In the Unified State Examination in social studies 29, the task is considered difficult - writing an essay on a statement, chosen from five proposed.

Essay- This short essay in prose, expressing the author’s personal position on a specific issue.

Algorithm for writing an essay in social studies:

• Acquainted with .
• Read all statements carefully;
• Highlight the main idea in each;
• Think about which idea you can quickly find arguments for;
• Write down the statements on a separate sheet of paper.
• Add at least two empirical examples, but more can be given.
• Monitor the quality of the examples: they must be presented without errors. An example should illustrate the stated point, so do not try to place them at the end of the text.

Sample essay plan

1. Introduction
2. Reflection of the problem in the text:
   • problem statement
   • Why is this problem relevant today?
3. Problem comment
   • what the author writes about
   • as the author writes
   • what conclusion does it lead the reader to?
4. Author's position
5. Student position:
   • agreement/disagreement with the author
   • own position
6. Argumentation (2 arguments)
7. Conclusion - conclusion

Now in more detail about the structure:

1. Quote.

For each topic, try to find quotes. Only they must be justified and accompanied by examples. To be able to refute or agree with the author of the statement.

2. The problem and its relevance.

Cliche:

This problem is relevant in the conditions...

• ...globalization of social relations;
• ...formation of a unified information, educational, economic space;
• ...exacerbation global problems modernity;
• ...the special controversial nature of scientific discoveries and inventions;
• ...development of international integration;
• ...modern market economy;
• ...development and overcoming the global economic crisis;
• ...strict differentiation of society;
• ...an open social structure modern society;
• ...formation of the rule of law;
• ...overcoming the spiritual and moral crisis;
• ...dialogue of cultures;
• ...the need to preserve one's own identity and traditional spiritual values.

Remember! You need to return to the topic periodically so as not to get carried away by off-topic discussions. This is considered an error.

3. The meaning of the statement.

Remember! There is no need to repeat the verbatim statement. State the main idea in your own words. For this use cliche:

• “The meaning of this statement is that...”
• “The author draws our attention to the fact that...”
• “The author is convinced that...”

4. Own point of view.

Determining your position consists of agreeing or disagreeing with the author in whole or in part. Or argue with the author and express your point of view.

Use cliche:

• “I agree with the author that...”
• “One cannot but agree with the author of this statement regarding...”
• “The author was right in asserting that...”
• “In my opinion, the author quite clearly reflected the picture in his statement modern Russia(modern society... the situation that has developed in society... one of the problems of our time)"
• “I beg to differ with the author’s opinion that...”
• “Partly, I share the author’s point of view regarding..., but with... I can’t agree”
• “Have you ever thought about the fact that...?”

5. Theoretical argumentation.

It is necessary to use knowledge of social science: concepts, opinions of scientists, directions of scientific thought.

Remember! There is no need to overload your essay with terminology. You need to be sure that they are understood correctly and used appropriately. Prepare examples in advance.

6. Examples from social practice, history and literature.

Empirical level:

1. Using examples from social practice, history, and literature.
2. Usage own experience from life.

Remember! When using examples from history or personal experience, pay attention to their persuasiveness. Prepare examples in advance.

7. Conclusion.

The conclusion summarizes the reasoning - 1-2 sentences.

Use cliche:

• “Thus, we can conclude...”
• "Letting us down common feature, I would like to note that...”

• Unified State Examination in Social Studies.
• EGE in social studies.

In the Unified State Examination in social studies 29, the task is considered difficult - writing an essay on a statement, chosen from five proposed.

Essay is a short essay in prose expressing the author’s personal position on a specific issue.

Algorithm for writing an essay in social studies:

• Acquainted with .
• Read all statements carefully;
• Highlight the main idea in each;
• Think about which idea you can quickly find arguments for;
• Write down the statements on a separate sheet of paper.
• Add at least two empirical examples, but more can be given.
• Monitor the quality of the examples: they must be presented without errors. An example should illustrate the stated point, so do not try to place them at the end of the text.

Sample essay plan

1. Introduction
2. Reflection of the problem in the text:
   • problem statement
   • Why is this problem relevant today?
3. Problem comment
   • what the author writes about
   • as the author writes
   • what conclusion does it lead the reader to?
4. Author's position
5. Student position:
   • agreement/disagreement with the author
   • own position
6. Argumentation (2 arguments)
7. Conclusion - conclusion

Now in more detail about the structure:

1. Quote.

For each topic, try to find quotes. Only they must be justified and accompanied by examples. To be able to refute or agree with the author of the statement.

2. The problem and its relevance.

Cliche:

This problem is relevant in the conditions...

• ...globalization of social relations;
• ...formation of a unified information, educational, economic space;
• ...exacerbation of global problems of our time;
• ...the special controversial nature of scientific discoveries and inventions;
• ...development of international integration;
• ...modern market economy;
• ...development and overcoming the global economic crisis;
• ...strict differentiation of society;
• ...the open social structure of modern society;
• ...formation of the rule of law;
• ...overcoming the spiritual and moral crisis;
• ...dialogue of cultures;
• ...the need to preserve one's own identity and traditional spiritual values.

Remember! You need to return to the topic periodically so as not to get carried away by off-topic discussions. This is considered an error.

3. The meaning of the statement.

Remember! There is no need to repeat the verbatim statement. State the main idea in your own words. For this use cliche:

• “The meaning of this statement is that...”
• “The author draws our attention to the fact that...”
• “The author is convinced that...”

4. Own point of view.

Determining your position consists of agreeing or disagreeing with the author in whole or in part. Or argue with the author and express your point of view.

Use cliche:

• “I agree with the author that...”
• “One cannot but agree with the author of this statement regarding...”
• “The author was right in asserting that...”
• “In my opinion, the author quite clearly reflected in his statement the picture of modern Russia (modern society... the situation that has developed in society... one of the problems of our time)”
• “I beg to differ with the author’s opinion that...”
• “Partly, I share the author’s point of view regarding..., but with... I can’t agree”
• “Have you ever thought about the fact that...?”

5. Theoretical argumentation.

It is necessary to use knowledge of social science: concepts, opinions of scientists, directions of scientific thought.

Remember! There is no need to overload your essay with terminology. You need to be sure that they are understood correctly and used appropriately. Prepare examples in advance.

6. Examples from social practice, history and literature.

Empirical level:

1. Using examples from social practice, history, and literature.
2. Using your own life experience.

Remember! When using examples from history or personal experience, pay attention to their persuasiveness. Prepare examples in advance.

7. Conclusion.

The conclusion summarizes the reasoning - 1-2 sentences.

Use cliche:

• “Thus, we can conclude...”
• “To summarize, I would like to note that...”

• Unified State Examination in Social Studies.
• EGE in social studies.

Practical Tips for Writing Social Studies Essays

• The most important thing is to regularly practice writing essays, submitting them to the teacher for checking, and paying attention to elaborating his comments.
• Maintain a logical sequence of presentation, do not jump from one example to another.
• Do not write the entire essay as a draft: sketch only the outline and main ideas.
• Give an example for each theoretical postulate.
• Learn to adequately and objectively evaluate both your own and other people’s essays.
• Familiarize yourself with the criteria for assessing essays in social studies and pay attention to each point in the writing process.
• Do not get confused in the concepts and terms of social studies.
• Practice revealing the meaning of a statement using any aphorisms.
• Watch the news, memorize examples from lessons that can be used as evidence of your position.

Criteria for assessing essays on the Unified State Exam in 2018

An essay, as a creative composition, is distinguished from other methods of knowledge control by the ability to diagnose students’ ability to analyze information, correctly interpret it, build reasoning and give arguments in the form of correctly selected facts, formulate their own opinion and defend their position.

Example of an essay on social studies for the Unified State Exam

Thus, to effectively prepare for social studies essays, you should practice writing them as often as possible, following the above tips and adhering to the required structure. This is the only way to “get your teeth into” and go to the exam with confidence.

How to write an essay on social studies and get maximum points for the Unified State Exam updated: September 2, 2019 by: Scientific Articles.Ru

Essay structure

Themes Philosophy Economy Sociology, social Psychology Political science Jurisprudence

2. Problem (topic), its relevance

3.Meaning of the statement

4. Own point of view

5. Argumentation should be carried out at two levels: a) theoretical level b)empirical level

6. Examples

7. Conclusion

How to choose an essay topic?

1. Do I understand the meaning of the statement that I wanted

2. What are the main problems?

social studies related this topic?

3. Do I agree with the above statement?

how to express your attitude towards him?

4. What social science terms do I need?

to properly substantiate your point of view?

5. What examples can you give from history, literature,

social life, your life experience?

The following additional arguments are welcome:

brief information about the author of the statement (for example:I. Kant, founder of German classical philosophy ).

The names of his predecessors, followers or scientific opponents.

Descriptions of different points of view on an issue or different approaches to her decision.

Indications of the polysemy of the concepts and terms used with justification for the meaning in which they are used in the essay.

Indications of alternative solutions to the problem.

It is necessary to select arguments (evidence), i.e. remember the basic terms and theoretical positions.

Argumentation must be carried out at two levels:

Theoretical level- its basis is social science knowledge (concepts, terms, contradictions, opinions of scientists, thinkers)

Empirical level- There are two options here:

Using examples from history, literature and social reality;

Appeal to personal experience

cliche

The meaning of the statement

“The meaning of this statement is that...”

Own point of view

One cannot but agree with the opinion of the author...

I do not share this point of view...

I cannot agree with this statement because...

The depth of thought of the great is amazing...

The non-standard approach to the problem is surprising...

This phrase makes you think...

For me this phrase is the key to understanding...

The choice of this topic was dictated by the following considerations...

This short statement opens up an amazing scope for thought...

Thinking about this phrase, you come to the conclusion that...

Examples

There are several approaches to this problem...

Since time immemorial there has been an opinion...

Let's look at the problem from the other side...

Firstly Secondly Thirdly,…

Let's consider several approaches...

For example,…

Let us illustrate this point with the following example...

It should be noted...

Conclusion

Based on the above...

To sum up my thoughts...

Thus,…

Let's summarize the discussion...

So,…

This is why I cannot agree with the author of the statement...

That's why I agree with the opinion...

To summarize what has been said, it should be noted...

Essay means literary genre small volume and free composition. This written form was introduced into the Unified State Exam as a means of certifying and assessing students. In a prose essay, the examinee should express his own thoughts and impressions on the formulated problem. In order to understand how to write an essay on social studies, you need to properly organize your educational activities and practice this task systematically.

During the preparation process, you should learn to analyze the content of the text; check the style, logic and consistency of the material presented; work with the final version and make important amendments to it. The study takes place in five blocks (man and society; sociology, economics, politics and law), each of which will be reflected in the test material.

How to write an essay on social studies - features of preparation for the Unified State Exam 2018

Every year, the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI) introduces innovations into the demonstration Unified State Exam option in social studies. In 2018, the requirements and assessment system for social science essays (tasks 29) changed slightly.

Let's look at the amendments using specific examples:

1. The form remained the same - a mini-essay.
2. The term “problem” that the author of the statement highlights has been replaced by the word “idea”. There are no fundamental differences in this. We will also talk about considerations that arise when understanding a quote from a thinker.
3. The requirement to highlight several ideas if they are contained in the author’s statement is more clearly formulated. In the 2017 demo, this was described as “if necessary...”.
4. Two examples from a variety of sources are still being evaluated.
5. The claim to a detailed argument and its obvious connection with the idea of ​​the designated quotation is more strictly expressed.

It follows from this that the volume of an essay vying for a high score will be increased (examples will need to be expanded in more detail, several ideas need to be highlighted). The essay begins to gradually move away from the genre of light and transparent composition, when it is not necessary to thoroughly reveal the example, it is enough to voice the idea.

Plus, the criteria for evaluating the material written by the examinee have changed. A provision has appeared on the correctness of the use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions.

For example, if a student writes that the reproductive function of a family is to raise children, that stratification is the movement of an individual into social structure, then he will receive 0 points on this basis, since his theoretical arguments are incorrect.

In all other respects, the 2017 and 2018 KIMs are similar.

Essay structure and content

The mini-essay form provides scope for creative thought, subjectivity and artistic expression.

However, in the practice of assessing task No. 29, a special rigor, accuracy and balance has developed, which follows from the structure and content of the written material.

The final version of an essay for a high score should include the following components:

1. Quote. One of the five proposed statements by the author, on which the examinee chose to express his position. To do this, it is necessary to identify which sections of the social science course the problem considered by the thinker is related to and evaluate one’s own knowledge on it.

   Quotes and statements of thinkers may be used in the work

2. The problem (topic) raised by the thinker, its relevance. It represents the subjective author's position. The student must identify the problem and express a personal written response to the question posed.

   List of topics in philosophy

   Proposed list of topics in economics and sociology

3. The meaning of the author’s statement represents his subjective opinion on the identified problem. The examinee can support the proposed idea in whole or in part, or completely refute it. In any case, this point must be clearly reflected in the prose essay, since a clearly defined evaluation criterion has been established in relation to it. Material written by a student without a correctly understood meaning will be graded 0 points.

   The meaning of the statement is the subjective opinion of the author on the designated topic

4. Own point of view. This is the examinee's personal opinion regarding the issue raised. The expressed judgment must meet the criteria of logic and certainty. It flows through the entire text and cannot have contradictory statements.

   Your own point of view must be logical and definite

5. Theoretical argumentation. Social science knowledge (concepts, terms, contradictions, directions of scientific thought, relationships, as well as the opinions of scientists and thinkers). They must correspond to the topic of the block on which the student is writing an essay.

   Theoretical argumentation must necessarily correspond to the topic of the essay

6. Factual argument. Two options are allowed here: using examples from history, literature and events in society; appeal to empirical experience.

   When making a factual argument, you can use examples from history or refer to empirical experience

7. Conclusion is the logical result of reasoning. It should not coincide verbatim with the judgment given for justification. When written correctly, it should cover the main ideas of the argument in one or two sentences and arrive at the final conclusion that the student adheres to throughout the essay.

   The essay must have a logical conclusion

Thus, to write an essay on social studies with a high score, you should read all the quotes in task No. 29 and determine their problematics. In each statement you will need to find an answer to the question “What did the author want to say?” and choose the most suitable topic.

You can mentally assess your strength by answering the following questions:

• What basic social scientific theoretical principles does the proposed statement correlate with?
• What do I need to know to unlock it?

After this, make sure that you know the fundamental concepts of the block to which the statement belongs and understand its meaning.

Make an expected plan for the written work, but do not forget about the time limit for the exam.

Subject to all the conditions described above and regular training on task No. 29, the examinee is guaranteed to cope with the essay.

How to apply

It must be borne in mind that an essay is a short composition characterized by semantic unity.

Additional advantages for assessing assignment No. 29 by experts will include the following:

• basic information about the author of the statement (for example, “outstanding German economist”, “famous Russian thinker of the Golden Age”, “famous existentialist philosopher”, “founder of the rational trend in philosophy”, etc.);
• indications of alternative ways to solve the stated issue;
• descriptions of various points of view on a problem or different approaches to solving it.

These grounds are not directly noted in the assessment criteria, but they will demonstrate the erudition of the examinee and his deep preparation.

It is also worth remembering that your work will be assessed by an expert. It will be an advantage to write the text on the Unified State Examination form in neat handwriting, systematized and without careless blots..

Cliché phrases

Cliché phrases are understood as standard patterns of word usage, typical patterns of word combinations and syntactic constructions. With the help of these speech formulas, the process of writing an essay in social studies is significantly simplified.

For the first part of a prose essay, when formulating an understanding of the statement, its problem and relevance, the following phrases are perfect:

• “In his saying, the author meant that...”;
• “The thinker tried to convey to us the idea that...”;
• “The meaning of the proposed statement is that...”;
• “The relevance of the problem raised is manifested in the fact that...”;
• “This issue is relevant in the conditions of...”

In the following paragraph, for justification own position Regarding the statement, a number of standard clichés are used:

• “I completely agree with the author of the quote that...”;
• “One cannot disagree with the thinker of the indicated statement...”;
• “The activist was absolutely right in asserting that...”;
• “In my opinion, (the writer, philosopher, economist) very accurately reflected in his statement the picture of modern reality in that...”;
• “I beg to differ with the author’s opinion that...”
• “Partly, I share the thinker’s point of view regarding..., but with... I cannot agree.”

When making theoretical arguments, the following expressions are used:

• “Let us analyze the idea proposed by the author from the point of view of (economic, legal, sociological) theory...”;
• “Let us turn to the theoretical understanding of the statement...”;
• “In (sociological, political, philosophical) science, this statement has its grounds...”;
• “The proposed quotation has a deep social scientific justification...”;
• “To substantiate this statement from a theoretical position...”;
• “In the social studies curriculum (law, political science, etc.) ...”;

Regarding the selection of facts, examples from public life and empirical social experience phrases used:

• “Let’s give justification from public life that confirms my idea...”;
• “Based on personal experience, (according to the stories of my parents, classmates...) circumstances indicate the opposite...”;
• “The position I sympathize with is confirmed by examples from life...”;
• “Let’s turn to similar situations in (history, literature, cinema) ...”;
• “We meet confirmation of the thinker’s quote at every step...”;

In conclusion, the following speech cliches are used:

• “Based on the above, it should be concluded that...”;
• “To summarize, I would like to note that...”;
• “When finishing the work, we can say that...”;
• "Thus …";

Some experts suggest that the overuse of such hackneyed phrases should be avoided. Although when writing an essay, they help formulate thoughts and clearly delimit the text. It will be better if you don't take large quantity cliches in ready-made form, but change them while maintaining the meaning.

Criteria for evaluating social studies essays

In general, you could get 6 primary points for the mini-essay, which are assessed according to the following criteria:

1. Revealing the meaning of the statement. In this case, one or more ideas contained in the author’s statement must be correctly highlighted. For this, the examinee receives 1 primary score. For non-disclosure, you will receive a 0 not only for this criterion, but for the entire essay.
2. Theoretical content of the mini-essay. The maximum score is 2 points if a connected chain of theoretical reasoning and constructions can be traced. Separate provisions that are not connected into a single picture, but related to the topic, are scored only 1 point. Not related to the topic 0 points.
3. Correct use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions. This criterion gives the student 1 point for the absence of errors in theoretical constructs and terms. It is not scored if there are theoretical inaccuracies.
4. The quality of the facts and examples provided. Two examples should be clearly related to the selected provisions and theses, and also expanded. Then the examinee will receive the maximum score for this criterion - 2. With one written example, only 1 point. Complete absence examples - 0 points.

In the Unified State Examination in Social Science, the essay is the most valuable task in point equivalent. This creative composition should be given special attention and practiced frequently.

Reading additional literature on law, philosophy, sociology, economics and political science will greatly help you choose the right argument and most fully reveal the proposed problem. Understanding the assessment criteria will help you to include the required points in your essay and get the maximum score.