Flow production is the most progressive method of organizing production, characteristic of industrial sewing enterprises. Main characteristics of continuous production:

• division of labor between performers;
• dividing the process into simple operations equal or multiple in time;
• assigning each technological operation to a specific workplace;
• significant increase in labor productivity due to the specialization of jobs, repeated repetition of tasks
• compliance with the specialization of flows, sections, groups and jobs;
• improving product quality due to worker specialization;
• workplaces and equipment are placed in the technological sequence of product processing;
• continuous production of a product - sequential transfer of semi-finished products from operation to operation immediately after their completion;
• reduction in the duration of the production cycle (the time a garment spends in the workshop from the moment it is cut to delivery to the warehouse finished products) by increasing labor productivity and rhythm of work;
• rational use of equipment due to its full load;
• favorable conditions for comprehensive mechanization and automation of production.

When organizing continuous production, the management of a sewing enterprise decides the following important issues:

• uninterrupted supply of cut, semi-finished products, accessories, auxiliary materials;
• changing the range and models requires a significant restructuring of the entire production process;
• trouble-free supply of workplaces with electricity, steam, smooth operation of equipment;
• strengthening control over the timely delivery of semi-finished products.

Depending on the number of cutting parts and semi-finished products supplied to workplaces, flows with piece, batch and combined (piece-pack) feeding are distinguished.

At piece by piece nutrition Workplaces are served one semi-finished product at a time. This method of feeding is used in conveyor flows with a strict rhythm.

Pachkovoe food is used in flows with a free rhythm. The size of the pack depends on the type of product and the stage of its readiness. The size of the pack should be such that monotony in work does not appear. The processing time for one pack should not exceed 30 minutes. Table 1 shows typical pack sizes. For effective work, the pack is not disassembled, but processed with parts clamped on one side, or a chain, without cutting off the threads.

Table 1. Typical pack sizes
Type of material	Pack size by treatment group, units.
	workpiece	installation	finishing
Woolen dress fabrics
Cotton fabrics such as chintz
Flannel type fabrics
Silk fabrics

Flows can be through and sectional - with separation of sections for preparation, installation, and finishing. Typically, procurement, assembly and finishing sections are organized in flows. Another organization of tailoring is also possible: two installations, general finishing for several threads.

Advantages of sectional flows over non-sectional ones:

• improving product quality and labor productivity through job specialization;
• ensuring uninterrupted operation of the flow during the transition to new models due to intersectional reserves;
• in high-power flows, different rhythms of work in sections are possible;
• to avoid operations with increased multiplicity, two or three parallel flows of the same type are allocated in the assembly section with a total power equal to the power of the procurement section.

ORGANIZATION OF ACCOUNTING, CONTROL AND OPERATIONAL REGULATION OF THE WORK OF THE SEWING SHOP

The workshop manager, technologists, and technical director (chief engineer) are responsible for organizing production, receiving and transferring, and issuing tasks to workers. The financial and economic service is responsible for:

• ensuring documentary recording and recording of the movement of cutting, fittings, and finished products;
• monitoring the volume of work performed and calculating piecework wages to employees;
• planning, operational dispatch of sewing products, regulation of the production process to reach production program standards;
• control of finished product delivery rates.

Taking into account the indicated specifics, let’s consider accounting and control aspects of the organization of clothing production, as well as situations that require operational regulation (in-line production with batch start of cutting).

Step 1.Standards will be required from technologists for products planned for sewing. This is the Confectionery Card, Specification of Cutting Details, Technological Process. They are needed to plan the production program.

Step 2.Draw up and verify the Production program. If necessary, the program is adjusted taking into account its implementation in the previous month, the receipt of new orders, emergency equipment breakdown and other factors.

The range of sewing products changes frequently. They use sequential-assortment or sequential-cyclic launch of models. As work is launched and completed, the fact is noted in the Production Program.

If deadlines diverge, prompt measures are taken. The situation in production as of 07/12/2018 is shown above. It can be seen that the Mango blouses were delivered to the finished goods warehouse late - in fact, on 07/08 (according to the plan, they were supposed to be delivered on 07/05). Also, three days later, they began sewing “Cherry” blouses. Discrepancies can be avoided if you control the flow of the cut into the sewing workshop.

Step 3.They control the flow of cuts from the cutting shop to the sewing shop in accordance with the production program.

The transfer of the cut to the sewing shops, the accounting of the cut during the sewing and finishing process, as well as the transfer of finished products to the warehouse are organized according to Route sheets. The route sheet is issued in the cutting shop on the basis Cutting cards. Several route sheets can be issued for cutting using one cutting card. The number of products for which a route sheet is issued depends on the type of assortment and the characteristics of production. The route sheet accompanies a pack of cuts of all parts from the main fabric, lining and butt of products of the same size.

The following data is entered into the route sheet:

• number of the workshop, shift and team for which the cut is intended;
• number of the cutting card and number of the layout according to which the fabric was cut;
• product code, model and order number;
• dimensional characteristics;
• number of product units and their numbers;
• fabric characteristics, percentage of fiber content;
• color number, etc.

Let's imagine Route sheet for the “Citrus” blouse in the amount of 26 pieces, the tailoring of which is provided for in the second stream.

First section The route sheet is filled out in the cutting shop and used to formalize the transfer of the cut to the sewing shop. The receiver accepts the cut according to the route sheets, the driver's voucher and the confectionery card.

Second section filled in in the sewing shop when a completed batch of finished products is delivered to the warehouse. The warehouse manager signs the receipt in the second section of the route sheet. If products with textile or production defects are detected, fill in the line “Written off from the route sheet according to the invoice report No.___”, indicate the date and number of products.

The route sheet is issued in triplicate. The number of copies of route sheets corresponds to the number of technological transitions. On each of them there remains one copy with signatures confirming the delivery of semi-finished products or products.

The first copy of the route sheet is left in the cutting shop to record the delivery of the cut to the sewing shop, the second - in the sewing shop to report on the cut of garments received. The third copy, after the finished products are received in the warehouse, is transferred first to the planning department to record the implementation of the production program, and then to the accounting department to record the delivery of finished products. Delivery of route sheets to the planning department and accounting department is organized according to Accompanying registers.

In the sewing workshop, all received Route Sheets are entered into Cumulative record of cutting in sewing shops. The list is kept by names, codes and models of products. If necessary, the planning economist or accountant checks the accounting data with the entries in the accumulation sheet.

Step 4.Promptly send requests to the sewing workshop.

In production, it is important to ensure the rhythmic operation of all departments, their uniform loading and program implementation. Coordination of work to ensure the rhythm of production is carried out by the planning department or dispatch service. Information about the arrival of the cut to the sewing shop is transmitted to the planners in the form Summary, which are formed from information in cumulative cut accounting sheets.

The management of the sewing workshop provides a summary to the planning service. Based on the reports, they determine how the deadlines of the production program and the workload of workers are maintained. From the Summary as of 07/05/2018, it is clear that the sewing shop has received cutting kits for “Coral” blouses, the start of sewing work for which is scheduled for 07/05/2018 in the production program.

Step 5.They control the movement of cut packs across workplaces and keep records of the volume of work performed.

To accompany cut packs to workplaces and record the output of workers in sewing shops, sheets of accounting of workers' output linked to route sheets are used. The statements are issued in the cutting shop according to the details of the route sheets in one copy. Cut picker fills out all the details of the statement:

• route sheet numbers;
• model number;
• sizes and serial numbers of products;
• number of units of products.

Production accounting sheets along with the cut are sent to the sewing workshop. Cutting lady checks the correctness of filling out the sheets and the number of products, puts the packs on racks according to processing groups, putting a sheet of the corresponding group into each pack of parts.

The cut picker delivers the cut packs along with the sheets to the workplace. The worker, having processed the cut pack, puts down a personnel number under the number of his operation, indicates the number of processed products and the date.

The foreman checks the correctness of filling out the statements, selects the statements in the order of the route sheets and transfers them to the accounting department for payroll calculation.

Let's consider Workers' output record sheet No. 14/3 dated 07/05/2018, which refers to Route Sheet No. 14. Depending on the urgency of the work, the number of products in the pack and the qualifications of the workers, one pack can be taken into work by two or more workers. Then each worker, opposite his assigned operation, indicates the quantity completed (operations 33 and 35).

Workers are notified in advance about securing an operation when launching and building a flow for a new model (operation number, content of work, time standard, piece rate, assigned equipment, required equipment). Operations are usually standard, and a number of products differ in color and fittings. In such cases, the complete contents of transactions are not written in the statements; only the number is indicated. This makes it easier for workers to fill out the forms.

Statements are important not only for calculating piecework wages. The production accounting sheet will be received by the economic service only after the last operation in a batch has been completed (often this is product packaging). The operational Summary about work in progress from the master of the sewing workshop. If necessary, the Summary indicates the numbers of packs and route sheets. The master generates a summary based on statements and the actual calculation of packs for jobs.

Let's consider several production situations based on Reports from 07/11/2018.

Production situation no. 1

It is necessary to find out whether the workshop will be able to deliver the Citrus blouses to the warehouse on time.

• how many products are in each process operation (information is taken from the Summary dated July 11, 2018);
• time standards for performing each operation (according to the technical process, see Step 1);
• crew/shift size. It is optimal to check the “live” number with the foreman, and not rely on the staff, since workers can go on vacation or sick leave.

The calculation begins with the table. 2.

Table 2. Assessment of the level of work in progress for the Citrus blouse
No. of operation by technical process	Number of items in WIP	Scope of work until readiness per unit of production, n/h	Required working time fund per volume, n/h
			4 = [ 2 ] × [ 3 ]
Total

Similar calculations are performed for all models that are being launched. The required working time to complete the work is: “Coral” blouses – 250 hours, “Cherry” blouses – 963 hours.

According to the production program, final delivery of “Citrus” blouses is scheduled for July 15, and “Coral” blouses for July 13. These are the two priority tasks that need to be completed. At the same time, the “Cherry” blouse remains in production (its delivery is scheduled for more late date, we do not take this model into account in this calculation). The required working time is 738.2 h (488,2 + 250).

Stream No. 2 of the sewing workshop works in two shifts, with 12 workers in each shift. The regime is five days. This means there are three working days left (July 11, 12 and 13). The time fund will be 576 h ( 12 × 2 × 3 × 8). Not enough time. If you organize a day off (Saturday, July 14), then the available time will increase to 768 h(12 × 2 × 4 × 8). The difference between the necessary and available funds is insignificant - 29.8 hours (768 - 738.2). The workers will not find themselves idle; after completing the operation on two urgent models, they will return to sewing “Cherry” blouses.

Conclusion from the calculations: To deliver “Citrus” and “Coral” blouses on time you need:

• organize workers' exit on a day off (act in accordance with labor legislation);
• put off sewing the “Cherry” blouses, which are also in the launch, and put away the “Citrus” and “Coral” blouses first.

Important detail: the situation was viewed in a simplified manner, without taking into account other factors.

Production situation no. 2

One of the operations is a large number of packs, so there is a threat of delays in delivery of products. The bottleneck is operation No. 34 (15 packs, 370 pcs.). Workplace capacity - 50 pcs. per shift, or 100 pcs. per day. In the already agreed three working days (until July 15), the output from the operation will be 300 pieces, and you also need to take into account the “Coral” blouse, the deadline for which is July 13.

The following measures are being taken to resolve the situation:

• organize an additional worker for operation No. 34;
• transfer part of the packets to perform operation No. 34 to thread No. 1 (provided that such an organizational decision will not disrupt the work of another thread).

Step 6.Organize the issuance and control of the consumption of accessories.

The distribution of accessories to sewing shops is organized according to Fence map on the amount of cutting received by the workshop according to established consumption standards. The intake map for each model is issued in two copies by the planning department based on consumption standards. One copy - to the warehouse, the second - to the sewing workshop.

When issuing accessories, an entry is made in both copies of the fence cards. The acceptance and transfer of material assets is confirmed by the signatures of representatives of the receiving workshop and warehouse. Additional issuance or replacement of accessories is carried out with the written permission of the technical director of the company for requirements-invoices.

Fence cards are closed at the end of the reporting period (decade, month) and transferred to the accounting department for checking and accounting for fittings. The fence card must indicate:

• recipient workshop;
• date of discharge and intake card number;
• the digital value of the limit, how many products the limit is calculated for;
• detailed information about products.

The maximum quantity of accessories that can be released from the warehouse is indicated in the “Limit” column. The document is signed by the head of the department that sets the limit, and the financially responsible persons of the departments of the receiving workshop and warehouse. At the end of the month, the supply of accessories is summed up. The total number of material assets issued is calculated and returns are subtracted from them.

Let's consider Fence card for receiving accessories No. 83 dated 07/01/2018.

Fence card No. 83 is issued based on 800 units of finished products. The limits are indicated taking into account the percentage of technological losses. For example, a branded label - 820 pcs. Deviation from the limit is allowed only in a smaller direction. The finishing tape was delivered in the amount of 365 m instead of 370, since it was the remainder of the roll.

For accounting and control of fittings, they are kept. Based on Fence Card No. 83, the receipt of material assets by the workshop is reflected in columns 7 and 8, the return to the warehouse is reflected in columns 21 and 22.

The column “Write-off of costs for the cost of finished products” reflects the fittings and materials included in the cost of manufactured products. In columns 15 and 17, compliance with standards is checked.

The material balance reflects all types of movement that can occur in a sewing workshop. This can be transfer between threads to speed up the delivery of the model (columns 9, 10, 21, 22), inventory surpluses and shortages (columns 11, 12, 19, 20).

Arshin LLC

Material production balance for fittings

For the period: 01.07-31.07.2018

Product: Blouse “Mango” 12-183

Division: Sewing shop/Stream No. 2

Accounting object

Balance at the beginning of period

Coming

Consumption

Balance at the end of the period

Name

units change

vendor code

price, rub.

received from warehouse

received from another workshop/stream

inventory surpluses are taken into account

total

write-off of costs to the cost of finished products

write-off act/defects/defects

Inventory shortage written off

Return to warehouse/transfer to another workshop/flow

Total

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

quantity

amount, rub.

Branded label

Finishing tape

Zipper

Zipper

Trempel

Mango threads

Packaging bag

Total

Head of PEO Suvorov E. S. Suvorova

Monitoring the material balance will allow you to take the following operational response measures:

• organize a revision of the standards. For example, for the indicated 800 pcs. For “Mango” blouses, the finishing tape was written off as a cost price that was less than normal (336 m). Based on the results of the inventory, surpluses were identified and taken into account. Such facts indicate excessive standards and the need to urgently check them;
• organize work with material leftovers after completion of sewing the entire planned batch. For example, finishing threads and tape are sent to a warehouse because their color is not suitable for other manufactured products. Packages and labels are redirected to the products that are being sewn (Cherry blouse);
• organize work to improve the safety of material assets. During the reporting period, the zipper and trempel were written off due to the presence of defects. They check the organization of work at workplaces, provide additional carts and racks for accessories and finished products. You should also pay attention to a significant shortage: zipper - 60 pcs. It is important to exclude theft and sewing of unaccounted products.

Step 7They control the delivery of finished products, compliance with launch and production volumes.

As already indicated in Step 3, finished products are delivered to the warehouse according to the second section of the route sheet. It is advisable to organize according to route sheets to control production volumes. According to the route sheets, indicate the quantity of products that are planned to be received from the cut kits (column 5), and the number of products actually delivered to the warehouse (column 9).

In some cases, defective products may be detected already in the warehouse. Then the finished product is returned to the workshop for further processing. The delivery of corrected products to the warehouse is reflected in accounting twice (columns 7 and 9). Net delivery to the warehouse, that is, delivery minus returns for correction of defects, is reflected in column 10.

For some models, final defects cannot be avoided (for example, in silk products). Defects are reflected in column 11. In the reporting month, 24 units were written off using the Citrus model. As a rule, when drawing up a production program, they take into account probable irreparable defects and organize the launch in a larger quantity than needs to be transferred to the customer.

When organizing production and launching products, even experienced technologists and economists do not always manage to foresee all production factors. To promptly adjust the volume of work and meet delivery deadlines when the plan falls behind, part of the work is transferred from one stream (workshop, team, branch) to another. This movement of the cut in the production balance is entered in column 6. For the “Citrus” blouse in July, a cut was received from stream No. 1 in the amount of 270 units.

Compare the delivery to the warehouse (column 10) with the release program (Step 1). There are no deviations for the “Mango” and “Coral” blouses; the program has been completed. Blouse " Citrus": plan - 1700 units, 1650 units delivered to the warehouse. Find out and eliminate the cause. There could have been an error in the documents by 50 units.

Blouse " Cherry": significant violation of the program of 600 units. With a plan of 2000 units. 1400 units were delivered to the warehouse. They evaluate the percentage of readiness and determine how many working days are needed to enter the plan (see Step 5). They are taking measures to adjust the August production program taking into account the shortfall in July.

Arshin LLC

Production balance for the accounting object - cut/finished products

For the period: 01.07-31.07.2018

Division: sewing shop

Product

Unit change

Estimated balance of finished products in production at the beginning of the period

Coming

Consumption

Estimated balance of finished products in production at the end of the period

Received cut kits for the estimated number of products

Return of finished products from warehouse to workshop

Total arrival

Finished products are delivered to the warehouse

Including finished products including corrections

Finished products written off/defective

Total consumption

Name

cipher

from the cutting shop

from the workshop/flow

Blouse “Mango” 12-183

Blouse “Citrus” 12-184

Blouse “Cherry” 12-185

Blouse “Coral” 12-186

Total

Head of PEO Suvorov E. S. Suvorova

Typical reasons for failure to fulfill the production program in sewing shops:

• the technological process is not debugged;
• incorrect rationing, impossible plan;
• outdated equipment when there is a bottleneck in the form of one car for the entire flow, and the slightest slowdown in this place leads to missed deadlines;
• shortages of accessories;
• absence of an authorized person to accept from the customer (when sewing under contract manufacturing conditions);
• absence of workers due to sick leave;
• lack of qualified workers, understaffing (often due to low wages and high requirements for the quality of tailoring and production volumes).

In the production balance, control is carried out enlarged - according to models. In practice, there are always many factors to consider. To prevent delays, they organize control of sewing in batches.

IN Pack accounting card enter data on the number of packs received in the sewing workshop. Taking into account the duration of the production cycle, the date of delivery to the warehouse is calculated. Upon actual delivery of products to the warehouse, a mark is also made on the card.

Arshin LLC

From Card No. 7 it is clear that only pack No. 21 was handed in on time, the rest are handed in behind schedule. Assess how critical it is to meet deadlines.

Pack No. 27 has not been delivered to the warehouse, while the packs that arrived at the workshop later have already been sewn. They find out at which operation the problematic pack is located and take measures to speed up the work.

Often delivery is delayed due to defects, incorrect prioritization, and lack of control on the part of the master. If the reason is faulty, then a tailoring will be promptly organized. required quantity parts, using the Fitting Report for rejected parts.

To eliminate violations of sewing deadlines, optimize the production cycle and increase the consistency of work flow productivity, the following measures are taken:

• change the duration of an operation by transferring part of it to previous or subsequent operations;
• use parallel inclusion of workplaces, introduce additional workplaces for the operation;
• replace equipment, improve the organization of labor during operations to reduce its time;
• distribute workers to jobs in accordance with the requirements for productivity and individual adaptability of the worker;
• each operation is assigned a specific workplace, but not a worker (workers can perform any work in the thread);
• production is taken into account using tear-off coupons attached to the pack of parts;
• at each workplace they create optimal conditions for efficient work, provide rational office equipment (reel holders), planes for extending the lid of an industrial table, etc.;
• when staffing operations, an important organizational role is assigned to workshop foremen, who must quickly regulate the situation taking into account numerous factors; enter performance indicators for the master;
• To quickly reflect production data in accounting, they organize an automated workstation for the foreman and dispatcher, and use barcoding in route sheets.

LET'S SUM IT UP

1. Reliable, complete and operational production accounting is a necessary part of all organizational work from launch to product release. In a sewing workshop, it is necessary to control the timing and volume of product delivery, avoid bottlenecks, and respond correctly to deviations.
2. Setting up production accounting requires professionalism. It is important to follow three main rules:

• ensure order in production - the presence of a technical process, numbering of storage locations, orderly placement of packs, diligence of craftsmen, exclusion of theft, etc.;
• develop requirements and debug primary document flow (route sheets, production sheets, fence maps);
• Based on the “primary” data, grouping documents, material balances, thematic summaries are formed, and indicators are analyzed.

These rules are valid for any form of accounting organization - manual, in Excel or an industry accounting program with wide functionality.

The clothing business involves making clothes and household accessories. A business in the clothing industry will definitely bring profit if you have a creative approach. You can open a salon of designer clothes, a production of soft toys, or a workshop for the production of workwear. The possibilities are limited only by your imagination.

When opening a sewing enterprise, determine the direction of production:

• clothing - household, special, everyday, children's, adult;
• fabric toys;
• home textiles;
• other accessories.

Plan production volumes - the starting investment in the business, the size of the premises and the number of personnel will depend on the chosen figure.

Industrial workshop for mass tailoring of clothing

Having chosen the direction of work, register a commercial structure - LLC or individual entrepreneur. The list of documents for registration is presented in the table.

Table: lists of documents for registration of LLC and individual entrepreneur

Applications are reviewed within five working days. Based on the results, you will be invited to the local tax office and given a package of documentation for a legal entity or entrepreneur. After registration, open a bank account and order a company seal.

OKVED codes suitable for clothing production:

• 18.2 - sewing textile clothing and accessories;
• 18.21 - creation of workwear;
• 18.22 - sewing outerwear;
• 18.24 - other clothing and accessories.

When drawing up a business plan, take into account the legal requirements for production premises, make a list of equipment and plan the hiring of employees. Calculate the costs of starting production and monthly expenses. Analyze demand and draw conclusions about possible sales volumes and business returns. Below are examples of business plans for a production workshop and a mini-atelier.

How to choose the type of business - small, medium or large

There are three types of manufacturing enterprises: small, medium and large.

Small enterprise for the production of exclusive clothing models

To open a small enterprise, it is enough to have premises and 400,000 rubles. for the purchase of equipment and consumables. The average production volume is 25–50 products per day. A small-scale sewing business is suitable for entrepreneurs who have limited capital and want to produce exclusive items and sell them at prices above the market average.

To organize a workshop with a capacity of 150–200 products, costs of about 5,000,000 rubles are required. At the same time, a powerful workshop pays for itself faster due to wholesale sales of products to large retail chains.

Analyze the regional specifics of the market and identify possible buyers. Find out in what volumes sellers purchase goods on the market, and in what volumes - chain stores. Think over the range of products, focusing on the needs of customers and your resources.

Sewing technology

The process of manufacturing garments consists of the following stages:

• model design;
• designing and transferring the model to fabric;
• fabric cutting;
• sewing, finishing of the product.

The fashion designer draws an image of the future item, and then forms it from fabric on a mannequin

A fashion designer does the modeling. He draws up a sketch of the future product, selects color solutions, types of fabrics. The designer converts the sketch into a drawing, calculates the dimensions of the parts and the amount of material. He also produces patterns and technical documentation. In an atelier or sewing workshop, the functions of a fashion designer and designer are performed by a cutter - he communicates with the client, takes measurements, cuts out parts, and brings the product into compliance with the specified parameters. The cut parts are sent to the sewing workshop, where they are turned into a finished product.

Opening a garment factory or workshop to produce goods for sale

In garment factories, products are produced in batches for wide consumption. The workshop is equipped with one or more production lines. The advantages of a workshop over a home workshop are the ability to set affordable prices and sell large quantities of products.

Premises requirements

So, you have decided to open a clothing workshop. Now choose a room suitable for production. The workshop area depends on the number of goods produced. So, to produce 100 units of product, 60–70 sq.m. are needed. area. Before renting a premises, invite fire and sanitary inspection authorities to inspect it and obtain permission to operate.

To ensure that the premises meet the standards fire safety, equip it with a fire alarm, emergency exit and fire extinguishers.

Equipment

Having finished renting the premises, proceed to purchasing equipment. Make a list of required units, including:

• sewing machine;
• overlock;
• machine for cutting fabric;
• household iron;
• steam generator;
• cutting knife;
• button apparatus;
• tables and racks;
• consumables - threads, tailor's scissors, chalk and others.

Overlock is a machine for processing the edges of fabric, one of the key ones in the sewing industry.

The total costs for equipment are 250,000 rubles, for fittings - 50,000 rubles.

Required Personnel

The success of the clothing business depends 70% on the level of personnel training. When opening a small production, hire:

• two cutters;
• three seamstresses;
• cleaning lady;
• order taker.

At first, the designated number of employees is sufficient. Later, you will be able to involve fashion designers, designers, and highly specialized seamstresses in your work.

To save money, hire 60% experienced employees and 40% beginners - perhaps students. Having gained experience at your enterprise, they will work there for many years.

Pay your staff according to the “salary + interest” system. Create a production plan and reward employees with financial bonuses for achieving their goals.

Raw materials and consumables

Explore the wholesale databases of fabric manufacturers. Select suppliers based on the price-quality ratio. If you can negotiate direct contracts with the bases, you will save on supplier markups and reduce production costs.

While studying business, ask questions on forums, look for successful entrepreneurs in your region and learn from their experience, make acquaintances, including with suppliers.

Ideally, find a mentor willing to accompany your business. He will tell you where to find high-quality fabrics and accessories, how to purchase equipment and organize the sale of goods.

What is better to sew: assessment of options for making children's, women's clothing, workwear and other types

To find out what products will be in demand in the region, work in several directions simultaneously. Combine the tailoring of evening dresses with the production of fabric souvenirs, and the production of workwear with the production of accessories for the garden. Make sure that the combinations are not absurd - it is strange when a company that produces hammocks and canopies produces chiffon scarves.

After selling the first batch of goods, analyze the demand again and clarify the portrait of the target audience. Review your pricing policy if necessary. So, if you sew summer sundresses of a simple cut, and your consumer is young mothers, you should not inflate your prices.

In any region there is a stable demand for children's clothing - if you can get a certificate for sewing one, consider that you have found a “gold mine”.

Study not only demand, but also supply in the market. Look into competitors' stores, see what they produce and at what prices they sell. Don't try to steal the ideas of other entrepreneurs - use your own ideas to attract buyers.

To prevent your business from burning out at the very beginning, calculate your income and expenses. Determine the payback period of the business. An example of calculations for a workwear sewing workshop with a productivity of 75 products per day is given in the tables below.

Table: initial investment

Table: monthly expenses

Table: Projected Income

The level of income and profit of an entrepreneur depends on the volume of products produced, consumer demand, the availability of a client base and partnerships in the field of trade.

Sales organization

Possible sales channels for clothing products:

• Network shops;
• private entrepreneurs;
• direct sales;
• trade via the Internet.

At the initial stages, agree with the owners of small stores about the supply of your goods for sale. Later connect large networks and then create your own online store.

Video: master class on sewing production

Where to start opening a mini-atelier or workshop at home

Opening a home studio is easier than opening a sewing workshop. To do this, you just need to have a modern sewing machine and equip a room in your apartment as a workshop. To develop your business, purchase equipment and organize an advertising campaign. Print and distribute leaflets, create an advertising website or group on a social network. Study fashion magazines and try to find a “zest” for your products to attract customers who value exceptional things.

A workshop equipped in an apartment must be organized

Premises, equipment, personnel

When you're ready to expand your business and move into rental space, create a business plan. Choose a room of 60–80 square meters. m., meeting the standards of the SES and fire inspection authorities, with good ventilation and a 380V electrical network.

Buy 2-3 sewing machines, racks, an overlocker, a couple of tables and mannequins. Hire employees if you are ready to provide them with wages. The key workers of the atelier are the administrator, the cutter and the seamstress.

Starting capital and payback forecast

Below are tables calculating the costs of opening a mini-atelier with the number of employees - 3 people and output - 1 product per day.

Table: costs of starting a business

Table: monthly expenses

Table: projected income and payback

As you can see, a small studio quickly pays for itself, but does not bring much profit to the owner. To increase your income level, you need to expand your business or focus on producing exclusive items at high prices.

How to promote a sewing business

To make your studio successful, establish a work schedule that is clear and convenient for clients. If you are located in mall, let the opening hours coincide with the center's work schedule.

Create a business card website with a clear description of your services and a group on a social network to maintain contact with customers.

If you sew clothes, pay special attention to customers with a non-standard figure - once you please them, and they will come back for new wardrobe items regularly.

Comply with the deadlines and quality of order fulfillment. The best advertisement is the conscientious work of the staff and polite customer service.

Instructions

It is very good if you are already familiar with sewing. If not, read the necessary literature, perhaps go to some sewing classes. It is important to understand the entire technology, learn a lot about the technological intricacies in order to then evaluate the investment in any equipment.

Find the space you need to organize your sewing workshop. Since it requires huge areas, look for a spacious building. The location will not be particularly important, although, of course, it will be more convenient for your future staff if they live nearby. Alternatively, you can arrange home-based work by installing a home sewing machine for each seamstress and delivering the necessary materials to them.

You need to buy sewing equipment. This is one of the most costly, but at the same time profitable actions. You will need universal stitching machines, semi-automatic loopers, edge-winding machines and other similar equipment.

Find potential customers and conduct all necessary negotiations with them.

Don't forget about marketing policy. If you yourself have little understanding of it, contact specialized ones or hire a person with the necessary education. Now go for it. And, perhaps, it is your sewing enterprise that in a few years will turn into an industrial giant with a high cash turnover.

Video on the topic

The production of knitted clothing, if it is not a handicraft workshop, requires expensive equipment and large areas, for which not every novice entrepreneur has the funds. But a small clothing production workshop, unlike a workshop, has a chance to “promote” its own brand and reach the level of the all-Russian market.

You will need

• - certificate of registration of an individual entrepreneur or legal entity;
• -room with an area of ​​100 square meters;
• - a set of universal and specialized sewing equipment;
• - agreement with several suppliers of raw materials (fabrics and accessories);
• - two teams of workers (10 people each) and a clothing design technologist.

Instructions

Register as individual entrepreneur or register entity, if your company has several co-founders. Rent a room, considering options from only 100 square meters, preferably with the ability to connect electricity on a production scale - with a voltage of 380 volts. The room must be in such a condition that it does not have to be done major renovation- Considering the likely size of the rent, you cannot afford to spend more on this.

Study the sewing equipment market and decide what types of equipment would be appropriate for you to equip your workshop with. All sewing equipment is divided into universal (sewing machines) and specialized (machines for performing specific operations). You will probably need about 15-20 universal sewing machines, several overcasting machines and a semi-automatic button machine.

Agree on cooperation with several wholesale fabric suppliers - choose those that offer the most complete range and do not require full prepayment. Check in advance each type of purchased raw material (fabric) for compatibility with your equipment. Also pay great attention to the purchase of accessories, try to select the parts that are most suitable for the models of knitted clothing that you produce, do not allow approximation.

Calculate the number of personnel required to service your production. The optimal team consists of five seamstresses, two cutters and a foreman. To develop new clothing models, an experienced design technologist is needed. The services of other specialists (equipment adjuster, accountant) can be used as needed by agreeing with them to work on a part-time basis.

Being engaged in sewing at home, many people think about opening a full-fledged business - their own atelier or even a sewing workshop. If you are one of those who are interested in the question of where to start sewing production, then this article is just for you.

In a business area such as clothing production, competition is quite high, so your production must stand out from competitors with excellent product quality and competitive prices. When starting this type of business, it is better to immediately decide on your specialization - bed linen, knitwear, or even a specific type of clothing (workwear, winter jackets, etc.).

Drawing up a business plan

Let's determine the amount of initial costs for opening a sewing workshop:

• equipment from 350 thousand rubles;
• advertising from 50 thousand rubles;
• rent before opening from 40 thousand rubles;
• renovation of premises from 70 thousand rubles.

In total, at first you will have to spend from 510 thousand rubles. In addition, you will have monthly expenses, which will be:

• staff salaries about 200 thousand rubles;
• rent from 40 thousand rubles;
• materials for work from 350 thousand rubles;
• advertising from 30 thousand rubles;
• taxes.

Every month you will need to spend from 620 thousand rubles. In total, in the first six months of work you will have to spend at least 1,130 thousand rubles.

Since the above business plan assumes the presence of 10 employees, you can count on 800 thousand rubles of profit per month. Taking into account the fact that the first months of work, after opening a sewing business from scratch, the profit will be less, we can assume that the payback period will occur no earlier than 6 months after the start of work.

Selection of premises

Before you open a sewing production from scratch, you need to start looking for suitable premises. Such premises may be a premises of suitable size, located in an industrial part of the city, where the rent is significantly lower than the cost of rent in the city center.

When selecting the area of ​​the premises, it is necessary to focus on sanitary standards, which establish that each employee must have at least 7 square meters.

In addition, the premises for sewing production should include, in addition to the sewing workshop, an ironing area, a cutting room, a warehouse, a recreation area and a bathroom.