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War in the forest: survival and battle tactics. Combat tactics Combat tactics in the forest

A. PREFACE
1. Terrain conditions in the East and Russian tactics often force them to fight in large, dense and swampy forests.
2. Knowledge of the peculiarities of forest combat, training and appropriate preparation in this direction are absolutely necessary in order for the command and units to overcome any fear of forests. Training in forest warfare fosters a sense of independence and the will to take decisive action. At the same time, it instills combat skills in conditions of fog and darkness.
3. The generalization contains the experience that our units acquired in the battles in the East. The material is compiled on the basis of various reports and reports on military operations in forests.

B. RUSSIAN ACTIONS

Soviet soldiers in a forest battle near Moscow. Two are armed with Mosin rifles, the third has a bag with discs for a DP machine gun. Nearby is a destroyed German Pz.Kpfw tank. III

4. When fighting in wooded and swampy areas, Russians show maximum resistance. In forest battles, Russians take advantage of their ability to navigate well, skillfully camouflage themselves, use cunning combat techniques, as well as their sometimes numerical superiority.
5. Characteristic features their tactics are: skillful use of the terrain, powerful field fortifications in the forest and bushes, good observation from the trees, letting the enemy into the closest distances, the use of tree shooters (“cuckoos”) and a conscious desire for hand-to-hand combat,
battle.
6. Russians readily use forests as access routes and defensive positions. Our offensive is especially difficult and associated with large losses when the Russians use a large number of tanks to strengthen the defense, despite the density of the forest. The Russians tend to heavily fortify themselves on the edges of the forest, and especially concentrate heavy weapons and anti-tank guns along the roads (on the edge) leading into the forest.
7. Russians do not give up, even if the forest is surrounded and under fire from all sides. Here they must be attacked and destroyed.
8. Communications passing through forested areas, even far behind the front line, are especially at risk. When the main forces retreat, the Russians, as a rule, leave individual commanders and groups of fighters in the forests to organize partisan detachments, which, like groups dropped from airplanes, have the task of harassing the enemy, interfering with the transfer of units and interrupting rear communications.
9. Clearing forests that are held by enemy groups or partisans that have fought back requires an enormous amount of effort and time. Combing along highways and roads is associated with large losses and has little effect, since the Russians successfully operate along roads, quickly evade to the sides and cannot be destroyed.

B Red Army soldiers in position with a DP-27 machine gun in a forest near Moscow. October 1941.

B. FEATURES OF TACTICS
10. The forest facilitates approaching the enemy for attack, pulling up reserves, covert transfer of forces in the direction of the main attack, as well as destroying tanks from close ranges. In the forest, even with the enemy’s superiority in heavy weapons, artillery and tanks, you can impose your will on him, destroy him with a sudden blow or successfully repel him.
11. The slowness of progress and poor visibility of the terrain require the provision of heavy weapons and artillery to units.
12. In conditions of difficult to see terrain and unclear situations, courage, perseverance, perseverance and determination are required to an even greater extent. Flexibility on the part of commanders and cunning tactics can determine the success of a battle.
13. A concentrated strike to destroy the enemy in a forest battle is carried out by infantry, since a dense forest almost eliminates systematic fire preparation in the offensive, as well as barrage fire in defense. Because of this, the number of operational machine guns and rifles is critical. In forest combat, where the collision with the enemy occurs mostly unexpectedly, success is won in close combat.
14. The moment of surprise is even more important here than in open areas. A necessary condition for this is, first of all, systematic preparation and noiseless actions. The Finns have created “whisper” battalions for this purpose.
15. During a fight, you must strive to keep your strength in your fist. Due to the need to send strong reconnaissance patrols and allocate forces for flank and rear security, there is a danger of dispersion and fragmentation of forces. In a situation where there is a danger of being surrounded or cut off, you can act much faster and more confidently if all your strength is in your fist. Such moments during forest combat, especially during the actions of small units, will often occur. However, this phenomenon should not cause panic and making too hasty decisions. A strong will and skillful use of all available forces make it possible, as a rule, even in difficult situations, to successfully conduct an offensive, restrain, encircle or destroy the enemy.
16. Movement and combat in the forest require deep combat formations that provide: rapid concentration of forces, flexible battle control, rapid transmission of orders and readiness to open fire on the most dangerous flanks.
17. Advancement of a unit from line to line, stopping and putting the unit in order upon reaching the line ensures against sudden enemy actions and unified, clear control of the battle.
18. When conducting battles in large forests, especially when enveloping and encircling the enemy, actions often break up into a series of private battles. Individual attacking groups, despite the difficulties of transmitting orders and reports, as well as the difficulties of establishing communication between them, must constantly act in close contact, in concert, according to a single plan.
19. In order to ensure the interaction of all units, the commander is obliged to develop an accurate battle plan, assign a clear and specific task to each unit, clarifying it during the battle.
20. A unit that, due to the situation and terrain conditions, is forced to deviate from the established plan must receive permission to do so in advance. permission from your senior superior. This enables the latter to promptly ensure interaction in changed conditions with other units operating in the forest, and primarily with heavy weapons, artillery and aviation, and prevent the danger of losses from its own fire.
21. The results of aerial reconnaissance in forests are often insufficient, and the use of motorized and tank reconnaissance forces is limited, which makes the use of a large number of strong foot reconnaissance patrols of great importance.
22,. Aerial photographs, clearly showing forest edges, clearings, roads and clearings, are of great importance for organizing and conducting combat, especially when maps are insufficient or inaccurate.
23. Equipping the unit with sufficient communications equipment ensures flexible battle control. The rapid transmission of orders and messages ensures superiority over the Russians.

D. INTELLIGENCE, RECONNAISSANCE, ORIENTATION AND
OBSERVATION

24. To protect against a surprise enemy attack, the unit conducts continuous ground reconnaissance. As a rule, several reconnaissance patrols are sent simultaneously both along the front and to the flanks. The intervals and distances between reconnaissance patrols should ensure that the patrols are not misled by the noise produced by the neighboring patrol (about 150 m in a dense forest).
25. Patrols operating in the forest must move quickly and silently. Equipment must be carefully checked. All objects that hinder movement and make noise should be left behind. Helmets are replaced with caps or caps, as they impair hearing. The armament of reconnaissance patrols consists of submachine guns, rifles (if possible, automatic, and rifles with optical sights) and egg-shaped grenades (machine guns are inconvenient, as they restrict movement). . Hand grenades with handles easily get stuck in branches or bounce back, while egg-shaped grenades fly through them.
26. The reconnaissance patrol must establish: the location of the enemy and his flanks, what distance to the right and left of the road he occupies, the location of the enemy’s forward guard.
In addition, it is important to identify the nature of the behavior of enemy posts, to reconnoiter paths and existing traces. Having established contact with the enemy, it is important to promptly identify gaps and weak points in his combat disposition in order to provide command with data for making a decision for battle.
27. When reconnaissance it is especially important to establish:
a) existing roads, clearings, clearings, ditches, rivers and bridges;
b) the nature of the forest and soil, as well as the density of the forest, the height of the trees, swampy areas, high or conspicuous landmarks.
28. In a company, platoon, squad and reconnaissance patrol, it is necessary to assign observers, especially to identify shooters from trees (“cuckoos”). The commander must give the observers precise instructions on what to look for and in what direction to observe. When stopping, it is advisable to observe the trees. Often a false impression is created about the presence of “cuckoos”, although in fact they are nowhere to be found; this is explained by the fact that in the forest it is very difficult to correctly determine the direction of the shot.
Individual detected “cuckoos” should be destroyed with single shots. It is advisable to fire at the tops of trees with machine gun fire only when it is not possible to accurately detect the location of the “cuckoos”.
29. Reconnaissance patrols must conduct precise observation of traces found in the forest. Based on their direction, valuable conclusions can be drawn about the enemy’s behavior and intentions. In this case, you should pay attention to the freshness of these traces; The tracks are most clearly visible in the morning dew. In addition, Russians often mark their routes with markings to make them easier to spot. Symbols for the enemy are often branches that are broken or bent in a certain direction at the height of human growth, as well as notches in trees or bundles of leaves hanging on branches.
30. If there are no local landmarks, then you should navigate using a compass. Each reconnaissance patrol is issued at least two compasses: one for the reconnaissance patrol commander, the other for his deputy. The commander follows in front, the deputy behind and, using a compass, checks the direction, preventing him from deviating from the established azimuth.

D. MARSH

31. Marching through the forest requires a lot of effort. Moving through dense forest away from roads, on softened soil, units can travel no more than 3-5 km per day.
32. A march in the forest requires early and thorough reconnaissance so that measures can be taken to repair roads in a timely manner.
33. The unit must be able to quickly build small, strong bridges and decks from poles. To pave the road and remove obstacles, the head units must include sappers. In addition, the unit should allocate teams of “pushers” (in the presence of steep climbs) and teams for road repairs.
34. Before entering the forest, it is advisable to interview local residents, and when passing through the forest, use them as guides. This is especially important for reconnaissance of roads and paths in swampy forests. In addition to the roads indicated on the map, there are often many more good, accessible roads known only to local residents. Russians often resort to their help when passing through the forest.
35. Far-stretched units can only engage in battle after a significant period of time; in this regard, it is necessary to allocate a strong vanguard, which, before the arrival of its main forces, could, by enveloping the enemy, break the resistance encountered along the route of movement. Heavy weapons, artillery, headquarters and communications equipment must move as part of the head units, since pulling them along the route of movement is impossible in most cases.
36. All parts of the marching column must be able to quickly organize defense, since one always has to reckon with the possibility of a surprise attack by the enemy, and above all, on the flanks and rear.
To protect units on the march through the forest, it is advisable to use armored vehicles, such as tanks, assault guns and armored personnel carriers. However, to protect against close enemy attacks, they, in turn, need direct protection by infantry forces.
37. As a rule, lateral guards and rear guards should be allocated. Side guards should be equipped in such a way that they can operate away from the road (light gigs, peasant carts, an increased number of horses, teams of “pushers” for heavy weapons). The composition of the lateral guard and its distance from the protected part depend on its composition, the nature of the forest, the presence of roads, clearings, etc. The lateral guard should not be too far from the part so as not to be cut off from it.
38. It is advisable to equip marching columns and lateral guards with anti-tank weapons, since tank attacks should always be expected, which the Russians conduct even in dense and swampy forests. In the forest it is convenient to fight tanks at close ranges. Therefore, in all parts of the marching column, and primarily in the lateral guards, which in most cases do not have anti-tank reinforcements, tank destroyer teams must be allocated.
39. Heavy air raids, enemy artillery fire and frequent attacks by partisans and individual stragglers can force units to leave the road and continue marching away from the main route of movement. Heavy weapons, artillery and carts, if their movement through the forest is difficult, can move along highways and roads from line to line. They should be guarded by infantry units or armored vehicles.
40. To quickly eliminate obstacles placed by the enemy on highways and roads, they should be taken under frontal fire from both sides of the road and by enveloping actions
capture from the rear. Well-controlled and concentrated fire from tanks, heavy infantry weapons or guns moving in the lead units, and the rapid impact of units conducting enveloping actions, often lead to the rapid overcoming of enemy resistance.

E. ORDER OF MARCH IN THE FOREST AND APPROACH TO THE ENEMY

41. Once reconnaissance detects the presence of an enemy on the route of movement and establishes the possibility of an early collision with him, it is advisable to change in advance to -.< правление движения с тем, чтобы, двигаясь в тактически выгодном направлении, внезапно подойти к противнику.
42. When dismembering and introducing forces into battle, not only the location of the enemy is taken into account, but also the nature of the forest: the sparser the forest, the more opportunities for dismemberment along the front and in depth; The denser and more impenetrable the forest, the more concentrated and deeper the battle formations should be. , l
43. Units must move from line to line. Milestones should be specified in a timely manner. They are installed along transverse roads, clearings, streams, etc. Upon reaching the line, long stops are made in order to put the unit in order, orientation, pull up heavy weapons and artillery, and if necessary, then to organize a new system of fire “cover.”
44. To provide fire support for the advance of units, it is necessary to place, if possible, heavy weapons and artillery in positions along the roadsides, in clearings, clearings, etc.
45. For direct protection in front of the front and on the flanks, it is advisable, as experience has shown, to allocate separate rifle squads between the reconnaissance patrols moving in a “fan” in front of the marching outpost and the outpost itself, which should be sufficiently equipped with close combat weapons, especially submachine guns . The main forces of the unit, having lateral and rear guards, follow in deeply divided formations. Communication with security is maintained with the help of reconnaissance patrols (Diagram 8). Separate mortars, anti-tank guns and infantry guns should be kept at the head of the column in order to be able to quickly repel a suddenly appearing enemy with powerful fire.

Diagram 8. March-approach of a reinforced infantry company

46. Along the roads, in clearings, clearings, etc., the Russians often leave well-camouflaged shooters and observers in the trees who control the fire of heavy weapons or artillery, regardless of the danger they are exposed to from the fire of their troops. They most often open fire only when the main forces approach; Individual reconnaissance patrols, as a rule, are not fired upon. In this regard, upon reaching clearings, roads and clearings, as well as upon exiting the forest, you should always make short stops. Observers, individual machine guns and heavy weapons move forward to the edge of the forest to ensure the further advance of the unit. Reconnaissance patrols walk around the clearing (clearing, clearing) to the right and left in order to reconnaissance the opposite edge of the forest. It is not recommended to cross open places (clearings, clearings) during further movement, even if the opposite edge of the forest turns out to be free from the enemy. Roads and clearings that cannot be bypassed should be overcome by dashing between units.
47. Rifles, submachine guns and machine guns must be constantly ready to open fire. When firing a machine gun, you should not use a drum magazine, but a machine gun belt, since changing the drum takes too much time.
48. The unit must learn to move silently. She should not give herself away by noise, clanking of equipment and loud commands.
49. Further movement after the units with their head units have approached the enemy within the distance of visual communication and firing range,” is carried out by crawling to close combat distance. Russian forests provide a good covert approach to the enemy. Crawling can be continued even under heavy shelling from the enemy .

OFFENSIVE

General provisions
50. To ensure surprise, it is necessary to use all means to mislead the enemy regarding the plan of the offensive, place, time and distribution of forces. False attacks in the forest can be demonstrated by minor forces, such as deliberately making noise. They deprive the enemy of confidence, divert his attention to other places, force him to prematurely commit his forces to battle, thereby weakening his combat effectiveness. When attacking, forces should be used, if possible, in such a way that a two-sided envelopment of the enemy is carried out or a blow is struck on his flank. Envelopment by the enemy can be prevented by the introduction of new forces from the depths.
51. During an offensive, it is more expedient, as a rule, to indicate not the offensive zone (due to the impossibility of determining its border), but the direction of attack (by compass or with orientation towards roads, clearings, etc.),
52. As the target of an attack in a difficult-to-see forest area, lines (roads, ditches, etc.) are established that cross the direction of the attack. The stronger the expected enemy resistance, the closer the task should be set in depth.
53. Ensuring surprise. depends largely on the type of fire. As a rule, the commander reserves the right to give the order to open fire. Fire discipline is of great importance. Random shooting by individual riflemen and machine guns is not very effective. Short and powerful bursts should be given (if necessary, set the number of shots). A powerful fire attack in the forest has a particularly strong moral impact on the enemy. The principles of opening fire for machine guns and rifles apply equally to heavy weapons and artillery. For a fire attack, if permitted by observation conditions, the largest possible number of weapons should be used.
54. When attacking from close range under fire from the defender, you should not take up positions and return fire (shootout), but rather overcome this space quickly and decisively. In this case, as practice has shown, there are fewer losses,
55. In most cases, it makes no sense to conduct fire pursuit of the enemy after a breakthrough, since like, in the forest the retreating enemy can easily evade it. Inflicting quick and
powerful blows, you should strive to prevent him from gaining a foothold on another line and gain time for counterattacks.
56. If the battle was especially intense and after the breakthrough the units split into separate centers of struggle, then the further offensive should be delayed for a short time and the units quickly put in order in order to unite their forces again. Stops to put the unit in order and organize fire cover are also necessary when the unit enters the open area after fighting through the forest.
57. In a forest battle, more ammunition is consumed than in open areas. Therefore, the issue of rational use of ammunition is of particular importance.
58. At night, an attack in a dense forest, as a rule, is not carried out. The units must pause the battle even before darkness sets in and prepare for defense for the night (adopt a “square” battle formation).

Soldiers of the SS division "Totenkopf" deliver ammunition on a drag in the forest in the Demyansk pocket

Attack on a weakly fortified enemy (Diagram 9)

59. An offensive is successful and with minor losses only when the approach to the enemy occurs silently, and the attacks are carried out from short distances, suddenly and with sweeping actions.
60. If reconnaissance patrols establish the possibility of enveloping the enemy, then the advanced units pin down the enemy from the front, and the remaining forces attack the flank and rear. Units intended for enveloping operations can use messengers from reconnaissance patrols sent to reconnoiter the flanks as guides. To enable good observations reconnaissance patrols should be assigned forward artillery observers. It should be taken into account that the range of the attached backpack radios in dense forests is limited.
61. The blow is carried out by parts intended to cover, according to a pre-agreed
the signal given by the commanders of these units. In this case, it is advisable to use sound signals, since visual signals in the forest are very difficult to recognize. Units intended for frontal action cease their fire and, simultaneously with shouts of “hurray” and the bugle signal “fast forward”, go on the attack.

Attacking an enemy who has prepared on the defensive (Diagram 10):

62. The offensive is conducted according to the principles of attacking a defensive line. Strike groups are created, which are equipped in sufficient quantities with close combat weapons: incendiary bottles, smoke and egg-shaped hand grenades. The attached flamethrowers are especially effective in the forest.
63. Strike groups wedge themselves into the enemy’s position at the weakest points and make a narrow gap. When unoccupied gaps in the enemy’s defense are discovered, it is advisable to silently infiltrate in small groups through the front edge of the enemy’s defense and, from ambushes, destroy individual nests of resistance, remove guards and sentries, confuse the enemy, and thereby prepare the offensive of the main forces.
64. The forest often provides good cover when units approach for an attack. This circumstance allows the attacking units to take their starting positions at the closest distances. It is advisable to occupy starting positions at dawn.
65. A sudden breakthrough without first opening fire is for the most part more effective than a breakthrough after fire preparation.
66. Clearings under enemy fire should be bypassed. Machine guns, infantry and anti-tank guns, as well as individual guns take up positions and, with their fire along the clearings, force the enemy to take cover.
67. Combat patrols should strive to penetrate the forest as deeply as possible. The units following behind expand the breakthrough and eliminate the remaining scattered enemy forces.

Heavy Weapons and Artillery Support

German 105-mm howitzer leFH18 in the forest near Kiev

68. Rifle company commanders are obliged to assist heavy weapons units by providing teams of “pushers” and porters.
69. Heavy machine guns are used, as a rule, as light machine guns, since firing distances are often insignificant; In addition, a light machine gun can be prepared faster for opening fire and has greater maneuverability. The machines are pulled up spasmodically along the lines. Heavy mortars assigned to infantry platoons are used for the most part only in mortar fashion. Practice has shown that firing smoke mines to indicate the direction of fire has fully justified itself.
Due to its mobility, light infantry guns and light anti-tank guns can be widely used. As a rule, they are brought into battle as guns and assigned to rifle companies.
Due to the sensitivity of hollow-charge projectiles, their use for fighting tanks in the forest is limited. However, firing armor-piercing shells from anti-tank guns at various types of targets is effective, since the shells, when they hit trees, do not explode, but fly further.
70. Firing artillery in the forest is especially difficult due to disabilities observations. .There are frequent shortfalls. The lead companies should be assigned a large number of forward observers, which ensures the ability to quickly open fire immediately upon identifying pockets of enemy resistance. Reconnaissance of the area for a wire communication line and its laying require a lot of time. Therefore, in the head units of rifle companies there should be patrols equipped with communications equipment, preferably radio stations. Monitoring the area outside the forest itself
justified. The observer and infantry commander set up light signals to indicate the front line, targets and to open fire on pre-designated targets and areas of the terrain.
It is considered advisable to shoot along the lines. Practice has shown that it is especially good to fire smoke grenades when at the same time the enemy is under fire. Short, concentrated barrages of fire are especially effective. Artillery fire is transferred from line to line according to the advance of the infantry. In this case, it is necessary to establish certain lines along which fire is opened at the request of the infantry. Fire border on. flanks requires careful preparation.

Forest clearing
71. As a rule, final clearing of the forest is possible only by surrounding it and combing it from various directions.
’
72. Clearing the forest of individual groups of Red Army soldiers and partisans by combing it in a chain at intervals of several meters turned out to be impractical. In this case, there is a danger of the enemy concentrating in some place and breaking through. As a rule, it is recommended to keep your forces tightly together and, depending on the terrain, especially the existing roads and clearings, to introduce strong strike groups to attack in the forest according to a single, precisely established plan.
73. Enemy attempts to escape from the forest should be prevented by fire from heavy weapons and artillery along the edges of the forest, also using tanks and assault guns for this.
74. In areas where the enemy is surrounded, harassing rapid-fire fire and combat aviation operations are especially effective. Fire and bombing throughout the shrinking ring can be adjusted by forward observers equipped with radios and assigned to individual strike groups. In this case, their parts are not exposed to danger.

Example
At dawn, the forest in which the enemy was located was surrounded. Heavy weapons and artillery took up positions to repel enemy attempts to break out of the encirclement. The reconnaissance patrols of all companies had the task of scouting roads, clearings and paths leading into the forest, marking them at the edges of the forest and establishing their suitability for the passage of light infantry guns and 37-mm anti-tank guns carried by the crew. Based on reconnaissance data, strike groups (up to platoon strength) with individual light infantry guns, anti-tank guns and heavy mortars were put into action on all roads and clearings suitable for this purpose. A wired connection, duplicated by radio, was established. Forward observers were located with the strike groups. The use and distribution of forces was supervised by one general commander. The reconnaissance patrols were given the order: upon contact with the enemy, immediately report (normally reports are submitted every 30 minutes) about their location and direction of movement (azimuths according to the compass were reported). The regiment commander monitored the progress of the reconnaissance patrols and, giving orders, established their direction (using a compass and map), the strike groups continued their movement only on a new order. The artillery fired harassing fire into this gradually shrinking ring.
The enemy had no way to find a weak spot where he could break out of the encirclement. The units that took up positions on the edges of the forest detained the enemy who was trying to break through between the strike groups. The strike groups could have reinforcements along the roads at any time. The Russians were squeezed into a narrow ring, destroyed and some were taken prisoner.

3. DEFENSE

KV-1 tanks in the forest before the battle

75. In the forest, the defender is most exposed to the danger of a surprise attack from the enemy. Continuous and thorough reconnaissance and offensive tactics are the basic requirement of defense in the forest. You cannot wait until the enemy, under the cover of the forest, approaches attack range. It must be searched for, and if found, attacked and destroyed. "
76. Mobile defense has the advantages that it misleads the enemy regarding our forces and intentions and is effective means to successfully repel superior enemy forces.
77. Therefore, it is especially important to quickly select the main direction of fire, and to purposefully use the reserves concentrated in the rear, even if small, to destroy the enemy. Heavy weapons, artillery and reserves must be kept close. The introduction of reserves into battle must be carefully prepared.
78. Deep echeloning of the battle formation and continuous fire in front of the front line of defense in forest conditions is impossible in most cases, even with the presence of large forces.
However, the forest provides support to the defender in the sense that it is possible to construct a large number of difficult-to-overcome obstacles that delay the enemy or force him to move in a direction favorable to the defender (ambushes, minefields, swampy areas).
79. It is convenient to fight tanks in the forest. Therefore, the use of fighter teams, mainly on the expected routes of approach of enemy tanks (clearings, roads, clearings, etc.) and from ambushes, becomes especially important,
80. If, due to lack of time and strength, the defensive zone cannot be completely fortified, the greatest possible number of strong resistance nests, adapted for all-round defense, should be created. Fire from them should be conducted primarily along the intended paths
enemy approach (ravines, hollows, etc.). The selection and equipment of these resistance nests depend on the terrain and the forces available.
81. The edges of the forest are in most cases subject to enemy fire and therefore should not be located on them. The weapon must operate from the depths and be located at least 30-50 m from the edge of the forest. There must be a minefield around the resistance nest. In the resistance nests, it is necessary to prepare a sufficient number of hand grenades. It is necessary to use all available means to clear the firing sectors (shooting clearings) in front of the front and for flanking fire of individual resistance nests. The trenches should be made with a ceiling that protects from shell fragments and tree debris.
82. For mutual support and rapid supply of reserves, paths and roads leading to the rear, as well as connecting resistance nests, should be cleared and marked.
83. Regarding the opening of fire, discipline and its concentration, be guided by the principles set out in paragraph 53. Fire should be opened suddenly and only from short distances. . Russians often resort to various kinds of tricks (sometimes quite successful) in order to provoke fire from the defender.
To destroy reconnaissance patrols, “cuckoos” and observers, in most cases, a few separate targeted shots are enough.
84. When defending in a forest, a large number of artillery observation posts are required (from 3 to 4 per battery). The division's communications battalion must provide them with all necessary communications facilities. In front of the front line of defense, and especially in the spaces between nests of resistance, it is necessary to create continuous zones of fire for destruction. Artillery firing positions should be adapted to repel close attacks. This requires the construction of strongholds, primarily on the flanks and in the rear, and the deployment of strong guards. These defensive works are of particular importance in cases where only a small number of infantry is available, and therefore the creation of a deeply echeloned main line of defense is impossible.
85. Camouflage is especially important. The Russians often push snipers forward, who, imperceptibly breaking through to the front line, shoot down riflemen in poorly camouflaged positions with their fire. Patterns in the location and construction of positions and in the method of camouflage should be avoided. The branches used for camouflage must be changed every morning, since dried branches can unmask even the best position. Careful camouflage should be used. The necessary camouflage material is provided by the forest itself. The shelters of observation posts should, as a rule, be camouflaged. Dry brushwood and leaves should be removed from roads and paths so that the sentries do not reveal themselves to the enemy by rustling and crackling. Paths are laid only by order of the commander. The desire of individual soldiers to trample new paths to shorten the route should be stopped. Reconnaissance patrols are not allowed to travel at the same time or along the same path, as the Russians often destroy them in ambushes.
86. If the enemy is located in close proximity, then reconnaissance should be carried out through continuous visual observation. After some time, a clear and accurate picture of the enemy should emerge.
87. Barriers should be set up in front of the main defensive line, especially in ravines and hollows, which the Russians in most cases use for approach. All barriers must be provided with fire cover and checked by reconnaissance patrols. They should be equipped with mines, surprise mines and signal devices. Wire barriers should be installed, primarily “stumbling fences” and slingshots, connecting them to each other.
Example
The Russian reconnaissance patrol, coming close to the obstacle, threw hand grenades. At the same time, the second reconnaissance patrol, located approximately 100-150 m to the side, used long forks (3 m) to raise slingshots, thereby causing an explosion of the planted surprise mines without any danger to the patrol.
The strike group, following behind the reconnaissance patrol, broke into our location through a passage in the fence.
88. Signaling devices used in barriers can be made from captured wire and metal cans filled with stones. They ensure rapid rise in alarm and timely occupation of positions. It should be clear to every commander that the speed of countermeasures taken
is crucial.
89. Secrets should be placed in places convenient for the enemy to approach. Shift times and locations should be changed.
90. It is especially important to lay telephone communication lines even to small groups pushed forward or to the flanks, and to neighbors.

I. PREPARATION
91. Along with the physical hardening necessary to overcome the difficulties associated with forest combat conditions, training in this area is of great educational importance. It instills in a soldier a sense of fearlessness and confidence, and accustoms him to quick and independent decision-making.
92. Training of unit personnel for combat in the forest is achieved only through systematic training sessions in the forest. At the same time, it is necessary to strive to accustom the unit’s personnel to all kinds of surprises and suddenness, which require them to quickly make decisions and take decisive action.
93. Training in accurate shooting. Exercises conducted in the forest require particularly careful preparation from the leader. The forest makes it difficult for the instructor to observe the training. With non-commissioned officers assigned as intermediaries (in forest conditions it is necessary to allocate a large number of intermediaries), it is necessary to carefully discuss the purpose of the training, develop an exact plan for conducting it, and establish the nature of the enemy’s actions. Study problems with the entire part must be worked out in advance using a map or sandbox.
94. The following areas of training are particularly important.
a) Single preparation
Silent passage through the forest.
Walking through a dense forest.
Sneaking up to positions and sentries in various forest conditions (sparse, high, low, etc.).
Visual exercises to identify targets in the forest, such as finding “cuckoos”.
Orientation in the forest (designation of roads for units and recognition of symbols used by the enemy, use of a compass).
Construction of shelters and camouflage in the forest.
Close combat in the forest, destruction of "cuckoos".
Fighting tanks in the forest.
Acting as an observer from a tree.
Acting as a reconnaissance patrol in the forest.
Acting as a sentry in the forest.
, Shooting training in the forest (shooting from different positions,
rapid fire, shooting on the move).
Throwing individual hand grenades and bundles.
b) Training of heavy weapons crews
Moving heavy weapons in the forest.
Quick lesson, positions.
Creation of a firing sector.
Providing surveillance capabilities.
Providing communications with units in contact with the enemy.
Target designation in the forest.
Conducting concentrated fire in the forest.
c) Sapper technical training
Making a path in dense forests.
Rapid construction of small and strong bridges.
Construction of roads and boardwalks in wetlands.
Quick removal of large tree debris.
Construction of positions and installation of wire obstacles and tree debris.
Installation of observation points.
Clearing fire, as well as setting up positions for heavy weapons and artillery.

Training within units
Training in marching and combat formations in the forest.
Marches, primarily off roads and at night.
Advancement from line to line (with training in transmitting orders and reports) and pulling up carts.
Rapid deployment of combat formations and opening fire in the event of a sudden collision with the enemy.
Fire raids with light and heavy weapons.
Short-distance attack, dashing under fire, breakthrough, quick use of success (decision-making tasks).
Drill alerts in defense (with training in conducting counterattacks of reserves).
Security at night.
An example of suppressing a pocket of resistance in a forest using a heavy mortar
There is a heavy mortar observer on combat patrol.
He is accompanied by a signalman who has a telephone set and a wire 200 m long. There are marks on the wire every 50 m, which allows the signalman to always know the distance to the mortar. The signalman must ensure that the telephone wire along the road does not sag and runs as straight as possible. When a combat patrol encounters an enemy, the observer determines by eye the distance from himself to the target, adds 200 m to it (or another distance to the mortar behind) and thus obtains the approximate firing distance.
When installing a mortar in a position in a dense forest, when visibility is limited to 20-30 m, several trees should be felled to make it possible to fire. With the first shot from a distance of 240 m, the mine fell 20 m from the strong point. Shooting a fork in the forest is impossible, since your forces are too close to the enemy.

In the forest, the far limit of fire contact is no more than 40-50 meters, provided the enemy is moving, since if the enemy has prepared an ambush, then it is quite possible not to notice him at all. Therefore, let's consider several situations.

In the forest, the far limit of fire contact is no more than 40-50 meters, provided the enemy is moving, since if the enemy has prepared an ambush, then it is quite possible not to notice him at all. Therefore, let's consider several situations.

PROMOTION OF A GROUP OF 10 TO 30 PEOPLE

1. Dividing into groups of 7-9 people, the movement distance between groups in open areas of the forest is 30-40 meters, in open forests 20 meters, in the forest 10-15 meters, determined by the requirement for direct visibility between groups;

2. A reconnaissance group should move in front of the guiding group (within double the line of sight distance) to identify enemy ambushes at distant points. The reconnaissance group consists of 2-3 people, moving in a line of sight from each other, preferably having radio communication between themselves and the main group;

3. When a reconnaissance group detects an ambush or an enemy group, it is necessary (provided the reconnaissance group is not detected by the enemy) to immediately stop its movement, disguise itself, and transmit a message by radio to the reconnaissance group and the main group. Under no circumstances should you attack on your own unless you have a twofold numerical superiority.

Possible options:

If the scouts are not detected, and the enemy is an ambush or barrage post, call one group from the main column (7-9 people), so that this group splits into two detachments and circles the ambush site in two arcs, then striking in the rear and from the sides , in this case, the reconnaissance group will have to distract the enemy but will not expose themselves, firing from cover and from a safer distance;

If scouts are discovered, and the enemy is an ambush or barrage post, immediately find cover for firing and then proceed according to the previous scenario;

If the scouts are not detected or detected, and the enemy is a detachment of more than 6-8 people, the scouts disguise themselves and call two detachments from the main column (the point is that when attacking, a twofold superiority over the enemy is required).

One of the best and simplest tactics for fighting in the forest is the “double tail”. The main group moves in a column of two, staggered from each other, Right side The column is responsible (observes) for the right side of the path of movement, the left for the left. When commanded to attack, the columns, starting from the “tail,” bend in a semicircle and move toward the place of conflict, as a result, the enemy’s location is encircled. For this type of attack, one important factor is necessary - as many radio stations as possible.

PROMOTION OF A GROUP OF 4 TO 10 PEOPLE

It is best to move in two equal ranks in a checkerboard pattern, and the front rank should occupy protected positions (behind trees, stumps, in natural ravines, bushes, etc.), and the rear rank should quickly move 10-20 meters further than the front, then it occupies protected positions, and the group that covered itself must move forward and so on. When detecting an enemy or coming under his fire, realistically assess the number of the enemy and either attack him or retreat, but in the same order as the group moved on the march. The ranks should not be widely stretched, otherwise you can miss a camouflaged enemy; each fighter in the rank must have his own sector of fire (the direction of fire which for one fighter should not exceed 90 degrees).

PROMOTION OF A GROUP OF UP TO 4 PEOPLE

If the number is even, it is advisable to break into twos and move in twos, and the advancement of each two can occur in any order (both in a column and in a line), you just need to not lose sight of the partner from your two and at least one person from the neighboring one. When moving, it is necessary to make stops (every two to three minutes) so that you can look around and listen to sounds that are not related to the natural sounds of the forest. Such a group is the least vulnerable to detection and can therefore be used for deep reconnaissance in neutral or enemy territory. It can also be used to launch a surprise raid (with a quick retreat) against larger enemy forces, but it is not recommended to engage ambushes or similar enemy groups due to early detection of the group's movements.

DEFENSE TACTICS

Necessary actions taken when preparing positions for defense:

1. Selection of a dominant position for observation and firing;

2. Masking positions for observation and firing;

3. Availability of escape routes;

4. Convenient exit from positions for counterattack;

5. Distribution of observation and firing sectors;

6. Relationship between other positions and with the command center;

Necessary actions taken when defending positions:

1. When an enemy is detected, immediately report this to other positions and the command center, report the approximate number of the enemy, the location of their detection and the expected direction of movement;

2. For the distant lines of defense, if they are poorly camouflaged, retreat to the main lines; if they are well camouflaged, let the enemy through and, after fire contact with the main lines of defense, hit the enemy in the rear;

3. To the main lines of defense, allow the enemy to reach the distance of a confident defeat and only after that open, if possible, simultaneous fire on their predetermined sectors;

4. When reloading weapons, be sure to notify your partners about this in order to cover the firing sector, and do not allow simultaneous reloading of weapons with more than one neighbor along the defensive line;

5. Counterattack on a common signal, simultaneously, but leaving fire cover in positions;

6. When breaking through the defense in any areas, it is advisable to send additional forces there; if such a step is impossible, retreat in an organized manner deeper into the defended territory;

7. If the enemy has a significant numerical superiority and is surrounded by defensive lines, gather the remaining fighters and simultaneously break through with all forces in one (pre-agreed) direction.

THINGS TO REMEMBER

When defending, the losses of the attackers are at least 50 percent greater than the losses of the defenders;

The better the defense positions are camouflaged, the later the enemy will discover them and, accordingly, the closer he will come and the more effective the defenders’ fire will be;

The more smoothly the process of weapon reloading occurs, the fewer “blind” sectors remain and, accordingly, the less likely the enemy will break through the defense line;

Based on materials from the site AirSoftClub.Ru

Below is a selection teaching materials on guerrilla tactics.

March

ORDER OF MOVEMENT OF THE GUERILLA HUNDRED DURING THE MARCH

Covered on all sides by patrols, the hundred moves with the utmost caution. It should be remembered that humans, like all predatory animals, prefer to attack from behind or from the side. Therefore, the flank and rear patrols must be extremely careful!

PROMOTION OF A GROUP OF 10 TO 30 PEOPLE

Possible options:

If scouts are discovered, and the enemy is an ambush or barrage post, immediately find cover for firing and then proceed according to the previous scenario;

One of the best and simplest tactics for fighting in the forest is the “double tail”. The main group moves in a column of two, staggered from each other, the right side of the column is responsible (observes) the right side of the path of movement, the left behind the left. When commanded to attack, the columns, starting from the “tail,” bend in a semicircle and move toward the place of conflict, as a result, the enemy’s location is encircled. For this type of attack, one important factor is necessary - as many radio stations as possible.

PROMOTION OF A GROUP OF 4 TO 10 PEOPLE

PROMOTION OF A GROUP OF UP TO 4 PEOPLE

Before going out on the march, be sure to check and adjust the equipment of your people. A good, proven method is to simply make them jump in place and eliminate any sources of noise.

The best time to march is at night. A good cover is fog.

One of the rules of the march is no unnecessary sounds. To communicate with comrades, gestures and signals are quite enough.

TABLE OF CONVENTIONAL GESTURES-SIGNALS

These signals can be changed and supplemented at will. It is important that all your people know them.

Remember some more marching rules:

- Do not appear in open areas or against the sky under any circumstances. If this cannot be avoided, observe the area for a while and cross the open space quickly and one at a time, covering each other;

— Try to avoid places where traces remain. Sand, dirt, wet clay are your enemies. If there is absolutely no other way, deform the footprint using branches, tufts of grass, etc. tied to your shoes.

— Try to avoid populated areas and crowded places in general. There will probably be people there who, out of fear, for reward, or out of meanness in nature, will betray you. Communicate only through trusted persons, secretly and when necessary.

— Do not make noise when wading through water obstacles. Drag your feet along the bottom

— Don’t leave anything behind (food packages, paper and anything left of a person!)

The daily march rate is up to 30 kilometers (this figure can change dramatically depending on the situation, goals, weather, time of day and many other factors that make drastic and unexpected adjustments to partisan life!). If the march passes through territory that is unfamiliar to you, it is worth getting a guide or guide.

Despite the mysterious name, kroka is the simplest thing. This is an off-scale (unlike a map) drawing of a specific path to a specific goal, indicating the main landmarks and the distances between them in pairs of steps. Anyone can draw a map, and its value is that it can be read even by a person who does not know how to read a map, who will be led exactly to the goal, even if he has never been to the depicted area.

Ambush

More than 40% of the territory of Belarus is forest. This inspires confidence in the success of any guerrilla warfare. And the basis of guerrilla warfare is the ambush. The basis of an ambush is information (however, it generally constitutes the most important part of partisan life). You must know the strength of the enemy opposing you and build an ambush taking this knowledge into account.

The ideal place for an ambush is a forest path or road with steep edges. Although, in principle, this is not necessary and you can attack the enemy from a well-arranged ambush on any terrain.

To begin with, you should remember that most people are right-handed and hold their weapon with the barrel to the left, which means that the ambush must be organized in such a way as to attack the enemy from his right side.

NOTE: There are a few things to consider. The fact is that there are people by nature who can use both hands equally. In some units, the orientation of the trunks = 50/50 left-right.

It is best to organize ambushes if the number of your soldiers outnumbers the enemy by 2-3 times or if you are completely confident that you will immediately be able to disable most of the enemy soldiers. This is not cowardice at all, this is an ordinary calculation, and the one who, for the sake of false pride, strives to win victories over a stronger opponent, relying only on “heroism”, acts stupidly. Heroism is a good thing, but without brains it is extremely dangerous for the hero-commander and his subordinates.

AMBUSH ON A COLUMN

So, suppose you become aware that an enemy column is moving in the desired direction. The patrol begins the battle. He warns about the appearance of a column, clarifies its number, but at the same time does not enter into open battle and does not unmask himself in any way. When an enemy column enters a section of the road opposite the mined one and the front vehicle is detonated by a land mine, a pre-assigned grenade launcher (or better yet, two simultaneously!) sets fire to the tail vehicle, clogging the column on the path, as if in a trap. (If the terrain limits the road with natural obstacles - water hazards, ravines, steep slopes, etc. - this is just great!). After this, the main fire group unleashes the full power of fire on enemy vehicles and manpower. Those trying to escape in a ditch will fall on mines.

FAST COMBAT

If the enemy is small in number (half the size of your squad), then you should finish him off and capture prisoners and trophies. But if the number of the enemy squad is equal to yours or greater, then the entire fire contact should last no more than 7 seconds! After this, the main fire group begins to retreat deeper into the forest (with the exception of a couple of pre-assigned machine gunners, who, moving, cover the retreat for another 10-15 seconds and are the last to leave), even if the enemy has many alive and continues to actively resist! Do not under any circumstances get carried away with “finishing off”! Remember - reinforcements are 100% already on the way to the enemy! He must be met by a patrol - and the ambush will be repeated, only in a more fleeting version.

It may also happen that the unfinished enemy quickly came to his senses and organized pursuit. In this case, it’s not a sin to teach him a lesson. The main fire group, by its retreat, lures him to a pre-calibrated firing line opposite the ambush fire group, itself turns to face the enemy and organizes a finishing battle. Please note that the law of combat in the forest is movement. Having attacked the enemy in two groups - in the forehead and on the right, begin to move so as to keep his right side under fire at all times. This is called "twisting". Sandwiched between two constantly moving groups, spinning like a dog with its tail on fire, the enemy will certainly die, destroyed by fire from the flank and from the back.

Before leaving the completely defeated enemy, it is necessary to thoroughly search the corpses, take away everything of value and finish off the wounded (except for those who may be useful as prisoners.)

Each group leaves the battlefield along its own route. Having agreed in advance where the groups will meet, they discuss the signals for the meeting.

The diagram of an “ideal” ambush is described above. In life, this will not always happen, but the principle remains the same: a well-prepared trap applied to the terrain, a sudden and powerful fire attack, inflicting maximum damage on the enemy in a minimum of time and a quick retreat.

Environment

Anything can happen in battle, and it may turn out that you yourself find yourself in the enemy cauldron. In this case, you can also be saved only by lightning speed and decisive action applied to knowledge of local conditions.

1. Engage in combat with enemies and quickly determine by the density of fire the weakest point of the encirclement ring. 2-3 groups selected from the detachment must perform a diversionary maneuver in several directions, simulating a breakthrough. This will disorient the enemy. It will be useful if he decides that you are stunned with fear and are “breaking” out of his environment without any order,
whoever, under the motto “save yourself who can!” - the enemy will relax.

2. As soon as your groups make noise, the main forces go to break through at a predetermined weak point in the ring. The attack is carried out with a wedge, at the tip of which machine guns are placed, without looking back, with throwing grenades and shouting.

3. Having broken the ring with fire, immediately leave, if possible covering your retreat with natural obstacles. If the number of your people and their condition allows, you can arrange the same ambush for the enemy who rushed after him.

4. You can cover your retreat with a “path of surprises.” These are grenades on tripwires mixed with “empty” tripwires. For example: grenade - “dummy” - “dummy” - “dummy” - grenade - “dummy”... and so on. The enemy, tensed by the first explosion, will carefully check one or two subsequent tripwires, relax - and fall into the real one. And so on, as long as time and grenades last.

5. We must remember that even the most successful breakthrough is always associated with large losses. Therefore, it is better not to allow your squad to be surrounded by enemy forces.

6. But if it comes to this, only instant, bold and coordinated actions can save you and your people. Otherwise, encirclement will be the end of your partisanship.

Raid

A raid is an initiative open attack on stationary enemy targets: warehouses, bases, garrisons, etc. The purpose of the raid is to cause maximum harm to the enemy, both materially and morally.

A raid is a complex and dangerous thing, because in guerrilla practice it comes closest to what should be avoided at all costs: an open clash with regular enemy troops.

Therefore, the raid must be preceded by particularly thorough reconnaissance. Therefore, the raid can be postponed at the very last moment, if the enemy turned out to be at least a little stronger than you expected.

Remember: during a raid, it is the enemy who will be the defending party!

And according to the regulations of the armies of most countries of the world, the one who advances.
Must have at least four times superiority over the defender!
If there is no such superiority, then again it is necessary to rely on surprise and careful preparation of the operation.

Raid

What is a raid? A raid is a march plus ambushes plus raids plus whatever. Moreover, if the purpose of the march is to secretly arrive at some point, then during the raid the partisans brazenly run into clashes with enemy troops! This is the meaning of the raid! Not every squad is able to withstand it.

The first raid known to us in the history of mankind was carried out by Greek mercenaries under the command of Xenophon across Asia Minor in the 5th century BC. (read “Anabasis” - an interesting and useful book even for our times. And by the way, Xenophon himself admits that nothing more dangerous happened to him in his life!)

The raid tactics are simple and dangerous. The danger is that the enemy, of course, knows about the advance of the partisan detachment, and if the raid is successful, then very soon he begins to actively hunt for the partisans, and the partisans do not have the right to stop their combat activities. (Raids are used, as a rule, to divert the enemy’s attention from some more significant, albeit inconspicuous operation - or to actively support the combat operations of other units). In this case, the salvation will be mobility (due to vehicles or knowledge of the area - depending on the circumstances) and unpredictability of actions. It’s generally not worth conducting a raid with less than a squad. In this case, it is possible, moving along the rear, to throw out fifty strikes in all directions and even back, like tentacles, multiplying the damage, and most importantly, confusing the enemy regarding the plans of the partisans, their forces and the direction of movement.

At the same time - an explosion of a gas storage facility, shelling of a base, a cut out check point, an ambush on a convoy - and all in different places, and all unexpectedly, daringly, without a trace - and let the enemy guess who is attacking, where they are coming from, where they are moving, what their numbers are... The finale of the raid The squad should be scattered into hundreds and dispersed throughout the surrounding area until the enemy stops searching.

It is worth repeating: people decide to go on a raid only when the benefits from it clearly outweigh the possible losses (the real beginning of a mass uprising against the occupiers, support for a very important military operation, a gesture of desperate courage in a situation where death is inevitable anyway), and the commander is absolutely confident in his squad - from the first to the last person. But the moral effect of the raid is difficult to overestimate: the enemy, who feels himself the master and winner, suddenly and unexpectedly pays bloodily for his arrogant confidence.

A partisan group for fighting in the forest must have heavy weapons, three company-type machine guns - capable of penetrating basic cover, bushes, tree trunks and other objects at close range. The same scheme can be used by a counter-guerrilla group when conducting a counter-guerrilla operation in a collision with a small partisan group, even if approximately equal in number, going for sabotage, for example.

In the event of a sudden oncoming collision with the enemy, dense, heavy fire presses him to the ground, forcing him to lie down behind cover. those. force him to immobilize, deprive him of maneuver, and prevent him from raising his head for aimed shooting. This is done by a cover group with a PC. While this group “holds” the enemy, the main forces, using the terrain and camouflage on the ground, make a sharp dash forward to the enemy’s right flank. At this time, the enemy will turn into a chain against the covering group. The main forces at this stage have the opportunity to shoot the enemy from the right flank as a group target.

Moreover, in the first minutes of the battle, and the forest battle is fleeting, the enemy will turn the barrels to the right, according to the right-hand rule, sticking the barrels into each other’s backs, thereby preventing them from shooting. After concentrated fire on the enemy’s flank, immediately noticing his changes in formation, continue to twist it clockwise until you reach the distance of dagger fire. This is an old trick of forest robbers, and it has not failed for several hundred years. The most difficult thing is to do this at extremely high speeds, that is, during the battle there will be no time for making decisions and issuing commands. That is, walkie-talkies are not appropriate here. What is more important here is to practice the action of the unit until it becomes automatic, and in various variations. As in hand-to-hand combat, the brain begins to work at the level of instincts, at the psycho-energetic level. Also, in these situations, there is no need to set out to encircle and destroy the enemy - in a hopeless situation, he will fight to the last. Then someone will definitely get hurt. For the group this is noticeable.

Yes, hand-to-hand combat is also not welcome. Someone will shoot anyway. Again... If the enemy acts with superior forces and pinches you, then with concentrated machine gun fire the enemy’s chain is cut in one place, with its strong part (by chopping the weak part, the enemy will easily squeeze you again with strong parts), then under the fire cover of those who close the group from behind, a dash is made towards the enemy, the remnants of his formations are broken through with grenades, following the explosions they burst into his gap, close to the enemy, fanning out the machine guns - the main thing is not to let the enemy raise their heads and widen the gap, and in this case it will increase.

You must act boldly, sharply, brazenly and skillfully.

Comment! Teach fighters to shoot, and offhand. Combining the front sight with the rear sight - you will not be given such an opportunity. Only snipers and stand-up athletes are proficient in point-and-shoot shooting. If you succeed, your squad will consist of ordinary people With no more training than a conscript, use your instincts to identify the most capable marksmen in the group, and let them hone their skills to perfection. They will help you out later; one well-aimed shot can decide the outcome of the entire battle.

You should also learn to shoot from the point of view. Its meaning is that when you see an enemy with a machine gun or rifle, hiding behind cover (a tree), expect him to move from his right shoulder, it is so convenient for him to move after his weapon, the tree trunk and the long barrel of the weapon deprive him of maneuver. You need to aim to the right of the cover in an empty space. As the enemy begins to advance, you begin to squeeze the trigger, when the enemy is completely on the edge of the front sight, you press the trigger, the inertia of the movement will bring him right to your bullet. If the enemy is nimble and wants to outwit you by jumping out from his left shoulder, then it doesn’t matter, he needs to figure out his weapon, he will pull the barrel up or make an arc downward, and you also catch him only from the left side. In short, the one who is better trained will win in a forest battle.

And one more thing about fighting in the forest - the main thing is to constantly maneuver, stand up or lie down - you dramatically increase your chances of getting into group 200, and also keeping up with your own. One warrior in the field only in action films. One will always be pinned down, deprived of maneuver, not allowing you to raise your head, no one will support you with fire, no one will cover you, and you will not be able to regroup, that is, you will become a target.

Material found on the Internet

CHAPTER VI

INDIVIDUAL COMBAT SKILLS

FIRE AND MOVEMENT

1. Introduction. This subject covers a wider range of actions than the basics of fire and movement on the battlefield. Together with the ability to operate as part of a patrol, it creates the basis for a soldier's survival in combat. All other subjects flow from this section. In other words, the soldier must be able to advance to the objective and, upon reaching it, be able to destroy it. Without perfecting these basic principles of individual combat mastery, it is impossible to study other techniques and methods of action. It is very important to understand the concept of "combining fire and maneuver" and "fire and movement".

2. What is “fire and maneuver” and “fire and movement”

A. "Fire and maneuver." It is the basis of any tactical actions and represents a method of action in which a fire support group is assigned, which occupies specified positions and covers the advance of the assault group. Its task is to suppress or destroy the enemy, who may interfere with the advance of the assault unit, whose task is to directly destroy the enemy defending the objective.
b. "Fire and Movement" It consists of advancing a group to a target under the cover of continuous fire directed to the front. It is very important that the actions in this case cannot be divided into two stages, namely, firing and movement. They are carried out simultaneously. As a result of the existence of two unstable factors, namely, terrain and the enemy, several methods have been developed. These methods are used by units from squad to brigade and not only infantry, but also mechanized and tank. In combat, every soldier must follow this principle in order to survive.
V. The concept of "fire and maneuver" and "fire and movement".

Rice. 1. The concept of “fire and maneuver” and “fire and movement”.

3. Reasons for applying the principle of "fire and movement"

A. It reduces unnecessary losses. One part of the assault group makes a dash, while the other part does not allow the enemy to raise his head by conducting concentrated fire and, thus, suppresses enemy fire.
b. It is the basis for all tactical theories. Any methods of movement during combat operations are based on this principle.
V. It helps improve the following skills:

Field training. Due to the intensity of the firefight and in order to survive, the soldier is forced to effectively use cover, routes and obstacles.

Handling weapons. The survival of a soldier on the battlefield depends on mutual support (the so-called system of combat “twos”), and without professional use of weapons, this support will not be effective enough, which reduces the chances of survival. The ability to shoot accurately, quickly and accurately change magazines, and eliminate delays is mandatory.

Interaction. Due to the fact that close cooperation is necessary for effective fire and movement, there must be understanding between members of the "two" and within the squad. "Twos" by themselves cannot win the battle. They must act as part of the unit to achieve overall success.

Fire control. The effectiveness of suppressing the enemy by fire from the support group allows the assault group to get closer to him. Secondly, it saves ammunition and, thirdly, due to the fact that the assault is carried out from several directions, the soldier must conduct aimed fire so as not to hit his comrades.

Control. Since several actions occur simultaneously in various places, the unit commander must skillfully lead his subordinates. At the same time, each soldier must inform the commander and convey his commands.

Management. Each commander is vested with the authority to control the actions of his subordinates in order to defeat the enemy. Unlike earlier methods of warfare, where brute force and ignorance were the key factors, modern combat requires a competent commander who can make the right decision instantly.

d. It develops an aggressive spirit. The right combination of fire and maneuver allows a soldier to close with the enemy. Every person has an instinct of self-preservation. If your life is threatened, you, in turn, will also act aggressively to protect yourself. This awakens the killing instinct.
d. It develops an offensive impulse and helps to increase the efficiency of the unit’s actions. Successful firing and movement depend on the effective cooperation of each soldier. Once this skill is mastered, the unit becomes a highly efficient and well-oiled machine.
e. Capturing a guard or flank position. The squad is able to clear a specific area of resistance without slowing down the overall advance and maintaining the tempo of the advance. Otherwise, the entire unit would have to deploy to destroy such a small enemy. The right combination of fire and maneuver allows the squad to operate independently and conduct offensive operations. This allows you to operate effectively against superior enemy forces.

4. Principles of "fire and movement".

A. Control. Literally, this means that the commander must plan every movement and its route. This would make his work much more difficult. Therefore, everyone must take on this task to give the commander more freedom to plan the battle. Thus, cooperation and discipline are very important in the implementation of this principle. Management is everyone's responsibility.
b. Speed. Speed is a very important principle for four reasons.

Firstly, it takes approximately 2 - 3 seconds to aim at a moving target. On the ground this means 5 - 15 meters. Therefore, in order to survive, everyone must run from position to position as quickly as possible.

Secondly, it saves ammunition, since it takes less time to reach the target.

Thirdly, it has a demoralizing effect on the enemy, since he is unable to effectively slow down your advance.

Fourthly, this is necessary to maintain the momentum of the offensive.

V. Limit movement in open areas to a minimum without fire support. The reason for this is quite clear. If you must move through open terrain, use the following methods:

Crawling.

Increasing the fire density of the support group.

Use of fumes.

d. The direction of attack should be at an angle close to 90° to the direction of covering fire.

(Remembering that the main task of the support group is to suppress the enemy, the first two diagrams show incorrect options for its deployment. Due to the fact that the minimum safety angle (the angle between the direction of fire and the direction towards friendly troops) is 3 °, the fire of the support group in these two cases will be moved too early, which will leave the assault group vulnerable to enemy fire.This will lead to the fact that:
The speed will slow down and the momentum of the advance will be lost.

Ammunition consumption will increase.

Vulnerability will increase, which may lead to loss of initiative.

Rice. 2 The safety angle is too small.

Rice. 3 The safety angle is too high.

Rice. 4 The safety angle is correct - 90°

d. Use the terrain to your advantage. It is necessary to use any available shelter. Accordingly, plan the route of each movement.
e. Fire control. Every cartridge, grenade and shell must be registered. The purpose of each shot should be to destroy the enemy. Much more can be achieved with one magazine spent on accurate shots than with five magazines fired blindly. The tendency to shoot blindly indicates poor discipline and training of personnel.

5. Important requirements:

A. Aggressiveness.
b. The desire to kill.
V. Physical training.
d. Good training.

WAYS OF GETTING CLOSER TO THE ENEMY

6. Rolls in groups. A group of 7 people (4 - assault group and 3 - support group) attacks the target from different directions.

A. This method is used when:

There are suitable positions for the fire support team, which can be used to suppress the enemy with accurate fire.

There are convenient approach routes along which the assault group can approach the enemy.

The enemy has insufficient firepower.

b. Procedure.

One group provides fire support while the other moves. Groups move in this way until they reach advantageous positions from which they can begin to carry out their own tasks, namely, fire support and enemy attack, respectively.

The group commander controls the assault group, his deputy controls the support group. The group commander should try to keep the machine gunner at a distance that allows voice communication until he reaches the final firing position. If this is not possible, he must use visual and radio signals.

If one of the groups is forced to move across an open area, the other should cover them with fire. The angle between the two attack directions should be as close to 90° as possible. If this angle is less than the specified value, the assault group can increase it by shifting to the appropriate side after reaching the starting position. The angle, at the same time, should not exceed 90°.

The attack must be carried out as quickly as possible, but not at the expense of reliable control.

During the final throw, the machine gunner must fire at the enemy constantly and move him as close as possible to the assault group (3° in a combat situation, 11° in training).

To make the final push from the last firing position, the assault team may use one of the methods described in the following sections.

7. Dashes. The group advances towards the object from one direction in dashes as part of “twos”, that is, one soldier makes a dash, the other covers him.

A. This method is used when:

The enemy is putting up fierce resistance.

Maximum fire support required.

The terrain does not provide enough cover.

b. Procedure.

Soldier No. 1 provides support to Soldier No. 2, who performs a run of 10 meters or 3 seconds.

Soldier #2 takes cover and opens fire.

No. 1 moves to the line somewhat ahead of No. 2, takes cover and opens fire, etc., etc.

Machine gunners are deployed as part of the assault group, mainly on the flanks.

Rice. 5 Getting closer by rolling in groups

Rice. 6 Getting closer by dashing

8. Attack. This method is a continuation of the "fire and movement" principle. It involves the movement of the entire group, deployed in a line, towards the object. In this case, each soldier moves quickly towards the objective and fires at the enemy and his probable positions.

A. This method is used when:

There are no shelters along the advance route.

The enemy is disorganized and does not offer organized resistance.

When pursuing a retreating enemy.

Artillery and air support give troops an advantage over the enemy.

b. The attack must be carried out quickly, but the control of the unit must not be impaired. The movement should be carried out in a line, maintaining the tempo of the advance.

CONTROL

9. Introduction. This task is without a doubt the most important for a commander during combat. He must constantly be aware of the situation, without getting carried away by the battle, and be located where he can constantly direct the battle. This task is made easier through systematic training, the use of skills and abilities, and adherence to combat discipline. To facilitate management, the following methods are used:

Voice.
Hand signals.
Light signals.
Whistle.
Radio.

10. Communication in battle. In the heat of battle, soldiers must communicate with each other to exchange information. The commander must give commands clearly and clearly; commands must be communicated to the entire unit.

A. Arguments

This prevents isolation in combat. Mutual assistance and faith in their comrade motivate soldiers to do things that they would never have been able to do otherwise.

This improves fire control and ensures that fire is constantly directed to the front.

Every soldier knows the situation.

This improves control.

This helps to put together a unit.

Think before you speak.

Organize your message in a logical order.

Speak loudly and clearly.

Give the order in parts and pause to convey it.

V. Giving commands in battle must be accompanied by gestures. Give the right signal and make sure it gets passed on.

11. Light signals. To indicate enemy positions, both small-sized shooting devices and conventional signal flares can be used. But it must be remembered that this also gives the enemy the position of the commander, who is the main target for him. The designated soldier must give the signal. These signals can be used to command a ceasefire.

12. Whistle. This is the most important means for issuing and executing commands. It is used to signal the execution of a command, the start of its execution, or the termination of a previous action and the execution of a new command. The whistle and voice are the most important methods of control and the only ones that are effective in combat.

13. Order of commands.

A. The commander blows the whistle - the personnel await the command and continue firing.
b. A command is given in combination with a gesture.
V. The command is transmitted along the chain.
d. The commander blows the whistle to indicate the start of the command.
d. Within 3 seconds, the entire personnel of the group conducts heavy fire on the enemy, and after that the advance begins in one of the above ways.

14. The following commands must be used:

A. To move forward. "Group! In the direction of a separate tree, in twos, in dashes, FORWARD!"
b. For a break. "Group! Break right/left, MARCH!"
V. To step back. “Prepare to depart!” (This is the only command that is accompanied by the word “prepare”, since every second number must then prepare a smoke grenade and throw it on the whistle to create a smoke screen).
d. For attack. “Attack, FORWARD!” The beginning of this command is not indicated by a whistle to maintain the tempo of movement. It starts immediately after the command and is a continuation of the previous method of movement.

SELECTION OF FIRE POSITIONS ON THE OFFENSIVE

15. Introduction.

A. Choosing a firing position requires knowledge of the characteristics of the weapon and the ability to use the properties of the terrain. These requirements vary depending on the task. So, for example, in an offensive position should provide the convenience of going on the attack; When conducting defense, a more important requirement is to ensure a secretive location. During the advance, before fire contact with the enemy, the group commander must select possible positions in which his unit could take cover if the enemy opens fire.
b. Finding the ideal position is not always possible. The following must be remembered:

Fire is also a shelter, but should be used as such only in exceptional cases.

Grass, bushes and small trees provide cover only from observation, not from fire.

If there is no cover, you must lie on the ground to present a smaller target to the enemy.

16. An ideal firing position must meet the following requirements:

A. Must provide cover from enemy fire.
b. Must provide cover from enemy observation.
V. Should provide convenient use of weapons, including hand grenades.
d. Must provide a wide sector of fire and observation.
d. Must provide superiority over the enemy in firing and observation.
e. Should not be obvious. Avoid perfect hiding places.
and. Must have a convenient approach route.
h. Must have a convenient route for advancement to the next position.

FIRE CONTROL

17. Introduction. In combat, fire control is the responsibility of the group commander and his deputy. Without reliable fire control, all the benefits of a successful firing position will be lost. For unit fire control purposes, the commander must know the following:

A. How to carry out target designation.
b. How to correctly determine ranges.
V. What weapon to use.
d. What type of fire to use.
d. Where to be for better management group.

18. The purpose of a fire control order is to direct fire to the enemy as quickly and as effectively as possible. The most difficult part of such an order is targeting, especially during an attack. During a defensive battle, every soldier knows the terrain, distances and landmarks. The following are the types of fire control orders:

A. Full order.
b. Brief order.
V. Advance order.
d. Individual order.
d. Target designation with tracer bullets.

19. During an advance or attack, you have to act in an unfamiliar area of terrain, in the absence of landmarks. The enemy may be in well-equipped, camouflaged positions that are difficult to detect. During training, it is usually accepted as a rule that the commander sees the enemy first and sets the task of destroying him. In reality this is not the case. Any soldier can notice the enemy first. Therefore, it is very important that everyone can provide target guidance.
20. Every soldier must understand the need to control fire in order to conserve ammunition. When closing in on the enemy, it is sometimes necessary to fire without seeing the target, but by targeting likely positions, you can make every shot count.

USING OFFENSIVE SUPPORT WEAPONS

21. Introduction. To effectively use support weapons, the team leader must know the weapon and its characteristics, capabilities and limitations. Effective use of support weapons can mean the difference between victory and defeat, life and death. A good mortar and machine gunner is worth his weight in gold for a small unit.

LIGHT MACHINE GUN

22. Tasks. The main task of the machine gunner is to provide supporting fire for the assault group during an attack. Additional tasks are:

A. Blocking the enemy's escape routes.
b. Firing in defense.
V. Covering the “kill zone” during an ambush.
d. Prevention of enemy reinforcement actions that impede the advance of the assault group.

23. Accommodation. When using a machine gun as part of a support group, it must be placed in a position that has an open firing sector. When used as part of an assault group, machine guns should be placed on the flanks. After the attack, they must be placed in the most likely direction of the enemy's attack.

24. Application. In order to use the weapon effectively, the machine gunner must fire in short bursts (2-3 shots each). This saves ammunition and increases the likelihood of hitting the target. The number of bursts is determined by the type of target and the required firepower. Constantly use provocative fire. Increasing the rate of fire does not mean increasing the length of the burst, but increasing the number of bursts per minute.

25. Management. The deputy group commander is responsible for the correct placement and use of weapons. When used as part of an assault group, the machine gunner himself must determine his place in the battle formation. Maintaining the safety of his troops is also the responsibility of the deputy group commander.

60 - mm MORTAR

26. Tasks. The main task of this type of weapon is to suppress enemy fire. Another important task is to block the enemy's escape routes.

27. Accommodation. In order to perform the main mission, the mortarman must have an overview of his sector of fire. He operates primarily independently, except when assigned to a support group under the command of a second-in-command. He should always remember the following points:

A. Monitoring your sector.
b. Lack of any objects above the head.
V. Shelter from fire and surveillance.
g. A flat surface for installing a mortar.

28. Application. The mortar is a very effective weapon. Even if it does not kill or injure the enemy, it will at least demoralize him. At close ranges it is quite possible to hit the target with a mine. He should conduct provocative fire rather than attempt to repeatedly destroy the target. With the start of fire contact, the mortarman must immediately throw 2 - 3 mines in the direction of the enemy. The mortar is part of the assault group and the mortarman must move behind its commander. Once the ammunition for the mortar is used up, the mortarman must take his place in the battle line. His place and further task are determined by the group commander. He is usually located in close proximity to the commander. The mortarman must always take into account the speed of movement of the group and the flight time of the mines to ensure the safety of his troops, especially when firing over the heads of attackers.

29. Tasks. Due to the presence of fragmentation and anti-tank grenades, the use of a grenade launcher is quite flexible. However, the main task is to combat armored targets. Fragmentation grenades are used to destroy enemy personnel.

30. Accommodation. The grenade launcher should be in the support group (if possible) and used to destroy specific targets. The shooter must have a good view and an open firing sector. When used against manpower during fire contact, the shooter must be in the assault group and fire at the command of the commander.

31. Application. Due to its high firepower, the grenade launcher's capabilities should be used to the maximum. The following must be remembered:

A. Do not use cumulative grenades to shoot at enemy personnel; the M79 will do a better job of this.
b. The grenade launcher must change firing position immediately after firing.
V. If the grenade launcher is not used, the grenade launcher must fire from an individual weapon.
RPG - 7 is very effective in cases where a high density of fire is required, namely, immediately before the start of movement.

32. Management. The grenade launcher fires only at the command of the commander, with the exception of cases when he can hit an advantageous target that the commander cannot see.

M79
(grenade launcher)

33. Tasks. These weapons are used with great efficiency to destroy manpower. Allows you to have a large and varied portable supply of grenades.

34. Accommodation. To achieve the best results, must be in an assault group. Precision fire can be used to quickly destroy advantageous targets. This means an increase in the firepower of the assault team. When operating in areas densely covered with bushes, it is necessary to remember that a grenade can explode upon contact with a branch directly in front of the group's battle line. During regrouping, the grenade launcher should be placed in the likely direction of the enemy counterattack.

35. Application. Due to the fact that the weapon allows firing over a wide range of ranges (from short to 350 meters), its use is very flexible. Some application options:

A. Use against manpower during fire contact.
b. Covering the enemy's escape routes.
V. Destroying point targets.
d. Designation of the goal.

36. Management. The shooter must be close to the commander, but can fire on his own initiative.

ORDER OF ACTIONS WHEN MEETING AN ENEMY

37. Introduction. It is very important to know that there is a difference between the order of actions when meeting the enemy, the order of actions of a soldier in critical situations and a surprise attack (attack) on the enemy.

A. The procedure for a soldier to act in critical situations. This is the procedure to be followed in a given situation. This procedure is standard and is performed by the soldier independently, without a command. It includes the procedure for operating under enemy fire, the procedure for replacing an empty magazine, the procedure for clearing delays, etc.
b. The procedure to follow when meeting an enemy. This is the group's order of actions during combat. Forming a line, moving forward or backward, changing formation to repel an enemy attack from a new direction, etc.
V. A sudden attack (attack) on an enemy. This is a method of action in which the group commander decides to attack the enemy after quickly assessing the situation. It will be discussed in detail in Chapter 7.

ORDER OF ACTIONS OF A SOLDIER IN CRITICAL SITUATIONS

38. Introduction. These are techniques that are performed automatically and entirely according to a decision made by the soldier himself. In combat, several techniques are used that must be performed correctly in order to stay alive.

39. The procedure for action under enemy fire to kill. This is fire that forces you to deploy into battle formation in order to prevent losses. The procedure is as follows:

A. If possible, fire three shots in the direction of the enemy (Everyone who is in a position that allows them to shoot back) and indicate the direction towards the enemy with their voice.
b. Quickly fall to the ground, roll and crawl behind cover. Do not try to run to the nearest shelter, which is 20 meters away, you WILL NOT REACH.
V. By crawling or short dashes, stretch out in a line in the direction of the enemy. The dashes should be no more than 10 meters.
d. Determine the enemy's position or likely location.
d. Make sure that the weapon sight is installed correctly.
e. Open fire on the enemy.

40. Replacing the magazine. In a team of 6 people, 1 person makes up 17% of the firepower. Therefore, this technique must be performed very quickly. The magazine is replaced in the following order:

A. Warn your partner that you are about to change the magazine because:

he cannot move without your fire support.

he will have to increase the fire density to replenish your 17%.

b. You should not fire the magazine completely, as this will force you to pull the bolt carrier back again to load the weapon and thus waste time. The last five rounds in each magazine should contain tracer bullets to alert the shooter that the magazine is running low.
V. Never travel with an empty magazine.
d. Magazine replacement should always be done behind cover.
d. Make sure the magazine is inserted correctly. Always test your weapon for functionality by firing two shots at the enemy.
e. Warn your partner that you are ready to move.
and. Empty magazines should be placed in the front unloading pockets.
h. Magazines must fit properly into pockets. The magazine feeder must face down to protect from dust and sand.
And. A full magazine is removed from the pouch pocket; the empty magazine is separated with the same hand. A full magazine is added, an empty one is removed. Changing hands should not be allowed.
j. Magazines are replaced in the following cases:

Empty store.

Before the final throw (in the starting position for the attack).

When receiving a command to retreat.

l. Keep magazines and ammunition dry and clean.

41. Procedure for eliminating delays. The likelihood of delays careful attitude to weapons is very small, but if it occurs, it is very important to eliminate it immediately. The time factor is of great importance. In this case, you must adhere to the following order:

A. Take cover.
b. Warn your partner.
V. Eliminate delay.
d. Check the weapon.
e. If you cannot resolve the delay immediately, notify the commander.
e. If the delay cannot be eliminated, inform the commander and use the pistol.
and. DO NOT SLOW THE RATE OF ADVANCE, THE UNIT CANNOT WAIT.

42. Actions on the offensive position. These actions entail more than just shooting at the enemy. It is also necessary to perform the following actions:

A. Listen and give commands.
b. Report all identified enemy positions.
V. Choose your next firing position.
d. Determine how you are going to move from this position.
d. Choose a route to the next position.
e. Always know where the rest of your group is.

43. Change of firing position. In this case, the following rules must be observed:

A. Warn your partner that you are about to change your firing position.
b. Don't leave a position the same way you took it.
V. Do not fall immediately behind the cover - roll or crawl towards it.
d. Do not get up directly from behind cover - roll out from behind it first.

44. Movement between positions. Observe the following rules:

A. Move in a zigzag manner.
b. Move crouched.
V. Speed!!!
d. Both hands must hold the weapon.
d. Do not block your partner's fire.
e. Maintain distance between each other. If you're too close together, you make a perfect target. If it's too far away, control becomes difficult.
and. If necessary, treat the position you are moving to with fire.

45. Detection of the enemy. It is the responsibility of each soldier in the group to detect the enemy. The following main methods are used:

A. By the flash and the sound of a shot.
b. Movement.
V. Conducting provocative fire.
d. Calling on enemy fire with your movement.
e. Other features such as shape, shadow, size, silhouette, surface and spacing.

46. Fire control. It is impossible to destroy the enemy without ammunition. Therefore, do not bargain with yourself about how many stores to have - two or three. Use the following rules:

A. To cover your partner's run, you should not allow the enemy to raise his head.
b. Always aim through the scope, otherwise you will not be able to shoot accurately.
V. Put yourself in the enemy's shoes and shoot where you would take cover, namely to the left of trees and other cover, since most people are right-handed.
d. Fire from below. The enemy is rarely located at the top of the trees, and the one that is does not pose much of a threat to you.
d. Constantly shift your fire to shoot through the entire area, for example, from left to right and away from you into depth.

ACTIONS WHEN MEETING AN ENEMY

47. These are techniques that are used by a group under enemy fire, as well as to respond when the situation changes.

48. Procedure.

A. When the enemy opens fire, it is necessary to perform the actions specified in paragraph 39.
b. The soldiers at the back move forward and take up positions in battle formation - in a line.
V. With the help of provocative fire, enemy positions are revealed.
d. Target designation is carried out and fire missions are set (if necessary).
d. The commander makes a decision and gives the command.
e. The group opens heavy fire and suppresses the enemy.
and. The group continues to complete the task.

49. Options for action when meeting an enemy.

Rice. 8 Actions when meeting an enemy. Marching order "Scorpio".

Rice. 9 Actions when meeting an enemy. Marching order "Wedge".

Rice. 10 Actions when meeting an enemy.
Marching order in a column - one at a time.

50. The following must be remembered:

A. Don't bunch up when changing lines.
b. Changing into a line should be carried out as quickly as possible to
achieving fire superiority over the enemy.

51. Flanking movement. Applicable in the following cases:

A. When changing direction towards the enemy.
b. When an enemy appears from another direction.
V. When entering the enemy's flank.
d. When leaving.
d. To ensure the evacuation of the wounded when it is necessary to remove them from under enemy fire.

52. Performing a flanking movement.

A. Procedure.

The commander gives the command: “Retreat to the right (left).”

The density of the fire increases.

The whistle sounds.

The group starts moving until the next whistle.

b. The following must be remembered:

The second soldier starts moving first, from the flank towards which the movement is carried out.

The fourth one starts moving next, and so on.

The "twos" work together and adjust their speed to match the speed of the group.

The movement is carried out from the rear of the battle formation.

Traffic may be covered by smoke.

Rice. 11 Move to the right.

Rice. 12 Move left.

53. Changing the direction of contact with the enemy. There are several factors that lead to a change in the direction of contact with the enemy:

A. A counterattack launched by the enemy.
b. More persistent resistance on one of the flanks.
V. The enemy retreats in a certain direction.

54. Changing the direction of attack. To undertake retaliatory actions in the event of a change in the direction of contact with the enemy, the group must change the direction of the attack. All actions are carried out according to the commands and signals of the commander, but at the same time, each soldier must predict subsequent actions.

A. The first person to notice a change in the direction of contact must report this to the commander.
b. The commander gives a signal with a whistle to stop moving in the previous direction.
V. The group's battle line turns toward the enemy by rotating around the commander (who is in the center of the battle formation). This means that one flank moves forward while the other moves back.
d. If a threat arises from the flank, the group will not have time to quickly turn around in the manner indicated in the previous paragraph. In this case, it is necessary to act in the same way as in the case of deploying from a marching order into a column one at a time when meeting the enemy from the front. In this case, the commander takes a place in the center of the battle formation. Personnel must take their places in the line independently, while avoiding crowding on one flank and lack of cover on the other.

Note: Don't try to use a number system. The battlefield is not a parade ground, and in an unpredictable, changing environment, the procedure cannot be the same for all cases. Treat any comrade who happens to be nearby as if you were your partner.

d. If the line is offset in any direction relative to the center of the target, the commander uses flanking movement to level it before launching an attack.
e. The command to perform this technique could be as follows:

Whistle (forward movement stops, firing continues).

“The enemy is on the right, in line, FORWARD!” (At the same time, the commander marks the new line with his arms extended to the sides).

Whistle (start of command execution).

55. Coverage. Can be done in the following ways:

A. Occupying a position by a covering group to fire at the enemy's flank.
b. Masking enemy fire when attacking the flank.

56. Execution order:

A. Occupying a position by a cover group.

The support group performs a flank movement until it reaches its position (90° to the direction of attack).

b. Masking enemy fire.

Rice. 14 Coverage - masking enemy fire.

V. The command for a support group to occupy a position may be as follows: “Covering group, coverage to the right, FORWARD!” The deputy group commander exercises command of the covering group while moving into position. The assault group increases the density of fire to cover the advance of the cover group.
d. In the second case, the movement begins with the command “Group, coverage to the right, FORWARD!”

57 Departure. It does not consist in running away from the enemy, but in an organized, controlled movement.

58. Reasons for departure.

A. Incorrect assessment by the commander:

Enemy numbers.

Enemy firepower.

Localities.

The capabilities of your department.

59. Ways to escape.

Rice. 15 Retreat back and towards the flank

60. Factors determining the method of escape.

A. The presence of “dead spaces” on the flank.
b. Dense vegetation on the flank.
V. Concentrated enemy fire.
d. The need to pick up a wounded person or abandoned backpacks. In this case, the direction of retreat becomes the direction towards them.

61. Procedure. Since withdrawal is usually undertaken when friendly forces fail, control plays a very important role and is made difficult by the tendency of people to panic in such situations. During classes, it is necessary to practice the procedure for leaving. The following procedure is recommended:

A. The group commander blows the whistle, the group stops further movement and assumes a line of battle formation.
b. The commander gives the command "Prepare to depart!"
V. The second numbers are preparing smoke grenades.
d. The commander blows the second whistle - the pause between the previous command and the second whistle should provide enough time to prepare the grenades. d. Personnel throw smoke grenades and increase the density of fire.
e. The group begins to retreat.

62. Use of smoke grenades.

A. When using smoke grenades, it is necessary to take into account the direction and strength of the wind.
b. Smoke does not provide shelter from fire - only from observation.
V. The enemy's movement also cannot be visible.

ANTI-AMBUSH PROCEDURE

63. Introduction. The likelihood of being ambushed if you follow the rules of movement is very low. Routine actions, driving on roads, neglect of discipline and camouflage are the most common reasons for being ambushed. When caught in an ambush, the most important factors are speed of action, firepower and determination. It is necessary to pay the same attention to practicing anti-ambush actions as to any other.

64. Ambushes on the roads. Your actions will be determined by the following factors:

A. The number of the enemy and the battle formation of the ambush.
b. Removing enemy positions.
V. Times of Day.
d. The nature of the terrain (presence of terrain slope, street in a populated area, etc.).

65. The following rules must be adhered to:

A. If the ambush is very close, the only chance is to break through the enemy's battle formations and fire at his possible positions.
b. At greater distances (200 meters or more), the usual procedure applies when meeting an enemy.
V. At night, you must quickly take a lying position and crawl out of the affected area.
d. Use any opportunity, such as dense bushes, to escape the affected area.
d. Remember! Your life depends on speed and decisive action.

66. Ambushes in open areas. Ambushes are usually organized near water sources, while being pursued by the enemy, when crossing borders, and in cases where the enemy discovered you first and organized an ambush on the move. The procedure is usually the same as during a normal meeting with the enemy. Usually only part of the group is in the affected area. At the same time, the rest of the group launches a counterattack on the enemy’s flank to give their comrades the opportunity to get out of the affected area.

AN AMBUSH ORGANIZED ON THE RIGHT.

67. Introduction. This is nothing more than a surprise attack from the enemy. The enemy is spotted first, the established signal is given and the group organizes an ambush on the move.

68. Procedure. The personnel of the group must turn into a line as quickly as possible without unnecessary noise and unnecessary movements. If possible, the enemy should attack from the flank. The group commander waits until the enemy is in a certain position. When the enemy detects anyone from the group, fire opens immediately. If the enemy forces significantly exceed the forces of the group, it is necessary to deliver a massive fire strike and retreat until the moment when the enemy comes to his senses and takes retaliatory action.

1) The group detects the enemy and immediately takes an ambush position.

2) When the enemy approaches, the group destroys him.

Rice. 16 Conducting an ambush on the move.

EVACUATION OF THE WOUNDED

69. Procedure.

A. If possible, the wounded person should inform his partner of his condition. This message must be conveyed to the team leader as quickly as possible.
b. If the situation is successful, the group continues the task and returns for the wounded after its completion. If the group is sufficiently large, a reserve is allocated from its composition, one of whose responsibilities is to provide assistance to the wounded.
V. If the wounded person is able to provide first aid to himself, he should do so. A lot of people saved their lives this way.
d. If the wounded person is armed with a group weapon that is necessary to complete the task, it must be taken by his partner.
d. The partner of the wounded person must remember where he left his comrade.
e. If the situation is unsuccessful and withdrawal is inevitable, it is necessary to follow following rules:

Inform the commander about the presence of a wounded person immediately. The word “wounded” when retreating means that the entire group must stop moving, again take the battle formation in line and open fire on the enemy.

The soldiers closest to the wounded man on the left and right should immediately move towards him, while others continue to fire intensely at the enemy.

The procedure for evacuating a wounded person from enemy fire is as follows:
Turn him over onto his back.

Two soldiers, holding the wounded man by his equipment and shoulders, pull him out from under fire.

Do not leave the injured person's property.

As soon as the “two” with the wounded is ready to move, the group resumes its retreat.

and. After leaving the enemy's fire, one soldier takes the wounded man on his shoulders, and the other takes his weapon and equipment.
h. When leaving, you should always remember the following:

The wounded are never abandoned.

Try to take all the property.

70. Introduction. Dropping backpacks during an encounter with an enemy has many advantages and disadvantages, but nevertheless, the following rules must be adhered to.

71. General rules.

A. The backpack is not removed until you take your place in the line with your comrades. It is removed only at the command of the commander, after he has made the decision to attack the enemy. It is the duty of every soldier to remember the place where he left his backpack.
b. When attacking on the move, all backpacks are left in one place.
V. The backpack is thrown only in exceptional cases.

LOSS OF A SOLDIER

72. Introduction. If all the rules of negotiation in battle are followed, no one will ever get lost. Below are some reasons leading to the loss of fighters.

A. Both partners were lost.
b. Failure to comply with the rules of negotiation in battle.
V. Insufficient control over people.
d. The wounded man was not noticed (fault of his partner).

73. General rules. The tactical situation in this case will determine the course of action. Below are the general rules:

A. If the unit wins the encounter, immediately call the lost soldier's partner and:

Find out where he last saw him.

Send him and another soldier back to search for the missing person.

If the search is unsuccessful, organize a thorough combing of the area.

If in this case the searches do not yield results, inform your superior and go to the collection point.

b. If a unit is forced to withdraw and someone does not reach the assembly point, the following procedure must be followed:

Inform your superior commander.

Try to determine where he was last seen.

Several "twos" came out to search in the immediate vicinity.

Determine the nature of the enemy’s actions by conducting reconnaissance:
If the enemy has left, organize a search.

If the enemy is still in close proximity, make a feint attack with part of your forces, and search with the other part.

If there is a suspicion that the lost person has been captured by the enemy:
launch an attack on the enemy if he is still in the area;

call in air strikes to strike the enemy to give the prisoner an opportunity to escape.

V. Remember: everyone must return from a mission, alive or dead, but everyone. Never leave anyone.

EXIT TO THE RECRUITMENT POINT WHEN MEETING THE ENEMY

74. Introduction. Due to the fact that chaos and confusion may result if the above rules are not followed, this issue should be given special attention. Special attention during classes. Moreover, the unit may be seized by panic due to a forced withdrawal.

75. Procedure. Exit to the collection point is used in case of forced withdrawal.

A. Retreat to a collection point, which should be located 500 meters during the day and 300 meters at night in the direction from the point of collision with the enemy.
b. Detachment: requirements.

Speed.

Don't bunch up.

Do not move without your partner or property.

Do not panic.

V. After exiting to a collection point near the meeting point with the enemy, exit to the collection point designated in case of danger.
d. The first one to arrive at the assembly point takes command until the arrival of the group commander.
d. Upon the arrival of other group members, a perimeter defense is organized.
e. The wounded are accommodated in the center and provided with medical care.
and. Upon arrival of the group commander, the acting commander reports to him the number of arrivals and other available information.
h. Contact headquarters and report the situation.
And. The collection point operates until all team members arrive or within 15 minutes of the first soldier arriving.

ACTIONS WHEN MEETING THE ENEMY AT NIGHT

76. Due to a number of problems that arise when conducting an offensive at night, its conduct is undesirable. These problems include:

A. Unfamiliar terrain.
b. Inability to determine the number of the enemy.
V. Inability to effectively manage a group.

77. In a certain situation, fighters can be located in positions with good sectors of fire and fire at the enemy. If lighting equipment is available, an attack is possible, but reliable control must be organized.

78. Usually, if the enemy has not noticed you and his number is unknown, the group should not open fire, should lie low and wait until the enemy leaves or retreat unnoticed.

79. If the enemy notices you, fire opens, the entire group forms a line and fires with maximum intensity. After this, a withdrawal is performed. Usually, after several short runs, contact with the enemy is broken.

80. Retreat is carried out to a collection point located 300 meters back in the direction of the group’s movement. If someone is lost, a search is organized at dawn. In this case, it is necessary to beware of an ambush at the meeting point with the enemy.

AIR RAID

81. Introduction. This issue has received little attention in the recent past, but in view of the increased capabilities of enemy aviation, sufficient time must be devoted to working out issues of countering aviation. An air raid is carried out by helicopters or attack aircraft.

82. General rules. During an air raid, it is very important not to panic and not to run or shoot at planes. The procedure is as follows:

A. If you are in an open area, lie down and don't look up.
b. Crawl to cover if it's nearby.
V. Don't run - movement will definitely attract attention.
d. The helicopter first turns, then opens fire.
d. If you are caught in an air raid, do the following:

Fire from all available weapons and try to create a barrage zone directly in the direction of the aircraft.

Try to take cover in a crater or behind a tree.

Don't huddle - spread out.

If you have to run, don't run straight ahead of the plane, run at an angle.

COMMANDER'S JOB

83. The larger the group, the more difficult it is to control it and the less participation of the commander in the firefight should be. He fires only at important targets. To complete the task, it must provide the following:

A. Carefully assess the terrain and enemy before making a decision.
b. Accurate target designation.
V. Suppress the enemy with fire before moving.
d. Give commands on time.
d. Stop driving if you lose control.
e. Always know who is where.
and. Control the support team's fire.
h. Watch your opponent's movements.
And. Decisions must be made quickly and implemented decisively.
j. Don't take unnecessary risks.

84. Conclusion. The success of a group in a firefight depends not only on the commander. It depends on the individual fighting prowess of each soldier, his ability to function as part of a group, and the presence of a decisive and competent leader who can direct the group's actions in the most effective manner.

INDIVIDUAL COMBAT SKILLS

Let's look at combat tactics in the forest using the example of the forest area that is most familiar to us. temperate climate. For effective combat in the forest, it is necessary to regroup the platoon. Depending on the combat mission and the region in which the fighting takes place, the specifics, composition and weapons of the unit may change. But, since the main danger to the group is always ambushes, the platoon structure should ensure maximum resistance to them and minimize losses.

The platoon is divided into 4 squads of 4 soldiers each (“fours”) and 4 combat “twos”. The three combat “fours” are: machine gunner (PKM), assistant machine gunner (AK with GP), sniper (VSS), shooter (AK with GP). In one of the “fours” the sniper must have an IED. These are the three main combat units. The squad leader is a sniper. All the four fighters act in his interests. In one of the “fours” there is a platoon commander (VSS) and a radio operator (AK). The fourth combat “four” includes: a machine gunner (PKM), an assistant machine gunner (AKMN with PBS), a grenade launcher (RPG-7), an assistant grenade launcher (AKMN with PBS). This is the counter fire department. It follows the lead patrol. Its task is to create a high density of fire, stop and delay the enemy while the main forces turn around and take up positions to repel the attack. The squad leader is a machine gunner, and all the “four” fighters use their fire to ensure his work. Combat “twos” are the head and rear patrols and 2 side guards. Their armament is the same and consists of an AK with a GP; the AKS-74UN2 with a PBS is also appropriate. For machine guns, it is better to use RPK magazines with 45 rounds. Each fighter, except for the machine gunners, assistant grenade launcher and radio operator, carries 2-3 RPG-26, or better yet MRO-A or RGSh-2. After the start of the clash, the counter-fire “four”, following behind the lead patrol, also opens fire on the enemy, suppressing his activity with machine-gun fire and fire from RPG-7. The assistant machine gunner and the assistant grenade launcher of the fire countermeasures group are armed with AKMN with PBS. This allows them once again without being exposed, destroy the enemy who poses an immediate danger to the machine gunner and grenade launcher. If the enemy is detected from the front by the head patrol, but the patrol remains unnoticed, shooters with PBS destroy the enemy with fire from silent weapons. From the features of such a structure, it is clear that the fighters in the platoon are somehow grouped in pairs. This promotes combat coordination, the development of conditioned signals, and a better understanding of each other. At the same time, it should be noted that it is often appropriate to divide a platoon in half, 12 fighters each. Each group performs a specific combat mission. In this situation, the dozen will act differently. Each reinforced squad includes 2 PKM machine gunners (Pecheneg), 2 VSS snipers, 8 riflemen (AK+GP). The second squad includes an RPG-7 grenade launcher and two shooters with AKMN + PBS. With such an organization, in a squad on the march there are 3 soldiers (machine gunner and 2 riflemen), a core (4 riflemen, 2 snipers) and a rear guard (machine gunner, 2 riflemen) in the head patrol. In the event of a sudden collision with the enemy, the lead patrol opens heavy fire and holds the enemy while the rest turn around. In the event of a sudden collision with superior enemy forces, the rear patrol takes an advantageous position and covers the retreat of the entire group. In forest areas, open areas are not found very often - as a rule, these are the banks of rivers and lakes, burnt areas, hilltops, and clearings. That is, the area is basically “closed”. The range of fire contact in such conditions is minimal, and there is no need for long-range weapons (such as Kord, ASVK, AGS and even SVD), but fighters must have a pistol or submachine gun as an additional weapon. A great tactical advantage in the forest comes from the use of mines. The most convenient, in my opinion, is MON-50. It is relatively light and practical. Each of the group's fighters, except for the machine gunners, assistant grenade launcher and radio operator, can carry at least one mine. Sometimes it is convenient to use the MON-100, which, with a mass of 5 kg, provides a destruction corridor 120 meters long and 10 meters wide. It is convenient to install it on clearings and roads, directing along them or along the edge of the forest. POM-2R mines are also needed, truly irreplaceable. After being brought into firing position, the mine becomes armed after 120 seconds and throws four 10-meter target sensors in different directions. The radius of the circular lesion is 16 meters. Very convenient for mining when a group is retreating, or when you need to quickly create a minefield in the enemy’s path. Summarizing the above, we note: the result is a platoon armed with 4 PKM or Pecheneg machine guns, 3 VSS silent sniper rifles, 1 SVU-AS, 1 RPG-7; 17 fighters each have 2-3 RPG-26 grenade launchers (34-51 pcs.), 2 AKMN with PBS, 14 fighters are armed with GP and carry at least 18 MON-50 mines and 18 POM-2R mines. ORDER OF OPERATION OF WATCHES On the march, it is more convenient to move in a battle formation of the “arrow” type. There are machine gunners in front and on the flanks. Side protection is required. The lead patrol does not move more than 100 meters from the first “four”; visual communication must be maintained. Such a battle formation allows for the greatest security in the event of a surprise attack. In the event of an explosion on a directed mine, only one “four” is hit. Depending on the situation, the battle formation may change to a “wedge”, “ledge” or “chain”. Patrols and side guards must have special thermal imaging and acoustic reconnaissance devices, through the use of which the surprise attack factor can be reduced to a minimum.

While in an ambush, you need to follow some rules. Snipers and machine gunners must be evenly distributed along the front and must control the flanks. The latter, as well as the probable directions of the enemy’s approach, are mined. It is also appropriate to mine the front, preferably with a chain of several MON-50s. Sectors of continuous mine damage must overlap. When the enemy enters the affected sector, the entire mine chain is undermined. Infantry moving at full height at this moment will be destroyed. This should be followed by a blow with all forces and means aimed at finishing off the enemy. The snipers' positions are located separately, and their single shots are lost against the background of general shooting. This allows them to calmly and systematically shoot the enemy. If there are no radio-controlled fuses, then you can build a homemade one and detonate it at the right moment using a sniper shot. A piece of glass is inserted between two pieces of tin, and the whole thing is (not very tightly) tied together at the edges. The contacts of a series-connected circuit of several minutes are suitable for the tin. This “sniper fuse” must be placed on the tree trunk from the side convenient for the sniper. When the enemy enters the affected area, a sniper shoots at the “fuse”, the glass between the pieces of tin crumbles, and the circuit closes. This is how you can kill an entire platoon with one shot, and many such traps can be set. It is even more effective to place a POM-2R mine in the affected area of the MON-50 chain. One or two enemy soldiers will be blown up by a mine, and the bulk of the enemy unit’s personnel will come to the aid of the wounded. The subsequent detonation of the MON-50 chain will cover them all at once. (In this regard, it is necessary to make it a rule that no more than two people provide assistance to the wounded in the place where the injury occurred.) During the mining process, when setting up an ambush, a calculation of 3-4 MON-50 mines per enemy platoon is taken. The problem is the need to hit the core without the patrol and side guards noticing the ambush ahead of time. The lead patrol should be allowed to go forward (usually two soldiers). They are neutralized separately after the mines are detonated. With flank protection it is much more difficult. To do this you need to use silent weapon. The enemy reconnaissance group will most likely not follow the path, but will move along it. The enemy may be much larger than expected, in which case the remaining forces will attack you in the flank. It’s convenient to place the POM-2R there. The surviving enemy soldiers will launch a lightning-fast counterattack, and if you do not open dagger fire on them, they can take the initiative into their own hands. During the battle, you must not forget that shots from RPGs and VOGs explode when they hit branches. This must be feared, but it must also be used. If the enemy is lying under a bush and you cannot reach him, launch the VOG into the crown of the bush above him, and he will be covered with fragments. When occupying a line, the place for the gap is chosen to the right of the tree, which plays the role of a natural shield. Nothing should block the field of fire or interfere with visibility. It is especially important to make sure that there are no anthills nearby. When digging a “scorpion hole,” as a shel is sometimes called, it is necessary to carry the soil into the depths of the forest, and ideally, if possible, pour it into a stream, swamp or lake. The gap should not have a parapet, since the mounds of dug sand will immediately give away your position. The front of the “scorpion hole” must be directed to the right edge of the firing sector. This is due to the fact that it is more convenient to turn the weapon to the left than to the right, where you need to turn with your whole body, which is inconvenient in a tight space. For a left-hander everything will be exactly the opposite. Lastly, think about the roots of the tree. If possible, you can squeeze between them, because a thick root can stop the splinter. The fighters are grouped in twos: this way they can cover each other in case of a delayed shot or when reloading a weapon, and also quickly provide first aid if wounded. As for stretch marks. If you set the normal (low) one, then the enemy’s lead patrol soldiers will be the first to blow it up. At the same time, the enemy group commander is a more important target. To destroy it, a directed mine is installed at a height of 2 meters above the ground, and a tripwire is also carried out at this level. The patrolmen will pass under it unhindered, they focus on low tripwires and identifying enemy positions. High stretch marks can only be discovered by accident. Next comes the core. In it, next to the commander, there is a radio operator, who breaks the guy wire of the radio station’s antenna.

USE OF MANPADS IN THE FOREST. POSITIONING THE TREE

The wooded area complicates the work of MANPADS crews, since tree trunks and branches block the view and the firing sectors. To arrange a convenient position for calculating MANPADS, find the most tall tree and position yourself on top of it. Therefore, it is advisable to have special claws, ropes and suspension systems with you. You need to build a “nest” in a place where there are two close-set, strong horizontal branches. The space between them is braided with rope in such a way as to create a platform on which you can comfortably lie down or half-sitting. To protect against fire from below, unfold a bulletproof vest underneath you, and to camouflage your position, insert branches into the lower part of the weaving. All elements of equipment and equipment must be secured to branches and branches to prevent them from falling down, but so that they can be quickly used. It is necessary to have a fixed cord: if you immediately leave the position, you throw its end down and quickly go down it. It is even better to secure the second end of a long rope below the “nest”, at a height of about 2.5 meters from the ground. Then, to quickly leave the position, you will only need to attach the elements of your harness to the rope and slide down it, like Tarzan. So in a matter of seconds you leave the firing zone, and it is much more difficult to hit a person “flying” horizontally among branches and tree trunks than someone descending vertically. It is advisable to install 3-4 MON-50s in radio-controlled mode around the tree. If the enemy comes close to you, detonate the mines, because the directed beam of lethal elements does not pose a danger to you. But it is strictly forbidden to attach mines to the trunk of the tree you are on, as well as to the trunks of nearby trees (after the explosion, they may fall on your tree). You can spend a lot of time in such a “nest”, remaining unnoticed from below and from above. If it happens that your position is discovered and a firefight begins, do not try to use grenades. In this situation, they pose a much more tangible danger to you than to the enemy. It is much more appropriate to use small arms. The enemy will instinctively lie down after contact begins. A reclining human figure has a larger profile than in a vertical position; in addition, shooting upward from a prone position is extremely inconvenient - to do this you need to roll over onto your back. Your advantage is that you can escape the fire by hiding behind a tree trunk. A fixed cord and hanging system will help you with this. Being behind the barrel, as a last resort you can use a grenade, but then it is better to make it explode in the air.

HOW TO INCREASE MINE DEFEAT SECTORS

When a directed mine placed on the ground explodes, part of the destructive elements goes into the ground, and more than half flies over the enemy’s head. To correct this situation, MON-50 mines, for example, must be placed on a tree at a height of 2 meters and directed slightly down towards the expected appearance of the enemy (precisely aim the mine at a point at a distance of 30 meters). In this case, 100 percent of the killing elements will fly above the ground at a height of less than 2 meters, which is most effective. For MON-90, installed at a height of 2 meters, this point is located at a range of 45 meters. But MON-100 and MON-200 are better installed at a height of 3 and 5 meters, respectively, parallel to the surface of the earth. In addition to the vertical angle, the angle of the horizontal installation of the mine relative to the path or road along which the enemy will pass is extremely important. This is especially true for the MON-100 and MON-200 mines, which have a narrow sector of dispersion of lethal elements. Installed 25 meters from the path, these mines must be turned 60 degrees towards the road in the direction of the enemy's movement. If you place the same MON-100 against traffic, it can be noticed, otherwise it will “hide” behind a tree trunk. For MON-50 and MON-90 this system is ineffective. A much more effective way to increase the lethal range is to overlap the affected sectors. MON-50 mines must be placed perpendicularly along the road, every 30 meters, 35 meters from the road. MON-90 are installed 50 meters from each other, 45 meters from the trail.
OZM-72 all-round mines are installed in a “square”, 50 meters from each other (15 meters from the road in each direction). With this installation, 8 mines reliably hit the enemy over an area of 90x200 meters. OZM-72 is good because it is installed underground and cannot be visually detected. It “jumps out” when detonated and explodes at a height of one meter, providing a circular damage area with a radius of 30 meters. Installing a powerful directional mine MON-200 along the road is very effective. At a turn, it is convenient to place 2 mines and direct them along each side of the road. No matter where the enemy comes from, the explosion destroys all living things at a distance of 230 meters in both directions. This scheme is called “razor”. Near the road, you can install 3 MON-100 mines in the trees and direct one of them along the road, and the rest at an angle of 25 degrees on each side. As a result, an explosion “burns out” a corridor of 30x120 meters. When using the MON-90 mine in similar situation the dispersion sector of the lethal elements is wider, but the corridor is smaller - 60x70 m.

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War in the forest: survival and battle tactics. Combat tactics Combat tactics in the forest

In the forest, the far limit of fire contact is no more than 40-50 meters, provided the enemy is moving, since if the enemy has prepared an ambush, then it is quite possible not to notice him at all. Therefore, let's consider several situations.

Ambush