Kira Stoletova

In temperate climates, row mushrooms grow productively. They are found in all regions of Russia. When collecting, you need to know the exact description of the edible and inedible varieties.

Appearance and habitat

The mushroom row or talker forms fruiting bodies with a clearly defined division into a cap and a stalk. Representatives of the genus have a flat cap (this is typical for mature mushrooms, but in young ones it is hemispherical), with a lamellar hymenform, and differs in color in different species. The leg is long, cylindrical in shape.

Rowers are ground-based species of mushrooms. More often the mycelium chooses the soil next to coniferous trees. Individuals grow in small groups. They can form ring colonies - “witch circles”. There are many places where row trees grow: they are forest, meadow, grow in groves and even parks.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

It is important not to forget that most types of rows are mycorrhiza-formers, which as symbionts prefer representatives of coniferous tree species, most often choosing pine and less often larch, spruce and fir. Only rare species genus form mycorrhiza with deciduous trees(beech, oak, birch). The habitat chosen is poor sandy or calcareous soils of coniferous and mixed forests.

The genus received its name because of the “predilection” of representatives to grow in rows or groups. In some regions of the Russian Federation they are even called “mice”.

Geographically, the types of rows cover the whole of Russia. The species also grows in Crimea. Crimean mushrooms are actively collected from early spring until mid-winter due to the warm climate. The main time for fruiting of the genus is autumn, because it is the autumn fruiting bodies that reach their peak of fleshiness and quantity. Some species appear in the spring, while others bear fruit until the cold weather. The row mushroom combines many species, the description of which will be useful to every mushroom picker so as not to send false mushrooms to the basket and then to the plate.

Species diversity

Among the varieties of the variety there are edible, conditionally edible and poisonous fruits.

Edible species

• Earth row (earthen): in youth it has a bell-shaped cap, in adults it is spread out - up to 10 cm in diameter. The color of the cap is dark gray, the surface structure from a distance resembles a smoothed pile, the stem is white or light gray. On its surface, some representatives can see a “ring zone” - the remains of a private blanket. The pulp is whitish, dense with a pleasant floral aroma.
• The row is open-shaped, or bandaged: has a ring on the stem that divides not just the stem into parts, but its color: above the ring (almost under the cap) the color is white, but under the ring it is reddish-brown, matching the cap.

Description of the species:

1. The cap is up to 10 cm in diameter.
2. The color of the cap is brown, sometimes there are remnants of a film cover on it. The edges are uneven.
3. The pulp has a slight odor, fibrous, and bitter.
4. The plates are frequent, white-cream.

• Giant row: in representatives of this species the cap grows from 8 to 20 cm in diameter. It was also given the name gigantic row. The leg is up to 10 cm, the thickness is about 4 cm. The color of the cap is brown, the leg is white with brown patches. The pulp is dense, white. The species is classified as rare and is listed in the Red Book.

Irina Selyutina (Biologist):

The giant row is considered a mushroom that has quite good taste qualities. In cooking, it is used both pickled and salted, but before cooking it must be boiled for 20 minutes to remove the bitterness. The pulp of the mushroom contains the antibiotic clitocin, which has the ability to destroy pathogenic bacteria, as well as cancer cells.

On the territory of Russia, giant row is found in some regions (Krasnoyarsk Territory, Kirov and Leningrad region), where it forms mycorrhizae with coniferous trees. View prefers pine forests, but it can also be found in mixed forests Crimea.

• Golden row, or brown-yellow: has yellow or yellow-brownish, so-called. hygrophanic caps. For your information. The hygrophanous nature of the caps is their ability to retain water. There is a small depression in the middle. The color is uniform, but there are rust spots. The pulp is dense with a characteristic anise smell and a bitter aftertaste. Most sources consider it poisonous, and a few - conditionally edible. But fruiting bodies are always processed by soaking and cooking.
• Scaly row, or brownish, or sweetie or black-scaled: The color of the cap is reddish-brown or red-brown with scales. The leg is lighter, but with a uniform surface color. The shape of the leg is cylindrical, dense in young individuals, and with voids in adults. The scaly row has white-cream or brownish plates. The smell of the pulp is mealy. This species is classified as edible.
• Shod row: delicious look. Known as matsutake, pine mushroom, pine horns. Grows in the Far East, especially valued in Japan and China. In Russia they are found in the Urals, eastern Siberia, Amur and Khabarovsk regions. The search for fruiting bodies is made difficult by the foliage under which they hide. This mushroom has a cheesy, bitter taste and a pleasant anise smell. The peculiarity of the species is the leg planted deep into the soil. When harvesting the booted row, the fruiting bodies are dug out by hand to avoid damage. Description of the species:

1. Hat: up to 20 cm in diameter. The color is white-brown, the edge is uneven. The cap is thick, elastic, and has scales in the light areas. Hymenophore lamellar.
2. Leg: long, cylindrical. It tapers downward and is almost entirely in the soil. At the bottom there is a characteristic “stocking” with a “skirt”. He white with brown streaks, the “skirt” is also brown. Above the “skirt” the leg is white with small scales.
3. Pulp: white in color with a pleasant fruity aroma.

Matsutake is a whimsical species. It requires special soil and temperature conditions. Does not grow in one place for more than 10 years. The fruiting period is September-early October.

• Two-color row, or lilac-legged: edible species of the genus. Resistant to low temperatures, therefore late. Fruiting bodies are collected until severe frosts. The hat is pillow-shaped and dense to the touch. The color is gray-violet or yellow-gray. The leg is long and cylindrical. The color of the leg is the same as that of the cap, but there are bright purple furrows or inclusions. The plates are frequent, white or grayish in color. The pulp is white with a pleasant fruity smell.
• Bearded row: the species has weak gastronomic characteristics. Belongs to the group of conditionally edible. The appearance is the same as that of the scaly row, but there is a fringe of fibers along the edge of the cap. Bearded row has a mild smell and taste.
• Brown row: similar to other species of the genus, which have a dark brown cap color. But in the brown row it tends more towards red-brown or yellow-brown. Along the outer concave edge of the cap you can see vertical dark brown stripes. With increased humidity, mucus forms on the surface of the leg. The pulp is dense, the smell is mealy, and the taste is bitter.

• Lepista weed, or dirty (weed row, titmouse): The species belongs to the rowaceae, but is not yet sufficiently studied. Her hat is dark gray in color, sometimes with a purple tint. The size can reach 8 cm in diameter. The pulp is not fleshy, but thin and fragile. Very often the hats fade. They are often confused with the species purple row, but there is no danger: both mushrooms are edible.
• Green row, or greenfinch, or lemon: coloring fruiting body varies from greenish-yellow to light green. Sometimes there are bright yellow fruiting bodies. The color does not disappear during processing. In the center of the cap there is a dark gray spot covered with scales. Often cracks along the edge. The pulp is light lemon in color, darkens when scrapped, and has the smell of fresh flour. It only grows under coniferous species trees.
• The row is naked, or purple: it is collected in the autumn. The appearance repels mushroom pickers, because in nature, in particular, brightly colored fruits are usually poisonous, both in plants and in mushrooms. But this species is conditionally edible. It differs from the lilac-legged row in the uniform color of the cap and purple legs. The pulp has a pleasant anise smell. This species is classified as a typical saprophyte.

Mushroom caps come in different colors:

• Violet;
• Blue;
• Lilac;
• Pink;
• Redhead;
• Orange.

They also distinguish the types of trees with which they create mycorrhizae. According to this criterion, the row mushroom enters into a symbiotic relationship and forms mycorrhiza with the following types deciduous trees:

• Birch;
• Aspen;
• Alder.

However, row trees rarely form mycorrhiza with oak and prefer birch and conifers for these purposes. Delicious and juicy fruiting bodies grow under pine and aspen trees.

Inedible species

You need to be able to distinguish edible rows from inedible ones, because they cause intestinal disorders or poisoning.

• Fibrous row: The fruiting bodies of the species are considered inedible due to their pungent taste. Outwardly, it looks like gray row, which has the taste and smell of flour.
• Tiger row, or leopard print: very dangerous for humans, because can cause severe poisoning. The color of the cap is silver-blue with gray longitudinal scales. There is a convex tubercle in the middle. The plates are olive green. On the stem of mushrooms of the tiger row type, there is a characteristic powdery coating. The fruiting body deceives novice mushroom pickers with the pleasant smell of the pulp.
• Soap row: got its name because of the specific odor of the pulp, which is reminiscent of cheap soap. Mushrooms of this species have a hemispherical cap with a wavy edge. Along the outer circle its color is light gray, towards the center it darkens to the color of dark copper. The leg is gray, long. At the break the flesh turns red. When cooking bad smell is only getting stronger.
• The row is pointed, or mouse, or burning-sharp, or striped: outwardly similar to the earthy-gray row. It contains in the pulp a certain amount of muscarine, which is classified as a strong poison. But the main differences dangerous looking such:

1. Umbrella shape of the cap and a pointed prominence in the middle.
2. Bitter taste, mealy smell.
3. The color of the cap is uneven, sometimes with white patches. In wet weather, mucous surface.

• Spotted row, or ruined, or speckled: slightly poisonous species. Outwardly it looks like an edible one, but differs from the safe rows by small dark purple or gray spots on the cap closer to the edge. There is also mucus on the cap and the stalk is fibrous. It darkens when touched and when broken. If consumed, it may cause gastrointestinal upset.
• The row is smelly: In Russia, cases of poisoning by this species are known, although the habitat is limited to the Amur region:

1. The fruiting body of the species is completely white. The cap is spread out with a tubercle in the middle and uneven edges. A system of plates (hymenophores) fused with the cap.
2. The poisonous pulp has the smell of illuminating gas or tar, which is why the species received its name. The dangerous toxin causes auditory and visual hallucinations.

• Sultry spruce row: extremely similar to an edible greenfly. It has a dirty green-yellowish cap color. It is often confused with milk mushrooms, but they form mycorrhiza with deciduous trees, and sultry - only with representatives of coniferous species. Adults of this row have a funnel in the center of the cap.

Types of unknown etiology

Among the varieties of the mushroom genus Ryadovka, there are also unidentified ones that look like representatives of other families:

• Elm row: The species is similar in type of growth to honey mushrooms. They grow on fruit trees and have light or white-yellow caps. The scientific name is elm lyophyllum or elm oyster mushroom.
• Smoky talker: belongs to that family Oryadovaceae, but to a different genus - Govorushka.

Beneficial features

Representatives of different species belonging to the genus Ryadovka contain vitamins A, group B, PP, E. The pulp contains thiamine and riboflavin, as well as useful microelements calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, copper, phosphorus, zinc. Chitin and fiber contained in the cell walls cleanse the intestines of toxins.

Forest gifts are not a low-calorie product; they quickly fill you up. Per 100 g from 30 to 40 kcal. The pulp contains almost no fats and carbohydrates; most of the mass is occupied by water and protein. IN forest species contains all types of amino acids (including essential ones) that a person needs for normal life.

Row mushrooms when consumed regularly:

• strengthen the immune system;
• lower cholesterol levels in blood vessels;
• improve vision;
• work as antioxidants;
• lower blood sugar levels.

Application

Row mushrooms are widely used in cooking and medicine. But before using fruiting bodies for medicinal purposes, be sure to consult your doctor.

In cooking

Edible varieties of row mushrooms become bitter if not properly processed. It involves soaking in cold water within a few days. The water is drained regularly (2-3 times a day) and new water is added. Then the fruiting bodies are boiled for 20 minutes in salted water. As a result, the bitterness goes away.

Popular processing methods:

• salting for snacks;
• pickling;
• canning for the winter;
• some types are fried after boiling.

Drying row mushrooms is not advisable: the pulp without processing will be bitter and hard, and therefore not suitable for food. Fresh fruiting bodies are stored in the refrigerator for up to 3 days, salted ones for up to 3 months. Rows of deep-frozen and canned with sterilization are stored the longest without loss of quality and harm to health - up to 1 year.

In medicine

Ryadovka's beneficial properties are not limited to its attractive taste and the presence significant amount microelements and vitamins in the pulp. The usefulness of the genus for medicine lies in the possibility of using them to obtain antibiotics in the near future. Thus, substances from which antibiotics and antitumor substances will soon be obtained have been found in the pulp of matsutake.

Popularly, the species is considered useful for tuberculosis patients, but official medicine does not confirm the data. Also, tinctures from dried fruits are used as skin lotions. Ointments and infusions with mushroom extract have long been used for skin rejuvenation.

Contraindications

• people with stomach and gastrointestinal diseases;
• To old people;
• children under 7 years old;
• people with allergies or individual intolerances;
• Mycelium is planted in autumn at temperatures below +15℃.
• For better aeration, mushrooms need to be kept in order.
• To create the necessary conditions, the beds are protected from the sun and rain.
• When new mycelium forms, soil is added.
• After each harvest, it is necessary to add fresh soil.

Conclusion

There are edible and inedible row mushrooms. Sometimes it is difficult to determine whether a mushroom belongs to a particular species due to the external similarity of several species. If a mushroom picker is not sure about the quality or belonging to one of the edible species, he should not risk his health. Matsutake, which grows in the eastern regions of Russia, is considered a delicacy.

Rowers belong to the genus of ground agaric mushrooms from the family of the same name Rowaceae. Characteristics are colored caps with a scaly or fibrous surface, rather dense legs, as well as a very strong and pungent odor. Let's look at how different types of rows differ from each other and what features they have.

In nature, there are a huge number of varieties of rows, which differ significantly from each other in both appearance, and in properties. The list is quite large and includes about thirty items, including:

It should be borne in mind that among these species there are edible and poisonous rows. Therefore, when going into the forest to pick these mushrooms, it is important to learn to understand them well.

What do mushrooms look like?

For lovers mushroom dishes It is very important to have an idea of ​​what the rows look like, so as not to mistakenly send a dangerous poisonous specimen to your basket.

Depending on the species, these mushrooms can have different shapes and colors, so it is very important to know how to distinguish one variety from another.

The rows are edible, conditionally edible and poisonous. It is quite difficult for inexperienced mushroom pickers to determine the difference between them at first glance. Therefore, we will first consider those types of rows that can be collected without any fear.

One of the most popular varieties is edible row gray It is characterized by a cap diameter of 3 to 12 cm. The color of the cap is gray, in some cases with an olive or purple tint. Its shape may initially be slightly conical or convex, but becomes flatter over time. The edges are noticeably uneven or wavy. The stem of this type of mushroom can reach from 5 to 16 centimeters in height. Its color is usually white or slightly yellowish, in most cases with a powdery coating. The pulp has a fibrous structure and a faint odor.

Violet row belongs to the category of conditionally edible mushrooms. Young specimens are characterized by a bright and rich purple color, which over time begins to fade and turn pale. Like many other species, the cap has a slightly curved and wavy shape. Another one distinctive feature This type has a pleasant taste and aroma, somewhat similar to the aroma of anise. Like many other types of conditionally edible mushrooms, they must be processed according to all the rules before being harvested.

Another popular species is the poplar row, which belongs to the third category of edible mushrooms. This type of fungus got its name due to its ability to form mycorrhiza (symbiosis) with poplar roots. Its cap is spherical and quite fleshy with slightly curled edges - its diameter can vary from 6 to 12 cm. Its color is very interesting, since it varies from gray-reddish shades to olive-brown. As the mushroom grows, uneven cracks begin to form on the edges of the cap. The color of the pulp of this fruit is whitish, and directly under the cap it is reddish.

Where do they grow?

It is important for anyone interested in preparing delicious mushroom dishes to know where the rows grow. They are most often found in types of areas characterized by sandy soils covered with moss. They grow mainly in coniferous forests and pine forests, which is why they are often called pine trees. In addition, rows often grow in parks and gardens. The very name of these mushrooms suggests that they grow in rows, which are often quite long.

It should be borne in mind that representatives of different varieties of rows prefer different habitats. For example, Mayweed can be found not only in coniferous forests, but also in deciduous forests, as well as in meadows and fields.

When can I collect?

Another important question that interests everyone who would like to cook something tasty from these mushrooms is when to collect the rows. The very first mushrooms begin to appear in May, but the bulk of the harvest is usually harvested from the beginning of August to the end of October.

Experienced mushroom pickers prefer such types of this mushroom as gray, red, and crowded rows. Using these fruits, you can prepare many delicious dishes. They can be fried, pickled or salted, however, before starting cooking, it is imperative to pre-process them:

1. Carefully remove the skin from the caps,
2. Rinse each fruit thoroughly under running water.

It is necessary to rinse very carefully, since tiny grains of sand and debris can become clogged between the plates in the cracks.

Edible and inedible: how to distinguish

Even before you start harvesting mushrooms, it is important to understand how to distinguish between edible and inedible rows.

Fortunately, most varieties are edible and completely safe. These include:

Each of these types is characterized by individual properties and characteristics.

May row is characterized by a creamy color that begins to turn white over time. White plates, on the contrary, turn gray over time. In terms of its taste and aromatic properties, the pulp of this mushroom resembles fresh flour.

The twisted row is quite easy to recognize. Often these mushrooms grow together so closely that separating them from each other becomes very problematic. This explains their characteristic name. The cap of this variety is fleshy, but at the same time brittle. The grayish-brown pulp has an elastic and fibrous texture, a pronounced floury smell, as well as a delicate and pleasant taste that will not leave any gourmet indifferent.

Earthy row is quite widely used in the cooking of many European countries. The color of the cap can vary from gray to grayish-brown. Its pulp has a dense texture and white color. Pronounced taste and aromatic properties are not typical for it.

Poplar row is one of the largest species. Its color is predominantly yellowish or terracotta with noticeable lightened edges. The dense pulp is usually whitish in color.

As for inedible varieties, these include:

• brown;
• white;
• leopard print

Eating them leads to serious poisoning, so take special care when harvesting mushrooms.

Poisonous row: how to identify it

The poisonous rower poses a huge danger, some of the species of which are in many ways similar in appearance to edible specimens. The gray row is poisonous, containing a toxic substance, which contributes to the occurrence of stomach disorders in severe forms.

The white poisonous row, which has a dull and inconspicuous gray-white color, has a similar effect. Young individuals have practically no odor, but over time something very unpleasant begins to appear, reminiscent of the musty smell of stale radishes.

Some other varieties of toxic rows, unfortunately, have an odor that is almost no different from the smell of edible specimens, so you need to Special attention devote external signs. One of them is the tiger or leopard line, a characteristic spotted color.

There are many types of rows. It is very important to learn to distinguish between safe and toxic if you want to prepare delicious mushroom dishes.

Most people avoid them. Even experienced mushroom pickers do not always risk collecting such forest trophies, for fear of confusing them with. Further in the article we will talk about the features and characteristics of the yellow-brown row, the places where it can be found, and useful properties Oh.

Edibility

Yellow-brown rows are considered by botanists to be conditionally edible mushrooms. They can be eaten boiled, fried, stewed, and even in forms. Many people love similar dishes in combination with puree from and. Also, snacks and all kinds of salads are prepared from these forest fruits without prior boiling.

Important! Poisonous trees are not hallucinogens. In case of poisoning, general weakness, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, gastrointestinal pain and diarrhea are observed. Symptoms of poisoning appear after 1.5-3 hours.

According to experienced mushroom pickers, row mushrooms are inferior in taste to many of their counterparts. This is due to the slight bitter taste of the fruiting body inherent in old trophies. If you haven’t found any young fungi and are tempted by the appetizing appearance of a mature row, be sure to soak the harvested crop overnight. Experts associate the cause of bitterness in the taste with the formation of mycorrhiza under. Despite this drawback, the mushroom is often featured as a major nutritional component in various diets. His chemical composition is very close to meat products, and the calorie content of a hundred-gram serving is equal to a cup of broth (20 kcal). Nutritionists advise combining rows with durum pasta and rice porridge for better absorption of carbohydrates.

In its raw form, the forest product can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 3 days. If you salt it or freeze it, the shelf life will last up to six months. And in dried or canned form, the product will not deteriorate even after a year.

Did you know? Adherents of natural face and body care products use yellow-brown row to treat acne and normalize the functioning of the sebaceous glands. To do this, the dried fruit body is ground into powder and added to traditional masks.

Synonyms and popular name

In the scientific literature, this type of mushroom is designated as yellow-brown row (Tricholoma fulvum). There is an opinion that the name comes from the property of mycosis-forming organisms with a specific cap color to be located in a row or in large groups.
In addition, in the process of studying, the Swedish botanist Elias Magnus and the American mycologist Charles Horton Peck introduced many botanical synonyms. If you show interest and want to learn more from specialized sources about the differences between these mushrooms, pay attention to following titles:

• Agaricus flavobrunneus;
• Agaricus fulvus;
• Agaricus nictitans;
• Callistosporium marginatum;
• Clitocybe marginata;
• Gyrophila fulva;
• Monadelphus marginatus;
• Tricholoma flavobrunneum;
• Tricholoma nictitans.

In everyday life, yellow-brown rows are often called orange, brown and red-brown. All these names are associated with shades of the mushroom cap. In addition, the name “plantain” is rarely found, due to the wide distribution of the species.

Did you know? One of the types of rows - matsutake - is highly valued in Japanese cuisine. A restaurant portion of the delicacy in the Land of the Rising Sun is estimated at approximately $150.

Botanical description

The yellow-brown row is easily recognized among other varieties of this genus by its high stem. But this is not the main landmark that you should pay attention to during a quiet hunt. Let's take a closer look at this mushroom.

hat

This part of the mushroom often confuses inexperienced foragers. And all because it can be of various shapes: from flattened and widely spread to a convex cone-shaped one. But in any case, a low tubercle should clearly appear in the center of the cap. Due to this unpredictable shape, the diameter of the cap varies from 3 to 15 centimeters.

Its adhesive surface is characterized by a rich yellow-brown color. Sometimes it can take on a reddish tint. The edges are always lighter than the center. During the rainy season, the cap becomes covered with a specific gloss. And when dried it has a fibrous structure. On overripe specimens it becomes scaly.

When cutting such a trophy, you will see a dense, medium-fleshy structure of a rich yellow color(sometimes with brown impurities). The edible mushroom has a powdery odor and a bitter taste.

Leg

Its length can reach 15 centimeters, and its thickness can be up to 2 centimeters. It has a regular cylindrical shape (sometimes it can expand at the base), a dense, highly fibrous structure and a dry, smooth surface, identical in color to the cap. During the rainy season, stickiness appears on the stem.

Important! Mushrooms are difficult to digest, therefore they are contraindicated for people with diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and gall bladder. With abundant consumption, even in absolutely healthy person Indigestion may occur.

Records

This part of the yellow-brown row differs from its poisonous counterparts in its light yellow or yellow-cream color. Sometimes brown dots and jagged edges appear on the hymenophore of mature mushrooms. In young specimens, the plates are densely adherent and may be densely or sparsely spaced.

Seasonality and places of growth

Rows are not at all uncommon. The yellow-brown variety is often found in deciduous plantings, as well as under coniferous trees. Mushrooms form a symbiosis with, beeches,. They are found singly and in large groups.

The mushroom season begins in August and lasts until mid-September.

Important! The main difference between poisonous rows and edible ones is the fetid odor, flat shape and white color of the caps.

What mushrooms can be confused with

Nowadays, botanists know about a hundred species of mushrooms from the genus Ryadovka. Therefore, it is easy to make mistakes when collecting such trophies. Even experienced mushroom pickers often confuse the yellow-brown variety with:

Benefits and harms

To judge the benefits or harm of these forest gifts, it is enough to analyze their chemical composition.

It contains:

• polysaccharides;
• phenols;
• flavonoids;
• clitocin and fomecin;
• ergosterol;
• sodium;
• phosphorus;
• zinc;
• manganese;
• calcium;
• iron;
• potassium;
• retinol;
• ascorbic acid;
• B vitamins;
• nicotinamide;
• betaine;
• phylloquinone;
• ergocalciferol;
• cholecalciferol;
• amino acids (lysine, threonine, alanine, phenylalanine, glutamic, aspartic, stearic).

The rows got their name for a reason: they grow in rows or large groups. These fruiting bodies can be found throughout the Russian Federation in the temperate forest zone. It is known that all types of rows are autumn mushrooms. Among them there are both edible and inedible and even poisonous representatives. Experienced mushroom pickers greatly value rows of mushrooms, because they have high taste qualities and also lend themselves well to various processes processing. However, first of all, you need to know what this or that type of fruiting body looks like.

Yellow-brown rower is a fairly common lamellar mushroom belonging to the Rowadovaceae family. It is classified as conditionally edible, but there are sources that call this fruiting body inedible and even poisonous.

Below is a photo and description of the yellow-brown row.

Latin name: Tricholoma fulvum.

Family: Ordinary.

Synonyms: Tricholoma flavobrunneum, row yellow-brown, brown-yellow, red-brown, brown. Popularly, this type of mushroom is also called plantain and honey fungus.

Doubles: are missing.

Hat: diameter 4-10 cm, sometimes there are specimens with a 15-centimeter cap. The shape is rounded-conical, with age it becomes spread out and wavy, with a tubercle visible in the center. In young specimens, the edges of the caps are turned inward, while in older specimens they are wrinkled. Pay attention to the yellow-brown color of the cap, shown in the photo:

As you can see, its color is quite beautiful - yellow-orange, red-brown or reddish, the shade is always darker in the center. Upon contact, the surface of the cap feels smooth and dry, but in wet weather it becomes shiny and slippery.

Leg: tall, up to 15 cm, fibrous, dense, dry, smooth. The color is similar to the shade of the cap, and when wet, the surface becomes sticky.

Pulp: dense, medium fleshy, white or yellowish in color. The smell is mealy, faint, almost unnoticeable, the taste is bitter. The flesh of the leg is fibrous, white or yellowish in color.

Records: very wide, notched-adherent, often or sparsely located. According to the description of the yellow-brown row, the color of its plates is light or cream; a slight yellow tint may be observed. With age, they become completely brown or covered with spots of the corresponding color.

Edibility: a conditionally edible mushroom of category 4, but those who have tried it note an unpleasant bitterness in the pulp.

Similarities and differences: Mushroom pickers without experience may confuse the yellow-brown “beauty” with the poplar row (Tricholoma populinum), a conditionally edible species of mushroom. However, the latter has a thicker stem, white plates and grows mainly near poplars.

Spreading: North America, western and eastern parts of Europe, Central and Northern Russia, the Urals and Far East. The yellow-brown row mushroom prefers deciduous and mixed forests. It grows in clusters from August to October. Fruiting is always abundant, the fruiting body itself tolerates drought well.

Golden row: photo, description and distribution

Golden row (Tricholoma auratum)– an edible mushroom of low quality, the peculiarity of which is the release of droplets of juice. It is very easy to identify this fruiting body; many experienced mushroom pickers claim that it is almost impossible to confuse it with other species.

The following description and photo of the golden row will help you understand the appearance and characteristics of its growth.

Latin name: Tricholoma auratum.

Family: Ordinary.

Hat: from 6 to 10 cm in diameter, convex with rolled edges. As it matures, the cap becomes spread out with a tubercle in the center. The surface has a characteristic orange-yellow color, and a darker brown-orange area is noticeable in the center. With the onset of rain, you can observe how the surface of the cap becomes slimy and slippery.

Leg: has a pronounced zone of reddish-orange scales. In addition, the stem of the golden row mushroom secretes droplets of juice, which is its characteristic feature.

Pulp: dense, white, has a weak floury aroma and a strong bitter taste.

Records: rare, thin, white.

Edibility: is classified as a low-quality edible mushroom, but due to its bitter pulp it is considered inedible and poisonous looking low toxicity.

Spreading: the whole territory temperate zone northern hemisphere.

The photo shows that the golden row grows in groups in coniferous and mixed forests. Also, this type of fruiting body prefers lime-rich soils, sometimes growing alone. The mushroom picking season begins in July and lasts until October.

Water-spotted rower (Lepista gilva) or brown-yellow talker (Clitocybe gilva)

According to some sources, waterspotted row (Lepista gilva) is considered an edible or conditionally edible species, while some foreign sources call it poisonous. However, most mycologists agree that this mushroom is still edible, but is little valued due to the low quality of taste. In this regard, the water-spotted row or brown-yellow talker is, as a rule, rarely collected today.

Latin name: Lepista gilva.

Family: Ordinary.

Synonyms: brown-yellow talker, brown-yellow rower, Paralepista gilva, Clitocybe gilva.

Hat: quite large, 4-10 cm in diameter, sometimes reaching 15 cm, flat, with a slightly noticeable tubercle in the center. Old specimens have a funnel-shaped cap, its edges remain tucked in all the time. The color is variable, often indefinite, brown-leathery, yellow-orange, reddish, brown-yellow. Over time, the surface may fade to a creamy, almost white color, often with rusty spots.

Rowers are mushrooms of autumn fruiting, growing from September to November. Distributed in the forest temperate zone of the Russian Federation. The peak of growth occurs in early autumn and continues until the first half of October.

Among all the rows, the most popular are purple, lilac-legged, crowded and giant look. The lilac-legged row is recognized as the best in taste. But among all specimens there are edible and inedible rows.

Purple row: photo and description

This species belongs to the family: rower, also called blue tit, blue tit and blue tit. Late-season rowing has excellent taste. Description of the mushroom:

1. The diameter of the hat ranges from 4 to 20 cm, it has curved thin edges and is slightly convex in shape. The surface is damp and smooth. The main color is violet, but has dark, brown and purple shades. There is a bright brownish-purple color present in the middle of the hat.
2. The plates are densely arranged and have a purple color. Later they may change color to pale lilac and light purple.
3. The structure of the mushroom is dense. After some time, the row changes to a light purple color.
4. The leg is fleshy with a cylindrical shape, with a thickening at the base. Size: 3-10*0.7-3 cm.

The mushroom contains a high percentage of ergosterol, stearic acid and vitamin B1, so it is effective in medicinal use.

Medicinal properties

In an experiment on laboratory animals, it was determined that the purple rower has the ability suppress sarcoma-180 in 90% of cases, as well as the rest cancer. For example, it copes with Ehrlich carcinoma in 100% of cases. It is capable of exerting a cytotoxic effect on tumor cells along the L-1210 line. It has a negative effect on the development of Walker 256 sarcoma and MCF-7 breast cancer.

Has an antibacterial effect and affects gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Suppresses and eliminates fungal activity, for example: Candida albicans. With regular use, the concentration of glucose in the blood decreases. Due to the vitamins contained in the mushroom, it is used to treat beriberi disease. Today, scientists are developing a dietary medicine that is intended to control hypoglycemia.

In addition to the beneficial properties of treating serious diseases, the mushroom improves immunity and eliminates inflammatory processes. Has an effective effect against influenza viruses.

Chinese traditional healers It is recommended to use the purple row frequently, due to this, stability increases nervous system, blood sugar levels stabilize, the spleen becomes healthy.

This type of mushroom belongs to the edible category and does not require pre-boiling. Used for various dishes, fillings and salads.

The purple row is located to strong absorption of toxic elements. It ranks third in the absorption of cadmium, tin, mercury and copper. It is not recommended to collect in places such as industrial areas, parks and other places with high pollution.

The mycelium of the violet row initially has a light blue color, but after some time it acquires its characteristic color - purple.

Lilac-legged rower

The mushroom belongs to the family: rowaceae. Other names: blueleg, goose and two-color row. Description of the mushroom:

This variety belongs to the edible mushrooms. It can grow in various areas: near residential buildings, near farms, in pastures and lawns, in shelterbelts and forests. The distribution environment of the fungus is the temperate forest-steppe of Russia. Fruits from July to October.

In appearance it is similar to the purple row. Can only be distinguished by their distribution environment and lighter color.

From a medical point of view, the mushroom has high antioxidant activity.

From a culinary point of view, mushrooms have excellent taste. Can be consumed without prior boiling. Used for various salads and soups.

Giant rows

They belong to the family: ordinary. Other names: giant pig and white giant pig. Description of the mushroom:

Distribution environment: meadows, pastures, near roads, forest edges, clearings and the entire temperate zone of Russia. Mainly distributed on the Crimean Peninsula. Fruiting occurs in July-October.

Medicinal properties

Mushroom contains clitocin, this antibiotic is capable of eliminating many pathogenic bacteria, for example: Salmonella typhi and others. Medicine has revealed the ability to eliminate cervical cancer. In addition, the mushroom contains flavonoid and phenol.

This species is edible and is consumed only when fresh. The recommended decoction time is 20 minutes, and the liquid should be salty. When picking, avoid old mushrooms because they have a bitter taste.

Belongs to the rowan family. Other names: group row and crowded lyophyllum. Description of the mushroom:

Many mushroom pickers have encountered crowded rows, but not everyone knows what kind of variety it is. They can be found near roads, in yards, they grow on lawns and even in flower beds. They grow mainly in huge columns; the soil must be equipped with humus. Distribution environment: Far East, southern Siberia and the European part of Russia. Fruiting is infrequent and begins in August and ends in November. But if at the edge of the forest you come across at least one crowded row, then their number will be large.

Medicinal properties

The row is valued due to its immunostimulating and anticancer actions. It is from this mushroom that at least 10 polysaccharides have been isolated, which include lyophyllan A. It has a suppressive effect on sarcoma in 100% of cases, preventing it from developing.

The crowded row contains a large number of macrophagocytes. If you grind the mushroom into a powder and use it systematically, the level of cholesterol in the blood may decrease; in addition, insulin and sugar decrease. In medicine it is used mostly for antidiabetic drugs.

This mushroom is edible. It does not need to be boiled first. It can be cooked with different dishes, but it cannot be dried.

This is interesting! Crowded rows are used in Asian medical industries for the manufacture of antidiabetic and immunostimulating drugs.

Row yellow

Belongs to the rowan family. It has another name - decorated row. Description of the mushroom:

The taste is rather bitter, but edible and has a pleasant woody aroma. They grow in small groups, mainly on dilapidated old trees.

List of inedible mushrooms

Among the edible rows There are also inedible varieties which are not recommended for consumption. Scroll: