In accordance with Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN) 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical and preventive institutions", all healthcare waste is divided according to the degree of its epidemiological, toxicological and radiation hazard into five hazard classes:

Class A. Non-hazardous waste from health care institutions

Waste that does not come into contact with biological fluids of patients, infectious patients, non-toxic waste. Food waste from all departments of all departments of medical and preventive institutions (HCI), except for infectious diseases (including dermatovenerological and phthisiological institutions). Furniture, equipment, faulty diagnostic equipment that do not contain toxic elements. Uninfected paper, construction waste, etc.

Class B. Hazardous (risky) waste from medical institutions

Potentially non-infectious waste. Materials and instruments contaminated with secretions, including blood. Pathological waste. Organic surgical waste (organs, tissues, etc.). All waste from infectious diseases departments, incl. food. Waste from microbiological laboratories working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups 3-4. Biological waste from vivariums.

Class B. Extremely hazardous waste from health care institutions

Materials that come into contact with patients with particularly dangerous infections. Waste from laboratories working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups 1-4. Waste from phthisiatric and mycological hospitals. Waste from patients with anaerobic infection.

Class G. Waste from medical institutions, similar in composition to industrial waste

Expired medicines, waste from medicines and diagnostic products, disinfectants that cannot be used, with an expired expiration date. Cytostatics (drugs that block cell division, used mainly in oncology) and other chemicals. Mercury-containing items, devices and equipment.

Class D. Radioactive waste from medical institutions

All types of waste containing radioactive components.

Depending on their class, healthcare waste is subject to different requirements for collection, temporary storage and transportation.

Class A waste is collected in reusable containers or disposable bags. Disposable bags are placed on special carts or inside reusable bins. Filled reusable containers or disposable bags are delivered to the installation sites of (inter)hull containers and reloaded into containers intended for the collection of waste of this class. Reusable containers must be washed and disinfected after collection and emptying.

Bulky waste of this class is collected in special bins for bulky waste. Surfaces and aggregates of bulky waste that have had contact with infected material or patients are subject to mandatory disinfection.

Class A waste can be disposed of at regular solid waste disposal sites.

Class B waste after mandatory disinfection (by immersion in a disinfectant solution prepared in a container specially designated for this purpose) is collected in disposable sealed packaging.

Soft packaging (disposable bags) is fixed on special racks (trolleys).

After the bag is filled approximately 3/4, the air is removed from it and the employee responsible for waste collection in this medical unit seals it. Removing air and sealing the disposable bag is done using a gauze bandage and rubber gloves.

Organic waste generated in operating rooms, laboratories, microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines, virologically hazardous material after disinfection are collected in disposable solid sealed packaging.

Sharps instruments (needles, feathers) that have undergone disinfection are collected separately from other types of waste in disposable solid packaging.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in disposable packaging after it has been sealed.

In designated locations, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter-hull) containers intended for collecting Class B waste.

Class B waste is collected after mandatory disinfection in disposable packaging. Soft packaging (disposable bags) must be mounted on special racks (carts).

After the bag is filled approximately 3/4, the air is removed from it and the employee responsible for waste collection in this medical unit seals it in compliance with safety requirements for pathogens of pathogenicity groups 1-2.

Microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines should be collected in disposable, solid, sealed packaging.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in disposable packaging after it has been sealed.

In designated areas, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter-hull) containers intended for the collection of class B waste.

Waste of classes B and C is destroyed in special installations for the neutralization of waste from healthcare facilities using thermal methods.
Rules for collecting Class G waste depend on the toxicity class.

Used fluorescent lamps, mercury-containing devices and equipment are collected in closed, sealed containers. After filling, the containers are sealed and stored in auxiliary rooms. They are exported by specialized enterprises on contractual terms.

The collection and storage of cytostatics belonging to waste of toxicity classes 1-2 is carried out in accordance with the classifier of toxic industrial waste and other current regulatory documents.

Class G waste, belonging to toxicity classes 2 and 3 in accordance with the classification of toxic industrial waste, is collected and packaged in hard packaging, class 4 - in soft packaging.

Disposal of class G waste is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the procedure for accumulation, transportation, neutralization and disposal of toxic industrial waste.

Collection, storage, disposal of class D waste is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, radiation safety standards, and other applicable regulatory documents, which regulate the handling of radioactive substances.

Healthcare waste treatment methods can be divided into two groups.

Elimination methods:

Disposal at a special landfill, without disinfection, for example, at a toxic waste site;

Disinfection with chemical or by physical methods and storage at solid waste landfills;

Incineration followed by disposal of combustion residues.

Disposal methods(reuse and reuse). Recycling methods, in addition to economic goals, are aimed at limiting the adverse impact of human activities on the environment.

Disinfection of waste involves ensuring the biological safety of the material after its processing and destruction by thermal, radiation or other physicochemical effects.

The following disinfection technologies are distinguished: combustion (ashing); sterilization in an autoclave (steam sterilization); chemical disinfection; pyrolysis; laser processing; microwave disinfection; plasma technology, etc.

The latest WHO recommendations are based on the rejection of the use of technologies associated with chemical disinfection, and the optimal technologies for the neutralization of waste from health care facilities are suggested to be thermal disinfection technologies, with particular emphasis on autoclaving methods.

Chemical neutralization

Disinfection (disinfection) of epidemiologically hazardous waste from medical treatment institutions is carried out using disinfectants registered in the prescribed manner. The combination of mechanical grinding with the method of chemical disinfection of potentially infected and infected hazardous medical waste promotes more complete penetration of disinfectants into the thickness of the waste, which increases the reliability and efficiency of disinfection.

It is most widespread in Russia. It is used due to the very limited distribution of thermal waste disinfection (in 2007, there were only 263 installations for the thermal destruction of medical waste in health care facilities).

Flaws:

When performing disinfection operations, staff often experience allergic reactions and skin lesions;

Little changes appearance waste, which does not guarantee their exclusion from reuse(up to illegal sale);

The complete destruction of a possible infectious origin is not guaranteed due to the uneven penetration of the disinfectant and the varying sensitivity of some microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs;

When burying waste treated with chemical disinfectants, there is a risk of environmental contamination with compounds, mainly chlorine (a group of chlorine-containing preparations is more often used to disinfect waste);

The specific costs of disinfectants (per ton of waste), as well as the costs of preventing possible environmental damage, significantly exceed similar costs for other disinfection methods.

Thermal neutralization

Thermal treatment includes combustion (the term “incineration” is also used, from incinerate - to burn, incinerate), plasma methods, thermolysis and pyrolysis.

Medical waste incinerators, pyrolysis plants, gasification and plasma technologies use high-temperature processes, which, as a result of chemical and physical transformations, lead to the destruction and decomposition of both organic and inorganic fractions included in the waste.

Autoclaves

In Russia, combined type installations are popular, combining a grinder and a steam sterilizer. By loading the original unsorted waste of class B or C, the user receives crushed, unidentifiable and sterile waste of class A.

The process does not have by-products and emissions that pollute the atmosphere, water and land resources, i.e. environmentally friendly.

As a result of steam treatment, all known types of microorganisms die and the waste loses the ability to be reused due to its mechanical destructuring.

Assistive technology

This is a technique that can participate in the process of disposal of hazardous waste, but by itself is not capable of providing the entire chain from its formation to the receipt of a safe product. These are grinders of various kinds, standard steam sterilizers, as well as destructors of injection needles.

Destructors are designed to destroy needles immediately after injection, without removing them from the syringe, which significantly reduces injury to personnel.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

In the generally accepted concept, recycling is the safe destruction of any object or item for the purpose of its further processing and use of a secondary resource. The same applies to car recycling. If a car cannot be used for its intended purpose, then it must be properly destroyed. This is necessary to ensure that the materials from which it is made do not harm the environment and can subsequently be recycled and reused.

For example:

• Metal parts of vehicles are melted down to produce metal alloys. Scrap metal is known to be a valuable source for the automotive and metallurgical industries;
• automobile glass is turned into glass wool, filtering and abrasive materials, used in the production of reflectors and in road construction;
• plastic, which makes up about 10 percent of a car's weight, finds its secondary use in the iron and steel industry, the production of building materials and packaging;
• Automobile rubber, after processing, is used for the manufacture of rubber asphalts (we see them mainly at railway crossings), sports coatings, floor mats, conveyor belts, as well as for the manufacture of modern roofing and soundproofing materials. In cement production, automobile rubber is used to produce fuel that prevents harmful emissions into the atmosphere due to high temperatures melting;
• technical auto fluids pose the greatest danger to the environment, especially to soil and water. Their technological processing consists of regeneration (purification and production of new materials with similar chemical properties), as well as their use as an alternative fuel in various industries. Some automobile fluids are burned in a special way, without harm to humans and nature.

Thus, each scrapped car can bring a lot of benefit and gain many new “lives”.

Reasons for car recycling

How to scrap a car? What reasons should there be for this?

There are the following reasons on the basis of which a vehicle can and should be disposed of:

• your vehicle is badly worn out, old or cannot be restored after a traffic accident;
• your vehicle is stolen and all hope is gone that it will be found and returned to you. In this case, you will have to set out in writing the details of the theft and search actions and declare your desire to receive certificates for the remaining parts, documents and numbers (if any remain);
• After the sale, your vehicle was not re-registered to the new owner within the required time frame. Respectively, transport tax and fines continue to come in your name, and new owner does not make contact.

Step-by-step recycling procedure

How to dispose of a car in 2020 within the framework of current Russian legislation? The vehicle recycling procedure includes physical and legal rejection. Moreover, these two constituent elements can be applied to the car both jointly and separately. For example, if a car is worn out or irreparably damaged, but as an object physically exists and is in the possession of the car owner, then he is first required to take legal action to reject it, and then you can think about scrapping it. And if the car is not physically there, for example, it is stolen or is in the possession of another person who is not documented to be its owner, then we are only talking about the fact that disposal will occur only from a legal point of view, on paper.

In one case or another legal order The actions will be as follows:

1. The person who owns the vehicle personally visits the State Traffic Inspectorate office in order to declare in writing his desire to carry out the disposal procedure and explains the reason for his decision. Depending on the reason, you need to submit explanatory notes addressed to the head of the traffic police MREO.
2. The car owner receives a certificate of completed legal action - deregistration of the vehicle for the purpose of disposal.

List of required documents

If the car can no longer be used for its intended purpose due to physical unfitness, was stolen or is in the possession of a third party who, after purchasing (or donating) the vehicle, did not re-register it in his name, then the owner of the vehicle must submit the following documents to the traffic police:

• personal passport as a document confirming the identity of the owner of the vehicle;
• a written application to deregister the vehicle (required indicating the reasons for your decision);
• an explanatory note addressed to the head of the territorial department of the State Traffic Inspectorate about the reasons for disposal;
• car documents (STS, PTS, car alienation agreement, state registration numbers) if available. If there are no documents on hand, for example, the car was stolen along with papers for it, then this fact must be described in an explanatory note. You also need to write that if you find them, you undertake to return them to the traffic police. If the contracts under which the car was sold are lost, you can order an extract from the register from the same traffic police department, which will indicate the data of the contract.

Inspection of vehicles during disposal for the above reasons is not carried out!

What to do if the owner of the car decided that his “iron friend” can no longer drive on the roads, but can bring some income from selling it in parts? This question quite often arises among car owners who have lost their car as a result of an accident, do not see the point in restoring it, but at the same time have the opportunity to make money on intact and working parts of the car.

To deregister such a car, the owner of the vehicle, in addition to the generally accepted package of documents, will have to submit mandatory documents for the car: its passport, certificate and two state documents. sign, pay the state duty, and ensure delivery of the released units (engine, body, etc.) for inspection to the traffic police. At the same time, in the application and explanatory note you must list all the parts that you plan to sell and be sure to declare your desire to obtain certificates for all parts of the car. In practice, it is necessary to obtain certificates only for those parts that have personal identification numbers. As a rule, vehicle owners receive documents only for the engine, since registration papers are required when selling or buying it. As a result of such actions, the car owner must receive an extract from the register and certificates for the released units.

If there are no documents for the car, license plate or the car itself

How to hand over a car for recycling if you don’t have any documents on it, and you don’t even have the car itself? This usually occurs as a result of theft, physical destruction (for example, the car burned down or drowned) of the car along with the documents that were inside it. This situation also happens after its alienation (sale or donation), and the new owner refuses to re-register the vehicle in his name. Rejection of a car and legal actions to deregister it can be carried out without submitting the original documents for the car and inspecting it. To carry out legal measures for its documentary destruction, the owner’s personal passport, an application and a written explanation of the reason are sufficient.

However, if there are documents, then it is better to submit them (even if the documents are not all available or they are damaged). This will save the applicant from the mass controversial issues on the part of employees in uniform, and will ensure the smooth implementation of the intended goal.

Disposal cost

The state service of deregistering a car is provided free of charge. The state duty is charged only for issuing a certificate for released units (for selling vehicles in parts). It is 200 rubles per document.

From the moment a car is deregistered, it has no right to move under its own power on the roads. Therefore, if you decide to scrap it at a special collection point or use the state recycling program, then its delivery to the final station can only be carried out by tow truck. Its cost is paid according to the rates in your city.

You should also take into account that there is such a thing as . For all cars purchased before 2012 in the Russian Federation, it is considered automatically paid. And when you hand over the car to a specialized vehicle recycling point, no fee will be charged. Owners of all other cars must pay this fee independently and according to the price list of the selected company.

Is it possible to return a car from scrap?

Some car enthusiasts want to know: is it possible to restore their registration rights to a car after it has been deregistered due to disposal? The answer to this question is regulated by paragraph 13 of the Rules of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on registration actions with vehicles:

• in the event that the car is deregistered with the traffic police due to disposal, but has not yet been physically disposed of, then it is possible to restore the registration rights to it;
• and if a car is deregistered and physically scrapped, then it is impossible to restore its registration.

State recycling program

Almost 8 years ago, a current model for supporting the domestic automobile industry appeared in our country - a vehicle recycling program. This program is also designed to improve the overall state of the environment and reduce the number of old, dangerous cars on our roads.

Any car owner can enter the program if he owns a car weighing up to 3.5 tons, for more than 1 year, and its age is more than 10 years. For many people, surrender old car scrapped and receiving a discount on the purchase of a new car became the fulfillment of the dream of a new car. Current list machines that can be purchased under this state program are constantly updated and are located on the website of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

Initially, the program was planned for a period of 1 year (calendar 2010), then it was extended until the end of 2011. However, the rapidly declining demand in the automotive market in Russia predetermined the resumption of the program from 2014 to the present.

How do you know if a car has been scrapped?

If you know the VIN number of any car (not even necessarily your own, for example, before purchasing) and have access to the Internet, then using the official website of the traffic police you can find out the entire history of registration actions with it completely free of charge. At the same time, for the purposes of safety and confidentiality of citizens, the report will indicate the periods of ownership of the vehicle without indicating names and surnames.

A similar check can be carried out by residents of the capital and its environs on the Autocode website. RU". This specialized service reflects data on theft, disposal, arrests, pledges, as well as taxi operations of those cars that are registered in the Moscow region. You can purchase and receive a detailed report in electronic form.

You can also check the car directly by requesting information from the State Traffic Inspectorate. This is possible only on behalf of the owner of the vehicle and in writing.

Conclusion

The characteristics of vehicles are becoming more and more advanced, and new cars are displacing old ones from the consumer market. Without the recycling process, cars could very quickly take up all the available space. In today's article you will learn how to recycle a car.

Having served its allotted time, and sometimes more, the car becomes a real burden for the owner: the vehicle can no longer work in normal mode, maintenance is too expensive, and transport tax still needs to be paid. Therefore, many motorists prefer to take advantage of the offer of the state recycling program.

Recycling a car is the safe destruction of a car. However, this process is quite complex and involves the complete disassembly of the vehicle into its constituent components (parts), which are then sorted and sent for recycling.

The recycling process consists of several stages:

1. Dismantling of rubber products and glass.
2. Cleaning the interior: seats, electronics, and plastic products are removed.
3. Dismantling electrical equipment, draining technical fluids.
4. Pressing and further melting of metal parts.

The recycling process not only helps prevent ecological disaster, but also significantly improve road safety.

Main reasons

The state is primarily in favor of recycling. The main reasons for the program are:

• environmental safety and care for the environment;
• economic interests in the development of the domestic automotive industry: it is assumed that the recycling of old cars should contribute to the growth of sales of new domestic cars.

On the part of the second subject, the recycling participant (the car owner), the main reason is the need for expensive and frequent maintenance.

Procedure

The procedure for scrapping a car itself is not complicated, but it is troublesome and will take time. To make everything go quickly and smoothly, use the following tips regarding the algorithm of actions.

Deregistration of a car

The procedure begins with deregistration of the car with the traffic police. To do this, you need to contact the department with a complete package of documents and write an application. A sample application will be given to you directly at the department. List of documents that you need to provide: identity document (passport), vehicle registration certificate, vehicle registration certificate, license plates. You do not need to provide your vehicle for inspection.

After the documents have been collected, you contact the traffic police department, take the electronic queue, give the documents to the inspector and receive a certificate of the established form. You will need this certificate when handing over your car to a collection point for recycling.

You can also make an appointment and fill out an application through the government services portal. This will save you time.

Transfer of the vehicle to the collection point

After deregistering the car, you need to deliver it to the nearest site, to the collection point. Please note that after the procedure at the traffic police you do not have the right to drive a car, so you will need the services of a tow truck. Depending on what you want to get from recycling, you have three options:

1. Delivery of the car to the collection point on our own. To do this, you only need to pay for the services of a tow truck.
2. Contact a company that specializes in car removal. This option is absolutely not costly in material terms, but you will not receive any profit either.
3. Self-disassembly of the car and its delivery to the recycling base. In this case, it is possible to sell spare parts on the secondary market. However, it will take not only time, but also effort. In addition, you need to have some experience to disassemble the car without damage.

Why do you need a power of attorney for disposal?

If the car owner cannot deal with the process of handing over the car for recycling, he will need a representative. The rights of the representative must be properly formalized through a power of attorney.

Such a document can be drawn up in any notary office, but must contain the following necessary information:

• all information about the principal and authorized representative: passport data, address (if a legal entity - the full name of the organization);
• the traffic police department, where the procedure for deregistering a car will take place;
• car data (make, model, license plates, etc.);
• vehicle registration certificate, passport;
• validity period, number and date of compilation;
• signatures of the principal, authorized representative.

What do you need to know about the government program?

The program launched by the state for car recycling has been in effect for more than 7 years. The original validity period was extended due to the popularity of the program. Its goal is to support the domestic automotive industry by providing subsidies for the purchase of new Russian cars to replace the old ones.

Fulfillment of this goal presupposes the following conditions:

1. Funds received from disposal can only be used to purchase a new car.
2. The car must be owned by the participant for at least 6 months.
3. Vehicle age: New vehicles are not eligible for the program.
4. Only a citizen of the Russian Federation can be a participant.
5. A vehicle can be submitted for recycling only through a specially hired dealer. The dealer not only prepares all the documents for disposal, but also enters into an agreement for the purchase of a new vehicle.

Over 10 billion rubles have been allocated for the implementation of the program and the validity period is limited.

The car recycling process has several options from which you can choose the one that is most convenient for you. If you prefer to take advantage of the government program, then you should hurry.

formed as a result of activities legal entities and individual entrepreneurs.

Today we decided to discuss a very important and relevant topic for many entrepreneurs - waste disposal. In our practice, especially in the process of legal support for business, the question has arisen more than once about what waste disposal rules. Similar questions often arise when providing legal advice to clients, so we, together with FLC experts, have written material for you that we hope will be useful to you.

The increased burden on the environment has also led to a tightening of citizens' responsibility for environmental violations. This is especially true for legal entities and individual entrepreneurs, during whose work a huge amount of waste is generated. According to the law, waste generated as a result of the activities of legal entities, individual entrepreneurs and individuals, are subject to collection, storage, use as secondary raw materials, neutralization, transportation and placement.

Regulatory framework for waste disposal

1. Federal Law No. 7-FZ dated January 10, 2002 “On Environmental Protection”, with the latest amendments dated December 29, 2014 No. 458-FZ;
2. Federal Law dated May 4, 2011 No. 99-FZ “On licensing of certain types of activities,” with the latest amendments dated December 31, 2014 No. 519-FZ;
3. Federal Law No. 89-FZ dated June 24, 1998 “On production and consumption waste”, with the latest amendments dated December 29, 2014 No. 485-FZ;
4. Federal Law dated November 23, 1995 No. 174-FZ “On Environmental Expertise”, with the latest amendments dated February 12, 2015 No. 12-FZ.

What is WASTE and WASTE DISPOSAL

The latest edition of the Federal Law “On Industrial and Consumer Waste” provides the following definitions of waste and its disposal:
Production and consumption waste- substances or objects that are formed in the process of production, performance of work, provision of services or in the process of consumption, which are disposed of, intended for disposal or subject to disposal in accordance with this Federal Law.
Recycling— use of waste for the production of goods (products), performance of work, provision of services, including the reuse of waste, including the reuse of waste for its intended purpose (recycling), their return to the production cycle after appropriate preparation (regeneration), as well as the extraction of useful components for their reuse (recovery).
As we can see, recycling is not considered the destruction of waste, but its processing or reuse.

Waste-free production may be considered ideal, but in practice this is extremely rare. Basically, waste accumulates in the majority of entrepreneurs. This can be either an ordinary office trash bin or especially dangerous and carcinogenic ones. industrial waste. Let's figure out what waste requires documentation.

Waste classification

In accordance with Art. 4.2. Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”, facilities providing negative impact on the environment, depending on the level of such impact, are divided into four categories:

1. Objects that have a significant negative impact on the environment and relate to the areas of application of the best available technologies are objects of category I;
2. Objects that have a moderate negative impact on the environment are objects of category II;
3. Objects that have a slight negative impact on the environment are objects of category III;
4. Objects that have minimal negative impact on the environment are objects of category IV.

Responsibilities of legal entities and individual entrepreneurs owning waste

Legal entities and individual entrepreneurs owners of waste are obliged to:

1. Ensure waste management in accordance with current standards and regulations;
2. Organize waste collection in specially equipped places in accordance with the requirements of legislation in the field of environmental protection, sanitary rules and norms, landscaping rules approved by local governments, for a period not exceeding that established for this type of waste;
3. Introduce environmentally friendly, low-waste and non-waste technologies;
4. Develop and implement measures to reduce the volume of waste generation and the degree of danger, as well as the disposal of stored waste.

Waste disposal, step-by-step instructions

• The first thing you need to do is determine which category the waste belongs to;
• The second point is waste transportation. Here Special attention You need to pay attention to choosing a company that will transport the waste. Experts advise checking the following points:

• The company has a license. In accordance with paragraph 30 of Art. 12 Federal Law “On licensing of certain types of activities” and the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On licensing of transportation by road of passengers and cargo in international traffic, as well as cargo within Russian Federation» activities related to the collection, use, neutralization, transportation and disposal of waste of I-IV hazard classes are subject to licensing. From July 1, 2015, all types of waste management activities, except accumulation, must be licensed.
• Check the conditions under which the waste will be transported. In accordance with Art. 16 Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste”, transportation of waste of hazard classes I-IV must be carried out under the following conditions:
  — availability of a waste passport of I-IV hazard class;
  — availability of specially equipped vehicles and equipped with special signs;
  — compliance with safety requirements for transporting waste of hazard classes I-IV on vehicles;
  — availability of documentation for the transportation and transfer of waste of I-IV hazard classes, indicating the amount of transported waste of I-IV hazard classes, the purpose and destination of their transportation.

• The next thing you need to check is the agreement on the basis of which the contractor will carry out waste disposal.
• Next, you need to sign a transfer and acceptance act, the so-called waste disposal act, on the basis of which you transfer a certain range and amount of waste.
• The last stage will be the signing of the work completion certificate. When recycling, the company that undertakes the responsibility to dispose of waste must provide an acceptance certificate and/or waste disposal coupons.

So, from all of the above, it becomes clear that organizing waste disposal is a painstaking process that requires a serious approach. Help in resolving these issues may be truly necessary, since violations during waste disposal are subject to administrative and criminal liability, as well as large fines.

Responsibility for violating waste disposal rules

is provided for both by the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, as well as by other federal laws.

In accordance with the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation:

Art. 8.2. Failure to comply with environmental and sanitary-epidemiological requirements when collecting, accumulating, using, neutralizing, transporting, disposing and otherwise handling production and consumption waste, substances that destroy the ozone layer, or other dangerous substances - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one thousand up to two thousand rubles; for officials - from ten thousand to thirty thousand rubles; on persons carrying out entrepreneurial activity without forming a legal entity - from thirty thousand to fifty thousand rubles or administrative suspension of activities for up to ninety days; for legal entities - from one hundred thousand to two hundred and fifty thousand rubles or administrative suspension of activities for a period of up to ninety days.

Art. 11.14 Violation of the rules for transporting hazardous substances, large or heavy cargo by air transport - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of five hundred to one thousand rubles; for officials - from one thousand to two thousand rubles; for legal entities - from ten thousand to twenty thousand rubles.
Violation of the rules for transporting hazardous substances, large or heavy cargo by sea and inland water transport - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of three hundred to five hundred rubles; for officials - from five hundred to one thousand rubles; for legal entities - from five thousand to ten thousand rubles.

Violation of the rules for transporting hazardous substances, large or heavy cargo by rail - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on citizens in the amount of one hundred to three hundred rubles; for officials - from three hundred to five hundred rubles; for legal entities - from three thousand to five thousand rubles.

Art. 12.21.2. Violation of the rules for transporting dangerous goods:

1. Transportation of dangerous goods by a driver who does not have a certificate of training for drivers of vehicles transporting dangerous goods, a certificate of approval of the vehicle for the transportation of dangerous goods, a special permit, an agreed transportation route or an emergency card of the hazard information system provided for by the rules for the transportation of dangerous goods, as well as transportation of dangerous goods in a vehicle whose design does not comply with the requirements of the rules for the transportation of dangerous goods or which lacks elements of a hazard information system or equipment or means used to eliminate the consequences of an incident during the transportation of dangerous goods, or non-compliance with the conditions for the transportation of dangerous goods provided for by these rules , - entails the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of two thousand to two thousand five hundred rubles or deprivation of the right to drive vehicles for a period of four to six months; for officials responsible for transportation - from fifteen thousand to twenty thousand rubles; for legal entities - from four hundred thousand to five hundred thousand rubles.
2. Violation of the rules for transporting dangerous goods, except for the cases provided for in Part 1 of this article, shall entail the imposition of an administrative fine on the driver in the amount of one thousand to one thousand five hundred rubles; for officials responsible for transportation - from five thousand to ten thousand rubles; for legal entities - from one hundred and fifty thousand to two hundred and fifty thousand rubles.

In accordance with the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation:

Article 247. Violation of rules for handling environmentally hazardous substances and waste:

1. Production of prohibited types of hazardous waste, transportation, storage, burial, use or other handling of radioactive, bacteriological, chemical substances and waste in violation established rules if these acts created a threat of causing significant harm to human health or the environment - are punishable by a fine in the amount of up to two hundred thousand rubles or in the amount wages or other income of the convicted person for a period of up to eighteen months, or by restriction of freedom for a term of up to two years, or by forced labor for a term of up to two years, or by imprisonment for the same term.
2. The same acts that entailed pollution, poisoning or contamination of the environment, causing harm to human health or mass death of animals, as well as those committed in an environmental disaster zone or in an environmental emergency zone, are punishable by a fine in the amount of one hundred thousand to three hundred thousand rubles or the amount of wages or other income, sentenced for a period of one to two years, or forced labor for a term of up to five years, or imprisonment for the same period.
3. Acts provided for in parts one or two of this article, which through negligence resulted in the death of a person or mass illness of people, are punishable by imprisonment for a term of up to eight years.

In accordance with Art. 75 Federal Law “On Environmental Protection” For violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, property, disciplinary, administrative and criminal liability is established in accordance with the law, namely:

1. Obligation to fully compensate for damage to the environment Art. 77 Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”;
2. Compensation for environmental damage caused by violation of environmental legislation Art. 78 Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”;
3. Compensation for harm caused to the health and property of citizens as a result of violation of legislation in the field of environmental protection, Art. 79 Federal Law “On Environmental Protection”.

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Article 5 of the Law lists the categories of products for which expiration dates are established. These include:

• Food.
• Perfumes and cosmetics.
• Medicines.
• Household chemicals.

Products from the listed categories whose shelf life has expired are subject to destruction or disposal (in Article 3 of the Federal Law of January 2, 2000 No. 29-FZ “On the quality and safety of food products”).

Recycling and destruction are fundamentally different concepts:

1. Recycling implies that an expired product can be used in the future, but no longer for its intended purpose. (Article 1 No. 29-FZ “On the quality and safety of food products”). For example, it can be used as animal feed, processed into jam, vinegar, etc.

   Only a state examination by Rospotrebnadzor will make sure that a product can be processed for its subsequent use.

2. We have to talk about the destruction of goods in the case when an examination has recognized the impossibility of its disposal.

   If expired products are unsuitable for further use in any form, it is necessary to destroy them (clause 11 of the Regulations on the examination of low-quality and dangerous food raw materials and food products, their use or destruction, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 29, 1997 No. 1263. Further - Position).

How to determine what exactly to do with expired goods?

To determine future fate expired goods, you must contact Rospotrebnadzor for an examination.

The specific procedure will depend on the type of product.

1. For medicinal products, perfumes, and tobacco products, examination is required in all cases. This is regulated by a number of legal acts: clause 2 of Art. 31 of the Federal Law of June 22, 1998 No. 86-FZ “On Medicines” and clause 18 of the Regulations.
2. In the case of food products, they can be destroyed or disposed of without examination. This is permitted by clause 4 of the Regulations under the following conditions:
   • The owner cannot confirm the origin of the products.
   • The goods have obvious signs of poor quality and thus pose a threat to human life.
3. In all other cases, expired goods are subject to examination. To do this, you need to contact the territorial division of Rospotrebnadzor to determine the possibility of disposal or destruction of illiquid products.

Based on the results of the procedure, Rospotrebnadzor issues a decision on either disposal or destruction of expired goods.

Methods and conditions for further processing of products are chosen by their owner independently and must comply with the requirements of regulatory or technical documents. Nevertheless, the chosen method must be agreed upon with Rospotrebnadzor officials. All examination services are paid by the owner of the goods.

If the products are planned to be disposed of as animal feed, the procedure must be agreed upon with the Commissioner of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor).

How to dispose of goods that have passed their sell-by date?

Working with expired goods begins with identifying options for its further use. For this:

1. The owner contacts Rospotrebnadzor to conduct an examination of the product. You can familiarize yourself with the list of goods that are considered unsuitable for use after the expiration date in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 16, 1997 No. 720. The assessment procedure itself is regulated by the following regulations:
   • paragraph 2 art. 3, Art. 25 of the Federal Law of January 2, 2000 N 29-FZ;
   • clauses 2, 3 of the Regulations.
2. Based on the results of the inspection, the authorized body issues a conclusion that the product can be disposed of.
3. The specific permission depends on the further intended use of expired products. For example, for the processing of raw materials into animal feed, an appropriate conclusion is issued signed by a representative of the veterinary supervision.
4. Until disposal, all expired products must be stored in strictly designated areas. Storage containers must fully comply with sanitary requirements: be airtight.
5. Disposal is carried out by a specialized company. This company must have a license from Rospotrebnadzor to carry out activities for the disposal of a specific type of waste (Article 9 of the Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste” dated June 24, 1998 N 89-FZ). In accordance with the law, products must be removed for disposal in a timely manner.
6. The company removes expired products from the plant to a processing site.
7. Based on the results of the examination, the products are processed either into animal feed or secondary raw materials.
8. The owner of the product is obliged to notify the authority that issued the disposal permit that the product has been transferred to the appropriate company for further use. This must be done within 3 days after the product is transferred to the recycling company. Notification is carried out by providing the original document confirming the transfer, or its notarized copy. (Clause 16 of the Regulations).

Despite the fact that the law allows for the independent destruction of expired goods, it is considered most appropriate to contact a specialized company.

In this case, the owner will not have to worry about the rules for the destruction of certain types of products or their proper storage.

A cooperation agreement is concluded with the recycling company. The company itself picks up the goods and takes them to the place of destruction. The company carrying out the liquidation of products must be accredited.

During the destruction of expired products, reporting documents are also drawn up. These include:

• Primary documentation.
• Product disposal act.

The exact requirements for the content of documents depend on the type of product. Thus, the destruction of food and perfumery and cosmetic products is formalized by an act of form No. TORG-16. It is drawn up in several copies (according to the number of commission members) and signed by all its members. The composition is approved by the director of the organization. May include company employees, representatives of the recycling company and Rospotrebnadzor (if necessary).

Ways to dispose of products

• Burial in a landfill. The most non-ecological method. The products are taken to a special place and stored there.
• Burning. The goods are placed in special ovens - crematoria and burned there. The resulting ash can later be used as fertilizer.

Thus, if goods have an expiration date, the seller is obliged to carefully monitor the period of delay. Expired products cannot be sold and must be recycled or destroyed. These are 2 fundamentally different procedures, the implementation of which allows the owner to legally get rid of illiquid products.

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