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Who should give the military salute first? Drill

§ 60. Performing a military salute without weapons on the spot and on the move

Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and common culture.

All military personnel are required to greet each other when meeting (overtaking).

Subordinates and juniors military rank They greet first, and in case of equal status, the first to greet is the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.

Military personnel are also obliged to greet:
■ Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
■ mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
■ National flag Russian Federation, The battle flag of a military unit, as well as the Naval flag upon arrival on a warship and upon departure from it;
■ funeral processions accompanied by military units.

The military salute is performed clearly and bravely, with strict adherence to the rules of formation and movement.

To perform a military greeting in place outside the formation without a headdress, three or four steps before the commander (senior), turn in his direction, take a formation stance and look into his face, turning your head after him.

If you are wearing a headdress, then, in addition, apply the shortest route to your right hand headdress so that the fingers are together, the palm is straight, the middle finger touches the lower edge of the headdress (at the visor), and the elbow is in line and at shoulder height. When turning the head towards the boss (senior), the position of the hand at the headdress remains unchanged.

When the chief (senior) passes the person performing the military salute, put your head straight and at the same time lower your hand.

To perform a military salute while moving out of formation without a headdress, three or four steps before the commander (senior), at the same time as placing your foot, stop moving your arms, turn your head in his direction and, continuing to move, look into his face. After passing the boss (senior), put your head straight and continue moving your hands.

When wearing a headdress, simultaneously with placing your foot on the ground, turn your head and place your right hand on the headdress, left hand hold motionless at the hip; Having passed the boss (senior), at the same time as placing your left foot on the ground, put your head straight and lower your right hand.

When overtaking a superior (senior), perform the military salute with the first step of overtaking. With the second step, put your head straight and lower your right hand.

If a soldier's hands are full of a burden, perform the military salute by turning his head towards the commander (senior).

Additional materials to § 60

Charter of the Internal Service of the Russian Army (until 1917) on salutation.

Giving honor is giving honor to the military rank of the one to whom honor is given, and to the uniform he wears; therefore, it is equally obligatory both for subordinates and juniors - in relation to superiors and seniors, and for superiors and seniors - in relation to subordinates and juniors; both must mutually salute each other.

Subordinates and juniors are required to salute first. On the same basis, units of troops and commanders salute each other, military regalia, some monuments and funeral processions that are accompanied by troops. In addition, honor is given to spiritual processions.

Saluting when military ranks meet each other must precede any other kind of greeting, no matter what personal relationship those meeting may have; the obligatory mutual salute for all (not counting seniority) serves as a symbol of unity between all ranks of the Imperial Russian Army.

Every serviceman is obliged to greet another when meeting, without waiting for the latter to greet him, even if he was in a junior rank; some military officials, apparently deprived of military education and completely not imbued with the duties that a military uniform entails, consider themselves obliged only to respond to the greetings of officer ranks, which, according to the existing concept, should for some reason always greet them first.

§61. Failure and return to service. Approaching the boss and leaving him.

A command is given for the serviceman to disable the ranks.

The command may sound like this: “Private Ivanov, break ranks by so many steps/” or “Private Ivanov, come to me (run to me)!”

The serviceman, hearing his last name, replies: “I am!”, and upon the command to leave the ranks (about a call) he replies: “Yes!” At the first command, the serviceman steps out of formation for the specified number of steps, counting from the first rank, stops and turns to face the formation. On the second command, the serviceman, having taken one or two steps straight from the first rank, turns towards the commander as he walks, approaches (runs up) to him in the shortest possible way and, stopping two or three steps later, reports his arrival.

For example: “Comrade Lieutenant! Private Ivanov has arrived on your orders" or "Comrade Colonel! Captain Petrov has arrived on your orders.”

When a serviceman leaves the second rank, he lightly places his left hand on the shoulder of the soldier in front, who takes a step forward and, without placing his right foot, steps to the right, lets the outgoing serviceman pass, then takes his place.

When a soldier leaves the first rank, his place is taken by the soldier of the second rank standing behind him.

When a soldier leaves the column in twos (threes, fours), he breaks ranks towards the nearest flank, first making a turn to the right (left). If a serviceman is standing nearby, he takes a step with his right (left) foot to the side and, without placing his left (right) foot, takes a step back, lets the serviceman pass and then takes his place.

When a soldier breaks down with a weapon, the position of the weapon does not change, with the exception of the carbine in the “shoulder” position, which is taken to the “leg” position when the movement begins.

A command is given to return the serviceman to duty. For example: “Private Ivanov! Get in line!” or just “Get in line!”

At the command “Private Ivanov!” a soldier standing facing the line, hearing his last name, turns to face his superior and answers: “I am!” At the command “Get in line!”, if he is unarmed or with a weapon in the “behind his back” position, the serviceman puts his hand to his headgear, answers: “Yes!”, turns in the direction of movement, lowers his hand with the first step, moving in formation step by step, taking the shortest route to his place in the ranks.

If only the command “Get into formation!” is given, the serviceman returns to formation without first turning to his superior.

When operating with a weapon, after returning to duty, the weapon is taken to the position in which it is held by the servicemen standing in the ranks.

When approaching a superior out of formation, a serviceman takes a formation step five or six steps ahead of him, stops two or three steps later and, at the same time as he puts his foot down, puts his right hand on his headgear, after which he reports his arrival. At the end of the report, the serviceman lowers his hand.

When approaching a superior with a weapon, the position of the weapon does not change, with the exception of the carbine in the “shoulder” position, which is taken to the “leg” position after the serviceman stops in front of the superior. The hand is not applied to the headgear, except when the weapon is in the “behind the back” position.

When leaving the commander, the soldier, having received permission to go, puts his right hand to his headdress, answers: “Yes!”, turns in the direction of movement, lowers his hand with the first step and, having taken three or four steps in front, continues moving at a marching pace.

When moving away from the commander with a weapon, the position of the weapon does not change, with the exception of the carbine, which, if necessary, is taken from the “to the leg” position by the soldier to another position after answering: “Yes!”

The commander, giving the command to return the serviceman to duty or giving him permission to go, puts his hand on the headdress and lowers it.

§ 63. Performing a military salute in formation, on the spot and on the move.

To perform a military greeting in the ranks on the spot, when the commander approaches 10-15 steps, the squad leader commands: “Squad, ATEMICLY, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)!”

The servicemen of the squad take a drill stance, simultaneously turn their heads to the right (left) and follow the commander with their gaze, turning their heads after him.

When the commander approaches from the rear of the formation, the squad leader turns the squad around and then gives the command to perform a military salute.

The squad commander, having given the command to perform a military salute, approaches the commander in a marching step; stops two or three steps before him and reports. For example: “Comrade Lieutenant, the second squad is doing something. Squad commander Sergeant Petrov."

The commander who is being greeted puts his hand to his headdress after giving the command to perform a military salute.

Having finished the report, the squad leader, without lowering his hand from his headgear, takes a step to the side with his left (right) foot while simultaneously turning to the right (left) and, letting the chief go ahead, follows him one or two steps behind and on the outside of the formation.

Upon passing the boss or on the command “At ease!” The squad leader commands: “FREE!” - and lowers his hand.

If a superior addresses a serviceman in the ranks by military rank and surname, he replies: “I am!”, and when addressing only by military rank, the serviceman responds with his position, rank and surname. In this case, the position of the weapon does not change and the hand is not applied to the headdress.

To perform a military greeting in formation while moving, 10-15 steps before the leader, the squad leader commands: “Squad, ATEMIC, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT)!”

At the command “Attention!” all military personnel move to a combat step, and at the command “Alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT)!” at the same time turn their heads towards the boss and stop moving their hands or the hand not occupied with the weapon.

With the carbine in the “shoulder” position, the movement of the hand not occupied with the weapon does not stop.

The squad leader, if he is unarmed or with a weapon in the “behind his back” position, turns his head and puts his hand to his headgear.

Military units and subunits, when in formation, salute upon command:
■ the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
■ marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to manage the inspection (check) of a military unit (unit).

To greet the indicated persons in the ranks, the senior commander gives the command “Attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports. (For example: “Comrade Major General, the 46th Tank Regiment has been assembled for the general regimental evening verification. The regimental commander is Colonel Orlov.”)

When greeting the ranks while moving, the chief only gives a command.

Military units and subunits greet each other upon command when meeting, and also perform a military salute, paying tribute:
■ Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
■ mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
■ the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;
■ funeral processions accompanied by military units.

Many people probably know that they don’t put their hand on an empty head (without a headdress). You can learn about this in almost any war film. Where did the trump card come from among the military and why can't you put your hand on an empty head??

One of the most likely versions of trumping is this. Medieval knights, who were known to be professional soldiers, wore not only iron armor, but also the same helmets that completely covered their faces during battle. If the knight did not want to fight, that is, showed peaceful intentions, then he opened his face and raised his visor. This sign, when the hand is raised to the head, became the main symbol of the military when they showed respect or friendly feelings. When the need is knight's armor disappeared, the military raised their hand to remove the headdress or simply lift it (remember how gentlemen politely raise their hats when meeting each other).

Later, when the headdresses of most armies of the world became bulky and pretentious, it became problematic to remove or raise them (shakos, caps with cockades, hats). And the military’s hands were not always able to lift colorful hats without damaging or getting dirty. Their hands were covered in oil, dirt or soot, so the soldiers, and then the officers, simply began to make a symbolic movement to the temple, supposedly demonstrating the removal of their caps.

Now about why you can’t put your hand on an empty head

First of all, it's pointless. Raise your hand to remove a headdress that is not there? This is nonsense, given the history of the origin of trumping.

But there is a more important reason, which is especially important for Russian army(and the armies of some countries). By placing his hand on an empty head, the soldier, instead of expressing his respect and submission to the commander, actually insults him. In general, appearing in front of the commander without a headdress is already a violation of the regulations, which speaks volumes about saluting. Soldiers (and other military personnel) can be without a headdress (and without a military uniform) while sleeping, eating, worshiping, etc., that is, in “secular” life.

The third reason why you cannot salute without military equipment(caps, caps), is that this is directly written in the Charter of the Armed Forces. “The right hand should be placed on the headdress, and the left hand should be lowered along the seams.” That is, in other cases you cannot apply your hand.

By the way, in most armies there is no such rule; for example, the American military puts their hand to an empty head.

The question arises: why exactly did this tradition “survive” in the Russian army - to salute only in a headdress? After all, we didn’t have knights. Some military historians suggest that the raising of the hand may have arisen from a desire to get a better look at the enemy. We all still do it, raise our palms to our eyes to see something.

History of military greeting November 6th, 2013

According to one version, this comes from the Middle Ages: the military greeting is a knightly tradition. When meeting each other, the knights lifted the visor of their helmet with a movement of their hands to show that their friend’s face was hidden behind the armor. Or they raised their visor to show their peaceful intentions.

According to another version, the tradition of modern military greeting originates on the island of Great Britain. In many armies around the world, junior ranks greeted senior ranks by removing their hats, as was the case in the British Army, but by the 18th and 19th centuries, soldiers’ hats had become so bulky that this greeting was reduced to a simple touch of the visor. The greeting we know took shape in 1745 in the Coldstream Regiment, an elite guard unit of the Queen of England’s personal guard.

In the regimental regulations of the guards it was written: “Personnel are ordered not to raise their hats when they pass by an officer or address him, but only to press their hands to their hat and bow.” In 1762, the charter of the Scots Guards clarified: “Since nothing disfigures a headdress and contaminates the lacings like removing a hat, in the future, personnel are only ordered to raise their palm to their hat with a short gesture when passing by an officer.” Such an innovation caused some resistance, but, as we see, it still took root.

Wherein great importance given that during a military greeting they do not bow their heads or lower their eyes, this means that military personnel of different ranks are free people serving one state. TO mid-19th century, the military greeting in Great Britain has undergone new changes: the hand brought to the headdress (more precisely, to the right eyebrow) is facing outward with the palm. This tradition continues to this day.

In the USA, the hand is brought slightly forward, as if closing the eyes from the sun, and the palm looks at the ground. The American gesture was influenced by the traditions of the British Navy: back in the days of sailing ships, sailors used pitch and tar to seal cracks in the wooden parts of the ship so that they would not leak sea water. At the same time, the hands were protected with white gloves, but showing a dirty palm was undignified, so in the navy the greeting hand turned 90 degrees down. The military salutes the same way in France.

In Tsarist Russia, the military saluted with two fingers (this tradition still remains in Poland), and in the Soviet and modern Russian army, the salute is given with the entire palm facing down, with the middle finger looking at the temple.

By the way, let us emphasize a detail that is worth paying attention to: if earlier the ritual was called “giving military honor“, then today the Russian military regulations seem to return us to the demands of noble knights: “soul to God, life to the fatherland, heart to the lady, honor to no one!” (as the author of this statement L.G. Kornilov says?). Now this ritual is called the “military salute”

According to the charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, all military personnel when meeting or overtaking are required to greet each other and must strictly observe the rules of giving military salute I established by the drill regulations of the RF Armed Forces.

Military salute it is the embodiment of respect, cohesion, camaraderie, and a manifestation of culture.

There are also those who believe that the custom of giving military honor in the armies of the world is associated with the name of the famous pirate Francis Drake.(about the history of piracy and in particular about DRAKE).

This is, of course, more of a joke version, but still :-)

"I'M BLINDED!"

Having completed in 1577-1580. circumnavigation, Drake sent a letter to Queen Elizabeth describing his exploits. Interested in the pirate's personality, and even more interested in the treasures he had looted, the queen visited Drake's ship. When she climbed on board, Drake, pretending to be blinded by her beauty (according to contemporaries, Elizabeth was extremely ugly), shaded his eyes with his palm.

Since then in English fleet this gesture allegedly began to be used to salute...

LEFT OR RIGHT?

This may be true, but most likely it is just a beautiful legend, although it has many supporters. However, let us see whether the need to give honor does not entail inconvenience.

According to etiquette, a man should walk to the left of a woman, since the place on the right is considered honorable. If a woman takes a soldier by the arm, he must be on her right in order to be able to give a military greeting. About 200-300 years ago, men did not leave the house without weapons. Each one had a saber, rapier or dagger hanging on his left side. On the left - in order to quickly and more conveniently grab the weapon from the sheath with the right hand. To prevent the weapon from hitting his companion’s legs when walking, the gentleman tried to walk to the left of his lady.

In general, it is correct for a man to walk on the left, because people here often move to the right, and it is better for the person you meet to accidentally hit you with his shoulder, and not your companion. Only the military does not obey this rule when they are in uniform. In order to give a military salute and not hit your companion with your elbow, the soldier’s or officer’s right hand must be free. Therefore, it is more convenient for them to walk on the right rather than on the left.

THEY DON'T PUT A HAND TO THE EMPTY HEAD?

In the Russian army, honor is given only when wearing a headdress, but in the American army... In America, honor is given not “to an empty head,” but in any case. It's all about the story. It should be taken into account that in the USA the traditions of the army of the Northerners (as winners) have been preserved mainly, which was created from volunteers, often dressed, at first, in ordinary clothes and did not have combat habits. Hence the salutation without military uniform and headdress, which sometimes simply did not exist. Accordingly, when the uniform appeared, honor was given by placing a hand on the head, regardless of the presence of a headdress.

Times have changed, morals have changed

Officers or soldiers who carried a sword or saber, no matter whether mounted or on foot, saluted by raising the weapon, bringing the handle closer to the lips, then moving the weapon to the right and down. This form of greeting dates back to the Middle Ages and is associated with religion, when a knight would kiss the hilt of his sword, symbolizing the Christian cross. Then it became a tradition when taking an oath.

Raising your hand in greeting instead of taking off your hat had practical implications. As the soldiers lit the fuses of their muskets, their hands became dirty with soot. A with dirty hands removing the headdress meant rendering it unusable. Therefore, by the end of the 18th century, honor began to be given by simply raising one’s hand.

In the imperial period, saluting included not only raising the hand to the headdress, but also a variety of bows, curtsies and other elements, depending on the rank of the person being met and the meeting place.

Let's remember something else, or for example, I recently collected . Here's an interesting one The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy was made -

46. Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good manners. All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (junior in military rank) greet their superiors (senior in military rank) first, and in an equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.

3. Military salute. Chapter. Military personnel of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (Russian Armed Forces) and the relationship between them. Internal order. “Charter of the internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation” (UVS AF of Russia)

Military salute formerly called saluting, salute.

The rules of military salutation in the Russian Armed Forces are also mandatory for citizens discharged from military service when they wear military uniforms.

Version of the magazine "Around the World"

Military salute in different countries

In Western countries

IN Western countries(which included the Russian Empire) salute was not and is not mutual military salute like a handshake, but is a symbolic gesture of respect. Actually salute(honors) or "hand salute"- This is a variation of other fireworks such as artillery or gun salutes.

Wherein salutation is not produced by humans. In republican countries (for example, the USA) salutation as a rule, it is produced in a uniform military uniform - one of the most important state symbols, second in importance only to the state flag - and is a gesture of mutual recognition and belonging to the same corporation, a symbol of mutual respect, therefore salute allowed only in uniform and only to a person in uniform.

Giving military honor soldier (Cossack): - If a soldier meets with a superior who is supposed to salute, then he must, 4 steps before the boss, put his right hand to right side the bottom edge of a hat or cap so that the fingers are together, the palm is slightly facing outward, and the elbow is at shoulder height; at the same time look at the boss and follow him with your eyes. When the boss passes him by a step, then lower his hand.
When meeting with a boss who is supposed to salute standing in front, he, not reaching four steps from the boss, takes the last step with the leg to which he should turn (that is, if you need to turn to the right, then with the right foot, and if to the left, then with the left) and another full step or several less with the other leg, during the extension of which you should turn your shoulders and body in front and then, simultaneously with placing your foot, raise your right hand to the headdress, turning your head to the side of the boss. Saluting, you should stand according to the “stance” rules. When the boss passes him by a step, he turns in the direction he was going and, placing his remaining leg behind him, begins moving with his left leg, lowering his right hand with the first step.
The lower ranks salute, standing at the front: the Sovereign Emperor, the Empress and all Persons of the Imperial Family, all generals, admirals, the head of the garrison, their: regimental, squadron and hundred commanders, their staff officers, as well as banners and standards.
Without standing in front, but placing only your hand on the headdress,
salutes: - all headquarters and chief officers; military doctors; class officials of his regiment; reserve and retired generals, staff and chief officers, when they are in military uniform; sub-ensigns, estandard cadets and sub-warrants; palace grenadiers; all sergeants, sergeants and those commanding lower ranks to which they are subordinate; and privates, in addition, to all non-commissioned officers of their regiment, non-combatants of senior rank and to all privates who have the Insignia of the Military Order.
If the lower rank comes with a gun or a naked saber, then for saluting he does not stand in front, but takes only four steps before the boss on his shoulder, turning his head towards him and following him with his eyes; then, when the boss passes him a step, he takes the gun or saber “freely.”
The lower rank, having some kind of burden, salutes according to the same rules; if the burden is large and both hands are occupied with it, then honor is given, following the boss with his eyes.
If a soldier stands still and his superior passes by, then the soldier saluting, must turn to face the boss; if the commander stands still and the soldier passes by, then the soldier salutes without stopping, but placing only his hand on the headdress. If a lower rank sees that the boss is overtaking him, then he salutes according to the same rules, standing in front where they should.
Honor is given and in the presence of a senior superior. If the boss, who has been put in front, gives a sign with his hand or says that saluting continued to walk, then he turns and walks, without lowering his arms, until he passes the boss.
Military personnel must not remove their headgear for greetings whoever it is.
If the lower rank rides on a bridled (in Cossacks, bridle) horse, then for saluting does not stop in front, but takes the correct position, puts his right hand on the headdress and, turning his head to the boss, follows him with his eyes; and if with a pike, he takes it “in his hand.”
If the lower rank is riding a bridle horse (that is, the reins are in both hands), then for saluting He does not place his right hand on his headdress, but only turns his head towards the boss and follows him with his eyes. He does the same if he is driving a harnessed horse.
If the lower rank leads the horse on the bit, then for saluting goes over to the side of the horse that is closer to the leader and takes both reins in the hand closest to the horse, right under its muzzle; and in the other hand he takes the ends of the reins and turns his head to the boss.

V.V. Krestovsky, “Book for young cavalry soldiers and Cossacks”, St. Petersburg, ..

In the Red Army, RKKF and Red Guard

3. GREETINGS IN AND OUT OF FORMATION For greetings direct superiors are given the command “at attention”, “turn to the right (to the left, to the middle).” At this command, the military personnel take a military stance, and unit commanders (and political instructors) at the same time put their hand to their headgear and do not lower it until the command “at ease” given by the person who gave the command “at attention”. After the command is given, the senior commander approaches the newcomer and, stopping three steps from him, reports for what purpose the unit was built. Example: “comrade corps commander, 4th rifle regiment Built for inspector shooting. The regiment commander is Colonel Sergeev." In the same order welcomes direct superiors of a Red Army soldier, appointed senior over several other Red Army soldiers. His approximate report: “Comrade Lieutenant, the team of Red Army soldiers of the 2nd squad, assigned to work on the target yard, has been built. The team leader is Red Army soldier Vasiliev.”
At the meeting of the chairmen of the Presidium Supreme Council The USSR and Union Republics, the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR and Union Republics, the People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR and his deputies, the orchestra performs the anthem “Internationale”. When direct superiors meet - from the commander and military commissar of their unit and above - the orchestra performs a counter march. If the commander greets a unit or individual military personnel, they answer “hello.” To congratulations, the military unit (unit) responds with a drawn-out cry of “hurray,” and individual military personnel respond with “thank you.” In response to gratitude, the military unit and individual servicemen respond: “I serve (I serve) Soviet Union" When saying goodbye, they say “goodbye.”
When passing by the Lenin Mausoleum, as well as state monuments declared by order of the People's Commissariat of Defense of the USSR, military units welcome them at the command “at attention.”
For mutual greetings When meeting military units (subunits), as well as separately the following teams, their commanders also give commands: “at attention”, “align to the right (to the left)”.
The commands “stand up” and “at attention” are not given during maneuvers, tactical exercises, shooting (at the firing line), marching movements, work in workshops, garages, parks, hangars, at radio and telegraph stations, in laboratories, clinics, drawing rooms , when performing various chores, after the evening dawn, before the morning dawn, during lunch, dinner and tea. In these cases, the senior commander present or the duty officer (orderly) approaches the arriving (or encountered) chief and reports which unit (unit) is doing what. Examples: “Comrade Colonel, the team of the 3rd company is determining distances. The senior team member is Red Army soldier Sidorov.” “Comrade regimental commissar, the communications company has arrived from lunch, Red Army orderly Voloshin.”
The command “at attention” and a report to the boss are given only when he attends classes for the first time on a given day. In the presence of a senior superior, the command “attention” and the report are not given to the junior superior. In the presence of the unit commander, the command “at attention” and the report to the military commissar of the unit are not given; in this case, the unit commander reports to the military commissar what the unit (unit) is doing. In the absence of the unit commander, the command “at attention” and the report are given to the military commissar of the unit. in cases where a person from the commanding staff arrives at the unit, whom the military personnel (duty officer, orderly) of this unit do not know, the senior commander (duty officer, orderly) approaches the arrival according to the rules of the Military Regulations and asks to present a document. Example: “Comrade Brigade Commander, I don’t know you, please show me your ID.” The procedure for checking a document is as follows. On the back of the top cover of the ID card, look for a photo card, the edge of which should be covered with the seal of the institution or military unit. Compare the photo with the face of the ID holder. On the first and second pages, read the title, surname, first name, patronymic and position. On page six, check for signatures and seals and return the ID. If the newcomer turns out to be the direct superior, give the command “at attention” (when required) and give a report, as indicated above.
As a sign of belonging to the Red Army, mutual respect and military courtesy, military personnel welcome each other. Never wait for it to happen to greet another soldier. First of all welcome myself. Seated for greetings get up. Get up cheerfully and abruptly. When performing the anthem “Internationale”, when you are out of formation (at parades, shows and in in public places), take the position “at attention”; If you are wearing a headdress, place your hand on it and stand in this position until the end of the anthem.

Federal period

In modern army jargon you can periodically hear the expression salute, however, taking into account irreversible changes in the class structure of society, as well as the transformation of the military greeting from a ceremony into a modern tribute to tradition, this expression is a rarely used anachronism.

Decree of the President of Russia of November 10, 2007 No. 1495 (as amended on July 29, 2011) "On approval of general military regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation"(together with the “Charter of Internal Service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”, “Disciplinary Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”, “Charter of Garrison and Guard Services of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation”)

Military salute

46. Military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of politeness and good manners.
All military personnel are obliged when meeting (overtaking) to greet each other, observing the rules established by the Military Regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates (junior in military rank) welcome the first chiefs (senior in military rank), and in case of equal position the first welcomes one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered.
47. Military personnel are obliged to fulfill military salute, paying tribute to:

The State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of the military unit, as well as the Naval Flag upon each arrival on and departure from the ship;

48. Military units and subunits, when in formation, salute upon command:

the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation;
marshals of the Russian Federation, army generals, fleet admirals, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to manage the inspection (check) of a military unit (unit).

For greetings in the ranks, in the place of the indicated persons, the senior commander gives the command “Attention, alignment to the RIGHT (to the LEFT, to the MIDDLE)”, meets them and reports. For example: “Comrade Major General. The 46th Tank Regiment has been assembled for the general regimental evening verification. The regimental commander is Colonel Orlov.”
When constructing a military unit with the State Flag of the Russian Federation and the Battle Banner (at a parade, drill review, during the Military Oath (taking an obligation), etc.), the report indicates the full name of the military unit with a list of honorary names and orders assigned to it .
At greeting in formation while on the move, the chief gives only a command.
49. Military units and units welcome on each other's command when meeting, and also perform military salute, paying tribute to:

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier;
mass graves of soldiers who died in battles for the freedom and independence of the Fatherland;
the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Battle Banner of a military unit, and on a warship - the Naval Flag when it is raised and lowered;
funeral processions accompanied by military units.

50. Military salute troops in formation on the spot, the President of the Russian Federation, the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation is accompanied by the performance of the “Counter March” and the National Anthem of the Russian Federation by the orchestra.
At greeting military unit direct superiors from the commander of their military unit and higher, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection (check), the orchestra performs only the “Counter March”.
51. When out of formation, both during classes and in free time from classes, military personnel of military units (units) welcome superiors on the command “Attention” or “Stand up. Attention.”
At headquarters welcome on command only direct superiors and persons appointed to manage the inspection (check).
In classes outside the formation, as well as in meetings at which only officers are present, for military greeting Commanders (chiefs) are given the command “Comrade officers.”
The commands “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” are given by the eldest of the present commanders (chiefs) or the serviceman who first saw the arriving commander (chief). At this command, all those present stand up, turn towards the arriving commander (chief) and take a combat stance, and with the headdress on, they also put their hand to it.
The senior commander (chief) present approaches the arriving commander (chief) and reports to him.
The arriving commander (chief), having accepted the report, gives the command “At ease” or “COMRADE OFFICERS”, and the one who reported repeats this command, after which all those present take the “at ease” position, with the headgear on, lower their hand from the headgear and then act according to instructions of the arriving commander (chief).
52. The command “Attention” or “Stand at attention” and a report to the commander (chief) are given upon his first visit to a military unit or unit on a given day. The command "Attention" is given to the ship's commander each time he arrives on the ship (disembarks from the ship).
In the presence of a senior commander (chief), the command to military greeting the youngest is not served and the report is not made.
When conducting classroom lessons, the commands “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” are given before the start of each lesson and at its end.
The commands “Attention”, “Stand at attention” or “Comrade officers” before reporting to the commander (superior) are given if other military personnel are present; in their absence, the commander (superior) is only reported.
53. When performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, military personnel in formation take a formation stance without a command, and unit commanders from platoon and above, in addition, put their hand to their headgear.
Military personnel who are out of formation, when performing the National Anthem of the Russian Federation, take a drill stance, and when wearing a headdress, put their hand to it.
54. Command to execute military greeting Military units and subunits are not served:

when a military unit (unit) is raised on alert, on the march, as well as during tactical training and exercises;
at control points, communication centers and in places of combat duty (combat service);
at the firing line and firing (launching) position during firing (launching);
during classes and work in workshops, parks, hangars, laboratories, as well as when performing work for educational purposes;
during sports competitions and games;
when eating and after the “End Light” signal before the “Rise” signal;
in rooms for patients.

In the listed cases, the commander (chief) or senior only reports to the arriving commander. For example: "Comrade Major. 1st motorized rifle company performs the second shooting exercise. Company commander Captain Ilyin."
Units participating in the funeral procession military salute do not comply.
55. At ceremonial meetings, conferences in a military unit, as well as at performances, concerts and cinema, the team for military greeting is not submitted and is not reported to the commander (chief).
On general meetings personnel for military greeting the command “ATRICLY” or “STAND UP. ATEMICLY” is given and reported to the commander (chief).
56. When a superior or senior person addresses individual military personnel, they, with the exception of the sick, take a drill stance and name their military position, military rank and last name. When shaking hands, the elder shakes hands first. If the elder is not wearing gloves, the younger one takes off his glove before shaking hands. right hand. Military personnel without a headdress accompany the handshake with a slight tilt of the head.
57. On greetings superior or senior (“Hello, comrades”), all military personnel, in or out of formation, answer: “We wish you good health”; if the boss or senior says goodbye (“Goodbye, comrades”), then the military personnel answer: “Goodbye.” In this case, the word “comrade” and military rank are added without indicating the words “justice” or “medical service”. For example: “We wish you good health, comrade junior sergeant,” “Goodbye, comrade chief foreman,” “We wish you good health, comrade midshipman,” “Goodbye, comrade lieutenant.”
58. If a commander (chief), in the course of his service, congratulates or thanks a serviceman, then the soldier answers the commander (chief): “I serve the Russian Federation.”
If the commander (chief) congratulates the military personnel of a military unit (unit) who are in the ranks, they respond with a drawn-out triple “Hurray”, and if the commander (chief) thanks them, the military personnel respond: “We serve the Russian Federation.”

Military salute when ships meet

647. Military salute when ships meet at sea or in a roadstead during daylight hours, it is performed in the following order:
a) when meeting warships sailing under the State Flag of the Russian Federation, the Naval Flag or the flag of the Federal Border Service, the signals “Entry” and “Executive” are played on the ships.
The “Entry” signal is played at the moment when the ships’ stems are aligned, while the first “Entry” signal is played on a ship of the lowest rank or under the flag (braid pennant) of a junior (subordinate) commander. At this signal, everyone not engaged in service and located on the upper deck turns to face the passing ship and assumes the “Attention” position, and officers, midshipmen and foremen of the contract service, in addition, put their hand to their headgear.
The “Executive” signal is played first on a ship sailing under the flag (bread pennant) of the senior officer;
b) when meeting warships of the same ranks or sailing under the flags or braid pennants of equal officials, the “Entry” and “Executive” signals are played simultaneously on both ships;
c) when warships meet support vessels, the “Entry” signal is played first on the support vessels.
On ships where there are no buglers, the “Entry” signal is replaced by the sound of one sound signal hand whistle average duration, and “Executive” - two short signals hand whistle.
648. The seniority of formation commanders is announced by order of the fleet (flotilla) commander, and the seniority of division commanders and ship commanders is announced by orders of formation commanders.
649. Military salute officials when meeting them at sea or in a roadstead, it is carried out if they are on a ship (boat) under the flag assigned to them (braid pennant) and if the distance to the ship (boat) does not exceed 2 cables.
650. When a Navy ship meets ships of civil departments of the Russian Federation and non-military ships foreign countries, if the indicated vessels greet the warship by lowering stern flag, i.e. salute the flag on command

Andreev Alexey

Have you ever wondered why military personnel put their hand to the visor of their cap when saluting? And why is this gesture not only spelled out in the regulations of our army, but also typical as a sign of greeting for the armies of the whole world? The military sometimes does not realize that, saluting each other, they exactly repeat the movements of medieval knights, who raised the visors of their helmets and always recorded the moment when their faces were completely open to each other...

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City scientific and practical marathon

“A step into science. Junior"

Section “History. Social science"

Research

Completed

student of grade 3 "B"

MBOU "Secondary School No. 226" Zarechny

Andreev Alexey.

Scientific adviser:

primary teacher

classes of MBOU "Secondary School No. 226"

Malkova Elena Alexandrovna

Zarechny

2012

LEADING.

2. CHAPTER 1. Why do the military salute?

3. CHAPTER 2.

4. CHAPTER 3. Military greeting in Russia.

5. CONCLUSION.

6. LITERATURE.

INTRODUCTION

I'm in a cadet class and I'm interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temple. I decided to research what this gesture means and where this tradition came from.

Goal of the work:

To figure out, why do military men, when saluting, put their hand to their headdress,and from what time does this tradition begin?

Research objectives:

Conduct a survey;

Hypothesis:

Historical hypothesis (Middle Ages): Heavy cavalrymen (knights, knights) wore helmets in the Middle Ages. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. When riding oncoming, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised his visor or mask. He exposed his face so that the person he met could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and did not have aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: “there is no weapon in my right hand.”

Research methods:questionnaire (APPENDIX 1), literature study, comparison and analysis of the collected material.

Object of study:military traditions.

CHAPTER 1. Why do the military salute?

At the end of the 18th century, junior officers greeted senior officers, and soldiers saluted officers by removing their headdress. Civilians still bow to each other this way as a sign of respect. This tradition probably dates back to the times when a knight was required to raise his visor or remove his helmet in front of his lord.

Raising your hand in greeting instead of taking off your hat had practical implications. As the soldiers lit the fuses of their muskets, their hands became dirty with soot. And removing the headdress with dirty hands meant rendering it unusable. Therefore, by the end of the 18th century, honor began to be given by simply raising one’s hand.

CHAPTER 2.

Where did the custom of saluting come from?

The tradition of the modern military salute originates on the island of Great Britain. In many armies around the world, junior ranks greeted senior ranks by removing their hats, as was the case in the British Army, but by the 18th and 19th centuries, soldiers’ hats had become so bulky that this greeting was reduced to a simple touch of the visor. The greeting we know took shape in 1745 in the Coldstream Regiment, an elite guard unit of the Queen of England’s personal guard. In the regimental regulations of the guards it was written: “Personnel are ordered not to raise their hats when they pass by an officer or address him, but only to press their hands to their hat and bow.”

In 1762, the charter of the Scots Guards clarified: “Since nothing disfigures a headdress and contaminates the lacings like removing a hat, in the future, personnel are only ordered to raise their palm to their hat with a short gesture when passing by an officer.” Such an innovation caused some resistance, but, as we see, it still took root. At the same time, great importance is attached to the fact that during a military greeting they do not bow their heads or lower their eyes, this means that military personnel of different ranks are free people serving one state.

By the middle of the 19th century, the military salute in Great Britain had undergone new changes: the hand brought to the headdress (more precisely, to the right eyebrow) is facing outward with the palm. This tradition continues to this day. In the USA, the hand is brought slightly forward, as if closing the eyes from the sun, and the palm looks at the ground. The American gesture was influenced by the traditions of the British Navy: back in the days of sailing ships, sailors used pitch and tar to seal cracks in the wooden parts of the ship so that they would not let sea water through. At the same time, the hands were protected with white gloves, but showing a dirty palm was undignified, so in the navy the greeting hand turned 90 degrees down. The military salutes the same way in France.

CHAPTER 3.

Military greeting in Russia.

1. Using a questionnaire, I interviewed 23 classmates.

When asked if you know why the military, when saluting, put their hand to their headdress, all the guys answered in the negative.

To the question: “What do you think,? a negative answer was also given.

After analyzing the questionnaires (APPENDICES 1, 2), I saw that my classmates do not know why the military, when saluting, put their hand to their right temple and have no ideaSince when has this tradition been going on?

2. In the city and school libraries I found the literature I needed for research.

3. Having familiarized myself with the collected material (APPENDIX 3), I found out that in modern army speech you can periodically hear the expression salute , however, taking into account changes in the structure of society and themilitary greeting

knightsvisorarmies

CONCLUSION

conclusion, hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual that supposedly originates from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisor

LITERATURE

Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary.

General military regulations of the RF Armed Forces (chapter 3), 2011.

ANNEX 1

QUESTIONNAIRE

Dear friend! I ask you to take part in the survey and answer the following questions:

2. What do you think?Since when has this tradition been going on??

APPENDIX 2

Survey results

23 people took part in the survey.

1. Do you know why soldiers, when saluting, put their hand to their headdress?

“No” - 23 students, 100%.

2. What do you think?Since when has this tradition been going on??

“I don’t know” - 23 students, 100%.

APPENDIX 3

Magazine "Around the World" 01/19/2009.

Ozhegov's explanatory dictionary.

Encyclopedia "1001 questions".

- “Children’s encyclopedia for the lazy,” 1995.

General military regulations of the RF Armed Forces (chapter 2, 3), 2011.

Military etiquette. Textbook\ Under general. ed. B.V. Vorobyova-M., 2005.

Platonov B.N. Military etiquette - M., 1983.

Theses

"Why do the military salute."

Research

Justification of the relevance of the topic:

I'm in a cadet class and I'm interested in everything related to the military. I often see how soldiers, when meeting each other, put their right hand to their temple. This gesture interested me.

I asked my classmates and parents:

- Why do soldiers put their hand to their headdress when saluting?

When does this tradition begin?

It turned out that my friends did not know the answers to the questions posed. I decided to help them.

Goal of the work:

To figure out, why do the military, when “saluting”, put their hand to their headdress,and since when does this tradition go back?

To achieve this goal, I set for myself tasks :

Conduct a survey;

Go to the library and find the necessary literature;

Contact parents for help collecting information online;

It is good to think and comprehend the collected material.

In the course of reviewing the information received, it was put forward hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual that supposedly originates from the medievalknights. At that time they wore helmets on their heads. Many helmets had visors or masks to protect the face. When riding oncoming, as a gesture showing peaceful intentions, the knight raised his visor or mask. He exposed his face so that the person he met could recognize him. This was done with the right hand, which also showed that the warrior was not ready to start a fight and did not have aggressive intentions. The gesture seemed to say: “there is no weapon in my right hand.”

The result the work began with the selection of materials on this topic, slide presentation and the brochure “Military Greeting”, which can be used in extracurricular activities in the “History of the Russian Army” classes.

After reviewing the collected material, I found out that in modern army speech you can hear the expression salute , however, with the change in the structure of society and themilitary greetingfrom a ceremony to a modern tribute to tradition, this expression is a rarely used phrase.

What is “salute”? This means showing respect to a person of higher rank. It was established that this was done different ways V different time. Greetings in one form or another have always existed among all peoples. The forms of greeting were different: bowing, kneeling, falling face down on the ground, various hand gestures. The military greeting that is customary in the army - placing the right hand on the visor of the cap - appeared quite recently.

I learned that the military salute is a ritual supposedly borrowed from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting. IN Armed Forces In Russia, the military salute is performed with the fingers of the right hand closed and the hand straightened; unlike a number of othersarmiespeace, with the head uncovered, the military greeting is performed without raising a hand, by assuming a military position.

This is what it says inChartere internal service of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation (RF Armed Forces).

Article 43. Chapter 2. RELATIONS BETWEEN MILITARY SERVICEMEN

The military salute is the embodiment of the comradely cohesion of military personnel, evidence of mutual respect and a manifestation of common culture. All military personnel are obliged to greet each other when meeting (overtaking), strictly observing the rules established by the drill regulations of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Subordinates and juniors in military rank greet first, and in case of equal position, the one who considers himself more polite and well-mannered greets first.

When meeting, the junior in rank is obliged to greet the senior first; if they belong to different categories of military personnel (soldier - Officer, junior officer - senior officer), a senior officer may perceive failure to perform a military greeting upon meeting as an insult.

As a result of the work done, I came to conclusion, that putting the fingers of the right hand to the temple in the military means “salute” or greeting. This confirms the previously stated hypothesis:

The military salute is a ritual that supposedly originates from the medievalknights. To show their nobility in the face of the enemy, the knights threw backvisorhelmet The characteristic movement of the hand formed the basis of the modern military greeting.

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