Increasingly, parents, trying to individualize the educational process of their children, are turning to the concept of “home schooling.” This is especially typical for elementary school, when the child may not be mentally and physically ready for a simultaneous change in lifestyle and high-quality assimilation of the flow new information, the need for socialization and active competition among peers.

Some parents are still considering the possible consequences of taking on the role of teachers, while others are already actively involved in making plans for the next year.

Homeschooling - what is it?

It is no secret that the ten-year school program can be studied much faster with individual approach to the educational process. Understanding this, parents choose homeschooling as real opportunity help children save time and acquire broader and more useful skills modern world knowledge. By mastering standard subjects, the child simultaneously masters additional skills of an alternative orientation, gradually developing into a versatile personality.

Home-based training of a temporary or permanent nature is caused by necessity: medical contraindications for a child to attend school. In this case, the student is officially assigned to the educational institution, and it bears full responsibility for his knowledge and successful certification.

But “family education” is precisely synonymous with homeschooling, providing for the removal of a child from school and placing responsibility for his preparation entirely on the parents. An educational institution can only be one of the parties to the contract in the case of organizing certification - intermediate or final.

Legal standards for training students in full-time and part-time forms

In 2012, the “Law on Education” was issued. Its essence is that children can now receive education in an organized manner: in schools and outside them. Education in schools is divided into full-time, part-time (external education system) and part-time (home-based, home-based). The preparation of students outside an educational institution is defined by the terms “family education” and “self-education”, with an adequate meaning attached to them.

Child by medical indications has the right to individually developed parameters for teaching subjects to him, in accordance with Article 34 of the Federal Law “On Education”.

Home schooling provided by law in the following cases:

• necessity long-term treatment;
• disability;
• surgery and subsequent long-term rehabilitation;
• psychoneurological disorders (epilepsy, neuroses, schizophrenia).

For sick children, both conditions for studying at home and easing requirements for attending school can be created: additional days off, exemption from classes.

The number of hours of workload is determined by special standards depending on the class (usually from 8 to 12 lessons per week).

The law also provides:

• concluding a contract between parents and the educational institution;
• providing the child with the necessary equipment for distance learning;

• rules for accepting a child with disabilities to school;
• change of educational institution;
• standards for certification and issuance of educational documents.

Preparing for individual program, children master subjects in accordance with school plan, and also write tests, independent, creative works, and take intermediate tests.

To transfer their child to home schooling, parents provide the school with an application and a certificate issued by the medical board, on the basis of which the directorate issues an order and draws up a lesson schedule.

Preparing sick children

In accordance with the diagnosis, teachers develop work programs for home education in all subjects.

Training under such a system can take place either personally, through a teacher’s visit to the child, or remotely.

The programs take into account:

• achieving certain goals by the end of the process;
• number of hours on each topic;
• forms of knowledge control.

When developing individual training schemes for sick children, the main attention is paid to the following areas:

• the ability to express one’s own thoughts;
• mastering the terminology of a specific subject;
• memory training;
• stimulating creative thinking.

Plays a big role educational process: development of willpower, communication skills, responsibility, understanding of the significance of the discipline being studied.

Family education: points of law

Homeschooling in Russia is also a form of acquiring knowledge outside of school.

Parents are required to notify local authorities and the management of the educational institution in writing that they assume full responsibility for the further training of their children. To pass intermediate and final certification, a contract with the school for external studies is also concluded. The process of family formation begins with these necessary procedures.

Having overdue academic debts is unacceptable. This may be a precedent for transferring to a full-time school system without the opportunity to choose the method of preparation in the future.

The “Law on Education” regulates the legal norms of family education in the following articles:

• Article 17 - about the types of educational process.
• Article 33 is about the external education system.
• Article 44 is about the rights of parents and children.
• Article 58 is about unsuccessful certification and its consequences.
• Article 63 - about the need to notify self-government bodies.

There is also a letter from the Ministry of Education explaining how to switch to home schooling. Homeschooling in Russia is thus regulated by legislative acts and fully realizes the democratic rights and freedoms of citizens.

Why do parents decide to teach their children on their own?

Preparing children outside of school is a serious step for the family and requires an understanding of the whole range of problems that may accompany the educational process.

Reasons for choosing homeschooling:

• ideological - reluctance to raise a child within the framework common system;
• religious;
• overload of the child in sports, music, art schools, caused by the main hobby and planned future career;
• the child’s psychological unpreparedness to adapt to a large team;
• the desire of parents to protect the child from the harmful influence of school (stress, bad companies);
• the opportunity to study far beyond the borders of civilization - in the wilderness family estates, so popular in Lately;

• the child can move with his parents to their places of work in different parts of the world;
• family dissatisfaction with the quality school education.

The advantages of homeschooling children depend entirely on the reasons for switching to it.

But the disadvantages include the responsibility placed on the family not only for the child’s educational process, but also for his subsequent adaptation in society, a possible lack of communication with peers and a lack of experience in building relationships with a system that exists outside the family world. The cost of the private tutoring services needed can also be a significant factor.

Perhaps the disadvantages are subjective and quite surmountable?

The history of family education, or “We all learned a little...”

Home training in various subjects is a long-standing tradition of Russian society of the pre-Soviet period, which came from Byzantium along with Christianity. Then they studied church books: the Psalter, the Book of Hours, the Gospel.

In the Peter the Great era, the widespread dissemination of academic education initiated the desire for enlightenment in various circles of society. Foreigners were hired as teachers and tutors. A whole series of satirical works ridiculing the principles of provincial education reveals the squalor and narrow-mindedness of the small landed nobility and the “teachers” they hire. Nevertheless, very talented people could act as teachers, like the fabulist Krylov or the poet Zhukovsky (children's mentor of Emperor Alexander II).

In general, home education of children was aimed at instilling manners, giving basic knowledge in mathematics, writing and foreign languages, teaching them to express their thoughts (oral and written), that is, preparing them for the next stage of acquiring knowledge - academic.

Many people received education in the family at one time famous people Russia: Pushkin, Bunin and even those closer to the modern era, for example, the physicist Ginzburg, the founder of astronautics Tsiolkovsky, the designer Korolev, Marshal Rokossovsky, the creator of the hydrogen bomb Sakharov.

During the Soviet period, children could only be taught in schools. This allowed the state to regulate the educational process of the younger generation.

What about abroad?

Perhaps everyone knows the legend about Thomas Edison, whom school teachers recognized as incapable of science, as a result of which his mother trained him, and quite successfully.

History knows other famous foreigners who received homeschooling: Franklin Roosevelt, Louis Armstrong, Charles Dickens, Walt Disney, Agatha Christie, Abraham Lincoln, Pierre Curie, Claude Monet, Charlie Chaplin.

All these wonderful examples only confirm that good home education of children is the key to their successful future.

Unfortunately, despite the fact that homeschooling is a term of Anglo-Saxon origin, most European countries The process of family preparation of children, permitted by law, in fact has many problems. Among them are intrusive control on the part of inspectors, peculiarities of the organization of certification, and deliberate underestimation of scores during testing.

The most democratic approach to the family education system in the United States. To enter a university, a child can submit a form filled out by parents with a list of subjects studied and take tests in the necessary sciences in the general stream. In other words, a state certificate is not needed at all.

How to build a family preparation process

After the child is assigned to a school that will conduct intermediate testing, it is necessary to move on to education. Basic preparatory stages consist of:

• receiving textbooks;
• asking teachers for a list of necessary additional literature on the topics being studied;
• determining possible requirements for examinations;
• creating a home education program;
• creating a class schedule with a list of disciplines to be mastered.

How the process can be built:

1. Reading and retelling a paragraph in a textbook, answering questions.
2. Watch a video on the topic of the lesson.
3. Completing a test or creative assignment based on Internet materials.

There are usually 2-3 classes per day in different subjects. Free time can be devoted to sports, development of creative skills: music, dancing, drawing, in-depth study interesting material, foreign languages, as well as communication with peers and walks in the fresh air.

The advantages are obvious: no need to buy school uniform, donate money for curtains, classroom renovations and gifts for teachers. In home learning conditions, classes are held in the most comfortable conditions, both in terms of time and the choice of a comfortable position, the permissibility of expressing any opinion, with the possibility of snacks and rest.

Mandatory tests are carried out in grades 9 and 11, since they require the issuance of educational documents. Knowledge control for primary school (after 4th grade) can also be carried out. Other exams are optional.

Studying at home is easy!

The information environment offers broad access to opportunities to master not only school subjects, but also serious academic disciplines.

It is also rich in:

• subject libraries;
• video funds;
• on-line courses;
• distance learning resources in educational institutions;
• various formats of wide communication.

Therefore, home training in manicure, hairdressing, knitting, carpentry, and renovation of premises is a common practice for interested people who need practical knowledge.

Unfortunately, for now it is possible to obtain a diploma only from accredited institutions by paying them the cost of training or testing.

The future of family education

The modern world requires greater flexibility from the school system, which has remained virtually unchanged for decades - a standard set of subjects with a constant number of teaching hours.

Meanwhile, in some countries, admission to universities requires passing testing in a limited range of disciplines: native and foreign language, history, mathematics, computer science. It turns out that the rest of the subjects studied at school may be necessary only if the applicant specializes in some subject.

Family education is now striving to bridge the gap between the school system and the demands imposed by rapidly developing technology with a highly specialized focus. These processes are happening all over the world.

Therefore, homeschooling will gain supporters, at least in the intellectual environment, and its volume will increase over time, pushed by globalization processes:

• simplifying travel between countries;
• possibilities of fast communications;
• reduction in cost information resources;
• the spread of the freelance system as the most convenient in a number of economic areas;
• the transition of trade to the main turnover on the Internet;
• development of distance learning;
• restructuring the thinking of modern children from the process of memorization to the ability to find and structure the necessary information;
• higher requirements for the specialization of knowledge in industry and the national economy;
• the growing desire of people for independence from the state and its institutions.

Family education is a promising system for preparing children, providing broad horizons for the development of creative potential, independent thinking, and simultaneous completion of Russian and foreign schools with parallel certification.

The main thing is that it does not resemble the satirical short film “Homeschooling”, where the parents look like crazy people with crazy ideas, and the child is limited in communication with his peers, leading the forced life of a hermit.

Home education for schoolchildren every year it becomes more and more popular. And many parents are no longer afraid of the prospect of taking responsibility for their children’s education.

Who is it suitable for? homeschooling, and what it looks like in practice schoolchildren's home education?

Olga is a psychologist and psychology teacher by education (RIVSH BSU Minsk), a gestalt therapist (Moscow Gestalt Institute), a diploma from the Higher School of Psychology (Moscow) in the program “Coaching and Leadership,” a Master of Business Administration. Teaches in the MBA program.

Good afternoon, Olga! Thank you for agreeing to answer our questions!

What pros and cons do you see in home education?

The most important advantage is the health of the children. Different researchers come to the same conclusion: school worsens children’s health. If we take research from the Ministry of Health, we can say that the older schoolchildren get, the less healthy they are. By the end of school, the number of healthy children drops by 3-4 times. 93% of graduates have various diseases: neuropsychiatric disorders, gastritis, scoliosis, etc.

Children spend time immobile, are in a physiologically harmful position at their desks, in constant tension: fear of answering at the blackboard, conflicts with classmates, noise during breaks, inadequate nutrition at school... Children spend several hours a day in serious stress. Plus, the burden of homework is added to this.

TO high school The difference between children who spend 9 hours on schoolwork and homework and a child who studies at home for 2 hours becomes obvious. The second spends the remaining free time in the fresh air, he gets enough sleep, and can afford to play sports.

If parents are able to pay for the services of a good tutor, it is obvious that educational material will be learned better than in a school class of 25 children.

Homeschooled children They are more independent from evaluation and from other people’s opinions, they are more result-oriented and more independent. Children get used to not being in a herd or in a crowd. They grow up with bright personalities. From my point of view, this is a plus. Although parents with such children have a more difficult time than with an obedient child ( smiling).

The disadvantages of home education affect mainly parents ( smiling).

For mom, homeschooling becomes a second job - in fact, it is the work of the director of a mini-school. We need to find teachers, organize the educational process and logistics (if travel is necessary), and spend a lot of time with the children.

Every year there are more and more children being homeschooled in Russia. Now their number has reached 100,000 people.

What is the difference between family education and distance learning?

Law “On Education in Russian Federation» offers the following forms of education:

- full-time - regular school;

- part-time - part-time - a child can study some subjects at school, and some - take exams;

— correspondence (including distance learning);

- family education and self-education - education not according to the school curriculum, but as parents want.

The difference between correspondence education and family education is that in the first case the child strictly adheres to the school program, and in family education– learns what parents think is more correct.

It turns out that when family form will the child be left without a certificate?

No. The child can take the final exams externally. It’s just that with this form of education there is no strict adherence to the school plan.

When do you need to take exams?

You can take current tests during the school year according to the school plan and be assigned a student to a specific class. In this case, you have the right to receive advice from teachers.

Or you can study according to the family form and, when you need a certificate, you will need to take all subjects at school.

How do you know if homeschooling is right for your child?

This training option is suitable for all children if it is compensated by parents.

Parents must be responsible and have the resources to provide their child with a complete environment, both learning and socially. If you think that someone else will have to organize this without your direct participation, then home schooling is not suitable for your family.

Also, the option of teaching at home may not be suitable for children - social activists who simply need power, social and organizational activities. In this case, school may be almost the only place to realize these ambitions. But there are only a few such children...

How will a homeschooled child learn to interact with peers? How does socialization work?

If we consider that 24 hours a day for three months during summer holidays, another month of autumn, winter and spring holidays, plus Saturdays and Sundays, plus holidays and time outside of school - this is how much time a year a child is away from the school community.

Then you need to take into account that this very socialization at school takes place during school breaks, which last 10 minutes. How long can a child freely communicate with peers at school? Can we be sure that this meager time will ensure the child’s socialization?

The best socialization occurs in companies that do not have adult supervision, so to speak, in an unstructured society. The ideal option is a yard company. Or in associations of interests: circles and sections. There are various health camps and sanatoriums. This is more than enough to learn how to interact with people.

When children of the same age are herded into a school building without any common interests, this is the wrong model for socialization. In real adult life models are different.

People have common goals and interests of different ages. Therefore, I believe that the school model even worsens or reduces socialization. If we take the definition of socialization from Wikipedia, which is the ability to achieve success in adult society, then the likelihood of adult success after the school model decreases.

In many schools, teachers do not monitor the upbringing of children. We can observe bullying from classmates, even crimes by children against each other... And acquiring the habit of pleasing antisocial individuals at school is not at all the correct socialization of a child.

Socialization is making friends with more successful people and doing joint projects with them, the ability to join a team to work together and achieve goals. It turns out that it is activities based on interests that contribute to socialization.

What should parents be prepared for when transferring their child to home schooling?

Firstly, be prepared for criticism, gloomy forecasts and predictions from friends and relatives. There will definitely be public pressure. Our people cannot calmly look at those who do not follow the social order like everyone else ( smiling). And parents need to learn to send all well-wishers to go about their business.

Secondly, parents must be prepared for the financial and time costs. It’s easier for parents of children who go to school - they shift all responsibility to the school, and nothing concerns them.

How much time and money will homeschooling require from parents?

This depends on the ambitions of the parents and the degree of their desire to take direct part in the educational process.

You will need tutors in at least the following subjects: mathematics, physics, chemistry and Russian. Also in specialized subjects for the selected university.

The school curriculum with tutors is mastered ten times faster. And it turns out not so expensive if you hire tutors in the 6th-7th grade.

Additional classes in sections and clubs. Here everything depends on the parents’ capabilities: you can enroll your child in free classes at municipal institutions, or you can pay for the most prestigious and expensive club in the city.

How to choose the right tutor?

For me the important criterion is true love and a good attitude towards children. In addition, the teacher should have his eyes “on fire” about his subject; he himself should be interested! I usually look for teachers by recommendations.

It is also important to find out what the cost of a lesson is for this tutor, and for how long he can give the school program in his subject. As a rule, 100-200 hours of study are enough to get a normal grade, 200-300 hours - for excellent knowledge of the subject.

Does the school somehow participate in the life of a homeschooled child?

School teachers visit only those children who are home-schooled for medical reasons. Usually these are children with disabilities.

If you are assigned to a school, then you are required to be provided with textbooks.

How to properly organize the day of a child who is studying at home?

If with schooling a child spends about 9 hours a day on school lessons and homework, then with home schooling the same amount of knowledge can be obtained in 2-3 hours. Imagine how much time a child has for extra sleep and walks!

In addition, there is no loss of time listening to other people's answers in class, establishing discipline in the classroom, or moving from class to class. The child is engaged in productive activities, spending very little time. For example, my daughter completes her six-month math workbook in a day and a half.

Therefore, there is no need to organize the day in any way. Of course, tutors come at certain times, there is a schedule for attending additional classes, clubs and sports sections. Specifically, there is no point in organizing classes at home according to the clock.

If a child is eager to go to school, of course, let him go. Don't deprive him of this experience. You can transfer your child to home schooling at any time.

If you decide something, then everything will work out!

(c) Interview with Olga Yurkovskaya for the deti-yar.ru project

interviewed by Lyubov Klimova

Debunking myths about the need for school

Why don't I send my children to school?

A strange question... I am rather perplexed why smart, educated city residents, especially those who have reached career heights and material security, break their children by innocently imprisoning them for eleven years in this System.

Yes, of course, in past centuries in the villages the Teacher was much more developed and financially secure, had a higher social position and level of culture than the children’s parents. And now?

Even then, the nobles did not send their children to schools, they organized education at home...

Why does a child need school and why does parents need it?

It is very convenient for working parents to put their child in a storage room under minimal supervision, consoling themselves with the fact that everyone does this. The position of non-working mothers with a wealthy husband looks more strange, who are so stressed by their own children that they even send them to after-school care... It seems that these children were given birth only as a way to provide for themselves financially, and if it were possible to send them to a boarding school without losing in money and public opinion, then almost all of them would do so...

A child almost never needs school. I have not yet met a single child who would want to continue going to school at the end of October instead of the holidays. Yes, of course, the child wants to socialize or play with friends, but not sit in class. That is, if you provide a child with comfortable communication outside of school, attending school completely loses its meaning for the child...

School doesn't teach kids anything

Now let's look at popular social myths that force parents to mindlessly maim their own children.

Myth one: school teaches (gives the child knowledge, education).

Modern urban children go to school already knowing how to read, write and count. No other knowledge acquired at school is used in adult life. The school curriculum consists of a haphazard collection of facts to be learned. Why remember them? Yandex will answer any questions much better. Those children who choose the appropriate specialization will study physics or chemistry again. The rest, after graduating from school, cannot remember what they were taught all these dreary years.

Given the fact that school program has not changed for many decades, and in it the child’s handwriting is much more important than touch typing on a computer keyboard; the school does not give the child any truly useful knowledge and skills for further success in adulthood. Even if we assume that it is precisely this set of facts that a child really needs for memorizing a school subject, it can be given ten times faster.

What do tutors do successfully, teaching a child in a hundred hours what the teacher did not teach in 10 years and a thousand hours...

In general, this is a very strange system, when a thousand hours are stretched over several years... Already at the institute, each subject is taught in larger blocks over six months or a year. And a very strange method of teaching, when children are forced to sit still and listen to something...

The experience of numerous parents of applicants shows that several years of studying a subject - over a thousand hours at school plus homework - do not help the student know the subject sufficiently to enter a good university. In the last two school years, a tutor is hired and re-teaches the child this subject - as a rule, one hundred hours is enough to be among the best in the class.

I believe that a tutor (or computer programs, interesting textbooks with lively text, educational films, specialized clubs and courses) can be taken from the very beginning, in grades 5-6-7, without torturing the child, with this thousand hours of time A in the free time the child can find something he likes, INSTEAD OF SCHOOL.

School interferes with children's socialization.

Myth two: school is needed for the socialization of a child.

Socialization is the process of an individual’s assimilation of patterns of behavior, psychological attitudes, social norms and values, knowledge, skills that allow him function successfully in society. (Wikipedia)

What can be considered success in society? Who do we consider successful people? As a rule, they are accomplished professionals who make good money from their craft. Respected people who do their work very well and receive decent money for it.

In any field. Perhaps entrepreneurs – business owners.

Top managers. Major government officials. Prominent public figures. Popular athletes, artists, writers.

These people are distinguished primarily by ability to achieve your goals. Speed ​​of thinking. Ability to act. Activity. Strength of will. Perseverance. And, as a rule, they put in a lot of effort before achieving results. They know how not to leave things halfway. Excellent communication skills - negotiations, sales, public speaking, effective social relations. The ability to make decisions instantly and act immediately. Stress resistance. Fast, high-quality work with information. The ability to concentrate on one thing, discarding everything else. Observation. Intuition. Sensitivity. Leadership skills. The ability to make choices and take responsibility for them. Sincere passion for your business. And not only with their own work - their interest in life and cognitive activity is often no worse than that of preschoolers. They know how to give up unnecessary things.

They know how to find good teachers(mentors) and quickly learn important things for their development and career.

They think systematically and easily take a meta-position.

Does school teach these qualities?

Rather, on the contrary...

All the years of school, it is obvious that there is no question of any sincere passion - even if a student manages to become interested in a couple of subjects, they cannot be chosen by abandoning the uninteresting. They cannot be studied in depth at school. Most often they are carried away outside of school.

Achieving a result is of no interest to anyone - the bell has rung, and you must quit what you haven’t finished and go to the next lesson. For all 11 years, a child is taught that the result is not necessary and not important. Any business should be abandoned halfway through the call.

Speed ​​of thinking? When targeting average or weak students? When teaching with outdated, ineffective methods? With complete intellectual dependence on the teacher, when only thoughtless repetition of previously stated facts is allowed? A student with a high speed of thinking is simply not interested in lessons. At best, the teacher simply does not interfere with his reading under his desk.

Strength of will? Activity? The system will make every effort to make the child obedient. “Be like everyone else. Keep your head down,” is this the life wisdom that is needed for adult success in society?

Quality work They don’t teach information in school - most average students simply don’t understand the text they read, and they can’t analyze and formulate the main idea.

Responsibility for choice? So students are not given a choice...

Negotiations and public speaking? Development of intuition and sensitivity?

Leadership skills? Ability to act? Not included in the program at all...

The ability to give up the unnecessary needs to be replaced with the opposite ability to endure the unnecessary and useless for years.

Instead of internal reference, children develop emotional dependence on the often biased opinions of others, such as the teacher. This occurs against the backdrop of complete control of the student. A child does not have the right to express his own opinion with impunity.

Unfortunately, one can only dream about all the good teachers in school. More often than not, few urban parents are less educated and socially successful than teachers to prefer a teacher as a role model. With modern teachers, there is a so-called “double negative selection”: first, those who were unable to score points above enter pedagogical universities. prestigious university, and then only the least initiative of the graduates remain to work at the school, the rest find better-paid and more prestigious jobs.

In general, the only society that is similar to school in adult life is prison. But it’s easier for prisoners there than for children: they are of different ages, with different interests, and they are not forced to do uninteresting things. There they understand why they are being punished. They will be released sooner than after 11 years, if they have not received a sentence for murder.

Is the school classroom a model of adult society? This is not true - I personally do not live in a world where all people are the same age... Where they have no common interests... Where I am forced to obey an underpaid loser... Where no matter how passionate I am about a task, after 45 minutes of a call I would have to quit it without achieve the result and run to another room...

Adults have a choice: what to do (and you can always change jobs and bosses), with whom to communicate, what to consider as a result, what interests to have.

In the modern world, the upbringing, education and socialization of a child is the responsibility of parents. When we send our child to school, we simply arrange things so that he does not disturb us. We are improving our lives now at the expense of his future career and happiness.

An alternative to educational traditions

How to harm a child with an assessment

Very often, parents consider the grades their child brings home from school as an important indicator of their parental success. And instead of giving responsibility for their children’s studies, such mothers and fathers make a serious mistake. They try to convince the child that his entire value is determined by the assessments of other people's aunts. What strangers think about him turns out to be more important than what kind of child he is, what inclinations and interests the child has.

When parents convey to their children that the external assessment of strangers is the most important thing in a child’s life, then this is a way to raise a child insecure, without his own opinion and his own choice.

If we scold children for bad grades, and even more often we scold not for bad grades, but for not the highest grades, then in fact we are trying to convince the child that his entire value is determined by other people’s grades, and what strangers think about him , is more important than what kind of child he is. As soon as we begin to make complaints to a child about the fact that he does not have the maximum grade, we immediately begin to do our best to form this dependence on other people’s opinions, contrary to our own.

Why is it good school system for the state and why is it bad for those parents who want something more for their children than working on an assembly line or working as a state employee? Precisely because at ten or eleven years old a child is taught that his opinion about himself is not significant. Only the opinion of strangers, expressed in the form of an assessment, matters.

It doesn't matter what the score is. “Excellent”, “good”, “satisfactory” - any of the assessments shifts the focus of our child’s attention from his, what is called in psychology, “internal reference”, that is, from his reliance on his own knowledge about himself, to his own opinion about himself, on your own opinion about some necessary important and necessary matters, on the contrary, for a child to believe that he does not matter, the only thing that matters is what others think about him.

It turns out that by being too attentive to someone else’s assessment of our child, we are essentially betraying him and making him a loser. As a result, an adult does not have his own opinion; someone else’s assessment is more important to him than his own. Adult fear of negative evaluation is usually formed during the school years - by parents who attach inappropriately great importance to school grades.

Although in reality almost all adults understand perfectly well that at the age of 30 it does not matter whether you got a C in chemistry in the eighth grade does not in any way affect your adult success. Or an excellent grade in physics does not guarantee you love and success in business when you are 40.

So why harm your children?

How do “children without school” and their mother live?

I decided to collect in one note my answers to the numerous questions that I am asked after articles about the disadvantages of school and the alternative option of studying at home.

1. I don't have an answer to the question of whether personalized learning is right for you and your children. I DON'T KNOW. I don't know you.

Homeschooling is not for everyone. A small percentage of the population of any country is capable of taking responsibility for the development of their children. Most parents find it easier to send their child somewhere rather than do it themselves. Particularly because even a parent-manager or teacher finds it much more difficult to motivate his own child than the adults subordinate to him.

And not all parents have enough resources to provide their children with a good educational environment.

2. The experience of countries where homeschooling is the norm statistically confirms the benefits of homeschooling. As a result, home-schooled American children enter the best universities. And in the future they receive many times larger salaries. This is not least because parents invest much more effort into their children at home. Therefore, grown children build more successful careers.

3. It won't be easy right away. In the beginning you will have to go through a lot:

1) Step over your fears: “how I won’t be like everyone else,” “what if I’m depriving my child of something,” “I can’t handle it,” “they will judge me,” “it’s very expensive and takes a lot of time,” and etc.

2) “Fight the battle” with relatives and school administration in order to enroll the child in an individual plan.

3) Constantly listen to moral teachings from relatives and people around you about how wrong you are living. And their dire predictions for your children.

4) Organize the educational process yourself.

5) Pay for tutors and spend much more time with the child.

My experience and the experience of my friends (excellent tutors, teachers “from God”) shows that the child does not perceive his own mother and “does not listen.” You can teach strangers anything. But their own children learn only through joint activities (games, conversations, discussions, activities, etc.). The format of “lessons” with your own children, as a rule, does not work. Teaching your children (not through joint activities, but through lessons) is much more difficult than being a teacher to strangers. The child is used to a different relationship with his mother.

You can, of course, teach your child yourself. But personally, a tutor costs me less (I earn more during this time than if I tutored the children myself). And it’s more efficient in terms of time - she explains faster and gets results than I can. For a day of my work, I pay for a year of work for a tutor with my children. And freed from the need to engage in uninteresting and unnecessary school routine. There are a million more useful and interesting things to do together than teaching school lessons to your child. I prefer to be an authority for a child in the field of my professional knowledge, rather than stand over his soul with dictations or demand that he tell me the rules from the textbook. So it’s better to save your nerves and earn more during this time. Hire a tutor - “someone else’s aunt” will teach you school subjects faster.

And involve your child in your adult affairs. Give him a feasible job within your profession, for example. Send them to different clubs. Download educational games.

A tutor comes to my daughters once a week for 1.5 hours - that’s enough. Children read a lot on their own and it is easy for them to learn.

5. The ability for self-development is killed at school. IN kindergarten Children are endlessly interested in everything and develop very quickly. By leaving your child to study at home, you maintain his cognitive activity.

6. It is also very convenient to motivate a child to complete independent tasks with the “most terrible threat”: “If you don’t complete the test on time, they will be removed from the individual plan. And you will be required to go to school every day.” It works very well... Especially if the rest of the motivation is “managed” by the tutor. For example, my daughters really don’t want to upset her, so they quickly do all the tasks before she arrives.

7. On an individual basis (in Belarus) in primary school, children are required to pass tests or tests in the main subjects: Russian and Belarusian (language and literature), mathematics, the world, English. Then other items will be added. You can do this at least once every quarter. It’s more convenient for me and easier for the children to do this once a week as the class progresses through the program - the teacher gives assignments home, checks the completed ones, calls them to the board in those lessons that my children agreed to attend (and persuades them to go more often - they don’t want to at all, despite continuous praise and 10's). They write some of the tests in class so that the teacher makes sure that they themselves know, and not someone at home decided for them. Basically, they do a weekly program in 1.5 hours with a tutor. This doesn’t concern me in any case, my favorite phrase is: “4 (out of 10) is an excellent rating so as not to be removed from the individual plan. Enough!!!"

To apply for an individual plan, you only need an application from the documents. But in order for the school director and teacher council to allow it (nowadays in Belarus it is at their discretion), you need to communicate with them normally, tell them why your child cannot attend school every day. The easiest way is to register at the school where children are already studying on an individual basis (call and find out at your RONO). They need clear arguments: about the child playing professional sports during lessons, about parents’ endless business trips or generally living outside the country part of the time... Some simple explanation that it’s not school that’s bad, but simply not the opportunity to go every day (but we’ll try to go to the maximum) ;)

Teachers are comfortable with such children - they are in the class, and there is no need to teach it; it is easier to teach when there are fewer children

For absolutely good relations you can invite your own teacher to be a paid tutor once a week (ours refused, she said that she couldn’t take money and tutor when the child was already keeping up :))

8. With the current focus on lagging and average children, even the most excellent teacher does not have the opportunity to work normally with “strong” children. My daughters are very, very bored in class: I decided that I and all my neighbors had nothing to do. But half the class can't cope. I don’t even understand what children are doing in elementary school, if instead of 25 hours mine study for 1.5 hours a week with a tutor - and they have 9 and 10.

The daughters are in the class. Each morning they have the choice to attend all classes. Do not want. At all. They prefer to stop by for a while to take tests and take new ones.

9. Grades are not important to me at all. No way. And most of all, I want to protect children from this school assessment - as I wrote, it harms real achievements in adult life.

It harms both excellent students and poor students. Wrong criteria from the wrong results and by the wrong people...

When a child wins (or loses) in sports, this is the correct assessment - based on the result. But not a school grade.

There is no way to make a real assessment in schooling. It doesn't have everything practical application and measurable results.

If my daughter manages to read half a book while her neighbor at her desk reads one page, then this is not a reason to give her a 10 - there is no result for her. This is an indicator that she has been reading for 6 years, has taken speed reading courses and has read several hundred books. But my neighbor hasn’t even read ten books; she learned to read at school and has been reading for two years using a poor method.

Therefore, assessment in such a situation harms both girls (especially self-esteem) - this is not their results (but the results of their mothers’ different approaches to teaching).

My rating is that a child is busy with something with interest and passion – 10. ;)

And all attempts at assessment are a failure! ;)

For example, a beadwork circle - each girl makes her own products (she chooses what she wants from the samples) - the result is clear, the process is a pleasure. And no grades are needed... I like this kind of activity for children - each at their own pace, some will make one product, some 10, some simple, some super complex... And why else are there grades?

Or an animation club (at the computer).

It’s all free with us - and much more useful and fun than school lessons...

I am categorically against assessments - life will appreciate the result, why traumatize and spoil childhood...

10. School subjects don’t bother me at all - I sincerely don’t understand why it is necessary to teach exactly such a volume of just such disciplines (I would formulate the program completely differently, now we are not in an agricultural or industrial age, but very much in the information age).

Parents still hire tutors before entering a university - I prefer to do this right away (grades 6-7 or whenever), without first torturing the children with a thousand hours of incorrect study of the subject. In just 100-200 hours of interesting individual lessons, the child will know the subject better school teacher;) saving 1000 hours on more fun activities than sitting in class ;)

Studying with tutors can be replaced with free clubs in the relevant field. Or preparatory courses at BSU - it’s inexpensive.

My and my friends’ children go to almost all of my and my friends’ clubs either for FREE or for a nominal fee.

11. My children cannot have any problems with mathematics thanks to chess, handling Belarusian money.

With humanities subjects after speed reading courses (later we will go through advanced levels), the issue is closed up to and including institute

My children read a lot, so they write correctly - there is a direct relationship.

That is, there is simply nothing for daughters to do at school - out-of-school teaching methods allow them to absorb a larger amount of information several tens (or hundreds) times faster.

School is nothing more than a storage room for children. My children can spend a good time at home too

12. A child’s ability to be in society is best developed in “yard companies.” When interaction occurs without boundaries and without adult control. This could be a group of children with a grandmother in the village or at the dacha, in a sanatorium or pioneer camp, after a club or school, at competitions, and so on. The point is that during 10 minutes of recess under the supervision of teachers, the child’s ability to interact with other people does not develop as well as in a freer environment. And we spend at least 5 hours every day doing this... For what?! There is always an alternative: as a child, I made more friends in the company of chess and in the yard. In addition, in sports sections there is almost no risk of being in a situation of “bullying”, as often happens at school.

13. About the teachers.

I have never seen a single argument proving that highly paid, successful people work in modern Belarusian schools. The fact that 30-40 years ago some of you had a “star” staff of teachers in individual schools - has no relation to the current situation. We grew up in a different time, when everyone's salaries were approximately equal. With other teachers - respected people in society. Now everything is different.

With modern teachers, the so-called “double negative selection” occurs: first, those who could not score points at a more prestigious university enter teacher training universities, and then only the least initiative graduates remain to work at the school, the rest find higher-paid and more prestigious jobs.

For me, isolated examples of wonderful people among teachers of past centuries are never an argument for me to send my children to be “scraped” into the modern system of Belarusian school education. I absolutely don’t see the connection between Janusz Korczak and the students of the pedagogical university who did not get the passing grade for admission to a more prestigious institute... And then, according to assignment, they teach poor children what they themselves don’t really know... They creep before the administration, they step on their own beliefs every day, they are guided by their fears, they complain on the sidelines and still obediently fulfill everything that is required of them outside the scope of the contract...

I can't stop seeing that most of the teachers have stopped growing professionally. Many of these women have not had the best personal life - and this is transmitted to the children... And school teachers remain in their jobs not because this is their calling and every hour of work is a joy for them, but rather out of despair: all these “I’ll finish the job” pensions” or “what else can I do”...

I can respect people for their actions and actions. For strength of character, for will. I see no reason to treat with anything other than indifference to whiners who do nothing to improve their lives, who pompously rant, blaming more successful people, but even their envy does not help them start doing something with themselves and their lives.

And I don’t want my children to spend their childhood listening to ideology and other delightful activities...

14. Of course, there are exceptions. Isolated cases. But out of dozens of teachers, how many “exceptions” will teach your child, especially in grades 5-11? And what should the students of the other teachers do? And what should parents answer when their child asks: “Mom, why does the teacher yell at us all the time?” Do you have any other answer other than: “Because I’m unsuitable!”???

15. I proceed from the concept that society pays for the work of each person in accordance with the BENEFIT brought by the person: if we take away from the “good” forcibly inflicted on schoolchildren the harm that teachers cause by imposing discipline, ideology, equalization and other delights of school, then labor Most teachers are assessed quite adequately. Or even half of the teachers may have a negative value, that is, they are overpaid...

16. Each person chooses for himself: where and with whom he works, how much and how he earns, what his life is filled with. Teachers themselves CHOSE to shove unclaimed, unnecessary knowledge into unmotivated people for a shameful salary. The same goes for saleswomen and assembly line workers: these people CHOOSE not to learn and not to grow.

My friends and I earn decent money: but we are all constantly learning, at any age.

I spend more annually on my education than the average annual salary in the country. And your time. Despite three children and work. I read hundreds of professional books every year, listen to audio courses while driving, and watch hundreds of hours of video courses - all of this is available on the Internet for free. They prefer to watch TV. That's why I shouldn't sympathize their small salary and low status!!! What did they THEMSELVES do to improve their lives???

We are colleagues with teachers: TEACHERS. But I don’t have to bear all their burdens and not be a “respected person in society.” Because I don’t hold on to the “rate”, but have registered as an Individual Entrepreneur and I'm responsible myself for their income level.

I do not have such pride as to try to become a TEACHER for children who are forced to be in the same room with me. I prefer to teach people who care and need what I show. For whom what they receive from me will IMPROVE their lives. It will be useful and will be used.

I respect tutors: these people don’t sit and whine about how little they are paid and how badly they are treated... They EARN EARNINGS!!!

17. I was taught and taught now by people who earn more per day than the annual salary of school teachers. Everything that I can and know (that I use in life), I received outside of school. I can't remember a single teacher from all my schools from whom I would receive at least something that I use in my life now.

18. In teaching my children, I prefer to use the findings and methodological materials of business trainers and management consultants - this is closer to me professionally than methodological developments Belarusian teachers... ;)

19. Personally, I have nothing to do with the school education system. Just a mom who chose to homeschool her children. I don't care about government policy. I am not fighting for “world peace.” Everything suits me. As long as they don't interfere. I am sure that if every person takes care of his family and his business/work with maximum dedication, then the life of the entire society will be much better than from endless “talking shops” and demagoguery. I have neither the time nor the desire to participate in political discussions.

20. I don’t consider myself a role model, God forbid - I’m not at all drawn to this narcissism;) I do not and will not have a goal to please EVERYONE. I live my life, raise my children. I wish the same for everyone. I write my thoughts and my experiences with my children. Other parents will have different experiences.

21. I willingly answer questions like “how to do this?” or “how are you doing?” But I am not tolerant of evaluative statements about my inconsistency with other people’s ideals. As a rule, I remove aggressive evaluative judgments addressed to me. And I immediately click “block” those inadequate people who allow themselves such ridiculous behavior.

Why won't modern school change anytime soon?

When I hear how education officials begin to scold, I am always surprised. If we consider the Ministry of Education as a business structure, then they work great - the customer pays money for the desired result, and for years they clearly deliver the paid product in accordance with the “technical specifications”.

Try to forget the demagoguery and rhetorical speeches of officials. Think about what two functions are performed by a school commissioned and paid for by the state? Yes, right. First of all, children should not interfere parents work for the state (if not work as a public sector employee, then at least pay taxes). To do this, children must be safely supervised during the working day. In principle, the school does not care whether the child can real life use the knowledge acquired at your desk. Our schools are responsible only for the physical safety of children.

Secondly, graduates should fill empty jobs. Who is the state missing? What positions are often vacant? Artists? Writers? Actresses? Directors? Singers? Of course not. The school is implementing a national goal: to produce standard socialized robots to work as officials and factory workers. And the Ministry of Education is doing an excellent job with this task.

Basically, the state has a problem with filling the most “non-prestigious” places - it needs workers and state employees. That is, the school is faced with the task of creating “dumb” personnel during the training process for unfilled vacancies with low-paid routine work. And the school copes with this task perfectly.

The way of teaching that we have as a given does not burden children intellectually, but, on the contrary, discourages them from learning and kills cognitive activity. Quality training is only possible through accommodation and own action. All this information noise, called lessons at school, is not learning, but a waste of time and the deliberate “dumbing down” of the child.

Children need real-life activities that are fun and understandable. An experience that can be reproduced with one’s own hands is important for a child. Take, for example, chemistry or physics - the most boring subjects in school. However, in Moscow there is the “Professor Nicolas Show”, which demonstrates physical and chemical experiments at children's parties and birthdays. The children are delighted - they are interested in this clear and visual form of learning.

The essence of our educational culture is simple: the school curriculum, to put it mildly, is outdated, and the skills and knowledge acquired do not at all correspond to what a child really needs in life, and even more so does not correspond to the necessary skills of an adult - in a well-paid job or in business. At the same time, the school curriculum is so easy and primitive that it can be mastered with the help of modern teaching methods. smart child in a much shorter period of time than allotted for it. Therefore, it is easier for more developed children to go through it without entering into confrontation with the existing system, and to obtain the necessary knowledge on their own or with the help of interested adults.

Let's look at exactly how education is organized at school from the point of view of obtaining the result the state needs - training a worker for an assembly line at a factory or training a minor official.

What is assembly line work? These are the same type of routine operations that have no final goal. The worker does them mechanically, without thinking. Creative thinking and free will are prohibited. Similarly, in school it is forbidden to solve problems not according to the scheme, but in a new way. You must do everything as it is written in the textbook. The child must give answers to questions, clearly repeating them after the teacher, without expressing his opinion under pain of a bad grade.

The start of work, breaks, and end of work are strictly regulated - both at the factory and at school. All children should be equally “working” - they study the same disciplines at the same speed. The manifestation of a child’s personal characteristics is prohibited or condemned.

The teaching methodology is designed to “dumb down” children through obedience, to accustom the child to the routine repetition of primitive operations.

School lessons consist of a complete waste of time. They are making noise, they are seated - it is necessary to quiet the whole class, several minutes pass until the teacher calms everyone down. We opened the textbooks - it will take a few minutes until everyone finds the right page. The teacher repeats the same thing from lesson to lesson and asks the children the same thing.

The main forces of teachers are spent on teaching children to automatically obey, to work exactly on cue, to mechanically repeat what they have learned.

Thus, in 11 years, the state manages to create socialized “robots” out of approximately 90% of children, willing to do physical work or routine “mechanical” pseudo-intellectual labor every day for a small salary of a public sector employee. Which is the second function of the school besides the “storage room”.

Our statesmen are not able to foresee the near future. So why should the state change anything in the education system if existing system in their opinion, copes with the assigned tasks perfectly?

What does the future hold for our children?

IN last years the world is changing at tremendous speed. We are bombarded with information, new technologies are constantly being invented, and our lives are almost incomparable to the lives of our ancestors. Society has changed so much that the time-tested recipes “how to live correctly” from our grandmothers and great-grandmothers no longer work.

Their parenting recipes did not work for our mothers, even in raising our generation. Moreover, they cannot work on our children. And if we want our children not to get lost in this world, so that they can act normally, build a career or their own business, create happy families, then we need to do something differently.

Let's go back to nineteen fourteen - a hundred years ago. How did any peasant family live? “The horse slowly climbs up the mountain,” and a six-year-old child is a full-fledged labor unit. Mom doesn’t have to think about his education, his self-realization, or unlocking his personal potential. Everything is fine with them: he is a man at six years old, the second man in the family, he carries brushwood. And he will live like this all his life. And everything is fine with my mother, she doesn’t need to take her to classes or pay for a tutor - life is good.

As soon as we talk about people who in those years wanted to give their children more than a difficult peasant fate, for example, about nobles, then household appliances a cook and a maid replaced the child; they did not even find tutors for the child, but hired foreign tutors with accommodation. And after home education, the children went to an elite lyceum with highly paid teaching staff.

If you take Soviet times, our grandmothers were lucky to have our mothers - everything was clear and understandable. There was a school next to the house. Or the child could strain himself and enter the best gymnasium, then the university. If a child “didn’t have the desire” to go to college, he, oddly enough, after vocational school, earned more at the factory than an engineer with higher education.

And it was clear what and how to teach children. The parents’ task was quite simple: to get them into a better school and help them get into a more prestigious institute, after which the child’s life would automatically settle normally. What to do with children was completely clear in the Soviet Union - the child would finish school, graduate from a university and be a respected member of society.

Unfortunately, now is the end of any Russian university no longer gives any guarantees to anyone. But the Russian school will be of little help to those dreaming of entering Harvard.

And parents who want success and happiness for their children have a problem: the world is changing very quickly. In a maximum of ten years, technology and robots will replace many routine operations associated with physical labor. There are already factories that employ two operators instead of a thousand workers. Two people control the robots, the rest is automated. Robots have been invented to replace the labor of cleaners, drivers, and workers. A number of professions will soon disappear, just as pagers recently disappeared.

All that remains is to reduce the cost of production, and routine low-paid physical labor will be transferred to technology. In 20 years, none of our children will be able to go to work as a janitor, worker or taxi driver, even if they want to. As soon as robots become cheaper as part of mass production, any entrepreneur will choose not to hire a worker, but to buy a robot that works three shifts, does not get sick and does not drink. The cost of purchasing a robot due to savings on salaries, sick leave and vacation pay will be recouped in a couple of years.

People who fail to become intellectually developed and creative will live on welfare, because there will be practically no simple physical work left for them. Technology now is significantly different from what it was 20 years ago. And in another 20 years, our children will have to live in a world where physical labor will be almost completely transferred to technology and robots.

The second type of work that will almost disappear in the expected future is routine intellectual work, gradually being replaced by computer programs. Thanks to IT technologies, where previously a thousand accountants were required, five, but highly qualified ones, will be enough, the rest will be calculated by a computer. Thanks to automation and the introduction of e-government systems, the need for officials will significantly decrease. The number of jobs with routine, non-creative work, previously considered intellectual, will be reduced tenfold due to IT technologies.

It is obvious that our statesmen cannot calculate the change in the structure of the labor market. They are unable to prepare in advance for that new world where there will be robots, where everything will be computer programs, where there will be no demand for low-skilled labor and for the modern level of education of schoolchildren and students in the post-Soviet space. And this trend is visible in Western countries– a huge number of workers have become unemployed, they cannot find another job, they sit on social benefits and die by drinking themselves to death, because there is no meaning in life, no goals. Similarly, university graduates in these countries cannot find a job based on their diploma.

And either our children will receive a different education thanks to us, or we, with the help of school, will spend their childhood on knowledge and skills that were useful in the 19th century, but in 20 years will not even help the child simply find any job and feed himself. Yes, there will be individual brilliant children who will “make their way on their own.” But are you sure that your child will be one of them? Personally, I prefer to give my children the knowledge, skills and abilities that are in demand in the modern world.

(6 ratings, average: 3,00 out of 5)

Homeschooling - what is it? Who has the right to it? Read below.

Every child in Russia has the right to education

The vast majority of children from 7 to 18 years old are currently studying in schools. But some children are homeschooled. There are 2 options here:

1. The child is healthy, and his parents consider home schooling to be the most convenient form of education for their child.
2. The child is sick and cannot attend school due to health reasons.

Family education

In the first case, the question of whether home schooling is advisable for the child is decided by local education authorities. The issue can be resolved positively if the child constantly moves from place to place with his parents, if he is seriously interested in something and constantly goes to competitions or competitions, if he is ahead of his peers in development and masters the school curriculum faster than other children. This type of education is called family education. The child has the opportunity for such education in accordance with the current education law. The new bill also has such a clause.

Bill on education in the Russian Federation

• Chapter 7. General education
  3. General education can be obtained in the form of family education, as well as in organizations that provide educational activities specified in part 4 of this article. Secondary general education can also be obtained in the form of self-education.

The parents in the family will have to teach everything. The child will be assigned to a specific school, where he will be regularly invited to take exams according to the school curriculum. In this case, teachers and tutors are invited to the home at the request of the parents, and all costs associated with this are borne by the parents.

Individual training for sick children

Certificate from the clinic

If a child is ill for a long time, is being treated as an outpatient and cannot attend school due to health reasons, he has the right to home schooling. In this case, the question of the need for home education for the child is decided by the KEC (control and expert commission at the children's clinic at the place of residence and issues the child a certificate about the need for home education.

There are two possible scenarios

1. the child’s attending physician will explain to the parents the need for home schooling and offer to issue a certificate through the KEC
2. Parents realize that their child is not able to study at school on a regular basis, and begin to worry about home schooling for him.

Next, the EEC makes its decision on the need to educate the child at home and issues a certificate to the parents, which indicates the child’s diagnosis and the period of recommended home education. The certificate is certified by three signatures: the attending physician, the head. the clinic and the chief physician, and the round seal of the clinic.

The certificate can be issued for a long period (for a maximum of 1 academic year) and on short term(from 1 month for injuries and after operations).

Statement from parents

Next, parents write an application addressed to the school director with a request to organize individual education for the child at home and attach a certificate from the clinic to the application. The school does not have the right to refuse home education if it is the school closest to your place of residence. If a child studied far from home before illness, parents have the right to transfer him to a nearby school during home schooling.

The school is responsible for further organization of the child’s individual education. Every secondary school has rules for organizing homeschooling. Parents should familiarize themselves with them. Usually, they have the following clause:

The organization of the educational process may have its own characteristics depending on the psychophysical development and capabilities of students. These features may be, firstly, different time frames for mastering educational programs (possibly increasing them compared to a general education school); secondly, the variability of the organization of classes with students (classes can be held in an institution, at home and combined, that is, some classes are held at school, some at home); thirdly, the flexibility of curriculum modeling.

This means that the child does not necessarily have to be educated exclusively at home for the entire period specified in the certificate. This depends on the child’s capabilities (his state of health), as well as on the wishes of the parents and the child. All these issues are discussed together and a plan for the child’s individual education is created.

Home schooling

Pure homeschooling is possible. When teachers will come to the child’s home and teach him at home. This form of education is regulated by letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated November 14, 1988 No. 17-253-6 “On individual education of sick children at home.” This document clearly states how many hours per week teachers are required to study with the child:

• 1 - 4 classes - 8 hours,
• 5 - 8 classes - 10 hours,
• 9th grade - 11 o'clock,
• 10 - 11 classes - 12 hours.

The schedule is drawn up individually and agreed with parents, classes in this volume are held free of charge for the child, he is provided with textbooks on an equal basis with other children (today all schoolchildren are provided with them at the expense of their parents).

Individual training

These hours are not always enough for full-fledged education, and classes beyond this amount are already paid for by parents. Therefore, most parents try to arrange for their child to attend school as soon as it becomes possible for him.

More often, the issue is resolved this way: during periods of remission or relatively good health, the child attends school and studies together with the class or individually with the teacher (but at school). And during periods of exacerbation (deterioration of health), teachers come to his home. Or individually, the child studies only some subjects that are especially difficult for him. This approach is regulated by letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated February 28, 2003 No. 27/2643-6 “Methodological recommendations for organizing the activities of educational institutions of home-based education.” Full text This document can be seen here. In any case, the educational option for the child is selected with the written consent of the parents.

Distance learning for sick children

Currently, a new form of education is being organized for children with disabilities: distance learning.

It is applicable only to disabled children, because they require home schooling for a long time.

Today, children with intact intelligence, no complex developmental disorders and no contraindications to working on a computer are selected for this training program. A form of home education is offered via a computer and the Internet (via Skype), such training is carried out in agreement with parents. During their studies, children are provided with necessary equipment: a computer connected to the Internet on which programs necessary for training are installed. As well as maintenance: ensuring quick repair or replacement of equipment in case of breakdown.

Training takes place through a distance learning center, or through secondary school. Most often, distance learning is combined with other forms of training. (Studying at home, combined, etc.) This form of learning is developing very actively today.

Individual and home training.

It's no secret that quality education plays a very important role these days. People with high level qualifications are in demand always and everywhere, they are needed in professions both in the humanitarian and purely scientific spheres.

School and home education

One of the initial stages of obtaining a systematized knowledge base is school. By completing it, a person receives the minimum of those skills and qualities that he needs in life. For many years, the question did not even arise about whether it was necessary to attend school at all and whether it was compulsory, because this fact was considered immutable and was the responsibility of every child and adolescent. Today, people are increasingly hearing the phrase “homeschooling school.” What is it - myth or reality?

As it turns out, this type of education is becoming increasingly popular in our country. More and more children, together with their parents, are deciding to choose homeschooling.

Reasons for switching to homeschooling

This happens largely due to the divergence of interests between the school and the students: many believe that the school does not provide the really necessary knowledge and useful skills, and prefer to organize their schedule independently. Others are talented child athletes or artists, etc., who cannot attend school every day and spend time on extensive homework because they work hard to achieve their goal. Others are forced to resort to individual training at home due to serious illness or disability. Sometimes situations arise when a child categorically refuses to attend educational institution due to constant conflicts with classmates and teachers, and then family education can serve as a solution. But how to switch to homeschooling at school, what could be the consequences? Homeschooling at school - what it is and how it differs from others, it is better to study these and other questions in advance.

Types and characteristics of homeschooling

There are six types of homeschooling accepted around the world:

• Family learning. It involves organizing the educational process by parents acting as teachers themselves, or inviting teachers. In this case, the student is assigned to the school and has the right to attend it. However, according to the decision of the family, it will be better for him to study. The studies take place on the basis of an official installed program with annual certification. Also, in order to receive a real diploma confirming graduation from school, the child will need to pass an exam.
• Homeschooling with partial school attendance. This option is suitable for children who have certain medical conditions that limit attendance at an educational institution. Children with a number of illnesses are allowed to partially attend classes so as not to lag too far behind their team.
• Homeschooling at school. What is it: for health reasons, some children are indicated for home schooling. In this case, the child studies the general education program of the school in which he is registered with teachers, but options are also acceptable self-study child. Tests and exams are also taken at home. This option is designed specifically for children with disabilities. But it seems possible to obtain permission for this form of education only if there is an appropriate resolution of the medical commission.
• Externship. Ideal for children with a high level of knowledge, for whom the average school curriculum is much easier. The child takes exams immediately (often two or three years in advance) without any intermediate tests or other tests. It can be designed for children of any age.
• Remote method. In the era of high technology, this teaching method is perfect for students who live far from school or who want to gain knowledge from more qualified teachers. This can be either an addition to attending school or a complete replacement for it. Training and communication with teachers takes place remotely. All necessary materials can be obtained from a unique online system. But the child can also communicate directly with teachers (for example, through applications such as Skype), and all tests will be taken online. All details this method agreed with the school administration.
• Unschooling. It is the most radical learning option. It is based on the complete exclusion of school from life. Parents teach their children independently, without being guided by any program. Because of this, it is unknown whether the child will be able to fully develop and live in society further. For the above reasons, this type of individual homeschooling is prohibited in many countries around the world.

Legal reasons for switching to homeschooling

The possibility of switching to home schooling has been confirmed at the legislative level. This question regulated in the Russian Federation" No. 273-FZ dated December 21, 2012, as amended in 2016-2017.

State aid

The federal law states that the state provides assistance to families in which children have switched to home schooling.

You can find out more about state support children who are home-schooled, having studied the explanatory letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation “On the organization of education in a family form.”

Transition to homeschooling

How to switch to homeschooling correctly, without harm to the child? This is one of the first questions parents ask when deciding to homeschool their children. There is a biased attitude towards the topic of homeschooling in Russia. Based on established traditions and methods of education, culture in general and the foundations of society, this is considered not only unacceptable and wrong, but rather unusual. Although now there is an orientation toward the West and forms of teaching “over the hill,” the Russian people are not yet quite ready for this method of obtaining basic knowledge. However, if the decision has been made, and even more so, home schooling is necessary for health reasons, then action must be taken immediately.

Algorithm of actions

Usually everything is the same, with the exception of the option when homeschooling is required for children with disabilities:

• You need to know exactly what type of homeschooling is right for your child.
• If the reason is disability, it is necessary to collect the entire package of documents confirming this ( full list certificates and medical indications can be obtained from the Department of Education).
• Having received a satisfactory response from the commission, write an application addressed to the director of the selected school or to the department of education, referring to the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” No. 273-FZ of December 21, 2012 and attaching all medical documents.
• You need to find a school that has adopted a provision for home education.
• Next, it is necessary to compile work program home education, which is convenient and necessary for a particular child. Teachers will be selected to teach him at home, and his parents will keep track of his progress.
• If the children do not have any health restrictions that prevent them from attending school, then a parental decision and an application addressed to the school director is sufficient. A commission will also be assembled, where, most likely, the child himself will be invited in order to find out his attitude to the above idea. After the meeting, a final answer will be made, and then the student will be assigned to the school, where he will come for mandatory certification

Important points

It is advisable for parents to know some subtleties before arranging their child for home schooling:

• Children enrolled in family education, on the basis of an agreement concluded with the administration of the chosen school, have the right to return to full-time schooling Anytime.
• The family education agreement signed by the school administration may be terminated by it in the event of unsatisfactory results of the passed certification.
• If a child, switching to home schooling, is forced to leave the educational institution he previously attended, his administration may force him to write a statement of expulsion. But this is not legally supported, which means it gives the right not to fulfill the request. After all, sometimes the transition to homeschooling does not give the expected results, and there is a need to return the child to full-time education, and the previous school is the most convenient.

Advantages and disadvantages

• Convenient, flexible study schedule.
• Lack of coercion on the part of teachers and humiliation and violence on the part of students.
• More in-depth study of your favorite subjects.
• A chance to prevent bad influence from peers.
• Reducing the overall risk of deterioration in health (problems with vision, spine, nervous system);
• Possibility of accelerated development of the school curriculum.
• “Not belonging” to the gray, common mass with standardization of knowledge.

• Lack of strict discipline.
• Full parental control, great responsibility.
• Possibility of developing inferiority complexes due to studying alone.
• There is no constant socialization with peers, which makes the child less experienced in life (although this can be argued, given that the child will attend various hobby groups, events, if an entertainment program is organized for him, as well as friendly and family meetings).
• Parents' knowledge is not always enough for a child's full education.

Part 1 clause 2 art. 17 of the Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” lists the grounds for transferring a child to home schooling: family circumstances; medical indications (health problems do not allow the child to study at school).

Switching to homeschooling for family reasons

The law does not specify what kind of “family circumstances” are due to which parents transfer their child to home schooling. This is only the parents' decision. There are a few steps you need to follow to teach your child at home.

Step 1. We notify the regional education authorities (Ministry/Department/Division) that you are transferring your child to family education.

Parents are obliged to do this in accordance with Art. 63 part 5 of the new Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation”.

The application is submitted in writing in two copies. The law allows you to give notice in person or by mail. If you notify in person, the institution will put a stamp and the date of receipt of the document on the second copy.

The application is of a notification nature. You simply inform the relevant authority of your choice. So that the regulatory authorities do not decide that the child is skipping school.

The education authority can only take note of your decision. Officials do not have the right to prohibit, not allow or disapprove of a choice.

Step 2. Go to school. At school, parents write a statement that they are transferring their child to home schooling and ask to expel him from school.

The application is written in free form. Within a week, the school is obliged to hand over the personal file and medical card student.

The school principal does not have the right to refuse to expel a child from school for home education.

If the school refuses to expel you, we demand a written explanation from the director and complain about it to the education authorities.

After a child has been expelled from school, parents draw up an individual education plan. From that moment on, responsibility for the child’s education lies with the parents.

By the way, before (before 2012, when the current law “On Education” was adopted), parents signed an agreement with the school. It prescribed the forms and timing of certification, the deadlines for completing practical and laboratory work. The student was invited to educational, practical and other classes according to the school schedule. Now there is no need to conclude a contract.

Those parents who were dissatisfied with the school's requirements to attend tests or other classes at school breathed a sigh of relief. “Semeynik” acquires the status of “external student” - he goes to school only for intermediate and final certifications. The downside is that those who regularly came to school for free consultations may forget about it. What subjects to study is decided by the school, and how to teach them is decided by parents. The school does not interfere in this process and does not check. Parents themselves determine the teaching methods, the time allotted for each topic, the amount of material that can be given outside the framework of the program, and much more.

You don’t have to buy textbooks - the school should give the “family student” free ones. The child also enjoys other rights of an ordinary schoolchild: he can participate in olympiads and competitions, use the school library, etc.

Until the 9th grade, a parent has the right not to report to the school at all about what and how he teaches the child. The first mandatory exam is the GIA in the 9th grade. The next one is the Unified State Exam in 11th.

Request a list of schools where your child will take these exams (mandatory certification) from the education department. From the list of schools, parents choose the one where the child will take exams - and write an application addressed to the director. Like the notification, the application must be submitted to the school office against a signature on the second copy or sent by mail by a first-class letter with acknowledgment of delivery and a list of the contents.

After this, the school issues an administrative act, which will indicate the person’s admission to educational institution to pass certification. The child undergoes such certification free of charge.

At the request of the child and parent, exams (intermediate certification) can be taken once a year.

Switching to homeschooling for medical reasons

The law allows children to study at home for medical reasons:

- with chronic diseases;

- with a protracted illness;

- who are treated on an outpatient basis for a long time.

Recommendations to switch to home schooling are given by your attending physician. Sometimes parents make this decision on their own. The school will allow the child to study at home during illness if there is a certificate issued through the control and expert commission (KEC). It is issued at the regular clinic to which the child is assigned.

Be sure to check it out! The certificate must contain the signature of the doctor who issued the document; doctor observing the child; head of the children's clinic; chief physician of the children's clinic. The document is affixed with the round seal of the clinic.

After parents have received the certificate in hand, they need to go to school. A free-form application is written to the school principal with a request to transfer the student to home schooling. A certificate is attached to the application.

The maximum period of study at home is one year (academic), the minimum is a month (usually for injuries and operations).

Useful instructions “Transfer your child to home schooling” with sample applications