early years

Yakov Yurovsky was born in the city of Tomsk into a large working-class Jewish family, the eighth of ten children. His father Mikhail Ilyich was a glazier, his mother was a seamstress. Studied at primary school river area, then (since 1890) craft. In exile in Germany, together with his entire family (wife Maria Yakovlevna, three children, one of whom, Alexander Yakovlevich, later became a rear admiral of the USSR fleet) converted to Lutheranism.

Revolutionary activities

Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky is a native of Kainsk (Tomsk province), where he was born in 1878. Like many other proletarian leaders (Marx, Sverdlov, etc.), he was the grandson of a rabbi, and began revolutionary activities in 1905 in Tomsk. He himself does not say, but according to some indirect data it is clear that at first he participated in the military organizations of the Bund, and then, following the example of Sverdlov, he joined the Bolsheviks. At first, Yurovsky was involved in distributing Marxist literature, and after the failure of the underground printing house, when other revolutionaries were sent to prison, he remained in charge of the Tomsk workers, and in 1912 he was expelled from Tomsk for “harmful activities,” for some reason with permission to choose his place of residence. So he found himself “exiled” from ordinary Tomsk to Yekaterinburg, where he immediately started a watch workshop and photography with some funds, and, as he describes it, “he was in full view of the gendarmes and the police, where I was often dragged,” and “the gendarmerie nagged him,” forcing him to take photographs of suspicious persons and prisoners. Nevertheless, his workshop was simultaneously a headquarters for the Bolsheviks and a laboratory for the production of passports for them. In 1916, he was called to serve as a paramedic at a local hospital (he specially studied medicine - like his full namesake Sverdlov: they believed that a proletarian revolutionary should know poisons to exterminate the opponents of the proletarians). So Yurovsky became an active agitator among the soldiers, and after February Revolution sold his photo workshop, and with the proceeds he organized the Bolshevik printing house "Ural Worker" (the business clearly promised greater benefits - as it turned out), became a member of the Council of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, a prominent Bolshevik and one of the main leaders of the Bolshevik revolution in the Urals, about which he described in detail at a meeting of participants in revolutionary events in January 1934. As he said, in April 1917, Sverdlov came to Yekaterinburg from the Central Committee of the “beks” (as they were then called) and began organizing delegates to the All-Russian Conference of Beks (it took place on April 24, and at it Lenin announced a plan for the transition to a socialist revolution). At the same time, Sverdlov, attracting the personnel he trained here, was preparing an alternative coup in the Urals - in case there was a failure in St. Petersburg, and then the beks would take revenge in the Urals. Aron Solts did the same in Tyumen, Samuil Zwilling in Chelyabinsk, and so on. Under the Ural Council, a Military Department was organized for this purpose, headed by Filipp Goloshchekin (aka Shaya Isaakovich), sent by Sverdlov, and Yurovsky became his deputy. To arm the workers, they confiscated weapons from trains going to the front. During the Bolshevik coup in October 1917, they organized the Military Revolutionary Committee, which also included some anarchists and left Socialist Revolutionaries, and from the beks Vayner, Krestinsky, Voikov, Branitsky and Yurovsky. And they announced the transfer of power to this Military Revolutionary Committee, and soon this Military Revolutionary Committee transferred power to the Urals Council. At the end of November, in the wake of the euphoria of the proletarian revolution, re-elections were held to the Urals Council (led by Yurovsky and Khokhryakov), as a result of which the majority of this council turned out to be supporters of the beks, and soon Pavel Bykov, Sverdlov’s personal militant, was “elected” as chairman of the Council, whom he appointed a member of the St. Petersburg VRK. In October, Bykov organized the shelling of the Winter Palace from the Peter and Paul Fortress and participated in its assault, led operations to suppress the uprising of the cadets, at the Second Congress of Soviets that took power, he was elected to the Central Executive Committee, and then went to the Urals with the mandate of a representative of the central government, which gave him Sverdlov - to replace the chairman of the Urals Council Sosnovsky, who refused this honor because he was afraid... Having established its power, the Urals Council immediately imposed an indemnity of 10 million rubles on the rich and factory owners - for the maintenance of their power, and in response to the sabotage of the bourgeoisie announced the transfer of plant management to control of working committees. This was first carried out at the Nadezhdinsky plant, which the Ural Bolsheviks proudly boast of: they sent a deputation to Lenin, who received them on December 5 and approved their actions, but began to scold them for not arresting the enemies of the revolution: “the scoundrels who are killing starving working families, saboteurs closing factories must be immediately arrested... and the factories taken away. And manage things ourselves” (quote from B. Krupatkin’s article “With Lenin in the Heart”). On December 7, at the Commissariat of Labor, they were given the first-ever act on the transfer of plant management to a collective of workers, and on December 9, the Council of People’s Commissars issued a decree “On the confiscation and declaration of all property as the property of the Russian Republic.” joint stock company Theological Mountain Society". And they took a subscription from the Urals themselves with an obligation to diligently preserve proletarian property and increase labor productivity... But the seizure of the factories did not bring dividends to the Bolsheviks (then, in 1925, many of them were transferred to the concession of the English company Lena Goldfields and other bourgeois companies), and when Lenin was forced to conclude the obscene, as he himself said, Brest Peace, the Urals Soviet announced that it did not recognize the decision of the central government and declared revolutionary war on Germany. The nationalization of banks was announced and carried out, and to ensure the military operations of the Urals Council against the Germans, the beks began searching for hidden valuables. Yurovsky was then a Member of the Board of the Regional Cheka and Chairman of the Investigative Commission of the Revolutionary Tribunal, he and Khokhryakov with detachments of Red Guards went to the houses of the rich and took away valuables for the revolutionary struggle with Germany: as he describes, in one house they found 10 pounds (160 kilograms) of gold, in another several pounds, then from the breeder Agafurov Yurovsky confiscated about 2 pounds of gold and many jewelry... All this was taken as if for storage in the national bank and transferred to the Commissioner of the State Bank Voikov. They took another half a pound of diamonds (8 kilograms) from the bodies of the royal daughters they killed - but their story is complicated. Bykov, in his memoirs about Sverdlov, writes that he had a connection with Sverdlov, and Sverdlov, under the threat of the capture of the Romanovs by Kolchak’s men, “resolved the issue without a formal people’s court, proposing to shoot Romanov in Yekaterinburg.” Previously, he and Goloshchekin organized the transfer of the Romanovs to Yekaterinburg, and Yurovsky was appointed commandant of the house where the royal family was kept. Yurovsky writes that on July 16 a telegram was received to conventional language , containing an order for the extermination of the Romanovs, and Pyotr Ermakov (also a militant of Sverdlov and the head of the security of the special purpose house) writes that the directive from the center about the execution of the Tsar (but not the Tsar’s family) was signed by Sverdlov, and the Urals Council, influenced by the opinion of the workers, decided shoot everyone. Goloshchekin (Military Commissar and Commissioner of Justice of the Ural Region) at 6 pm ordered Yurovsky to carry out the order. Yurovsky claims that he personally shot Romanov with his Mauser, other participants (Ermakov, Medvedev, and some Magyars) shot the rest, and bayoneted those who were not killed. In total, they killed 12 people, including servants and family doctor Botkin. The destruction of the corpses was entrusted to Ermakov, but Yurovsky allegedly did not trust him, considering him sloppy, and decided to also participate. It can be assumed that through the Tsarina’s personal jeweler Rabinovich (who had access to her through Rasputin), Yurovsky, a jeweler himself, somehow knew that the Tsarina was buying diamonds and wanted to find them. They threw the bodies of the dead into an abandoned mine, and a day later they returned and began to burn them with acid and fire, trying to destroy any possibility of leaving any relics. At the same time, as Ermakov writes, it was discovered that diamonds were sewn into the clothes of the princesses - with a total weight of about half a pound... Although at the same time they sent a train with the valuables of the State Bank to Moscow, about the diamonds found on the bodies of the princesses, Yurovsky writes that all this “was buried in the Alapaevsky plant, in one of the houses in the underground, dug up in 19 and brought to Moscow.” However, in the inventory of the valuables of the royal family, only fur coats, silver cutlery, icons in silver frames, and similar things are described, but diamonds do not appear, and their true fate is not known... They sent other valuables stored in the State Bank by train to Moscow through Perm, and Yurovsky fled from the White Guards on the second train with party archives. A participant in the removal of valuables, Semyon Glukhikh, a member of the control board at the regional commissariat of finance (and he was also a guard of the Romanovs), writes that they were carrying gold, platinum and banknotes worth 100 million rubles, minted in chromo-lithography by the Bolsheviks (he calls them banknotes of the Ural region), and they surrendered all this in Perm, since the path to Moscow was then blocked due to the Socialist Revolutionary uprising in Yaroslavl. Then it was all transported to Moscow. The removal of Ural valuables caused outrage and an uprising in Yekaterinburg: a rally began at the Verkh-Isetsky plant (then a suburb of Yekaterinburg) under the slogans “Down with the commissars! "," Long live the Constituent Assembly! knows Lenin personally, and he should be shot, since he “undoubtedly brings evil to Russia.” Goloshchekin and Yurovsky with a detachment of Red Guards and machine guns came to suppress them, and they, according to Ermakov’s assistant Alexander Medvedev, “were unarmed and could not respond.” The rebels were dispersed and shot, and about the fate of Ardashev, Medvedev claims (TsDOOSO, fund 221, inventory 2, No. 816, sheet 82) that he lured him into a trap by deception and handed him over to the Cheka, and he was shot, like many others. This was dealt with by a specially organized revolutionary tribunal, in which Yurovsky was a member and chairman of the investigative commission. Yurovsky does not report the number of his victims, but according to Medvedev, they “mercilessly shot everyone who showed anti-Soviet activity,” and “after that the city became quiet and the population took the position of ‘my hut is on the edge’...”

The memoirs of the murderer of the Royal Family, Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky, as is known, were taken as the basis for the official investigation of the crime in 1993. The final result of the investigation was the burial in 1998 of the Yekaterinburg remains in the Imperial Peter and Paul Cathedral. “The most objective are the memories of the commandant of the Special Purpose House, the Ipatiev House, Y.M. Yurovsky,” reported Prosecutor General of the Russian Federation Yu.I. Skuratov in a letter to Patriarch of Moscow and All Rus' Alexei II. (Repentance. Materials of the government commission. M., 1998. p. 271).

However, the striking fact of discrepancy between the commandant’s most important testimony and the conclusions of the investigation remains unexplained: Yurovsky claimed that he and his henchmen burned the body of “maid of honor Demidova” on the night of July 18-19 in Porosenkov Log near Yekaterinburg. He was mistaken, if you believe the genetic examination carried out within the framework of criminal case No. 18/123 666-93 “On clarifying the circumstances of the death of members of the Russian Imperial House and people from their circle in the period 1918-1919.”

According to the conclusion of the investigator of the Prosecutor General's Office V. Solovyov, Demidova's remains were in a mass grave in Porosenkov Log and were not exposed to fire. The remains of Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna and Tsarevich Alexei were missing from the grave.

Forensic science knows many examples when it is a significant detail that helps restore the true picture of a crime and put together scattered facts. Yurovsky’s “mistake” (in quotes because the truth has yet to be established) allows us to look again at the picture painted in the “most objective memoirs” of the killer of the Royal Family.

From Yurovsky’s “mistake” it follows that he not only did not know exactly whose body his henchmen were burning, but he did not know exactly who was buried nearby in a common grave under his, as he claims, leadership! According to a 2007 find, the fire was located 70 meters from the grave. Yurovsky bad memory did not suffer, did not suffer anywhere, according to his recollections, on the night of July 18-19, did not leave the place of burial and burning of bodies, did not doze, did not sleep, did not do anything other than instructions for 4-7 hours (according to his different versions of time ). The fire, doused with kerosene, should have burned brightly: after all, they “unloaded and opened the barrels,” as Yurovsky recalls.

The killer, who died in a Kremlin hospital in 1938, did not read the conclusion of the genetic examination (unlike the works of the white investigator N. Sokolov, who had been well studied by him), and repeats the “mistake” twice, in his two main testimonies.

“Yurovsky’s Note,” written with the participation of the historian M. Pokrovsky in 1920 (date according to the words of the regicide’s son), contains the following confession: “ In case the plan with the mines had failed, it was decided to burn the corpses, having previously disfigured them beyond recognition. They wanted to burn Alexei and Alexandra Fedorovna, but by mistake, instead of the latter, they burned the maid of honor with Alexei. Then they buried the remains right there under the fire and lit the fire again, which completely covered up the traces of digging.”(Zhuk Yu.A. Confession of the regicides. Moscow: “Veche”, 2008, p. 287).

In 1934, 16 years after the events described, in a very narrow circle of old Bolsheviks, Yurovsky repeated the “mistake.” Time has changed nothing in his memory: “They lit a fire right away and while they were preparing the grave, they burned two corpses - Alexei and instead Alexandra Fedorovna, apparently burned Demidova.”(ibid., p. 331).

Another mention of the burning is contained in a memoir from 1922 entitled “The Last Tsar Found His Place.” Without naming the victim, Yurovsky talks about a “test” on one corpse. “They unloaded the corpses. The barrels were opened. They put one corpse in for testing. Dead body, however, it burned relatively quickly. Then I ordered to start burning Alexei. It seemed impossible to burn the remaining corpses. It was already early morning... I had to bury these corpses in a hole"(ibid., p. 299). If you believe the memoirs of 1920 and 1934, then the body of the “maid of honor” was taken for the “sample”. But for some reason, the “test” in the memories is nameless, and it did not help Yurovsky clarify the name of the victim in other stories.

Even more significant is that Yurovsky himself admits that he may be mistaken: “they obviously burned Demidova.” There was something that prevented him from expressing himself unambiguously; there was an obstacle in identifying the murdered woman. This is one of those killer confessions in which he speaks sincerely. The possibility of error did not frighten Yurovsky. In the end, this was not so important - it did not seem necessary or possible to verify what was said, it did not change the main thing in the burial picture - the number. There were nine bodies in the grave. The absence of two more was explained by their burning.

But the circumstances that prevented Yurovsky from identifying the burned body as the body lowered into the grave are capable of completely changing the entire picture of the funeral he has piled up. Genetics is unable to answer the question: why Yurovsky “made a mistake”. This is the area of ​​logic, psychology and even psychiatry. They, coupled with reliable facts, can explain what prevented Yurovsky from identifying the bodies of the murdered. The material for the analysis is Yurovsky’s published, well-known memoirs of 1920, 1922 and 1934, which, as far as we know, were not the subject of a study of the indicated contradiction in the killer’s testimony and the conclusions of the official investigation.

Undoubtedly, Yurovsky knew better than anyone else what the members of the Royal Family and their servants looked like. The Red Army soldier Sukhorukov, the only one who confirms Yurovsky’s story about the burning of only two bodies, was also mistaken, claiming that “the heir was the first to get on the altar, the second youngest daughter Anastasia” (ibid., p. 459). But he was not familiar with the royal children. Arriving at the mine with a detachment on the second day, so that in the morning, according to him, he could start removing bodies from the mine (and not at night, as Yurovsky claimed), he could identify the dead only from the words of his comrades.

Yurovsky is a different matter. Two weeks before the massacre, he appeared at the post of commandant of the Ipatiev House and every morning, according to his testimony, at 10 o’clock he walked around the rooms, checking the arrestees “for their appearance.” The former photographer Yurovsky had a good memory. While studying in Berlin, his teacher found in his student “special abilities for seeing an object.” Before the revolution, Yurovsky ran a photo studio in Yekaterinburg.

After the execution of the Royal Family and servants, Yurovsky finished off the wounded: “from the bitter experience of the Cheka, I knew that when you trust people, they don’t finish the shooting” (ibid., p. 312). Recalling, he methodically listed: “For example, Doctor Botkin... finished him off with one shot. Alexey, Anastasia and Olga were also alive. Demidova was also alive... I was forced to shoot everyone one by one” (Memoirs of 1922, “Confession” ..., p. 292). There were no problems identifying the victims. Yurovsky probably also determined the pulse of those executed. He mentions this without identifying himself, but there was no other doctor. The only story of machine gunner Kabanov about the presence of a doctor has not been confirmed by anyone, and Yurovsky served as a paramedic in a military hospital in Yekaterinburg during the First World War, leaving there as a deputy from the workers in 1914.

According to Yurovsky, on July 17, in the forest at the mine where the bodies were taken, he personally searched the dead for jewelry (except for those that he had taken from the basement of the Ipatiev House). Did he arrive at the abandoned mine (Ganina Yama) at night along with the bodies of the dead (as he describes) or did he appear later, in the afternoon on horseback (the schedule of the movement of cars and horsemen into the forest, compiled by the White Guard investigation, records the arrival and departure of 2 horsemen on July 17) , or came twice (a distance of 20 km by horse or car can be covered in an hour or less) in this issue does not change the main thing - on July 17, the last time Yurovsky identified those killed during a search for jewelry and the identification of Grand Duchess Maria did not cause difficulties. He described the search near the mine in 1922 in detail.

“I started stripping the corpses. Having undressed the corpse of one of the daughters, I discovered a corset in which something was tightly sewn... The jewelry ended up on Tatiana, Olga and Anastasia. Here again Mary’s special position in the family was confirmed. She had no jewelry on her” (ibid., p. 297). The mutilated faces covered in dried blood on July 17 are still recognizable for some time.

According to Yurovsky, after 2 o’clock he left for Yekaterinburg to report and “demand help,” leaving the bodies of those killed with Pyotr Ermakov and returned again on the same day late at night. “At 11.30 (in the evening - author) we went there and started dragging out.” All night from July 17 to 18, he said, bodies were taken out of the mine. He did not leave any evidence in what condition Yurovsky found the corpses in upon his return from the city and the removal of the bodies from the mine. The exception is brief mentions of the use of bombs and grenades on the first day. So, in 1934, Yurovsky recalled: “When it turned out that they (the bodies of the dead) could not be left, the guys suggested: “Let’s blow it up with bombs and it will all be covered.” That’s why there were scraps of bodies” (“Confession”..., p. 314). In 1920, in “Yurovsky’s Note,” he, calling himself a commandant, again spoke about the use of explosives: “When trying to fill up the mine with hand grenades, obviously, the corpses were damaged and some parts were torn off from them. This explains the presence of a severed finger, etc., in this place by the whites” (ibid., p. 287). The dull explosions of grenades were heard on July 17 by the peasants of the village of Koptyaki. From the mentions of bombs, the conclusion follows - returning from Yekaterinburg late at night from July 17 to 18, Yurovsky could see not only bodies, but also “scraps of bodies”: the disfigurement and dismemberment of the bodies of the dead began. But identification of the bodies removed from the mine was still possible - if the casually mentioned order to burn the prince along with his mother Alexandra Fedorovna dates back to this time (and not the night of July 19). Yurovsky speaks twice about when and how the decision was made to burn the corpses. In 1934, he recalled: “In the executive committee (July 17. - Author) I reported that it could not be left like this. There was a certain Polushin... He suggested burning them. But no one knows. In short, literally the whole day until 11 and a half o'clock I was fiddling around to organize this matter. Voikov sent a note to take a barrel of gasoline and sulfuric acid.” In 1920, in Yurovsky’s Note, the decision to burn was presented more vaguely: “In case the plan with the mines had not succeeded, it was decided to burn the corpses or bury them in clay pits filled with water, having previously disfigured the corpses beyond recognition with sulfuric acid” (ibid. , p. 287). Yurovsky did not write a single word about how the decision to destroy the corpses with fire and acid was carried out on the second day at the mine. But, for example, he told his assistant G. Nikulin about this orally, and the testimony of this person close to him was preserved!

Yurovsky's story about the second day after the execution of the royal family, recorded from his words by M.N. Pokrovsky, is distinguished by his taciturnity. If to describe the events of July 17, not counting prepositions, he needed about 1000 words (of which 470 words were used to describe the murder and removal of bodies), then on July 18, starting with the words “meanwhile it dawned, it was already the third day (18th) ” and ending with the phrase “they were able to set off only at 9 pm” (ibid., “Confession”..., p. 287) is described using 101 words, including sentences written later by hand. Ten times fewer words were needed to describe the second day after the murder. There are even fewer words to describe this day in 1934. What is behind this reticence? Lack of events or something else? What is hidden behind the meager listing of two events that took place at the mine on the second day after the murder? During this day, Yurovsky recalls digging an unnecessary hole, which was buried because of an accidental witness of a peasant, and his departure to Yekaterinburg “with a report to the Urals Executive Committee.” When he returned, “a moving caravan with corpses,” as he put it, had already set off to a new place. (In 1934, in the memoirs, the pit occupies half of the text; the departure is not mentioned at all; the rest of the text concerns unfulfilled burial plans). Temporary absence or a desire to hide something made Yurovsky taciturn, but there are established facts that dramatically change the eventless picture of July 18 depicted by the commandant.

The day, dryly described by Yurovsky, was unprecedented in its liveliness: never before had there been so many cars at the railway crossing, on the road leading to the abandoned mine, as on July 18. The top of the revolutionary power of the Urals arrived in the wilderness and cars appeared with barrels of kerosene and bottles of acid.

White investigator Sokolov established the fact: starting from 9 am, 40 pounds (640 kg) of kerosene and 11 pounds of 14 pounds (176 kg) of sulfuric acid were brought to the mine. For each person killed, there was an impressive amount of fuel and acid. Judging by the amount of kerosene and acid delivered, a decision was made to destroy all the corpses; they did not count on two people, one of whom was a child, and not on the suits of 11 people - the clothes were burned before the bodies were thrown into the mine. There is still no explanation why, after such thorough preparations for burning at the mine, the Bolsheviks abandoned this idea, having stayed there for almost a day, digging and burying an unnecessary pit, of course, according to Yurovsky. White Guard investigator Sokolov collected evidence that the vessels with acid at the mine were opened. Burnt metal parts of clothing and shoes, melted bullets, and burnt bones indicated the high temperature of the three fire pits found. 36 bullets were found melted or intact in and near fires: in 1918 -1919. 27 bullets were found (including 24 pieces of lead that leaked from the bullets). Another 9 were found by Avdonin’s group in 2000. How did the bullets hit the fires at the mine? According to the calculations of modern criminologists, about 59 bullets were fired during the execution. More than half ended up in the mine outside the bodies. How could this happen? Such a number of bullets could not have been in the burned clothes. The “diamond bras” of the Tsar’s daughters, mentioned by Yurovsky, could not hold back such a number of bullets. It is absurd to say that half of the shots were fired by three girls. According to criminologist-expert Yu. Grigoriev, “such a number of bullets could not only be in clothes. The bullets were exposed to fire and acid while in body tissue. Consequently, the fact of dismemberment of bodies, exposure to fragments of acid and burning is undeniable" (Grigoriev Yu. The last Emperor. With. 264). Let us repeat that if the clothes of the dead were burned at the stake without treating them with acid (and the acid was brought only the next day, for “disfigurement”), the bullets should have been intact. But the missing copper casings and leaking lead cores indicate that the bullets were exposed to fire and acid - and not in the clothes that were burned on the first day, but in the bodies of the dead. In the materials of the official investigation, the question of what and how the fuel was used, or where the bullets in the fires came from, was not raised.

The departure of Bolshevik leaders to the mine was like an emergency meeting. During the day, the head of the Ural Bolsheviks, Shaya Goloshchekin (party nickname Philip), went into the forest in a passenger car. As the Ural District Military Commissar, Goloshchekin played a greater role in the Urals than Yurovsky, had at his disposal an International detachment of 400 people and had personal relations with the Chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee Ya.M. Sverdlov. When problems arose, he went to Moscow and all issues were resolved. Chairman of the Ural Regional Council of Workers, Peasants and Army Deputies A. Beloborodov and his assistant Safarov also arrived at the mine. A very high-ranking member of the executive committee of the Ural Regional Council, Supply Commissioner Pinhus Weiner (Peter Voikov, in whose honor Muscovites recently wished to leave the name of a metro station) also arrived. Safarov and Voikov were seen on July 18 by peasants in the village of Koptyaki. Members of the Ural Regional Cheka V.M. arrived. Gorin and I.I. Rodzinsky. Goloshchekin and his assistants remained in place all night, until the morning of July 19, while a caravan of carts with Red Army soldiers and a truck (and allegedly with bodies, according to Yurovsky) left the mine at 9 pm. What kept Goloshchekin all night at the place of destruction of the dead, if the bodies were taken out? What ritual of victory over the monarch was celebrated by this “high-ranking fanatic,” as General Dieterichs put it? One can only say that it was a sleepless night. The watchman at crossing No. 803, Ekaterina Privalova, showed A. Sokolov to the investigation: “On this day (July 18), a light car passed into Koptyaki. There were three or four people sitting in it. Of them, I only saw Goloshchekin. I had seen him before and knew him by sight. The next day (July 19), early in the morning at dawn, when I was driving out the cow, this car passed back. Goloshchekin and several people were sitting in it again, but I don’t know these or others. He was sitting in the car and sleeping." We also saw this car in Verkh-Isetsk when it was returning to the city. Witness Zubritskaya testified: “There were some people in the car. I couldn’t see their costumes or their appearance. They all sat dejectedly, their heads hung down, as if drunk or sleepy, they had not gotten enough sleep” (Sokolov N.A. Murder of the Royal Family. Baku, 1991, p. 305).

On July 18, Yurovsky also appeared at the mine. His car brought shovels. Since Yurovsky is laconic in his story about the second day after the murder, it is necessary to give the floor to other witnesses and participants in the crime.

"ASHES WERE BURIED"

Pyotr Ermakov, a former convict, head of the fighting squad and military commissar of Verkh-Isetsk, was entrusted with the burial of the dead from the very beginning. He was in Urochishche for two days. Ermakov left 2 certificates. In the handwritten text prepared for the collection of materials for the 10th anniversary of the murder of the Romanovs, a brief description of the “first crematorium” is left: “On the night of July 17, all the corpses were taken out of the mine in order to finally put an end to the Romanovs and so that their friends would not think of creating holy relics. All the corpses were burned with sulfuric acid and gasoline."(Zhuk Yu.A. Confession of the Regicides.., p. 46).

In the surviving handwritten version of the 40-50s, under the heading “The Tsar Found His Place,” the following is said: “ From the 17th to the 18th I arrived in the forest again, brought a rope, they lowered me into the mine... when they pulled everyone out, then I ordered them to be put on a gig, they took them away from the mine, laid out the firewood into three groups, doused them with kerosene, and doused them with sulfuric acid , the corpses burned to ashes and the ashes were buried. All this happened at 12 o’clock at night from July 17 to 18.”(ibid., p. 111).

Former security officer Isaiah Rodzinsky, although he complained about his memory, remembered the details. Answering questions 46 years later, of which he served 15 years in Stalin’s camps, he recalled on May 15, 1964 at the Committee on Radio and Television: “ But I remember, Nikolai was burned, there was this same Botkin... I can’t tell you for sure now, that’s just a memory. We burned either four, or five, or six people. I don’t remember who exactly. They definitely burned Nikolai, I remember Botkin and, in my opinion, Alexei. They burned them for a long time. They poured kerosene on it. Lily something else that was so potent, they planted it on the tree. We've been fiddling with this matter for a long time. Even while they were burning, I went and reported to the city. I went and then came again. It was already night. He arrived in a car that belonged to Berzin. This is how, in fact, they buried it" ( there, s. 426).

G.P. Nikulin, an assistant commandant who enjoyed his special favor and took part in the execution of the Royal Family and servants, recalled: “As Yurovsky told me... several bottles of sulfuric acid were delivered. They lit such huge fires and began to burn these corpses: some with sulfuric acid, some with fires.”(Zhuk Yu.A. Confession of the Regicides.., p. 214).

Supply Commissioner P. Voikov, according to the memoirs of diplomat G.Z. Besedovsky (later a defector), drunkenly, told him on the eve of 1927 in Warsaw how “ he had to prepare everything necessary to destroy the corpses. For this work, 15 responsible employees of the Yekaterinburg and Verkhisetsky party organizations were allocated. They were equipped with new pointed axes, such as those used in butcher shops for chopping up carcasses. In addition, Voikov prepared sulfuric acid and gasoline. The destruction of the corpses began the very next day and was carried out under the supervision of Goloshchekin and Beloborodov, who came from Yekaterinburg to the forest several times. The hardest work was cutting up corpses. Voikov recalled this picture with an involuntary shudder. He said that when this work was completed, near the mine lay a huge bloody mass of human stumps, arms, legs, torsos and heads. This bloody mass was doused with gasoline and sulfuric acid and immediately burned for two days in a row. The taken reserves of gasoline and sulfuric acid were not enough. I had to bring new supplies from Yekaterinburg several times and sit all the time in an atmosphere of burnt human flesh, in smoke that smelled of blood. ... It was a terrible picture. We are all participantsthe burnings were suppressed by this nightmare. Even Yurovsky couldn’t stand it in the end and said that a few more days like this and he would have gone crazy.”(Besedovsky G.Z. On the way to Thermidor. M., 1997, pp. 111-116).

Three days after the funeral of the remains, drunken Red Army soldiers boasted to the Koptyakov peasants: “We burned your Nikolka and everyone there.” The prominent Bolshevik figure Valek, who was interrogated by Sokolov three hours before the execution, spoke about the burning. He testified that after a conversation with Beloborodov, he got the impression that the bodies of the dead were burned.

Each piece of evidence requires special analysis in connection with the person to whom it belongs. Events and dates of the past were confused in the minds of the killers not only because of the passage of time, but also because of the desire to hide something important. When asked who took part in the execution of the royal family, Rodzinsky answers briefly 46 years later - I don’t remember. Don't remember a single name was for former employee Cheka is safer even after decades. In matters of secondary importance, Rodzinsky is verbose and remembers a lot. Pyotr Ermakov strives in every possible way to prove his merits; he attributes all the management of the funeral to himself. But everyone, one way or another, talks about the destruction of the bodies of those killed by fire and acid. Unlike numerous witnesses, Yurovsky and the Red Army soldier Sukhorukov remain the only couple. which claims that the bodies of 9 people were buried in a common grave in Porosenkov Log. But Yurovsky has seemingly undeniable physical evidence: a grave with dimensions indicated to the nearest arshin!

RESERVATION

There is a strange clause in Yurovsky’s memoirs. “One of the Red Guards who arrived after their arrival brought me a rather large diamond, weighing 8 carats, and said that here, take the stone, I found it where the corpses were burned” (Zhuk Yu.A. Confessions of the Regicides.., p. 287). This was written in 1922 in Moscow, in papers preserved in a typewritten version with handwritten edits. What kind of burning of corpses was the Red Army soldier talking about if, according to Yurovsky’s stories, only clothes were burned at the mine? But it was written down and not corrected. A liar mixes truth with lies and gets bogged down in his own lies. For Yurovsky, the son of a man who ran a jewelry store, one memory of the brilliance of an 8-carat diamond made him forget about caution. Jewels stained with blood later allowed him to receive the position of Chairman of the Department for the Realization of Values ​​of the Gokhran NKF of the RSFSR in the Kremlin. No one dared to correct the slip in the typewritten text with handwritten edits and it has survived to this day, like the mistake with Demidova, as evidence of the murderer against himself.

The commandant's desire for treasure was no secret to the imprisoned Emperor. Personal item royal family - Yurovsky checked the box with royal jewelry every morning. According to his own admission, he proposed to confiscate it during the Tsar’s lifetime, but did not receive the consent of his “comrades.” In the mornings, the arrested king greeted him with the words: “The box is in place,” reading the greedy soul like an open book. If a portrait was needed that expresses the essence of Yurovsky, then it is left in the memoirs of P. Medvedev: “The corpses lay on the floor in nightmarish poses, with faces disfigured from horror and blood. The floor became completely slippery. Only Yurovsky was calm. He calmly examined the corpses, removing jewelry from them.”

All the days associated with the murder and destruction of bodies, Yurovsky was on the rise. His extraordinary energy, noted by his comrades, was truly devilish. The cold-blooded murder of 13-year-old Tsarevich Alexei and his wounded sisters speaks of the sadistic inclinations of the individual. His relatives also noted his tendency to “crush people.” After two days of constant travel and two sleepless nights, on July 19, Yurovsky appeared on the stage of the local theater, “putting on,” as he put it, the uniform of the murdered Tsar, mocking the murdered man, “to raise the spirits of the public” who were expecting the Whites to attack. The desire to humiliate and to play the role of the emperor in a diabolical performance speaks of manic vanity. On the evening of July 19, with suitcases with selected jewelry, having shaved his beard, under the name Orlov, he hastily left for Moscow. The psychological portrait of Yurovsky is unambiguous: a sadist, a liar, a greedy, envious, cunning and faithful dog of his infernal masters. It was he who became the main prompter in 1993-1998 in the performance of the burial of the “Ekaterinburg remains”!

SECRET OF STATE IMPORTANCE

If we agree with the fact of burning the bodies of members of the Royal Family and their servants, Yurovsky’s “mistake” becomes understandable, which was just a statement of the difficulty of identifying corpses that began to be disfigured by all available means. Starting from the morning of July 18, when gasoline and acid were delivered to the mine, Yurovsky occasionally observed the burning process while traveling - this was done by Ermakov, Goloshchekin and Beloborodov. Returning from Yekaterinburg, he saw corpses disfigured by fire, acid, and axes (which were used for burning in parts). If he was mistaken in their identification, it was in good faith. For the fastest destruction, three fires were lit, and commands were given as to which groups of bodies to place on them. It is possible that Yurovsky wanted to symbolically burn mother and son. Fragmentary episodes (“barrels of kerosene were opened”) were used by Yurovsky in the stories, but with the location of the action transferred to Porosenkov Log. By 9 pm on July 18, a convoy of carts and a car was leaving the mine and was met by Yurovsky, who Once again returning from Yekaterinburg, he could only carry the remains of burnt bones and ashes. It is no coincidence that the version that the bodies of the two people Yurovsky is talking about were burned not in Porosenkovo ​​Log, but previously at the mine, was also expressed by the official participant in the investigation - geologist Avdonin, whose group was excavating the Yekaterinburg remains (it’s just that there was no place for burning in Porosenkovo ​​Log there was time).

Sudden death in Paris in the courtyard of the house of investigator N.A. Sokolov and the disappearance of documents from his investigation best indicate that there was a secret about the death of the Royal Family, which Sokolov revealed, and there were powerful forces interested in hiding this secret. The very fact of the murder of the Royal Family was no longer a secret and was recognized by the Bolshevik authorities. What was supposed to remain a secret? These, of course, are the names of the high organizers and inspirers of the reprisal against the Royal Family, whom Yurovsky faithfully served. It was easier with the performers he belonged to. The murderer, with a painful thirst for glory, a desire to remain in history, even if he had bathed in the blood of the innocent, he attributed to himself main role, like his main rival for the right to be called a regicide, Pyotr Ermakov, with his stories at meetings with workers and a gift to the museum of a revolver, the murder weapon. Many Red Army funeral attendants died in civil war. Others were ready to die but keep the “state secret.” In 1928, the disabled former Red Army soldier G.I. Sukhorukov, who sincerely wrote that “I never imagined that eleven years later I would have to resurrect these facts in my memory,” was asked to write a memoir. Yurovsky at that time held the responsible post of Chairman of the Department for the Realization of Values ​​of the Gokhran NKF of the RSFSR. Sukhorukov wrote - confirmed in two phrases the burial of those killed in Piglet Log and the burning of two bodies. But I also remembered the oath: “Around July 18 or 19, 12 people are selected from our detachment and told: “Comrades, you are entrusted with a secret of national importance. With this secret you must die and woe will be to those who do not justify our trust.” We say that we are volunteers... ready for anything” (ibid., p. 458).

In addition to the names of the real organizers, something else that Voikov spoke about should have remained a secret: “The world will never know what we did to them.” What, besides the fact of the execution announced by the Soviet authorities, was so important that it had to remain a secret for the whole world? Without answering this question, we will not understand why Yurovsky lied until the end of his life and what he lied about. The reason lies in a word that constantly pops up in the memories of funeral workers. This is the word of POWER. Here we move from earthly realities to the realm of spiritual objects. The dark, illiterate Ermakovs and Sukrukovs, the half-educated Yurovskys and the Voykovs, who knew several languages, discussed the relics. Guides and servants of the enemy of the human race, a murderer and a liar by definition. they knew on a subconscious level that veneration of the murdered Tsar and his loved ones was inevitable. And the inevitable came true. Processions of the cross in memory of the illustrious Tsar Martyr and his family have taken place throughout Russia since 2000. In 2015, to honor the memory Royal Martyrs 60 thousand people gathered in Yekaterinburg. On the night of July 17, the pilgrims walked 20 km procession from the Temple on the Blood, erected at the site of the execution on Ganina Yama, where the bodies of the murdered were destroyed. Among the pilgrims from 10 countries, a group of samurai in battle armor stood out - their ancestors received Tsarevich Nicholas during his journey to the East.

Destroying possible POWERS was undoubtedly one of the goals of the criminals. The construction of a false Royal grave with corpses is a truly devilish trick. It solved two problems: to deprive believers of authentic holy relics and to hide the ritual Kabbalistic rite with the head of the enemy. Sokolov was convinced that the bodies of members of the Royal Family were beheaded. The most ancient occult-Masonic rite was performed by adherents of the enemy of the human race. A grave in which the skulls of the dead are preserved, but in which there are no relics - such a lie was worth lying to Yurovsky until the end of his days. Almost 100 years after the events described, the truth about the Yekaterinburg remains has become a measure of the spiritual maturity of the Orthodox Russian people. Anyone who touches the case of the murder of the Royal Family cannot help but feel the great tension of the struggle, which results in a sophisticated battle of lies and truth, not only in the vastness of Russia, but also beyond its borders. A communist utopia was built near Yekaterinburg on lies, blood and ashes - with mirror lies and blood Everyday life. New And as much as the people will honor the false as sacred, so many will be deceived in all hopes and undertakings, remaining in spiritual and physical slavery, which brings degradation and death. There is no more important problem now, despite crises, wars and disasters, than the truth about the death of the Royal Family.

Comments 9

Comments

9. r.B. Lyudmila : answer to 1 Novikov A.A.
2016-06-20 at 02:59

These “results” of genetic testing very cleverly circumvent the truth. But this is only at first glance. At second glance, these results are very clumsy and clumsy.

8. : Solovyov Anatoly Dmitrievich Stepanov
2016-05-17 at 10:38

Dear Anatoly Dmitrievich!
Due to the nature of my work, I quite often encounter problems with the preservation of corpses, their identification, etc. This year alone I worked 14 dead people. I am not going to give lectures on forensic medicine, any professional forensic scientist can say this better than me, but I have studied the issues related to the identification of remains fundamentally. Experts who worked on the remains found in Porosenkovogo Log say that the skull bones of all nine people were damaged. Apparently, Yurovsky and his team deliberately disfigured faces in the Ganina Yama area. Numerous witnesses who gathered at railway crossing No. 184 at night showed investigators Sergeev and Sokolov that some events took place in the ravine at night related to the arrival of the truck. It is not surprising that the participants in the concealment and destruction themselves could not identify the dead, whose faces were disfigured, and the appearance of the bodies could have changed greatly, since they had lain for quite a long time in the very warm time year in the Ganina Yama area. It is not surprising that the remains, excluding Tsarevich Alexei, could have been mixed up. Yurovsky's mistake regarding the belonging of the remains of the burnt woman was corrected by anthropologists and forensic doctors. They confidently identified the corpses not only by genetic characteristics, but, above all, by photographs. It was established that one female corpse was burned, which belonged to Grand Duchess Maria.
Materials in “” are always presented in such a way that supposedly neither anthropological nor dental examinations were carried out, that issues related to the analysis of historical documents were not resolved at all, and now some authors are discovering “truths” unknown to the investigation.
A few words about anthropology and dentistry. The criminal case contains several volumes of expert opinions related to forensic and anthropological research. For example, world-famous scientists took part in the dental research, such as the founder of modern anthropological odontology Alexander Aleksandrovich Zubov, a dentist, 30 years old, who treated the teeth of Stalin, Beria, and all members of the Politburov Alexey Ivanovich Doynikov, Professor Gurgen Amayakovich Pashinyan - a world-famous scientist ; the most famous St. Petersburg dentist, Professor Vladimir Nikolaevich Trezubov and many other famous scientists. Volumes have been written about their activities. A number of scientists in the field of anthropology joined the expert commission at the personal request of His Holiness Patriarch Alexy II.
Dozens of professionals who have worked in all Russian departmental and state archives. Despite the criticism of the authors, whose names I have never seen on the sheets for familiarization with documents in Russian archives, the topic of the death of the Royal Family has been carefully worked out. Otherwise, how could it have happened that, despite the cries of opponents about the complete “unresearchedness” of archives since 1996, not a single document of any significance was found in the world that in any way undermined the position of the modern investigation? Maybe because historians and archivists have worked thoroughly on researching the topic of the posthumous fate of the Royal Family?
Now a few words about Olga Nikolaevna Kulikovskaya-Romanova. Her role in the case of the “Ekaterinburg remains” is primarily political. For me she is neither a man nor an elderly pretty woman. I do not discuss her personal life and activities. For me, she is a tough and unprincipled politician who is deliberately misleading the Orthodox community. At first glance, she has very strong “trump cards”. Olga Nikolaevna has repeatedly stated that geneticists who conducted a study of her late husband’s blood completely ruled out his relationship with the people whose remains were found near Yekaterinburg. When examining the blood of Tikhon Nikolaevich Kulikovsky-Romanov, geneticists could not have made a mistake, and if Olga Nikolaevna is right, then her arguments completely “annul” the arguments of official experts. Strange as it may seem, Olga Nikolaevna never presented any conclusions on her husband’s blood prepared by geneticists Rogaev and Tatsuo Nagai. If Olga Nikolaevna presents the 1995 conclusions to the Orthodox community and they say that there are no signs of genetic kinship between Tikhon Nikolaevich and the “Ekaterinburg remains,” I will publicly kneel before Olga Nikolaevna and ask for forgiveness for all the insults inflicted on her. Otherwise, if the conclusions are not made public or they do not completely coincide with the conclusions of Olga Nikolaevna, you can be convinced of the moral qualities of your “idol”, which was “promoted” for so long by duped and fooling the public admirers.
I have nothing against the publication of articles like the article by Lyudmila Tikhonova. The only request to the authors is to at least superficially understand the whole topic and objectively treat the facts and evidence of unscrupulous authors like the defector Besedovsky.

Sincerely

7. Izbitskaya E.N. : About DNA
2016-05-11 at 09:19

Over 10 years of studying the topic of identification of remains, I was unable to find DNA formulas obtained by the Japanese hermetic, which allegedly did not coincide with the DNA formulas of the official DNA examination. Only words that the formulas are different. But no one indicates how much.

It is not clear why to hide the results of DNA examinations when refuting the results of the official investigation?

6. Lucy : k.4. Investigator-criminologist Solovyov.
2016-05-08 at 09:27

Yes, Mr. Investigator, you are too biased towards Olga Nikolaevna, and she doesn’t pay attention to this and is once again tilting at windmills. One thing I can’t understand is why the documents of investigator Sokolov were taken as the basis for the investigation. But what about the documents of investigator Nametkin and Sergeev. Where did they disappear? And why are you talking about them? don’t write a word. And in them, as reported by sources, there were no signs of execution, much less corpses. Sokolov’s version is convenient for you, but if he had written like Nametkin and like Sergeev, he would not have written his book from the world of fantasy. I already I wrote about the Ukrainian trace of someone who had escaped and still found information that in 1920 part of the family was in Kiev. And these are already two cases of Sokolov being wrong. Genetic data in a country that benefits the entire deceased family, whatever can write, and conduct independent examinations in a country where it is possible to store tsarist gold, it is simply absurd. We need historical research, hidden from human eyes, testimonies of witnesses of those times. Kolchak himself also did not need living ones, he wanted to become the emperor of Siberia. But fate or providence decreed differently. Providence cannot be deceived in any way, it does not obey anyone and therefore, bit by bit, it goes its own way, no matter how much we would like it otherwise. As one seer said, “the sensation of centuries is ahead, the world will be shocked,” how do you think about what did he mean?

5. Anatoly Stepanov : 4. Forensic investigator Soloviev: It’s time for Olga Nikolaevna Kulikovskaya-Romanova to tell the truth
2016-05-07 at 22:31

As they say, whoever is talking about what, but the lousy one is talking about the bathhouse. I understand, Vladimir Nikolaevich, that Olga Nikolaevna Kulikovskaya-Romanova is in your crosshairs. Are you still trying to get revenge on her somehow? But it doesn’t work. At least somehow discredit it. How much dirt did I hear about her from you during your phone calls to me?!
But what does Olga Nikolaevna have to do with it? Lyudmila Tikhonova’s article is actually devoted to the topic of a comparative historical study of Yurovsky’s testimony. Genetics is genetics, let geneticists compare and present their results. But genetics is not the queen of evidence, as Vyshinsky once had the confession of the accused, and they beat confessions out of the accused in an in-line method. Of course, today criminologists rely on genetics, but tomorrow it may turn out that current methods do not give entirely reliable results. Therefore, other examinations are needed - anthropological, dental, historical. While you, together with S. Mironenko, led the investigation and research, a full-fledged historical examination was not carried out, so individual authors are trying to fill in your shortcomings, but you brush them aside.
Isn’t the problem that Yurovsky insists that “they burned Demidova?” This needs to be explained. A person can make mistakes, of course, but then can Yurovsky’s testimony be trusted? Moreover, this is the testimony of a killer who always seeks to distort the circumstances of the crime.
Therefore, I consider Tikhonova’s article useful in the sense of raising questions that will need to be answered.

4. Forensic investigator Soloviev : It's time for Olga Nikolaevna Kulikovskaya-Romanova to tell the truth
2016-05-06 at 10:27

Dear site visitors!
Another “one thousand and one” article has appeared, allegedly proving the inconsistency of the version of today’s investigation about the burial of remains in the area of ​​​​the Old Koptyakovskaya road.
In July 1918, a great and terrible event happened - the Family and the Tsar’s faithful servants were shot. There is something that has happened that represents the absolute truth, and there are interpretations that more or less objectively convey these events.
I remembered an Indian parable where blind men examine an elephant. Everyone describes some part of it and none of the descriptions are true.
Unlike the ancient Indian blind men, the investigation approached the topic, as I see it, quite completely. All possible versions of the tragedy were considered. The topic was studied from both historical and natural science sources. I will not reveal investigative secrets, but, as they say, they count chickens in the fall. My view on the completion of the study, which is under the constant control of His Holiness the Patriarch, is quite optimistic.
Let me return to the article by Mrs. Lyudmila Tikhonova. What are all the participants in events related to talking about? posthumous fate Royal Family? They say that the remains were taken from the territory of the Chetyrekhbratskoye mine. All participants in the events name as their final destination the section of the Old Koptyakovskaya Road where the remains were found.
Analyzing the investigative materials of investigator Sokolov, we can confidently say that he found a “bridge of sleepers” and through investigation proved the time of the appearance of the “bridge”, established that in this place the security officers carried out some kind of manipulation for long hours. From the materials of the “Sokolovsky” criminal case it follows that he conducted a superficial inspection of the “bridge made of sleepers” without any excavations. From the materials of the same criminal case it follows that Sokolov did not conscientiously examine and study the bone fragments found in the Ganina Yama area and did not even organize their most primitive Scientific research.
I really like the intricate reasoning of Peter Multatuli, where he describes the supposedly complex ritual manipulations. I’ll throw him a “log on the fire” for further philosophizing. No one wondered why such cunning “Jewish Freemasons” like Yurovsky did not bring the Ganina Yama area into relative “order.” What was it worth to shovel the contents of the fire pits into a couple of bags and throw the contents into one of the many Ural ponds? After this, not a single Sokolov would have found any evidence of manipulations with corpses in the Ganina Yama area. The answer is simple. The Bolsheviks knew for sure that there were no corpses in this area and any investigator would come up with a thousand versions, but would follow the wrong trail. As for the “soup set” - fragments of cattle bones found by investigators, perhaps Yurovsky assumed that they would be mistaken for “relics”. He, apparently, was simply “joking” at the expense of naive Orthodox Christians. This “joke” costs superficial researchers dearly even today.
For better or worse, the Lord did not allow “relics” to be created from cattle bones, and they disappeared somewhere during the events of World War II.
I will not debrief the article by Mrs. Lyudmila Tikhonova. It contains many “childish” mistakes regarding Yurovsky’s biography, assessing the reliability of Besedovsky’s false memoirs, etc. This has been said many times.
I want to return to more serious issues. “For many years, Olga Nikolaevna Kulikovskaya-Romanova has become the main “media figure”. This woman in 1995 actually disrupted the burial of the remains of the Royal Family, lying to the Government and the Patriarch that she had a conclusion from two geneticists - Evgeny Rogaev and Tatsuo Nagai that the genotype of her late husband completely excludes the possibility that the “Ekaterinburg remains” belong to the Royal Family . I know for sure that Olga Nikolaevna actually has the conclusions of the scientists I mentioned. Could "" contact Olga Nikolaevna with a request to publish these conclusions. Only then can one objectively come to the conclusion whether Kulikovskaya-Romanova’s statements were a conscious lie or an honest mistake.

3. eavm : about memory
2016-04-30 at 01:22

“Yurovsky did not suffer from a bad memory...” - did the author of the article compare versions of Yurovsky’s notes and other memoirs or is she simply “cutting” her conclusions at random? A simple example about the time of Goloshchekin’s arrival at Yurovsky and the transfer of the order to execute:

1. “On the 16th at 6 p.m. Philip Mr. ordered that the order be carried out.” - a note.
2. “On July 16, 1918, at 2 o’clock in the afternoon, Comrade Philip came to my house and handed over the resolution of the Executive Committee to execute Nikolai...” - memoirs “Confession of an Executioner...”
3. “Close to mid-July, Philip told me that I needed to prepare in case the front was approaching liquidation. As if on the evening of the 15th, or on the 15th in the morning, he arrived and said that today it was necessary to liquidate this matter...” - transcript meeting of the old Bolsheviks in 1934
4. “On the morning of July 15, Philip arrived and said that the case must be liquidated tomorrow.” - another version of the transcript.

2. Izbitskaya E.N. : Walking in circles again
2016-04-29 at 19:26

\\According to forensic expert Yu. Grigoriev, “such a number of bullets could not only be in clothes. The bullets were exposed to fire and acid while in body tissue. Consequently, the fact of dismemberment of bodies, exposure to fragments of acid and burning is undeniable” (Grigoriev Yu. The Last Emperor. p. 264). Let us repeat that if the clothes of the dead were burned at the stake without treating them with acid (and the acid was brought only the next day, for “disfigurement”), the bullets should have been intact. But the missing copper casings and leaking lead cores indicate that the bullets were exposed to fire and acid - and not in the clothes that were burned on the first day, but in the bodies of the dead. In the materials of the official investigation, the question of what and how the fuel was used, or where the bullets in the fires came from, was not raised.\\

Follow Sokolov concluded that all the bodies were burned and the heads were separated, only because he did not find the remains and teeth. But if the bodies were not burned, and the heads were not severed, and the remains were buried under a “bridge of sleepers,” then in this case, too, there will be no remains or teeth at the mine. Identification of the remains found in 1991 may refute the version of investigator Sokolov if they belong to members of the royal family and people from their circle.

According to the conclusions of American experts and the journalistic investigation of A. Summers and T. Mangold, the execution of the female part of the royal family did not take place while the women were in corsets. It follows from this that the women were taken to the mine alive, there they were stripped and only after that they were shot. This means that some of the bullets could have hit the place where the clothes were burned, bypassing the victims of the shooting, or the victims received through bullet wounds. It is strange that all the experts’ conclusions fit only one version - the version of investigator Sokolov. And 100% trusting the stories of Yurovsky and other participants in the massacre of the royal family is the same as listening to the confession of the possessed.

Yakov Yurovsky, whose biography will be the topic of our article today, was a Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman and party leader, and security officer. He directly supervised the execution of Nicholas II, the last Russian emperor, and his family.

early years

Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky (his real name and patronymic is Yankel Khaimovich) was born on June 7 (19), 1878 in the city of Kainsk (Kuibyshev since 1935). He was the eighth of ten children and grew up in a large Jewish working-class family.

Mother was a seamstress, father was a glazier. Yakov studied at an elementary school in the river area, and in 1890 he began to learn a craft. Then he worked as an apprentice in Tomsk, Tobolsk, Feodosia, Ekaterinodar, Batumi.

The beginning of revolutionary activity

Yakov Yurovsky (photo below) joined revolutionary activities in Tomsk in 1905. There is some indirect evidence that at first he took part in the military organizations of the Bund, and after that, following the example of his close friend Sverdlov, he joined the Bolsheviks.

Yurovsky distributed Marxist literature, and when the underground printing house failed, he was forced to leave Russia and settled in Berlin, where he converted to Lutheranism along with his entire family (three children and his wife Maria Yakovlevna).

Homecoming

In 1912, Yakov returned to Russia illegally, but he was tracked down and arrested by agents. Yurovsky was expelled from Tomsk for “harmful activities,” but was allowed to choose his place of residence. That's how he ended up in Yekaterinburg.

In the Ural city, Yakov Yurovsky opened a watchmaking and photography workshop, and, as he himself describes it, “the gendarmerie found fault with him,” forcing him to take photographs of prisoners and suspicious persons. Nevertheless, at the same time his workshop was a laboratory for the production of passports for the Bolsheviks.

Yurovsky in 1916 was called to serve as a paramedic at a local hospital. So he became an active agitator among the soldiers. Afterwards, Yakov sold the photo workshop and used the proceeds to organize a Bolshevik printing house called “Ural Worker”. Yurovsky became a prominent Bolshevik, a member of the Council of Soldiers' Deputies and Workers, and one of the leaders of the revolution in the Urals.

Execution of the royal family

Yakov Yurovsky went down in history as the leader and one of the main participants in the execution of the sentence of execution of Tsar Nicholas II and his family. In July 1918, he was appointed commandant and, by decision of the Ural Council, on the night of July 16-17, he directly led the execution of the royal family.

There is a version that Yakov Yurovsky drew up a special document to carry out the execution, including a list of executioners. However, the results of historical research indicate that such a document, provided at one time by the Austrian, former prisoner of war I. P. Meyer and published in 1984 by E. E. Alferyev in the United States of America, is most likely fabricated and does not reflect the real list of participants in the execution.

Later years of life

When the Whites entered Yekaterinburg on July 25, 1918, Yakov Yurovsky moved to Moscow and became a member of the Moscow Cheka, as well as the head of the district Cheka. After the Bolsheviks returned to Yekaterinburg, he was appointed chairman of the Ural GubChK. Yurovsky settled almost opposite the execution house - in the rich mansion of Agushevich. In 1921, he was sent to manage the gold department at Gokhran with the goal of “bringing the valuables stored there into a liquid state.”

Then Yakov worked in the foreign exchange department of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs, where he was the chairman of the trading department, and in 1923 he took the post of deputy director of the Krasny Bogatyr plant. Since 1928, Yurovsky worked as director of the Moscow Polytechnic Museum. He died in 1938 from a perforation of a duodenal ulcer (according to the official version).

Yakov Yurovsky: descendants

Yurovsky had a large family. He and his wife gave birth to three children: daughter Rimma (1898), sons Alexander (1904) and Eugene (1909). They lived comfortably and kept servants. The head of the family, who was constantly employed in the service, did not particularly participate in the upbringing of his offspring, but if something happened, he punished them severely. All heirs received higher education.

Yakov loved his daughter very much - an excellent student, a black-haired beauty. She gave him a grandson, Anatoly. But, apparently, the descendants really have to pay for the sins of their fathers. All of Yurovsky’s grandchildren, by a fateful coincidence, died (one burned in a fire, another was poisoned by mushrooms, a third hanged himself, another fell from the roof of a barn), and the girls generally died in infancy. Grandson Tolya, adored by his grandfather, died right behind the wheel of the car.

Misfortune also overtook Rimma. She, a major Komsomol leader, was arrested in 1935 and sent to the Karaganda camp for political prisoners. She served her sentence there until 1946. She died in 1980.

Son Alexander was a rear admiral in the Navy. In 1952 he was repressed, but was soon released. He died in 1986.

The youngest son was a political worker in the Navy, a lieutenant colonel. Died in 1977.

Where is Yakov Yurovsky buried?

It is in vain to look for the burial place of the odious “hero of the revolution” in the capital’s popular churchyards - Vagankovsky, Novodevichy... For a long time it was unknown where the grave of Yakov Yurovsky was located. As it turned out, his body was cremated and the urn with ashes was carefully hidden from prying eyes in a special cemetery area - in a special columbarium on Novy in the historical district of Moscow.

There is information that this separate mausoleum-columbarium was organized thanks to the assertiveness of Paul Dauge, a prominent party member and the first creator of ORRIK. They set up a “VIP burial” site in a former church building. In Stalin's hard times, urns were placed here with the ashes of honored individuals who, by some miracle, managed to avoid complete repression and died their own deaths.

Many cells are now “nameless”, because the glass tightly embedded in the wall has fogged up from the inside and is covered with a cloudy coating, which makes it impossible to see anything.

In the depths of the structure, in a niche, there are two urns, draped with red and black mourning ribbons so that no inscriptions are visible. These are the ashes of Yurovsky and his wife. Around the urns there are several artificial flowers with faded fabric - neglect is visible throughout, it is noticeable that the burial has not been renovated for a long time.

They say that fire erases all traces. But for the regicide, whose remains ended up in a special columbarium, this law did not work: his trace went nowhere. At one time, Yurovsky did everything to hide the corpses forever imperial family, however, his own grave ended up being carefully hidden from people. The former hero-commissar is now forever reincarnated as an outcast.