The approach of the reconnaissance ship "Viktor Leonov" to the US coast is a sign of Russian weakness, not strength, American media write, citing their intelligence sources. The sources came across with humor; it even becomes offensive for “Viktor Leonov”, characterized by the word “useless”. The point, however, is that these comments are unforgivable nonsense.
In the NBC News material, the reconnaissance equipment on the Viktor Leonov is called outdated - allegedly it can only listen to radio communications between ships, between ships and the shore, as well as commercial radio broadcasts. “I hope they enjoyed listening to Classic Radio,” quips an anonymous Coast Guard officer from New England (referring to Classic 101, which broadcasts oldies rock and country music). “Leonov” is not a threat, echoes a senior intelligence official. “This is proof of Russia’s weakness compared to the United States. This shows how far behind the US the Russians are in the area of electronic eavesdropping. The ship specializes in listening to radio signals, not digital communications, so it is effectively unable to intercept any sensitive military or intelligence communications,” he said.
“Such data is a most valuable trophy; intelligence forces can chase it for decades, drinking liters of cheap rum with employees of the Norfolk base.”
This “review” was caused more earlier messages Media reports that the Viktor Leonov was spotted 65 miles northeast of Norfolk, Virginia, where the largest US naval base in the Atlantic is located. On Wednesday it was reported that the Viktor Leonov approached the US Navy submarine base in Connecticut. Before that, the ship was off the coast of Delaware. It is conducting patrols near the East Coast of the United States for the first time since 2015.
“Viktor Leonov” (until 2004 it was called “Odograph”) is a really middle-aged ship. It, like six more of the same type, was built in Gdansk, Poland, between 1985 and 1988, but underwent equipment modernization several times. All seven ships of this Project 864 are highly specialized in types of electronic equipment and are very different from each other even in appearance because of characteristic features locators and other electronic warfare systems. Moreover, they are included in the “Unified State System for Lighting Surface and Underwater Situations”, and all specifications the electronic equipment installed on them is strictly classified, although the general purpose of certain electronic warfare systems is known.
The irony of the Americans is either a manifestation of the small intelligence of those naval officers to whom journalists turned for comments, or a way to retouch their own negligence, since allowing the Viktor Leonov almost close to Norfolk is a big mistake. IN old times American ships they almost rammed the “oceanographic vessels” of Project 864 (under the legend of “studying the bottom of the World Ocean for scientific purposes,” they hovered for six months opposite the US Navy bases, and replenished supplies in Cuba). Once, the American missile cruiser Texas spent several days chasing the same type of Viktor Leonov, Karelia (currently under repair and re-equipping), approaching a distance of several tens of meters side to side. Moreover, “Texas” is three times larger - it could simply sink “Karelia”.
The fact is that “Viktor Leonov” is not intended to intercept Internet traffic or wedge itself into ultra-modern communication systems (which, by the way, do not exist). Its hydroacoustic reconnaissance complexes (GAR) and the system with the characteristic name “Memory” record the so-called “noise profiles” of surface and underwater objects based on the parameters of the emission of sound waves in the water column. Simply put, each surface ship and especially a submarine produces a specific set of noises, characteristic only of this object. This is, in essence, sound wave, the vibrations of which in water can be “copied” and remembered in in electronic format. It’s like a file of criminals’ fingerprints: once copied, they’ll never get away with it. Such a file of “sound profiles” is at the disposal of the hydroacoustic teams of all Russian military ships and submarines, which makes it possible, at a great distance and without contact, to accurately determine what kind of object is moving towards you. And this is especially important for submarine warfare.In approximately the same way, the Viktor Leonov equipment can remember the profiles of specific potential enemy radars and air defense systems; the electromagnetic radiation of various objects is also specific to each. From the point of view of military intelligence, such data is a most valuable trophy; intelligence forces can chase it for decades, drinking liters of cheap rum with employees of the Norfolk base under the watchful gaze of the NCIS and the FBI, and then discover that all these profiles have been out of date for five years already liver.
IN last time A similar scan of Norfolk and other bases on the Atlantic coast of the United States was carried out in 2015 - it’s time to update the file cabinet.
As for the interception of ordinary radio messages, here too the Americans overdid it with sarcasm. After all, they, just like the rest of the world, communicate via radio, on open frequencies between ships, and in some cases even Morse code is still in use, although already in the late 80s it seemed that this was completely prehistoric knowledge (in specific educational institutions complained about having to waste time learning meaningless combinations of dots and dashes). The Americans have not yet invented or implemented any special means of communication, so classic rock music is not the only thing that might be of interest to specialists from “Viktor Leonov.”
By the way, the Americans themselves do not have such reconnaissance vessels. Ten hydroacoustic reconnaissance vessels (SGAR), half of which are built in the same years as the Viktor Leonov and her company, somehow fall under these characteristics. Most are small - with a crew of about 30 - and are designed primarily to detect diesel submarines in shallow waters - they drag a towed buoy with sonar behind them on a rope, much like during the Second World War. Another ship was converted into a launch tracking point ballistic missiles. By the end of the twentieth century, the United States decided that this specific type of vessel was no longer needed due to the lack (as they mistakenly thought) of surveillance objects. And that is why they are now surprised by the very appearance of “Viktor Leonov” on their shores, especially since the Americans cannot repeat such a trick opposite Severomorsk, Gadzhievo or Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky.
The US continues to rely on a super-powerful group orbital satellites, but their capabilities, paradoxically, are limited - most of the frequencies used in radio communications from orbit cannot be intercepted, and it is completely unrealistic to create an audio or electromagnetic profile of an object. By the way, the US allies in NATO (and, more broadly, the West as a whole) did not prudently refuse to use ships of this class and conduct this kind of physical reconnaissance. Moreover, for the most part, such ships were built simultaneously with the Russian-Soviet project 864. For example, they are in the German Navy (three types of "Oste" of project 423 with a displacement of 3200 tons, built in 1988-1989), Italy (RZK "Alettra" type "Alliance" ", 3180 t, 2003), Spain (RZK "Alerta" type "Dare", 2292 t, 1982), Norway (RZK "Maryata", 7560 t, built in 1994 to replace an obsolete ship of the same name and destination), Poland (two types of "Moma" modified, project 863, displacement 1677 tons, built 1997–1999), Greece (Germis, former RZK Germany, 1497 tons, 1960), France (RZK "Bouganville" , 5195 t, 1988), Sweden (Orion RZK, 1400 t, 1984), Romania (Gregory Antipa RZK Corsair type, 1450 t, built in 1980).
IN Lately The Americans and the British assigned physical reconnaissance responsibilities to surface ships and even submarines. For these purposes, additional equipment is simply hung on them, which (together with the personnel) only complicates the life of the ship. So, Her Majesty's Navy added some new radars to the Trafalgar submarine, after which it broke down and went into dry dock. The electronic reconnaissance function was transferred to the missile frigates Broadsworth and Duke, which increased their crew at the expense of electronics maintenance personnel and increased the danger of navigation, since now these ships are forced to go dangerously close to the object of study, and this is not welcome.
The bottom line is that the reaction of American sailors to the work of “Viktor Leonov” looks more like a journalistic stunt. Even earlier, the press reported personally to Donald Trump about the “Viktor Leonov” voyage. And when asked what he was going to do with the ship, the president answered “I won’t say”: “I don’t have to tell you what I’m going to do with North Korea. And I don't have to tell you what I'm going to do with Iran. Do you know why? Because they shouldn't know that. And when you ask me what I am going to do with the Russian ship, I will not answer you. I hope I won’t do anything, but I won’t tell you.”
Yes, it won't. And he won't say. And now - “Yablochko” with greetings from the Navy on Radio Classic 101.
On Tuesday, US media reported a Russian warship in international waters off the US coast. According to unnamed American officials, the Russian Navy “spy ship” Viktor Leonov was discovered 130 km off the coast of Delaware (the US border is 22 km from the coast).
This is not the first time that Viktor Leonov’s high-tech electronic intelligence equipment has alarmed the Pentagon.
Why do ships of this class ply the world's oceans and how important is the Viktor Leonov's connection to the United States and the state of Delaware?
Not the ghost of aggression
The world's oceans are the heritage of all humanity. Russia reflected its goals and its position in the Naval Doctrine, taking into account the naval strategies of the United States and. According to the doctrine, the Navy is the basis of Russia's maritime potential, and naval activities are classified as the highest state priorities.
For a number of reasons, Russia has particularly highlighted two directions - the Atlantic and the Arctic. Atlantic - in connection with active development NATO and its approach to Russian borders. Therefore, reconnaissance ships of the Russian Navy are constantly present in the most remote areas of the World Ocean, providing national security and favorable conditions for economic development countries. - not our choice, but Russia is ready for it.
© AP Photo/Desmond Boylan Reconnaissance ship SSV-175 "Viktor Leonov"
© AP Photo/Desmond Boylan
Partnership Efforts
The US and NATO navies also have a flotilla of reconnaissance ships that often find themselves close to Russian shores. For example, the US Navy Sixth Fleet ship USS Mount Whitney is being closely studied.
US aerospace intelligence is also increasing its efforts near Russia’s borders. Thus, on February 13, the US Air Force strategic reconnaissance aircraft RC-135W (aircraft 62-4138) and the US Navy anti-submarine patrol aircraft P-8A Poseidon (aircraft 168860) conducted operational reconnaissance near the Kaliningrad region and Crimea.
The RC-135W reconnaissance aircraft from Mildenhall airbase in the UK approached the Russian land border at a distance of 55 km and the main base of the Russian Baltic Fleet at a distance of about 80 km. The second reconnaissance aircraft, a P-8A Poseidon, from Sigonella Air Base in Sicily, carried out an operational mission over the Black Sea southwest of Sevastopol.
Obviously, to reduce suspicion and strengthen security, the West must first abandon its anti-Russian policy and strengthen the eastern flank of NATO.
The American analytical publication The National Interest notes: " Government bodies who analyze threats to national security are too fixated on Russia, and this is the result of a not entirely sober analysis<…>While Russia poses a serious espionage threat to the United States, the threat is only one of many national security concerns<…>
Escalating tensions with Russia prevent the United States from acting effectively in various areas<…>Russia has a unique opportunity - it can prevent the actions of the United States in many parts of the world, it constantly and deliberately counters American initiatives in order to achieve the opportunity to come to the negotiating table."
Perhaps reasonable people in Washington and Moscow will find a common language for constructive interaction, and the World Ocean will gradually turn into a zone of peace. In the meantime, we keep our gunpowder dry and develop reconnaissance technologically: the Russian Navy has begun testing the latest remote-controlled uninhabited underwater vehicle " ".
Tuesday, January 23, 2018The Pentagon said that reconnaissance ship Russia's "Viktor Leonov" is still located off the Atlantic coast of the United States.
According to CNN, the ship was spotted in international waters 100 miles southeast of Wilmington. Earlier, the Washington Free Beacon, citing military sources, reported that “Viktor Leonov” was spotted in Cape Canaveral (Florida), Kings Bay (Georgia), near Norfolk (Virginia) and New London (Connecticut).
The presence of the Russian reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov near a US military base in Connecticut indicates Russia's weakness, not its strength, US military and intelligence officials have said.
Representatives of the New England Coast Guard, which includes the state of Connecticut, explained to NBC News that Russian electronic wiretapping equipment is outdated and can only pick up radio signals from ships, shore, and commercial radio transmissions.
One military base officer said he hoped Russians would "enjoy listening to [radio] Classic 101." He emphasized that the ship "Viktor Leonov" demonstrates primitiveness Russian system electronic wiretapping and how far behind it is from American technology.
"The ship specializes in listening to radio transmissions, not digital communications, which makes it useless in collecting any military intelligence," he explained.
Tellingly, the Pentagon previously stated that the Russian reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov is equipped with high-tech spy equipment designed for interception. He was spotted near a US naval base in Connecticut on Wednesday, February 15.
It is worth noting that ships of this type are the basis of the Russian reconnaissance fleet. They were created to solve problems in the sea and near ocean zones. As retired captain 1st rank of the Northern Fleet Vladislav Ershevsky explained to the website, “this is a ship that not only writes sound profiles of all submarines and ships, but also all radio emissions, electromagnetic emissions - radars, air defense, missiles, ships, aircraft. The parameters of which are monitored by reconnaissance , usually they are chasing, forcing them to turn on, in order to then suppress electronic warfare, for example.
According to the expert, “if they laugh at him, they are idiots. No, if the United States has learned to speak between warships using invisible plasma, or if their locators, air defenses, etc. work on dissolving air, then the ship is outdated. And so the hell with it.” two". When asked about the Americans laughing at the rust on board the ship, the former naval officer invited citizens to look at their ships.
It is worth adding that US President Donald Trump, answering a question from journalists about what he would do in connection with the presence of a Russian ship near an American military base, said that he was not going to publicly share his plans.
"Do the Americans listen in a different way? I don’t know any other ways. It’s either a physical connection to a wired line, or wiretapping. There are no other ways. Yes, the United States has an advantage - a powerful satellite constellation that can radio reconnaissance should be carried out from orbit. But you also need to understand that from there only certain wavelengths and certain means of communication are intercepted,” reserve colonel and chairman of the Military-Industrial Commission of the Russian Federation Viktor Murakhovsky told Pravda.ru.
He also added that “if we talk about VHF radio communications, about radio relay communications, then you can’t catch such things from space. It’s not for nothing that the Americans launch their reconnaissance assets near the borders of Russia. They also have radio and electronic reconnaissance ships in the Baltic Sea , and in the Black Sea they are trying to get closer to our borders.”
TALLINN, March 16 – Sputnik. The Russian surveillance ship Viktor Leonov has returned to waters off the US east coast after a brief stop to refuel and resupply in Havana last week, Fox News reported, citing official sources.
The ship was spotted by the US military approximately 37 kilometers southeast of the Kings Bay base in Georgia and was heading north. Kings Bay is home to submarines of the US Navy's Atlantic Fleet. The base is assigned to cruise missile submarines Florida and Georgia, as well as ballistic missile submarines Alaska, Tennessee, West Virginia, Maryland, Rhode Island, and Wyoming.
According to a statement from the US military, the Russian ship remained in international waters and did not enter US territorial waters, which end 22.2 kilometers from the coast.
Fox News previously reported that the SSV-175 Viktor Leonov ship was spotted off the east coast of the United States on the morning of February 14. With reference to American officials, the TV channel reported that the ship was several tens of kilometers from the border. territorial waters USA. Moreover, it was allegedly equipped with reconnaissance equipment and surface-to-air missiles.
The Pentagon said it was not concerned about the ship's appearance, but was monitoring its movements.
Later, President Donald Trump commented on the appearance of the ship near the US borders. At a press conference on February 16, he said that he would not shoot at a Russian ship.
"I'd like to get along with Russia... I know politically that's not a good thing. A great thing I could do would be to shoot at a ship that's 30 miles out of our waters. And then everyone would say: “It’s great, it’s great.” But it’s not great,” Trump commented on the message.
Trump also rejected speculation that Russia was allegedly “testing” him by increasing military activity.
“Not good,” Trump responded when a journalist at a news conference began listing the latest incidents of Russian military activity. In particular, the media representative mentioned the approach of a Russian Navy ship to the shores of the United States and the flight of Russian military aircraft over a US ship in the Black Sea.
“If I were rude to Russia now... then you would say: “He is so tough.” Everything you mentioned has happened recently, because perhaps (Russian President Vladimir) Putin believes that he cannot cope with me to come to an agreement, because for me it is politically unpopular to come to an agreement (with the Russian Federation),” Trump said. “I don’t think Putin is testing me,” the American president added.
This is not the first time that the Viktor Leonov ship has been spotted near the United States and in the Western Atlantic. A year earlier, the Viktor Leonov participated in a joint exercise with the Venezuelan Navy and repeatedly visited the Cuban port of Havana.
Ship voyages do not depend on US elections
The voyages of Russian and American reconnaissance ships do not depend on the political situation and results election campaign in USA. This opinion was expressed to RIA Novosti by the former commander of the Baltic Fleet (2001-2006), Admiral Vladimir Valuev.
“American reconnaissance ships go where there are US interests. Accordingly, Russian ones are sent to where it is necessary to clarify the operational situation. Our ship sails, as they say, in neutral waters, does not approach anyone, does not violate anything, and does not create any threats to maneuvering ", said Valuev.
According to him, this is a common maritime practice.
“This practice does not depend on who is the president of the United States of America. The Russian Navy and the US Navy carry out their tasks regardless of the political situation, in particular, the election of Donald Trump as head American state", noted the admiral.
“For example, the Norwegian reconnaissance ship Maryata has been, as they say, day and night for decades at the exit from the Northern Fleet base - controlling who is leaving, and, most importantly, clarifying why she is leaving. Representatives of the navies of NATO member states are especially interested Russian ships, entering combat service,” added Valuev.
Scout ships
According to open sources, the SSV-175 Viktor Leonov medium reconnaissance ship is the seventh in the Project 864 series (NATO reporting name: Vishnya Class). It entered service in 1988 and is part of the Northern Fleet. Main characteristics: total displacement 3800 tons, length 91.5 meters, beam 14.5 meters, draft 5.6 meters, maximum speed speed 16 knots, cruising range 7000 miles, endurance 45 days, crew 220 people.
Reconnaissance ships of the Russian Navy are constantly present in the most remote areas of the World Ocean, ensuring national security and favorable conditions for the economic development of the country. Especially in the Maritime Doctrine of the Russian Federation, two directions are highlighted - Atlantic and Arctic. The first is in connection with the active development of NATO and its approach to Russian borders.
Russian reconnaissance ships do not have strike weapons on board and do not pose direct threats to any country in the world. They can equally successfully study ocean migration biological resources, the topography of the seabed and areas where mineral deposits occur, as well as create individual “acoustic portraits” of surface ships and submarines of a potential enemy.
Another important area of research is marine hydrology.
The complex hydrological map of the World Ocean requires regular updates, because the density (salinity) and temperature of water, sea currents - all of this affects the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a variable environment, that is, the detection range and accuracy of hitting targets.
The US and NATO navies also operate a flotilla of reconnaissance ships that often find themselves close to Russian shores. For example, the USS Mount Whitney, a ship of the US Navy's Sixth Fleet, is closely studying the Black Sea.
11.05.2017 11:53
This Russian sailor forced a huge enemy garrison to surrender
In February 2017, the Russian reconnaissance ship Viktor Leonov was discovered off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia. This ship was named in honor of one of the most famous heroes of Russia - twice Hero Soviet Union Victor Leonov. For his outstanding military services, he was also awarded the Order of Lenin and two Orders of the Red Banner.
Reconnaissance ship "Viktor Leonov".
Leonov began his military career by serving on a Red Fleet submarine. Hitler's 1941 invasion of the Soviet Union forced him to change his specialty. He became a naval commando, a combat swimmer-saboteur, who carried out reconnaissance of positions, blew up Nazi ships and carried out subversive operations against enemy troops near the coastline - about 50 operations a year on the Eastern Front alone.
While fighting the Nazis, Leonov led combat groups that secretly captured anti-aircraft batteries, captured hundreds of enemy soldiers and officers and even conducted a two-day raid overland to capture fascist firing points and use them against other German artillery positions
Victor Leonov
After the Nazi surrender in May 1945, the Soviet Union declared war on Imperial Japan in the east, and Soviet special forces were the first to arrive in the new theater of operations. This is where Viktor Leonov struck fear into his enemies.
He landed at a Japanese airfield near the Korean port of Wonsan with a group of 140 people led by a high-ranking officer. The airfield was supposed to be poorly defended, but in fact it was garrisoned at 3,500 soldiers. Surrounded by vastly superior forces, 10 special forces officers were forced to surrender. Commander Russian army requested negotiations with the commander of the Japanese garrison. When the negotiations began, Leonov angrily interrupted them, saying: “We fought the entire war in the west and have enough experience to assess the situation, that we will not be hostages, but rather die, but we will die along with everyone who is at headquarters. The difference is, I added, that you will die like rats, and we will try to escape from here. He then pulled out a grenade and threatened to kill everyone, including his compatriots. The Japanese surrendered on the spot. The Russians captured 2,200 soldiers, three artillery batteries, five aircraft and a lot of ammunition. For this feat, First Lieutenant Viktor Leonov received a second Gold Star.
Origins
And it all started back in the years of the Great Patriotic War. At that time, the 181st reconnaissance detachment successfully operated in the Northern Fleet, carrying out various special operations behind enemy lines. The crowning achievement of this detachment’s activity was the capture of two coastal batteries at Cape Krestovoy (which blocked the entrance to the bay and could easily destroy an amphibious convoy) in preparation for landing in the port of Liinakhamari (Murmansk region - editor's note). This, in turn, ensured the success of the Petsamo-Kirkenes landing operation, which became the key to success in the liberation of the entire Soviet Arctic. It’s hard to even imagine that a detachment of several dozen people, having captured just a few guns from German coastal batteries, actually ensured victory throughout strategic operation, but, nevertheless, this is so - this is why the reconnaissance detachment was created, in order to sting the enemy in the most vulnerable place with small forces...
Leonov Viktor Nikolaevich - commander of separate reconnaissance detachments of the Northern and Pacific fleets.
Born on November 21, 1916 in the city of Zaraysk, Moscow Region, into a working-class family. Russian. Member of the CPSU(b)/CPSU since 1942. From 1931 to 1933, he studied at the factory school at the Moscow Kalibr plant, after which he worked as a mechanic, combining work with social activities: member of the Komsomol factory committee, chairman of the workshop committee of inventors, leader of the youth brigade.
In the ranks of the Navy since 1937.
He was drafted into the Northern Fleet, where he completed a training course in the underwater diving training squad named after S.M. Kirov in the city of Polyarny, Murmansk region, and was sent for further service to the submarine "Shch-402".
With the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, senior Red Navy man V.N. Leonov submitted a report on his enrollment in the 181st separate reconnaissance detachment of the Northern Fleet, in which, since July 18, 1941, he conducted about 50 combat operations behind enemy lines.
From December 1942, after assignment officer rank, junior lieutenant Leonov V.N. - deputy detachment commander for political affairs, and a year later, in December 1943 - commander of the 181st special reconnaissance detachment of the Northern Fleet. In April 1944 he was awarded military rank"lieutenant".
In October 1944, during the Petsamo-Kirkenes offensive operation Soviet troops, scouts under the command of V.N. Leonov landed on the shore occupied by the enemy and spent two days making their way to the designated point in off-road conditions. On the morning of October 12, they suddenly attacked an enemy 88-mm battery at Cape Krestovy, captured it, and captured it. big number Nazis. When a boat with Hitler’s landing party appeared, together with the detachment of Captain Barchenko-Emelyanov I.P. repelled enemy attacks, capturing about 60 Nazis. Thus, Leonov’s detachment, through its actions, created favorable conditions for the landing of Soviet troops in the ice-free port of Liinakhamari and the subsequent liberation of Petsamo (Pechenga) and Kirkenes.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 5, 1944, for the exemplary performance of combat missions of the command behind enemy lines and the courage and heroism displayed, Lieutenant Viktor Nikolaevich Leonov was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 5058).
Upon completion of the defeat of Nazi Germany, war for front-line intelligence officer V.N. Leonov. didn't end. It continued on Far East, where a separate reconnaissance detachment of the Pacific Fleet under his command was the first to land in the ports of Racine, Seisin and Genzon.
One of the most “high-profile” cases of V.N. Leonov’s detachment. – capture in the Korean port of Wonsan about three and a half thousand Japanese soldiers and officers. And in the port of Genzon, Leonov’s scouts disarmed and captured about two thousand soldiers and two hundred officers, capturing 3 artillery batteries, 5 aircraft, and several ammunition depots.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated September 14, 1945, senior lieutenant Viktor Nikolaevich Leonov was awarded the second Gold Star medal.
After the Great Patriotic War, V.N. Leonov continued to serve in the Navy. Since February 1946 – student of parallel classes of the Caspian Higher naval school. From September to November 1950 V.N. Leonov was at the disposal of the 2nd Main Directorate of the Marine General Staff, from November 1950 to August 1951 he was a senior officer of the 2nd direction of the 3rd directorate of the 2nd Main Directorate of the Naval General Staff. In 1953 V.N. Leonov served as a senior officer of the 3rd department, then as a senior officer of the 3rd direction of the 2nd department of the Main Headquarters of the Navy. Documents stored in the Central Naval Archive indicate that from December 12, 1953 to July 18, 1956 V.N. Leonov was a student at the K.E. Naval Academy. Voroshilov.
By order of the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy in 1956, Captain 2nd Rank Viktor Nikolaevich Leonov was transferred to the reserve.
He is the author of the memoirs “Face to Face” (1957), “Prepare for a Feat Today” (1973), “Lessons in Courage” (1975) and other books dedicated to naval reconnaissance officers.
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, retired captain 1st rank Leonov Viktor Nikolaevich died in Moscow on October 7, 2003 (on the day of the 59th anniversary of the start of the Petsamo-Kirkenes offensive operation).