In the 70-80s, a number of films were released on the wide screen in the Soviet Union, dedicated to the exploits of Soviet intelligence officers in the fascist rear. One of the films was called “The Exploit of a Scout.”

Hello, Yuri Zaitsev is in the studio. In the 70-80s, a number of films were released on the wide screen in the Soviet Union, dedicated to the exploits of Soviet intelligence officers in the fascist rear. One of the films was called “The Exploit of a Scout.” There were others, I don’t remember their names, but the plots are very similar. For example, this is the story of a man who ends up behind German lines with the goal of killing Hitler or some high-ranking fascist military leader. Then it seemed that all this was fiction, but now that the secret archives of the NKVD have been opened, it becomes clear that such people really existed. And one of them is Igor Lvovich Miklashevsky. Before the war, this man studied at the institute physical culture at the boxing department. During the war, he served in the 189th Anti-Aircraft Artillery Regiment with the rank of senior sergeant. And in 1943 this man was thrown behind enemy lines with a special task to eliminate an active Nazi collaborator and propagandist. Traitor to the Motherland Blumenthal-Tamarin. By chance, Miklashevsky was his nephew. It must be said that the leader art theater named after Mochalov, Blumenthal-Tamarin ran across the front line in 1941 with his wife. On July 7, 1942, Tamarin’s voice sounded on the air. He denounced all the Bolshevik leaders. By the way, those who used to strongly patronize him. Blumenthal-Tamarin made propaganda trips to concentration camps, where he persuaded Soviet prisoners of war to go over to the German side. It must be said that the Germans protected the traitor very strongly. And so in 1942 a decision was made to liquidate this man. Igor Miklashevsky, who had previously been a boxer and military serviceman, was involved in this operation, as I already said. But, I want to emphasize, he never had anything to do with the intelligence profession. Today in our studio we have a historian, employee of the public relations center of the FSB of Russia Oleg Konstantinovich Matveev. It must be said that it was this person who worked with Igor Miklashevsky’s documents.

Well, if I understand correctly, Miklashevsky was transferred from besieged Leningrad, where he served in the army, to Moscow, was specially trained and transferred to the unit. A legend was created for him that he was a penalty soldier, he was facing a prison term, instead of prison he was sent to a penal company, and from the penal company he ran over to the Germans.

The idea of ​​using Miklashevsky as Blumenthal-Tomarin’s nephew to commit an act of retaliation belongs to one of the leaders of the NKV counterintelligence department, Viktor Nikolaevich Ilyin. At that time, Viktor Nikolaevich Ilyin worked as part of the creative intelligentsia, and knew Blumenthal-Tamarin, his circle, and his relatives well. And it was he who came up with the idea, supported by the leadership of the NKVD, to use Miklashevsky to carry out an act of retaliation.

- If, I understand correctly, then they still did not know each other, uncle and nephew, and Miklashevsky did not maintain any such family ties with him.

Indeed, Miklashevsky did not maintain close contacts with the Blumenthal-Tamarin family; they knew each other, but they did not have close communication. Miklashevsky knew well, first of all, Blumenthal-Tamarin’s wife, his own aunt; Blumenthal-Tamarin was her husband. That is, he was not a blood relative of Miklashevsky.

- Well, if I understand correctly, Miklashevsky was transferred behind enemy lines. That means he ran over with the legend. And here unusual adventures begin. It all started right away. He gave information about his unit, which was somewhat, so to speak, not accurate; naturally, before that there were defectors who gave more accurate information. And this gave the Germans reason to suspect him.

Indeed, when Miklashevsky was taken to enemy territory in April 4-3, the Germans began to interrogate him, and it so happened that two days before Miklashevsky appeared with them, two servicemen of the same unit ran over to them and gave only testimony, real testimony , about the command of the unit and its personnel. And Miklashevsky reported the disinformation that the NKVD had prepared for him.

Discrepancies arose in which the Germans tried to catch him and convict him of being a setup for the Soviet counterintelligence agencies. But here, in these circumstances, the factor intervened that Miklashevsky called himself Blumenthal-Tamarin’s nephew, the Germans immediately picked up Russian-language leaflets, saw Blumenthal-Tamarin’s surname there, carried out a check, and it turned out that, indeed, Miklashevsky is a real nephew, and this played positive role in his fate. He was not arrested, but was sent to one of the camps near Smolensk.

- And here, if I understand correctly, begins, well, one might say, a dizzying career. He ends the special educational institution German, gets a job, or he, so to speak, gets a job in a Russian liberation army under the leadership of General Vlasov. He serves and meets his uncle. Well, as I understand it, at first it was not possible to eliminate it.

Yes. Miklashevsky’s path to carrying out an act of retaliation turned out to be quite long and thorny, which, in general, could have cost him his life. Circumstances were such that Miklashevsky, according to the assignment received from the NKVD, joined the Russian liberation army and soon headed to France, where he served. Then, in 1944, thanks again to the intervention of his uncle, with whom he enters into active correspondence, he manages to get a short ten-day vacation and he comes to his uncle, who at that time lived in Koenigsberg, not just anywhere, but on the estate of Koch himself Gauleiter of East Prussia and Ukraine. Unfortunately, during these ten days he fails to catch a moment when they are alone, where he could commit an act of retaliation. Having not completed this task, Miklashevsky returns back to his unit.

- Then I understand that there was a wound that he received in battles, one might say, with the allies. He was completely commissioned and then he was already seconded to the disposal of his uncle.

After the Allied landing, Miklashevsky, together with his unit, entered into fighting. He was very seriously wounded in the neck and leg. He was literally pulled out from the other world and after that, indeed, he was commissioned and, again with the direct participation of his uncle Blumenthal-Tamarin, he was sent to Berlin, where by that time he himself ended up. And Miklashevsky gets a job in one of the camps for training Vlasov propagandists, where he is engaged in sports work.

- At the very last days During the war, Miklashevsky managed to carry out the order and, moreover, he captured the most valuable archive of his uncle.

As the war came to an end, Miklashevsky finally had a moment when he could complete the task assigned to him. It so happened that they finally found themselves together in forest area, where there were no witnesses, and Miklashevsky carried out the sentence that had been passed back in 41 against the traitor Blumenthal-Tamarin. He managed to seize his uncle's archive and with all this property he moved to the Allied occupation zone, where he called himself Soviet intelligence officer and asked to organize a meeting with representatives of the Soviet command. Such a meeting was organized. He named the conditional password. Moscow was requested and Miklashevsky was then urgently flown to Moscow along with the Blumenthal-Tamarin archive, and in addition to this, he gave very valuable testimony for counterintelligence about those persons who were known to him, as participants in the Vlasov movement, as employees of the German intelligence services, which were then used for operational search work. For a long time, until the 60s, nothing was known at all about Miklashevsky’s mission behind the front line. That is, he had to invent various legends in every possible way, in every possible way to evade direct questions from his friends and acquaintances about where he was during the war, what he did. As a rule, he talked about being in a partisan detachment. And in 1960, Miklashevsky met with Viktor Nikolaevich Ilyin, the former Commissioner of State Security, who by that time worked as the executive secretary of the Writers' Union.

- He was the one who was brought in to complete this task.

Yes, that's absolutely right. This is the same person who, in fact, came up with this whole combination, who attracted Miklashevsky to carry out this task; in 1960 he was the executive secretary of the Writers' Union. He listened to Miklashevsky and at that moment turned to the leadership of the KGB counterintelligence department with the idea of ​​telling the public about the feat accomplished by Miklashevsky, but in a slightly different interpretation. That is, with a change in the assignment, where instead of Blumenthal-Tamarin, none other than Hitler began to appear.

Oleg MATVEEV (employee of the Central Security Service of the FSB of Russia),

Yuri ZAYTSEV (host of Radio Russia)

The story of Igor Miklashevsky is perhaps worthy of an entire book. This man, born and raised in the USSR, played in Soviet history not the least role, because it was he who was tasked with eliminating Hitler himself.

Igor grew up as a talented boy. Coming from an intelligent family (his mother was an actress, and his father a famous choreographer), he showed success in studies and sports. Having excellent knowledge of German and having good manners, Igor was simply doomed to follow in the footsteps of his parents and become a worker in the arts. Yesenin himself (a good friend of the family) gave the young man one of the first models of the camera. But it so happened that the guy was more interested in boxing, having achieved considerable success in this area - he became a champion Leningrad region in middle weight.

After school, he, like many of his peers, was drafted into the army. At the end of his service, Igor returned to Leningrad, where he continued training and was supposed to compete in the finals of the USSR boxing championship. But the war began. A young man with knowledge of German and excellent physical fitness quickly became interested in Soviet intelligence services looking for a suitable candidate for a specific assignment. After recruitment and a year of training in a special center, Miklashevsky was given the task of penetrating into the very rear of the Nazis and “removing” Fuhrrer himself.

Of course, Igor understood that he might not return from this mission (before him, a similar mission was entrusted to six experienced intelligence officers, but no one achieved success). But the guy loved his homeland and was ready to complete the task even at the cost of his own life.

The first step was to be introduced into German high society through meeting Max Schmeling, the most talented German boxer and a true world boxing champion. To do this, Igor provoked a fight in one of the cafes, after which he was taken to the police, from where he escaped and went straight across the front line to the Germans, since he “terribly hated communists.” The legend was well prepared, because Miklashevsky himself was a relative of another defector - the Blumenthal-Tamarin theatrical family, ardent collaborators of the Nazis. After checking, Igor was sent to Normandy as a motorcyclist in one of the German units. Soon, Uncle Blumenthal used all his connections and achieved the return of his beloved nephew to Berlin.

Boxing experience allowed the scout to perform in exhibition fights and in boxing matches among German amateurs. Thanks to his numerous victories, Miklashevsky attracted the attention of Schmeling, with whom he made a close acquaintance through sports. The operation entered its next phase...

Igor also had assistants. He was familiar with the Polish tycoon, Prince Janusz Radziwill, who, although not an NKVD agent, also secretly fought against fascism. Using his connections, the prince was supposed to help Miklashevsky make contacts in the high society of Germany.

Once, at one of the theater premieres, his uncle introduced the intelligence officer to the German theater actress Olga Chekhova, the favorite of the Fuhrer himself. No one except Igor knew that this was our connection, who secretly helped organize the assassination attempt on Hitler.

Hitler himself was a big theater lover and enjoyed attending theater premieres, surrounded by the supreme leadership of the Reich. This is what Miklashevsky decided to take advantage of. However, in response to his message about the opportunity to “remove” Hitler during his visit to one of the performances, a secret message comes from the headquarters - the mission to eliminate Hitler is cancelled.

The fact is that by 1943 there was a clear turning point in the war. Soviet troops won a landslide victory Kursk Bulge, and Stalin was afraid that if the Fuhrer were killed, the Germans would try to conclude an agreement with the allies, exposing the USSR to the attack of the united army.

At the same time, a new order was received from Moscow, according to which Igor, under a false name, was to get a job at a German plant producing bombs. The scout blew up a strategically important object, the enraged Germans were on the trail of the saboteur, and in the ensuing shootout Igor received a bullet in the throat, which, by pure chance, did not hit an artery. They didn’t even check the bloody body, deciding that the fugitive had died from monstrous wounds. At night, bleeding but still alive, Igor was found by a girl named Irene Spade. She took the Russian to the resistance headquarters, where he was treated ambulance. But Miklashevsky needed a real surgeon, and the only solution was to re-enter the ranks of the Nazis. Having dressed him in a German officer's uniform and pocketed documents addressed to Senior Lieutenant Klug, the resisters left Igor next to the remains of a recently blown up car. The Germans picked him up and sent him to the hospital, where a staff surgeon worked on Igor. After he came to his senses, “Klug” was informed that his wife was coming to see him in a couple of days. Miklashevsky had to quickly develop an escape plan, with which a Russian-speaking nurse helped him. The scout got out of the hospital in a car with dirty laundry,

Wounded but alive, Miklashevsky returned to Berlin again, where he lived with his uncle until the beginning of 1945, when everything had settled down a little, a new order was received - to liquidate his uncle. I couldn’t get away with this, I had to flee again, this time to liberated France. There the intelligence officer met the end of the war and for two whole years after the USSR victory over Germany he tracked down the hiding Nazis.

When Igor returned to Moscow, the NKVD officers, after many hours of interrogation, took a non-disclosure agreement, presented him with the “Red Star” in an honorable atmosphere and sent him home. There his wife was waiting for him, whom he married before the war, but the relationship with his wife never worked out. Irene was a thorn in the heart, she pulled out a barely alive fighter “from the other world.”

Only in the late 70s was Miklashevsky able to tell his story, because before that he had to remain silent on pain of death. Previously, for everyone, he was a simple boxing trainer who went through the war and preferred to walk his beloved dog in the morning. By the way, it was Miklashevsky’s dog who later became the hero of the Soviet film of the same name about true friendship and loyalty. White Bim - that was his name.

This truly brave and devoted man died on September 25, 1990 and was buried in Moscow at the Perlovskoye cemetery.

Last week, a feature film about a man whose most of his life was classified as “secret” was shown on television. The “non-fiction” version is narrated by Vladimir Konovalov, a famous sports documentary filmmaker who was friends with Miklashevsky.

In life “after” he became an ordinary coach, working with children. I didn't box myself. He said: “The war took away too much health.” Maybe he was lying somewhere. Because I saw with my own eyes how Igor’s fists worked. We sat in a restaurant and celebrated the release of my film. There is a drunk company nearby, word for word - a fight. The already middle-aged Miklashevsky only needed a couple of blows to put the man down.

Igor's mom - famous actress Chamber Theater Augusta Miklashevskaya. Yesenin felt the most, perhaps, for her. strong feelings, dedicated poems (cycle “The Love of a Hooligan”, 1923). Augusta’s relationship with Yesenin, however, never went beyond the “platonic framework.” Unlike the affair with the married dancer Lashchilin. Lashchilin is Igor's father.

Yesenin brought sweets to Augusta’s son and gave him a camera for his birthday. But boxing gloves Igor took it in his hands much more often. He was a fighter, a C student. I received A's only for the German language.

He was drafted into the army in Leningrad, where he became the city's boxing champion. In 1941, I reached the final of the USSR Championship... The final did not take place, the war began. Instead of boxing - the defense of Leningrad. And then one day NKVD officer Ilyin (later KGB lieutenant general) came to pick him up from Moscow.

Ilyin himself told me about the order to “go after Hitler and destroy him.” Why did you choose Igor? Everything came together - both the language and boxing, which was idolized in Germany. World champion Max Schmeling was special person for the Fuhrer (when he knocked out the American Louis, Hitler ordered the film “Schmeling’s Victory - Germany’s Victory” to be shown in all cinemas). Plus the Miklashevsky family.

After all, Igor’s uncle on his father’s side is famous actor Blumenthal-Tamarin - defected to the Nazis at the beginning of the war. He worked on a German radio broadcasting in the occupied territories of the USSR, reading out fictitious decrees in the voice of Stalin, calling for surrender. And the actress Olga Chekhova, Hitler’s favorite, was Miklashevsky’s distant, but still relative. Chekhova herself, as Ilyin made it clear, was also recruited by us. Ideally, she should have provided Igor with access to the elite of Nazi Germany. Well, ours should have provided the bomb at the right time.

But first the legend. Igor allegedly accidentally doused important person. Then a fight, police, penal battalion, border crossing. Miklashevsky surrendered with the words: “I hate communists, I have an uncle in Berlin, and Olga Chekhova is almost my own aunt.” The Germans gave him a false execution - they put him against the wall and let him shoot bullets. And he bent his “aunt-uncle”. I asked him later: “Was it scary?” “No,” he said. “I knew they wouldn’t shoot me.” It seemed to me that he liked to tickle his nerves. By nature, Igor was a gambling person, an adventurer.

Well, they seemed to believe it, they sent it to Normandy, to German army motorcyclist. There Igor met the Frenchman Maren, who boxed in a cafe. They began to enter the ring together, entertaining the officers. Igor overfed himself, began to win, and one day he heard from his superiors: “Get ready, you’re going to Germany for the army boxing championship.” The year was 1943.

Miklashevsky knocked out his opponent at the championship in the first round. Schmeling was sitting on the podium and liked the Russian boxer. We talked, the Fuhrer’s favorite told him that he would help him gain a foothold in Germany. Everything was going as well as possible. Igor was already able to meet with Chekhova... But news came from Moscow - the order to liquidate Hitler had been cancelled. The war was at a turning point, the Germans were retreating. Stalin feared that the death of the Fuhrer would weaken Germany and that it would come to an agreement with the allies behind the back of the USSR. The fact that the operation was canceled essentially saved Igor’s life. He said: “Before me, 6 people prepared an assassination attempt on Hitler, and all died.”

Igor was given a new task. He, not without the help of Schmeling, was able to get a job at a German bomb factory in Alsace. And he blew it up. When the Germans realized it, they shot everyone who worked at the plant. Igor received a bullet in the throat, it passed a millimeter from the aorta. The next morning, he was found, barely breathing, in a pile of corpses by the Frenchwoman Irene Spade. She pulled him out and took him to the partisans. Their doctor patched up Igor a little, but said: “We need a normal surgeon, otherwise he won’t last long.” And then a plan matured.

The partisans dressed Miklashevsky in a German uniform, put documents addressed to Senior Lieutenant Klug in his pocket and placed them on the road near an army car that had been bombed the day before. Soon the Germans drove along the road, picked up the “officer” and took him to their hospital. Miklashevsky simply could not give himself away; a wound to the throat did not allow him to make sounds. After a month and a half, things began to improve and the doctor said: “I see you, Klug, have gotten stronger. I have good news“Your wife is coming to see you from Berlin tomorrow.” What a joy, imagine! Klug's wife! While Igor was thinking about his plan of action, an elderly nurse entered the room and began humming a Russian song. He whispered: “Are you Russian?” “Yes,” the woman answered. “I am the wife of Professor Vinogradov, who was allowed to receive treatment in the West.” “And I’m from Moscow, from Konyushkov,” said Igor. - Help!

He got out of the hospital in a truck with laundry and joined the French partisans. After the victory, he registered with the commandant’s office and patrolled Paris. And one day a woman called out to him on the street. It was Irene Spade, whom Igor simply could not recognize - he was unconscious when she saved him... In general, they began a romantic relationship. But I don’t know how serious everything was there - after all, Igor had a wife waiting for him at home. He got married before the war.

Neither his wife nor his mother really knew where Igor was. They guessed that he was on a mission and hoped that he would return... And he returned. In 1947, I landed at a Moscow airfield and saw people with flowers. “What a meeting!” - I thought. But it turned out that the flowers were intended for the Dynamo team, who had arrived from a foreign tour. The NKVD was waiting for him. Interrogations, interrogations, interrogations... Relations with his wife became cool, because due to the investigation, Miklashevsky could not work or feed his family. Igor himself was surprised why they believed him in the end. Apparently, SUCH a story could not simply be made up. How were merits assessed? They just gave me a “Red Star”. That's all. Live and be silent. For the first time, Igor was able to tell something about himself only in the late 70s. And before that, for everyone, he was just a boxing trainer who loved to walk his dog. You know this dog. Rostotsky filmed it in his film - this is the same white Bim with a black ear.

MIKLASHEVSKY IGOR LVOVICH 05/30/1918-09/25/1990, Leningrad. Born into the family of the famous dramatic actress AUGUSTA LEONIDOVNA MIKLASHEVSKAYA. Boxer, champion of Leningrad in the middle weight 1938, 1939. Studied in Moscow at GCOLIFK. The war was met with anti-aircraft artillery loading. guns. Command, knowing that Igor has owned since childhood German language, sent him to reconnaissance. school. In 1942 he was thrown deep behind enemy lines to independently carry out a combat mission. To legalize, he began performing in the ring under his own name. Using the fact that he was the nephew of the famous Soviet theater figure Blumenthal-Tamarin, who voluntarily went over to the Germans, he managed to get to Berlin and gain the trust of representatives of military sports. As a good boxer, he enjoyed the patronage of the popular professional boxer in Germany, Max Schmeling, who was part of Hitler’s inner circle. He was behind enemy lines from the end of 1942 to the fall of 1944. Having completed the task (thwarting the assassination attempt on Hitler so that Germany would not conclude a separate peace with the West), he returned safely to his own. He was the prototype of the main character of the book by the writer G. Sviridov “Stand to the end.” Awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle. After the war he worked as a coach and in administrative and sports positions. Judge VK.

Igor Lvovich Miklashevsky(May 30, Moscow - September 25, Moscow) - Soviet athlete, Leningrad middleweight boxing champion (1941), participant in the Great Patriotic War, NKVD employee, coach, sports judge. Cousin of Hero of Russia Natalia Alexandrovna Kachuevskaya (1922-1942).

Biography [ | ]

1918-1941 [ | ]

Igor was born and raised in a theatrical family. His father, Lev Aleksandrovich Lashchilin (-), was a famous ballet dancer, choreographer and teacher at the Bolshoi Theater. Mother, actress of the Chamber Theater Augusta Leonidovna Miklashevskaya (-). The parents were not officially married (by this time Lashchilin was already married). At the age of eight, Igor met Lashchilin’s sister, Inna Alexandrovna, and her husband (and, therefore, Igor’s uncle, although not by blood), a prominent representative famous theatrical dynasty Vsevolod Aleksandrovich Blumenthal-Tamarin. While studying at school, Igor achieved success in learning the German language and especially in sports - he became interested in boxing. After graduating from school, he entered (but did not finish) the State Center for Physical Culture and Sports and received the title of Master of Sports.

1941-1942 [ | ]

How an athlete with a good command of German came to the attention of the intelligence services. His “recruitment” at the end of 1941 was personally carried out by NKVD officers V.N. Ilyin (commissioner of state security, head of the 3rd department of the Secret Political Directorate of the NKVD, was in prison from 1943 to 1952, since 1955 - secretary of the Moscow branch of the Writers' Union , Lieutenant General of the KGB) and P. A. Sudoplatov (chief of the 2nd department of the NKVD, later, after a 15-year imprisonment, writer). He agreed to carry out a “special” (that is, secret) task behind enemy lines, the essence of which was not revealed to him, and in 1942 he underwent appropriate training, presumably at an intelligence school located in the city of Slobodsky near Kirov. In December 1942, his escape across the front line and surrender were staged. He passed a thorough check, during which it turned out (as was provided for by his “legend”) his relationship with Vsevolod Blumenthal-Tamarin, which was additional evidence of the sincerity of his act. The fact is that at the end of 1941, the Blumenthal-Tamarin spouses, who lived in a dacha cooperative occupied by the Germans near the village of Manikino, not far from Istra, voluntarily left with the German troops retreating from Moscow. Already in February 1942, regular speeches by Blumenthal-Tamarin began on the radio, presumably from Kyiv, in which he and all his acting skills, even to the point of imitating Stalin's voice, called Soviet soldiers surrender, and the population cooperate with the invaders. At the same time, he was appointed by the German authorities as the chief director of the Kyiv Russian Drama Theater, which resumed work shortly after the occupation of the city. He staged A. Korneychuk’s play “Front”, turning it into an evil satire on the Red Army called “This is how they fight...”, and acted in it main role- General Gorlov (in the “alteration” - General Gorlopanov). On March 27, 1942, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced him to death in absentia.

"Special" task[ | ]

The task Miklashevsky received was as follows: the NKVD drew up a plan for the liquidation of Hitler, according to which Janusz Radziwill (an influential Polish prince and politician who ended up in the NKVD in 1939 during the “partition” of Poland and agreed to cooperate) and Olga Chekhova who lived in Berlin (the Fuhrer's favorite actress, ex-wife Mikhail Chekhov, and part-time the liaison of Lavrentiy Beria himself), were supposed to, with the help of their friends among the German aristocracy, provide access to Hitler to a group of agents abandoned in Germany and who were underground in Berlin. The leadership of the group was entrusted to Igor Miklashevsky, who was supposed to settle in Berlin with the help of Blumenthal-Tamarin.

1945-1990 [ | ]

Miklashevsky remained in France for two years after the end of the war, according to some information he followed the Vlasovites who fled to the West - the remnants of General Vlasov’s army. Returned to Soviet Union in 1947, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. He did not serve in the intelligence unit, but returned to sports. He was only 29 years old, but the injury he received prevented him from performing in the ring. However, he achieved success as a coach, who trained several USSR champions, and as a judge in the all-Union category. For many years before his retirement, he worked as a boxing coach in the sports society “Trudovye Reservy”; in the late 1970s, he was one of his students, and subsequently famous writer and historian.
Igor Miklashevsky became the prototype of the main character in Georgy Sviridov’s fictional stories “Stand to the Last” and “Time of Retribution.” Later, both of these works were combined into the documentary-fiction novel “Scout Igor Miklashevsky”