air, the landing of nuclear missiles, and the release of precision projectiles. Air defenses are capable of shooting down not only bombers, but also enemy cargo or military passenger aircraft.

Navy

There are several divisions in the naval units. The first is the coastal troops, which are guarded by Russian-Japanese, Russian-Ukrainian and others maritime boundaries, defend Russian national interests in the maritime sector. The composition of military personnel in this unit is significant and almost not inferior to the “dry” unit.

Another service option is the Marine Corps. These soldiers provide security for ships and act as defenders in maritime conflicts. And finally, the sailors themselves who serve on warships.

People who want to serve in the navy are subject to high requirements - tall height, improved health characteristics, developed muscles. The candidate must show that he is mentally stable; It is best if he began preparing for service as a child. Such a policy is associated with a high risk of injury in the maritime fleet and the presence of overload. Due to the increased danger of service, the military of these units retire from 30 years of age.

References to military terms are often found in news reports, movies, or literary works. But not everyone knows how many people are in a company, platoon, battalion, division and other units of various branches of the military. Let's consider the general principles by which military formations are formed, taking into account the number of military personnel, command and assigned tasks, and the meaning of other frequently used military terms.

In the proposed description of how many people a company, platoon, battalion or regiment includes, one should start with the smallest unit in the army hierarchy, not so often encountered in everyday life - the squad.

Organization of the department

For the Russian army, a department is the smallest formation, in contrast to the system of organizing the armies of other countries. The number of squad soldiers varies between five and ten. Managed by a “chest of drawers” ​​(a slang soldier nickname, consonant with the name of the position) - a sergeant or junior sergeant.

Some military units use the following names instead of branches:

• crew - in tank formations or aviation, with the number of personnel from two or more;
• crew - gun crew, etc. (for artillery).

Platoons are formed from squads. In the navy, the ship's crew consists of sections of representatives of various specialties. In this situation, the term “department” can be replaced by a “group” (acousticists, deck sailors, etc.).

Platoon

Tactical units of the Russian troops

The number of servicemen in a platoon (three to six sections) is from fifteen to sixty. Command of the platoon rests with an officer of the rank of lieutenant to captain.

Sections in a platoon may differ in size, armament, and focus. The repair platoon is formed by departments responsible for carrying out repairs of weapons, wheeled, tracked vehicles, etc. The material supply platoon contains departments for economic and technical maintenance, and automotive.

Each of the platoon components can be responsible for separately assigned tasks, but the opposite situation also occurs - with the unification of formations of similar functionality and equal numerical strength.

Company

By combining from three to six platoon formations, they get a company with the number of people in it - from forty-five to three hundred and sixty. The rank of the command position is major. But it is possible for a military man of a lower rank to be appointed to this post. Sometimes this rank is colloquially called company rank.

A company temporarily formed for specific purposes dictated by military necessity is called consolidated.

Instead of a company, in some troops formations of similar scale are designated under the name:

• artillery battery;
• cavalry squadron;
• aviation unit.

A border outpost (analogous to a company) is formed directly from squads, bypassing platoon groups.

Features of the battalion organization

Having considered how many people are in the company, let's turn to the battalion. The total number is from one hundred forty-five to five hundred. Includes three or four companies. Additionally, representatives of individual specialties are provided - liaison officers, gunsmiths, sniper groups, etc. Management is carried out by the headquarters. Sometimes supplemented by an anti-tank platoon or other specialized groups. The position of commander (battalion commander) belongs to an officer with the rank of lieutenant colonel, but in fact this position is filled with less significant ranks who apply for subsequent promotion.

Structure of a motorized rifle battalion

Tank battalion structure

Regiment

The main group capable of performing individual serious tasks is the regiment. Formed by several battalions (three to six). Knowing how many people are in a company and battalion, we can calculate that the total number of military personnel in a regiment ranges from five hundred to two and a half thousand. The military rank of the regiment commander must be the rank of colonel or lieutenant colonel. Additionally, it is equipped with an air defense unit, a headquarters department, artillery, and an anti-tank unit.

Brigade organization

The brigade provides for the formation of two or three regiments (in some cases, several less significant groups) with a strength of one to four thousand military personnel. The rank of commander is similar to that of a regiment; in everyday use it is brigade commander.

Division

This association consists of several separate units - regiments, including various types of troops - artillery, tanks and aviation, with a logistics support service. The rank of commander (divisional commander) is colonel or major general. The total number of people in the division (taking into account the number of regiments, battalions and companies) is from four and a half to twenty thousand.

An example of the organization of a mechanized division

Frame

A corps is a unit consisting of about a hundred thousand military personnel, including several divisions. The corps is commanded by a rank from the highest officers- Major General.

Army

Includes a number of divisions from two to ten with a diverse focus with rear groups, equipment repair units and other necessary infrastructure. The boundaries of the total number range from two hundred thousand to a million people. The commander is not lower than the rank of major general or lieutenant general.

Front group

The largest formation, including several armies of various military orientations, in the following proportions:

• motorized rifles - five or six;
• missile, air and armored vehicles - one or two of each;
• one - air defense systems;
• special groups;
• formation of logistics support;
• operational reserve.

An example of a front-line group during WWII

The numerical and technical composition of the front-line group (in peacetime - districts) varies, depending on the upcoming goals and the characteristics of the assigned territory. It is possible to strengthen the front through general-purpose reserve forces or by adding other units.

Subdivision

The wording “unit” applies to all military formations that make up a separate part - squads, platoons, etc. (from the word “divide” - one of the components of a single whole).

Parts

Units are called regimental or brigade groups - the main structural components of the army. By analogy with civil terms - organizations with their own bank account. They are assigned an individual number and postal address. The leader is authorized to sign his own orders with an open and closed combined arms stamp, in addition to the signature, approving these documents with the wet seal of the formation.

Note! It is necessary to separate the concepts of military and military units. In the first case it indicates a general designation, in the second a specific formation accompanied by a number.

Connections

This concept means a divisional or brigade grouping of troops. The divisional headquarters office is given the status of a separate unit that controls subordinate regiments. A brigade is called a formation when it consists of several separate battalion formations or companies that have the status of a unit.

Associations

This designation indicates a larger-scale and status grouping in the form of a corps, several armies, right up to the fronts. Subordinate units are controlled by their own headquarters.

By what general principles is the numerical composition of units formed?

Military units are formed based on assigned tasks. General principles imply the appointment of a general command for small groups with unification into larger ones and the recruitment of units of various directions to ensure complete autonomy.

Motorized rifle units within a division are additionally equipped with units of accompanying military branches and auxiliary groups in order to avoid a one-sided focus of capabilities. This also applies to units of other military branches.

Therefore, the total number of people in a company, battalion or regiment may vary, depending on the configuration.

A few other tactical concepts

Having considered how many people are in a company, battalion, division and larger formations, a little about other tactical terms:

• battery - a concept from artillery, an analogue of a combined arms company;
• squadron - an aviation unit forming a regiment;
• squadron - a similar designation for a group of military water vessels;
• division - the name of a battalion in artillery or air defense units.

Knowing how many people are in a company of soldiers, and general rules the creation of units, it is easy to calculate the numerical composition of larger units, including divisional and army groups.

The structure of an individual part, an association or a connection, can be depicted in a graphical representation. The diagram will tell more clearly about the relationships and staffing of army groups. To find out how many people are in a company, platoon or battalion, it is enough to study the graphical diagram of the regiment that includes these units.

The basis of any country's defense is its people. The course and outcome of most wars and armed conflicts depended on their patriotism, dedication and dedication.

Of course, in terms of preventing aggression, Russia will give preference to political, diplomatic, economic and other non-military means. However, Russia's national interests require sufficient resources for its defense. military power. The history of Russia constantly reminds us of this - the history of its wars and armed conflicts. At all times, Russia has fought for its independence, defended its national interests with arms in hand, and defended the peoples of other countries.

And today Russia cannot do without the Armed Forces. They are needed to defend national interests in the international arena, to contain and neutralize military threats and dangers, which, based on the development trends of the modern military-political situation, are more than real.

The composition and organizational structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, the system of recruitment and management of them, military duty will be discussed in this section.

Composition and organizational structure of the Russian armed forces

Armed Forces of the Russian Federation formed by the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of May 7, 1992. They represent a state military organization that makes up the country's defense.

According to the Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense”, the Armed Forces are intended to repel aggression and defeat the aggressor, as well as to carry out tasks in accordance with international obligations Russian Federation.

The Armed Forces can also be involved in solving problems that are not related to their main purpose, but affect the national interests of Russia. Such tasks could be:

• participation together with internal troops and law enforcement agencies in the fight against organized crime, in protecting the rights and freedoms of Russian citizens;
• ensuring collective security of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States;
• carrying out peacekeeping missions both in the near and far abroad, etc.

These and other complex tasks are carried out by Russian troops in a certain composition and organizational structure (Fig. 2).

The Armed Forces of the Russian Federation consist of central military command bodies, associations, formations, units, divisions and organizations that are included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces, in the rear of the Armed Forces and in troops not included in the branches and branches of the armed forces.

TO central authorities include the Ministry of Defense, General base, as well as a number of departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central command bodies include the Main Commands of the Armed Forces.

Type of Armed Forces- this is their component, distinguished by special weapons and designed to perform assigned tasks, as a rule, in any environment (on land, in water, in the air). This Ground troops. Air Force, Navy.

Each branch of the Armed Forces consists of combat arms (forces), special troops and logistics.

Branch of the military

Under branch of the army means a part of the branch of the Armed Forces, distinguished by basic weapons, technical equipment, organizational structure, the nature of training and the ability to perform specific combat missions. In addition, there are independent kind troops. In the Russian Armed Forces it is Rocket Forces strategic purpose, Space Forces and Airborne Forces.

Rice. 1. Structure of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation

Associations- these are military formations that include several smaller formations or associations, as well as units and institutions. Associations include the army, flotilla, as well as the military district - a territorial combined arms association and the fleet - a naval association.

Military district is a territorial combined arms association of military units, formations, educational institutions, military institutions various types and branches of the Armed Forces. The military district covers the territory of several constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Fleet is the highest operational formation. District and fleet commanders direct their troops (forces) through the headquarters subordinate to them.

Connections are military formations consisting of several units or formations of a smaller composition, usually various branches of troops (forces), special troops (services), as well as support and service units (units). Formations include corps, divisions, brigades and other military formations equivalent to them. The word “connection” means to connect parts. The division headquarters has the status of a unit. Other units (regiments) are subordinate to this unit (headquarters). All together this is the division. However, in some cases, a brigade may also have the status of a connection. This happens if the brigade includes separate battalions and companies, each of which has the status of a unit in itself. In this case, the brigade headquarters, like the division headquarters, has the status of a unit, and battalions and companies, as independent units, are subordinate to the brigade headquarters.

Part is an organizationally independent combat and administrative-economic unit in all branches of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. The term “unit” most often means regiment and brigade. In addition to the regiment and brigade, the units include division headquarters, corps headquarters, army headquarters, district headquarters, as well as other military organizations (voentorg, army hospital, garrison clinic, district food warehouse, district song and dance ensemble, garrison officers' house, garrison household goods services, central school of junior specialists, military institute, military school, etc.). Units can be ships of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd ranks, individual battalions (divisions, squadrons), as well as individual companies that are not part of battalions and regiments. Regiments, individual battalions, divisions and squadrons are awarded the Battle Banner, and ships of the Navy are awarded the Naval Flag.

Subdivision- all military formations that are part of the unit. Squad, platoon, company, battalion - they are all united by one word “unit”. The word comes from the concept of “division”, “divide” - a part is divided into subdivisions.

TO organizations These include such structures supporting the life of the Armed Forces as military medical institutions, officers' houses, military museums, editorial offices of military publications, sanatoriums, rest homes, tourist centers, etc.

Rear of the Armed Forces designed to provide the Armed Forces with all types of materiel and maintain their reserves, prepare and operate communication routes, provide military transportation, repair weapons and military equipment, provide medical care wounded and sick, carrying out sanitary, hygienic and veterinary measures and performing a number of other logistics tasks. The rear of the Armed Forces includes arsenals, bases, and warehouses with supplies of materiel. It has special troops (automobile, railway, road, pipeline, engineering and airfield and others), as well as repair, medical, rear security and other units and units.

Quartering and arrangement of troops— activities of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation in the creation and engineering support of military infrastructure facilities, the cantonment of troops, the creation of conditions for the strategic deployment of the Armed Forces and the conduct of combat operations.

Troops that are not included in the branches and branches of the Armed Forces include the Border Troops, the Internal Troops of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, and the Civil Defense Troops.

Border troops designed to protect the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation, as well as to solve problems of protecting the biological resources of the territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and exercising state control in this area. Organizationally, the Border Troops are part of the Russian FSB.

Their tasks also follow from the purpose of the Border Troops. This is the protection of the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation; protection of marine biological resources; protection of state borders of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States on the basis of bilateral treaties (agreements); organizing the passage of persons, vehicles, cargo, goods and animals across the state border of the Russian Federation; intelligence, counterintelligence and operational-search activities in the interests of protecting the state border, territorial sea, continental shelf and exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation and protecting marine biological resources, as well as the state borders of member states of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

Internal troops Ministry of Internal Affairs Russia are intended to ensure the security of the individual, society and the state, to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens from criminal and other unlawful attacks.

The main tasks of the Internal Troops are: preventing and suppressing armed conflicts and actions directed against the integrity of the state; disarmament of illegal groups; compliance with the regime state of emergency; strengthening public order policing where necessary; ensuring the normal functioning of all government structures and legally elected authorities; protection of important government facilities, special cargo, etc.

One of most important tasks internal troops is to, together with the Armed Forces, according to a single concept and plan, participate in the country’s territorial defense system.

Civil Defense Troops- these are military formations that own special equipment, weapons and property, designed to protect the population, material and cultural assets on the territory of the Russian Federation from dangers arising during the conduct of military operations or as a result of these actions. Organizationally, the Civil Defense Troops are part of the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations.

In peacetime, the main tasks of the Civil Defense troops are: participation in events aimed at preventing emergency situations(emergency); training the population in ways to protect themselves from dangers arising during emergencies and as a result of military operations; carrying out work to localize and eliminate threats from emergencies that have already arisen; evacuation of the population, material and cultural assets from dangerous areas to safe areas; delivery and ensuring the safety of goods transported to the emergency zone as humanitarian aid, including in foreign countries; providing medical assistance to the affected population, providing them with food, water and basic necessities; fighting fires arising as a result of emergencies.

IN war time Civil Defense troops solve problems related to the implementation of measures for the protection and survival of the civilian population: construction of shelters; carrying out activities on light and other types of camouflage; ensuring the entry of civil defense forces into hot spots, areas of contamination and contamination, and catastrophic flooding; fighting fires arising during military operations or as a result of these actions; detection and designation of areas subjected to radiation, chemical, biological and other contamination; maintaining order in areas affected by military operations or as a result of these actions; participation in the urgent restoration of the functioning of necessary communal facilities and other elements of the population support system, rear infrastructure - airfields, roads, crossings, etc.

Armed Forces Leadership and Control System

The general management of the Armed Forces (and other military formations and bodies) of the Russian Federation is carried out by Supreme Commander-in-Chief. According to the Constitution and the Law “On Defense” it is President of Russia.

Exercising your powers. The President determines the main directions military policy of the Russian Federation, among which the most important place is occupied by the problems of creating, strengthening and improving the military organization, technical equipment of the Armed Forces, determining the prospects for the development of military equipment, and the mobilization capabilities of the state. It approves the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, concepts and plans for the construction and development of the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations, plan for the use of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, mobilization plan of the Armed Forces, which determines the operating procedure of the bodies state power Russia, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, local government and the country's economy in wartime. In conditions of peace, the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the territory of the Russian Federation is being prepared and approved by the President; it is planned to create reserves of material assets of state and mobilization reserves. In addition, the President approves the Regulations on Territorial Defense and the Civil Defense Plan.

The President of the Russian Federation approves federal state programs for armament and development of the defense industrial complex. The President of the country also approves plans for the placement on the territory of the Russian Federation of facilities with nuclear charges, as well as facilities for the elimination of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear waste. He also approves all nuclear and other special testing programs.

Carrying out direct control of the Armed Forces, he approves the structure and composition of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations up to and including unification, as well as the staffing level of military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The most important documents, such as general military regulations, regulations on the Battle Banner of a military unit, the Naval flag, the procedure for military service, military councils, military commissariats, are approved by the President of the Russian Federation and represent the laws of army and naval life.

Twice a year, the President issues decrees on, as well as on the dismissal from military service of military personnel serving under conscription.

As the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, the President of the country, in accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation on martial law, enacts and terminates wartime regulatory legal acts, forms and abolishes executive authorities for the period of wartime in accordance with the federal constitutional law on martial law. In the event of aggression against Russia or an immediate threat of aggression, the President of the Russian Federation issues a Decree on the introduction of martial law. It can be introduced throughout the entire country or in individual areas that have been attacked, threatened with attack, or that are of particular importance for the defense of the country. By introducing martial law, the President vests special powers in government bodies, local governments and organizations. When martial law is introduced, special military command bodies may be created, whose power extends to civilians. All bodies and officials are instructed to assist the military command in the use of forces and means of a given territory for defense, ensuring security and order. Some constitutional rights of citizens may be limited (for example, freedom of assembly, demonstration, freedom of the press).

When martial law is introduced, the President of the Russian Federation immediately informs the Federation Council and the State Duma about this. The Presidential decree on the introduction of martial law must be approved by the Federation Council.

The President of the Russian Federation, in accordance with federal laws, has the right to make a decision on involving the Armed Forces, other troops and military formations in carrying out tasks using weapons not intended for their intended purpose.

The President of Russia forms and heads the Security Council of the Russian Federation. Its main functions are to develop proposals to ensure the protection of the constitutional system, state sovereignty, territorial integrity countries, participation together with other bodies in the development of military policy of the Russian Federation.

Thus, fulfilling his constitutional duties and tasks assigned to him by the Federal Law "On Defense", the President of the Russian Federation - Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces ensures the country's preparation to repel possible aggression, manages all aspects of the process of maintaining the Russian army and navy in a combat-ready state appropriate country level.

Powers of the Federation Council and State Duma in the field of defense

In the Russian Federation, in accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the representative and legislative body is the Federal Assembly, which consists of two chambers - the Federation Council and the State Duma. The Constitution and the Law “On Defense” clearly define the powers of the Federal Assembly in the field of defense.

Council of the Federation is the upper house of the Federal Assembly and acts as a body of representation of the constituent entities of the Federation. His jurisdiction includes the approval of decrees of the President of the Russian Federation on the introduction of martial law and a state of emergency, as well as on the involvement of the Armed Forces, other troops, military formations and bodies using weapons in carrying out tasks not for their intended purpose, resolving the issue of the possibility of using the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation outside territory of the Russian Federation. The Federation Council considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget adopted by the State Duma, as well as federal laws in the field of defense adopted by the State Duma.

The State Duma is a representative body of the entire population of the Russian Federation and consists of deputies elected by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot.

The State Duma considers defense expenditures established by federal laws on the federal budget; adopts federal laws in the field of defense, thereby regulating various aspects of activities related to the organization of defense and military development.

In addition to these powers, the Federation Council and the State Duma exercise parliamentary control in this area through their committees on security and defense.

Government of the Russian Federation- one of the main bodies for exercising state power in the Russian Federation. It heads the system of federal executive authorities.

In accordance with Article 114 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Government of the Russian Federation takes measures to ensure the country's defense and security. The content of government activities in this area is formulated in more detail in the Law of the Russian Federation “On Defense”. According to this law, the government: develops and submits to the State Duma proposals for defense spending in the federal budget; organizes supplies for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation material means, energy and other resources and services on their orders; organizes the development and implementation of state weapons programs and the development of the defense industrial complex;

determines the conditions for the financial and economic activities of organizations of the Armed Forces; organizes the development of the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes and takes measures to implement this program; determines the organization, tasks and carries out general planning of civil and territorial defense; organizes control over the export of weapons and military equipment, strategic materials, technologies and dual-use products, etc.

Direct leadership of the Russian Armed Forces is exercised by the Minister of Defense through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Minister of Defense is the direct superior of all personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and bears personal responsibility for the implementation of the tasks assigned to the ministry. On the most important issues of the life and activities of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, he issues orders and directives, and also enacts regulations, instructions, and other legal acts regulating various issues of life, everyday life and activities of the troops. The Minister of Defense manages the Armed Forces through the Ministry of Defense and the General Staff of the Russian Federation.

Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation participates in the preparation of proposals on issues of military policy and the military doctrine of the Russian Federation, develops a concept for the construction of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. It is preparing the Federal State Program for Armament and the Development of Military Equipment, as well as proposals for the state defense order and defense spending in the draft federal budget. Important have coordination and financing of work carried out for defense purposes; organization scientific research, ordering and financing the production and purchase of weapons and military equipment, food, clothing and other property, material and other resources for the Armed Forces. The Ministry cooperates with military departments foreign countries, and also exercises a number of other powers.

The main body for the operational control of troops and fleet forces of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation is General base. He develops proposals for the military doctrine of Russia, a plan for the construction of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and coordinates the development of proposals for the size of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, other troops, military formations and bodies.

The General Staff is also preparing a plan for the use and mobilization of the Armed Forces and the Federal State Program for the operational equipment of the country's territory for defense purposes. It establishes quantitative recruitment standards for military service, military training, carries out analysis and coordination of activities in the country for military registration, preparation of citizens for military service and their conscription for military service and military training. For the purposes of defense and security, the General Staff organizes intelligence activities, measures to maintain the combat and mobilization readiness of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, etc.

The structure of the central apparatus of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation includes a number of main and central departments in charge of certain functions and subordinate to certain deputy ministers of defense or directly to the minister of defense. In addition, the central bodies of the Ministry of Defense (MoD) of the Russian Federation include the Main Commands of the branches of the Armed Forces (AF) of the Russian Federation. Structurally, the Main Command of a branch of the RF Armed Forces consists of the Main Staff, directorates, departments and services. At the head of the branch of the Armed Forces is the Commander-in-Chief. He is appointed by the President of the Russian Federation and reports directly to the Minister of Defense.

The military district directorate includes: military district headquarters, directorates, departments, services and other structural units. The military district is headed by the commander of the military district troops.

The management structure of a separate military unit and the main responsibilities of its officials are determined by the Charter of the Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.