May 27th, 2013
The child again puzzled me with a sudden question: “Dad, what inventions did the Russians make?” And as luck would have it, I didn’t immediately remember anything except the radio and electric welding. Well, he also told me about the satellite. And he climbed into the tyrnets. I found a whole list - look under the cut. There was a lot I didn't know about:
Incandescent lamp
The device in its current form is known as the “Edison light bulb.” Meanwhile, Edison only improved it. The first creator of the lamp was a Russian scientist, member of the Russian Technical Society, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin. This happened in 1870. Lodygin was the first to propose using tungsten filaments in lamps and twisting the incandescent filament in the shape of a spiral. Edison patented the incandescent lamp only in 1879.
diving apparatus
In 1871 A.N. Lodygin created a project for an autonomous diving suit using a gas mixture consisting of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen had to be produced from water by electrolysis.
Caterpillar
The first caterpillar propulsion device was proposed in 1837 by staff captain D. Zagryazhsky. Its caterpillar propulsion system was built on two wheels surrounded by an iron chain. And in 1879, the Russian inventor F. Blinov received a patent for the “caterpillar track” he created for a tractor. He called it “a locomotive for dirt roads.”
Electric welding
The method of electric welding of metals was invented and first used in 1882 by the Russian inventor Nikolai Nikolaevich Benardos (1842 -1905). He called the “stitching” of metal with an electric seam “electrohephaestus.”
Airplane
In 1881 A.F. Mozhaisky received Russia's first patent ("privilege") for an aircraft (airplane), and in 1883 he completed the assembly of the first full-scale aircraft. Since the time of the Mozhaisky aircraft project, not a single designer of mankind has proposed a fundamentally different aircraft design.
Radio
On May 7, 1895, Alexander Stepanovich Popov for the first time publicly demonstrated the reception and transmission of radio signals at a distance. In 1896 A.S. Popov transmitted the world's first radio telegram. In 1897 A.S. Popov established the possibility of radar using a wireless telegraph. And in Europe and America it is believed that radio was invented by the Italian Guglielmo Marconi in the same 1895.
A television
Boris Lvovich Rosing On July 25, 1907, he filed an application for the invention of a “Method for electrically transmitting images over distances.” A real breakthrough in image clarity of electronic television was the “iconoscope”, invented in 1923 by Vladimir Zvorykin, a scientist and emigrant from Russia. For the first time in history, a moving image was transmitted over a distance in 1928 by inventors Boris Grabovsky and I.F. Belyansky. The first devices were called not TV, but telephoto.
Parachute
The first design of a backpack parachute was proposed in 1911 by the Russian military man G.E. Kotelnikov. Its dome was made of silk, the slings were divided into 2 groups. The canopy and lines were placed in the backpack. Later, in 1923, Kotelnikov proposed an envelope backpack for stowing a parachute.
Video recorder
The world's first video recorder was developed by Russian scientist, emigrant from Russia Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov and sold by Ampex on April 14, 1956.
Artificial Earth satellite
The world's first artificial satellite is considered the beginning of the space age of mankind. Launched in the USSR on October 4, 1957 (Sputnik 1). The creation of an artificial Earth satellite, led by the founder of practical astronautics S.P. Korolev, scientists M.V. Keldysh, M.K. Tikhonravov, N.S. Lidorenko, V.I. Lapko, B.S. Chekunov, A.V. Bukhtiyarov and many others.
Nuclear power plant
The world's first pilot nuclear power plant was launched in the USSR on June 27, 1954 in Obninsk. Before this, the energy of the atomic nucleus was used primarily for military purposes. The concept of “atomic energy” appeared.
Nuclear icebreaker
All nuclear icebreakers existing in the world were designed, built and launched in the USSR and Russia.
Tetris
The most famous computer game, invented by Alexey Pajitnov in 1985.
Laser
The first laser, it was called a maser, was made in 1953 - 1954. N.G. Basov and A.M. Prokhorov. In 1964, Basov and Prokhorov received the Nobel Prize in Physics.
Computer
The world's first personal computer was not invented by the American company Apple Computers in 1975, but in the USSR in 1968 Soviet designer from Omsk Arseny Anatolyevich Gorokhov. Copyright certificate No. 383005.
Electric motor
Jacobi Boris Semenovich invented the electric motor in 1834.
Electric car
A passenger two-seater electric car was developed in 1899 by Ippolit Vladimirovich Romanov. The electric car varied its speed from 1.6 km/h to a maximum of 37.4 km/h. Romanov also implemented a project to create a 24-seater omnibus.
Spaceship
Mikhail Klavdievich Tikhonravov, who worked at OKB-1, began work on creating a manned spacecraft in the spring of 1957. By April 1960, a preliminary design of the Vostok-1 satellite ship was developed. On April 12, 1961, on the Vostok spacecraft, USSR pilot-cosmonaut Yuri Alekseevich Gagarin made the world's first flight into outer space.
S.P. Korolev (the world's first ballistic missile, spaceship, the first satellite of the Earth)
A.M.Prokhorov and N.G. Basov (the world's first quantum generator - maser)
CM. Prokudin-Gorsky (the world's first color photograph)
A. A. Alekseev (creator of the needle screen)
F. Pirotsky (the world's first electric tram)
V.A. Starevich (3D animated film)
O.V. Losev (the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device)
V.P. Mutilin (the world's first construction combine)
A. R. Vlasenko (the world's first grain harvesting machine)
V.P. Demikhov (the first in the world to perform a lung transplant, and the first to create a model of an artificial heart)
A.D. Sakharov (the world's first hydrogen bomb)
A.P. Vinogradov (created a new direction in science - geochemistry of isotopes)
I.I. Polzunov (the world's first thermal engine)
G. E. Kotelnikov (the first backpack rescue parachute)
M. O. Dolivo - Dobrovolsky (invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer)
V. P. Vologdin (the world's first high-voltage mercury rectifier with a liquid cathode, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry)
S.O. Kostovich (created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879)
V.P. Glushko (the world's first electric/thermal rocket engine)
I. F. Aleksandrovsky (invented the stereo camera)
D.P. GRIGOROVICH (CREATOR OF SEAPLANT)
V.G. Fedorov (the world's first machine gun)
A.K. Nartov (built the world's first lathe with a movable support)
M.V. Lomonosov (for the first time in science he formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus)
I.P. Kulibin (Mechanic, developed the design of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge)
V.V. Petrov (Physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; discovered the electric arc)
P.I. Prokopovich (for the first time in the world he invented a frame hive, in which he used a magazine with frames)
N.I. Lobachevsky (Mathematician, creator of “non-Euclidean geometry”)
D.A.Zagryazhsky (invented the caterpillar track)
B.O. Jacobi (invented electroplating and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft)
P.P. Anosov (Metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel)
D.I.Zhuravsky (first developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used throughout the world)
N.I. Pirogov (for the first time in the world he compiled the atlas “Topographic Anatomy”, which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, plaster and much more)
I.R. Hermann (for the first time in the world compiled a summary of uranium minerals)
A.M.Butlerov (first formulated the basic principles of the theory of the structure of organic compounds)
I.M. Sechenov (creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work “Reflexes of the Brain”)
D.I.Mendeleev (discovered the periodic law chemical elements, creator of the table of the same name)
M.A. Novinsky (Veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology)
G.G. Ignatiev (for the first time in the world he developed a system of simultaneous telephone and telegraphy over one cable)
K.S. Dzhevetsky (built the world's first submarine with an electric motor)
N.I. Kibalchich (for the first time in the world he developed a design for a rocket aircraft)
V.V. Dokuchaev (laid the foundations of genetic soil science)
V.I. Sreznevsky (Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera)
A.G. Stoletov (Physicist, for the first time in the world he created a photocell based on the external photoelectric effect)
P.D. Kuzminsky (built the world's first radial gas turbine)
I.V. Boldyrev (The first flexible photosensitive non-flammable film, formed the basis for the creation of cinematography)
I.A. Timchenko (developed the world's first movie camera)
S.M. Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F. Freidenberg (created the world's first automatic telephone exchange)
N.D. Pilchikov (Physicist, for the first time in the world he created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system)
V.A. Gassiev (Engineer, built the world's first phototypesetting machine)
K.E. Tsiolkovsky (founder of cosmonautics)
P.N. Lebedev (physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solids)
I.P. Pavlov (creator of the science of higher nervous activity)
V.I. Vernadsky (naturalist, founder of many scientific schools)
A.N. Scriabin (Composer, for the first time in the world, used lighting effects in the symphonic poem “Prometheus”)
N.E. Zhukovsky (creator of aerodynamics)
S.V.Lebedev (first produced artificial rubber)
G.A. Tikhov (Astronomer, for the first time in the world, established that the Earth, when observed from space, should have a blue color. Later, as we know, this was confirmed when filming our planet from space)
N.D. Zelinsky (developed the world's first highly effective coal gas mask)
N.P. Dubinin (geneticist, discovered the divisibility of the gene)
M.A. Kapelyushnikov (invented the turbodrill)
E.K. Zavoisky (discovered electric paramagnetic resonance)
N.I. Lunin (proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings)
N.P. Wagner (discovered insect pedogenesis)
Svyatoslav N. Fedorov - (the first in the world to perform surgery to treat glaucoma)
The world's first musical synthesizer was invented by a colonel Soviet army Evgeny Murzin. This was back in 1958, even before the appearance of foreign "Sinti-100", "Supermoogs" and long before the invention of all kinds of "Yamahas"
The history of the discovery of penicillin is well known. The first modern scientist to draw attention to the amazing properties of mold was Ernst Duchesne in 1897. He carried out the necessary research and reported encouraging results to the Pasteur Institute in Paris. But venerable scientists simply brushed aside the “fantasies” of the young physician. The second, more successful, discoverer of the revolutionary drug was the American Alexander Fleming in 1929.
For quite a long time, the antibiotic remained an experimental drug, only in 1939 penicillin began to be produced in industrial quantities. And it was very useful to the Allies in the Second World War. By the way, the British explained the delay in opening a second front by saying that before the start of active fighting they needed to produce a sufficient amount of antibiotics.
Commendable care for their wounded soldiers, to say the least. But the sad thing is that Soviet doctors never received a recipe for a miracle cure from the Americans. Although they really asked for it. Penicillin was needed by frontline medicine like air. And Soviet scientists invented the drug again.
In 1943, Zinaida Ermolyeva received penicillin using her own technology. Interestingly, the drug turned out to be stronger than its overseas counterpart. American scientists were invited to get acquainted with the new discovery. They were convinced of the benefits of Ermolyeva’s drug and asked for a sample for careful study in their laboratories. Permission came from the very top, the sample went to America.
But colleagues from the United States, studying the Russian drug, were perplexed. It was no different from the American one. Only years later it became known that intelligence officers had replaced the samples and sent overseas the penicillin that the Americans themselves had brought for comparison. Apparently this was a small but pleasant revenge for previous delays.
When they tell you that Russia is the birthplace of bast shoes and balalaikas, grin in this person’s face and list at least 10 points from this list. I think it's a shame not to know such things.
And this is just a small part:
1. P.N. Yablochkov and A.N. Lodygin - the world's first electric light bulb
2. A.S. Popov - radio
3. V.K. Zvorykin (the world's first electron microscope, television and television broadcasting)
4. A.F. Mozhaisky - inventor of the world's first airplane
5. I.I. Sikorsky - a great aircraft designer, created the world's first helicopter, the world's first bomber
6. A.M. Ponyatov - the world's first video recorder
7. S.P. Korolev - the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft, first Earth satellite
8. A.M.Prokhorov and N.G. Basov - the world's first quantum generator - maser
9. S. V. Kovalevskaya (the world’s first woman professor)
10. S.M. Prokudin-Gorsky - the world's first color photograph
11. A.A. Alekseev - creator of the needle screen
12. F.A. Pirotsky - the world's first electric tram
13. F.A. Blinov - the world's first crawler tractor
14. V.A. Starevich - three-dimensional animated film
15. E.M. Artamonov - invented the world's first bicycle with pedals, steering wheel, turning wheel
16. O.V. Losev - the world's first amplifying and generating semiconductor device
17. V.P. Mutilin - the world's first mounted construction combine
18. A. R. Vlasenko - the world's first grain harvesting machine
19. V.P. Demikhov was the first in the world to perform a lung transplant and the first to create a model of an artificial heart
20. A.P. Vinogradov - created a new direction in science - geochemistry of isotopes
21. I.I. Polzunov - the world's first heat engine
22. G. E. Kotelnikov - the first backpack rescue parachute
23. I.V. Kurchatov - the world's first nuclear power plant (Obninsk); also, under his leadership, the world's first hydrogen bomb with a power of 400 kt was developed, detonated on August 12, 1953. It was the Kurchatov team that developed thermonuclear bomb RDS-202 (Tsar Bomba) with a record power of 52,000 kt.
24. M. O. Dolivo-Dobrovolsky - invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer, which put an end to the dispute between supporters of direct (Edison) and alternating current
25. V. P. Vologdin - the world's first high-voltage mercury rectifier with a liquid cathode, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry
26. S.O. Kostovich - created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879
27. V.P. Glushko - the world's first electric/thermal rocket engine
28. V. V. Petrov - discovered the phenomenon of arc discharge
29. N. G. Slavyanov - electric arc welding
30. I. F. Aleksandrovsky - invented the stereo camera
31. D.P. Grigorovich - creator of the seaplane
32. V.G. Fedorov - the world's first machine gun
33. A.K. Nartov - built the world's first lathe with a movable support
34. M.V. Lomonosov - for the first time in science formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion, for the first time in the world began to teach a course in physical chemistry, for the first time discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus
35. I.P. Kulibin - mechanic, developed the design of the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge, inventor of the searchlight
36. V.V. Petrov - physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened an electric arc
37. P.I. Prokopovich - for the first time in the world, he invented a frame hive, in which he used a magazine with frames
38. N.I. Lobachevsky - Mathematician, creator of “non-Euclidean geometry”
39. D.A. Zagryazhsky - invented the caterpillar track
40. B.O. Jacobi - invented electroplating and the world's first electric motor with direct rotation of the working shaft
41. P.P. Anosov - metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel
42. D.I.Zhuravsky - first developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used throughout the world
43. N.I. Pirogov - for the first time in the world, compiled the atlas “Topographic Anatomy”, which has no analogues, invented anesthesia, plaster and much more
44. I.R. Hermann - for the first time in the world compiled a summary of uranium minerals
45. A.M. Butlerov - first formulated the basic principles of the theory of the structure of organic compounds
46. I.M. Sechenov - the creator of evolutionary and other schools of physiology, published his main work “Reflexes of the Brain”
47. D.I. Mendeleev - discovered the periodic law of chemical elements, creator of the table of the same name
48. M.A. Novinsky - veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology
49. G.G. Ignatiev - for the first time in the world, developed a system of simultaneous telephone and telegraphy over one cable
50. K.S. Dzhevetsky - built the world's first submarine with an electric motor
51. N.I. Kibalchich - for the first time in the world, he developed a design for a rocket aircraft
52. N.N.Benardos - invented electric welding
53. V.V. Dokuchaev - laid the foundations of genetic soil science
54. V.I. Sreznevsky - Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera
55. A.G. Stoletov - physicist, for the first time in the world he created a photocell based on the external photoelectric effect
56. P.D. Kuzminsky - built the world's first radial gas turbine
57. I.V. Boldyrev - the first flexible photosensitive non-flammable film, formed the basis for the creation of cinematography
58. I.A. Timchenko - developed the world's first movie camera
59. S.M. Apostolov-Berdichevsky and M.F. Freidenberg - created the world's first automatic telephone exchange
60. N.D. Pilchikov - physicist, for the first time in the world he created and successfully demonstrated a wireless control system
61. V.A. Gassiev - engineer, built the world's first phototypesetting machine
62. K.E. Tsiolkovsky - founder of astronautics
63. P.N. Lebedev - physicist, for the first time in science experimentally proved the existence of light pressure on solids
64. I.P. Pavlov - creator of the science of higher nervous activity
65. V.I. Vernadsky - naturalist, creator of many scientific schools
66. A.N. Scriabin - composer, was the first in the world to use lighting effects in the symphonic poem “Prometheus”
67. N.E. Zhukovsky - creator of aerodynamics
68. S.V. Lebedev - first obtained artificial rubber
69. G.A. Tikhov - astronomer, for the first time in the world, established that the Earth, when observed from space, should have a blue color. Later, as we know, this was confirmed when filming our planet from space.
70. N.D. Zelinsky - developed the world's first highly effective coal gas mask
71. N.P. Dubinin - geneticist, discovered the divisibility of the gene
72. M.A. Kapelyushnikov - invented the turbodrill in 1922
73. E.K. Zawoisky discovered electrical paramagnetic resonance
74. N.I. Lunin - proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings
75. N.P. Wagner - discovered the pedogenesis of insects
76. Svyatoslav Fedorov - the first in the world to perform surgery to treat glaucoma
77. S.S. Yudin - first used blood transfusions of suddenly deceased people in the clinic
78. A.V. Shubnikov - predicted the existence and first created piezoelectric textures
79. L.V. Shubnikov - Shubnikov-de Haas effect (magnetic properties of superconductors)
80. N.A. Izgaryshev - discovered the phenomenon of passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes
81. P.P. Lazarev - creator of the ion excitation theory
82. P.A. Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radiosonde
83. N.A. Umov - physicist, equation of energy motion, concept of energy flow; By the way, he was the first to explain, practically and without ether, the misconceptions of the theory of relativity
84. E.S. Fedorov - founder of crystallography
85. G.S. Petrov - chemist, world's first synthetic detergent
86. V.F. Petrushevsky - scientist and general, invented a range finder for artillerymen
87. I.I. Orlov - invented a method for making woven credit cards and a method of single-pass multiple printing (Orlov printing)
88. Mikhail Ostrogradsky - mathematician, O. formula (multiple integral)
89. P.L. Chebyshev - mathematician, Ch. polynomials (orthogonal system of functions), parallelogram
90. P.A. Cherenkov - physicist, Ch. radiation (new optical effect), Ch. counter (nuclear radiation detector in nuclear physics)
91. D.K. Chernov - points Ch. ( critical points phase transformations of steel)
92. V.I. Kalashnikov is not the same Kalashnikov, but another who was the first in the world to equip river ships with a steam engine with multiple steam expansion
93. A.V. Kirsanov - organic chemist, reaction K. (phosphoreaction)
94. A.M. Lyapunov - mathematician, created the theory of stability, balance and motion mechanical systems with a finite number of parameters, as well as L.’s theorem (one of the limit theorems of probability theory)
95. Dmitry Konovalov - chemist, Konovalov’s laws (elasticity of parasolutions)
96. S.N. Reformatsky - organic chemist, Reformatsky reaction
97. V.A. Semennikov - metallurgist, the first in the world to carry out bessemerization of copper matte and obtain blister copper
98. I.R. Prigogine - physicist, P.'s theorem (thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes)
99. M.M. Protodyakonov is a scientist who developed a scale of rock strength generally accepted in the world
100. M.F. Shostakovsky - organic chemist, balsam Sh. (vinyline)
101. M.S. Color - Color method (chromatography of plant pigments)
102. A.N. Tupolev - designed the world's first jet passenger aircraft and the first supersonic passenger aircraft
103. A.S. Famintsyn - plant physiologist, first developed a method for carrying out photosynthetic processes under artificial light
104. B.S. Stechkin - created two great theories - thermal calculation of aircraft engines and air-breathing engines
105. A.I. Leypunsky - physicist, discovered the phenomenon of energy transfer by excited atoms and molecules to free electrons during collisions
106. D.D. Maksutov - optician, telescope M. (meniscus system of optical instruments)
107. N.A. Menshutkin - chemist, discovered the effect of a solvent on the rate of a chemical reaction
108. I.I. Mechnikov - the founders of evolutionary embryology
109. S.N. Winogradsky - discovered chemosynthesis
110. V.S. Pyatov - metallurgist, invented a method for producing armor plates using the rolling method
111. A.I. Bakhmutsky - invented the world's first coal miner (for coal mining)
112. A.N. Belozersky - discovered DNA in higher plants
113. S.S. Bryukhonenko - physiologist, created the first artificial blood circulation apparatus in the world (autojector)
114. G.P. Georgiev - biochemist, discovered RNA in the nuclei of animal cells
115. E. A. Murzin - invented the world's first optical-electronic synthesizer "ANS"
116. P.M. Golubitsky - Russian inventor in the field of telephony
117. V. F. Mitkevich - for the first time in the world, he proposed the use of a three-phase arc for welding metals
118. L.N. Gobyato - Colonel, the world's first mortar was invented in Russia in 1904
119. V.G. Shukhov is an inventor, the first in the world to use steel mesh shells for the construction of buildings and towers
120. I.F. Kruzenshtern and Yu.F. Lisyansky - committed the first Russian trip around the world, studied the islands of the Pacific Ocean, described the life of Kamchatka and about. Sakhalin
121. F.F. Bellingshausen and M.P. Lazarev - discovered Antarctica
122. The world's first icebreaker modern type— steamship of the Russian fleet “Pilot” (1864), the first Arctic icebreaker — “Ermak”, built in 1899 under the leadership of S.O. Makarova.
Just 200 years ago, the world lived without electricity, good transport, without television, mobile phones, the Internet and without many other things that we cannot do without today. Unfortunately many modern technologies were not invented by Russian inventors and scientists. But in fact, our country has something to brag about. Here are the most significant Russian inventions created by our compatriots.
Carbon filter mask
Who invented: N. D. Zelinsky
N. D. Zelinsky invented protective mask from exposure to poisonous gases used by the enemy during the First World War. The mask was based on absorbent carbon, which successfully neutralized most of the poisonous gases used in those years.
Backpack parachute
Who invented: Kotelnikov G.E.
The world's first backpack parachute, which in principle is still used to this day, was invented by the self-taught Russian inventor Gleb Kotelnikov. The first parachute test took place in 1912.
According to legend, Gleb saw a woman in the theater with a piece of cloth folded on her back, who then, through simple manipulations, turned the folded cloth into large scarf. This is exactly what was possible and enlightened the inventor, who came up with a new way of folding a parachute.
Mortar
Who invented: Gobyato L.N.
Gobyato Leonid Nikolaevich during Russo-Japanese War in 1904-1905 he invented the mortar, which was a classic cannon on wheels that used mortar shells to fire. A new device (mortar) made it possible to launch mines along a ballistic trajectory. This made it possible to fire from a cannon at enemy trenches and mines at a certain angle and from a high trajectory of the projectile.
Torpedo
Who invented: Alexandrovsky I.F.
Ivan Fedorovich Aleksandrovsky is the author of the first Russian mobile mine (torpedo), as well as the creator in 1865 of the first Russian submarine.
The first Russian assault rifle
Who invented: Fedorov V.G.
Vladimir Grigorievich Fedorov is the author of the first Russian automatic rifle, which can safely be called an “automatic”, since the rifle could fire bursts.
The machine was created before the outbreak of the First World War. Beginning in 1916, the Fedorov rifle began to be used in combat.
Radio
Who invented: Popov A.S.
Who invented the radio receiver? The debate has been going on for a long time. And it is quite possible that its author is our Russian scientist, Russian physicist and electrical engineer Alexander Stepanochiv Popov.
Popov showed his first radio receiver in 1895 at a meeting of the Physico-Chemical Committee in St. Petersburg.
Unfortunately, the scientist did not patent it. Eventually Nobel Prize for the invention of radio was given to G. Marconi.
Inventor of television and electrically based television broadcasting
Who invented: Zvorykin V.K.
Zvorykin Vladimir Kozmich developed the iconoscope, kinescope and color television. However, he made most of his inventions in the United States, where he immigrated from Russia in 1919.
Video recorder
Who invented: Ponyatov A.M.
Like Zvorykin, Alexander Matveevich Ponyatov in the years civil war in Russia, he immigrated to the United States, where he founded the Ampex company, which in 1956 introduced the world's first commercial video recorder. One of the authors of the invention is A.M. Ponyatov.
The world's first movie camera
Who invented: Timchenko I.A.
It is officially believed that cinema was born in 1895, when brothers Louis and Auguste Lumières announced the invention of the movie camera and received a patent for it. At the end of 1895, the brothers also organized the world's first paid film show in Paris.
But in fact, the first movie camera was invented by our Russian scientist Joseph Timchenko, who, even before 1895, had already demonstrated the first movie camera to the public.
The world's first film show took place in 1893 in Odessa, where the author of the invention showed the public footage of cavalrymen on a white sheet of paper.
Plaster casts
Who invented: Pirogov N.I.
During Caucasian War in 1847 Nikolai Ivanovich Pirogov invented the world's first plaster casts. He used dressings soaked in starch, which proved very effective.
Compression-distraction device
Who invented: Ilizarov G.A.
Ilizarov Gabriel Abramovich created a compression-distraction device that can be used in orthopedics, traumatology, surgery, for curvature of bones, fractures and other defects of the limbs.
The world's first machine for the treatment of cardiopulmonary diseases
Who invented: Bryukhonenko S.S.
Russian Soviet physiologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, created the world's first artificial blood circulation apparatus and proved that a person can recover from clinical death. Also, Sergei Sergeevich Bryukhonenko proved to the whole world that open heart surgery is not science fiction. In addition, the invention of the Russian scientist made it possible to transplant organs, including the possibility of heart transplantation.
Founder of Transplantology
Who invented: Demikhov V.P.
Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov invented the technology of human organ transplantation, becoming the founder of high-tech medicine in the field of transplantology. By the way, Vladimir Demikhov became the first in the world to transplant lungs and create a model of an artificial heart.
Thanks to his numerous experiments on dogs and his knowledge as a scientist, his technology for human organ transplants has saved thousands of lives.
Glaucoma treatment technology
Who invented: Fedorov S.N.
Svyatoslav Nikolaevich Fedorov made a huge contribution to the development of radial keratotomy. In 1973, he was the only one in the world to perform eye surgery on patients with early stages of glaucoma. A year later, the doctor began to use his own technology for treating myopia, using certain cuts on the cornea. Fedorov invented the entire technology of eye surgery himself.
Today, thousands of operations are performed all over the world using Fedorov’s method.
Electric lamp
Who invented: Lodygin A.N.
Russian engineer Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin invented the first electric light bulb, which was a vacuum flask with an internal core.
Arc lamp
Who invented: Yablochkov P.N.
The great inventor Pavel Nikolaevich Yablochkov invented arc lamps. These disposable lamps were even used in Europe to light streets.
In 1908-1911 he built his first two simple helicopters. The carrying capacity of the apparatus, built in September 1909, reached 9 pounds. None of the helicopters built could take off with a pilot, and Sikorsky switched to building airplanes.
Sikorsky's airplanes won top prizes at a military aircraft competition
In 1912-1914, he created the Grand (Russian Knight) and Ilya Muromets aircraft in St. Petersburg, which laid the foundation for multi-engine aviation. On March 27, 1912, on the S-6 biplane, Sikorsky managed to set world speed records: with two passengers on board - 111 km/h, with five - 106 km/h. In March 1919, Sikorsky emigrated to the United States and settled in the New York area.
The first experimental helicopter, the Vought-Sikorsky 300, created by Sikorsky in the USA, took off from the ground on September 14, 1939. Essentially, it was a modernized version of his first Russian helicopter, created back in July 1909.
His helicopters were the first to fly across the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans(with in-flight refueling). Sikorsky machines were used for both military and civilian purposes.
He is the creator of the first accurately dated printed book "Apostle" in the Russian Kingdom, as well as the founder of a printing house in the Russian Voivodeship of the Kingdom of Poland.
Ivan Fedorov is traditionally called “the first Russian book printer”
In 1563, by order of John IV, a house was built in Moscow - the Printing House, which the tsar generously provided from his treasury. The Apostle (book, 1564) was printed in it.
The first printed book in which the name of Ivan Fedorov is indicated ( and Peter Mstislavets who helped him), it was “Apostle”, work on which was carried out, as indicated in the afterword to it, from April 19, 1563 to March 1, 1564. This is the first accurately dated printed Russian book. The following year, Fedorov’s printing house published his second book, “The Book of Hours.”
After some time, attacks began on printers from professional scribes, whose traditions and income were threatened by the printing house. After the arson that destroyed their workshop, Fedorov and Mstislavets left for the Grand Duchy of Lithuania.
Ivan Fedorov himself writes that in Moscow he had to endure very strong and frequent bitterness towards himself, not from the tsar, but from state leaders, clergy and teachers who envied him, hated him, accused Ivan of many heresies and wanted to destroy God’s work (i.e. printing). These people drove Ivan Fedorov out of his native Fatherland, and Ivan had to move to another country, which he had never been to. In this country, Ivan, as he himself writes, was kindly received by the pious King Sigismund II Augustus along with his army.
Russian physicist and electrical engineer, professor, inventor, state councilor, Honorary electrical engineer. Inventor of radio.
The activities of A. S. Popov, which preceded the discovery of radio, included research in the field of electrical engineering, magnetism and electromagnetic waves.
On May 7, 1895, at a meeting of the Russian Physical and Chemical Society, Popov made a report and demonstrated the world’s first radio receiver that he had created. Popov ended his message with the following words: “ In conclusion, I can express the hope that my device, with further improvement, can be applied to the transmission of signals over a distance using fast electrical oscillations, as soon as a source of such oscillations with sufficient energy is found».
On March 24, 1896, Popov transmitted the world's first radiogram over a distance of 250 m, and in 1899 he designed a receiver for receiving signals by ear using a telephone receiver. This made it possible to simplify the reception circuit and increase the radio communication range.
The first radiogram transmitted by A. S. Popov to the island of Gogland on February 6, 1900, contained an order for the icebreaker Ermak to go to the aid of fishermen carried out to sea on an ice floe. The icebreaker complied with the order, and 27 fishermen were rescued. Popov established the world's first radio communication line at sea, created the first military and civilian radio stations, and successfully carried out work that proved the possibility of using radio in ground forces and in aeronautics.
Two days before his death, A.S. Popov was elected chairman of the physics department of the Russian Physico-Chemical Society. With this election, Russian scientists emphasized the enormous merits of A. S. Popov to Russian science.
Cherepanov brothers
In 1833-1834, they created the first steam locomotive in Russia, and then in 1835 - a second, more powerful one.
In 1834, at the Vyisky plant, which was part of Demidov’s Nizhny Tagil factories, Russian mechanic Miron Efimovich Cherepanov, with the help of his father Efim Alekseevich, built the first steam locomotive in Russia entirely from domestic materials. This word did not yet exist in everyday life, and the locomotive was called a “land steamer.” Today, a model of the first Russian steam locomotive, type 1−1−0, built by the Cherepanovs, is kept in the Central Museum of Railway Transport in St. Petersburg.
The first locomotive had a working weight of 2.4 tons. Its experimental trips began in August 1834. The production of the second locomotive was completed in March 1835. The second locomotive could transport cargo already weighing 1000 pounds (16.4 tons) at a speed of up to 16 km /h.
Cherepanov was denied a patent for a steam locomotive because it was “very smelly”
Unfortunately, unlike stationary steam engines, which were in demand by Russian industry at that time, the first Russian railway of the Cherepanovs was not given the attention it deserved. The now found drawings and documents characterizing the activities of the Cherepanovs indicate that they were true innovators and highly gifted masters of technology. They created not only the Nizhny Tagil railway and its rolling stock, but also designed many steam engines, metalworking machines, and built a steam turbine.
Russian electrical engineer, one of the inventors of the incandescent lamp.
As for the incandescent lamp, it does not have one single inventor. The history of the light bulb is a whole chain of discoveries made different people V different time. However, Lodygin's merits in the creation of incandescent lamps are especially great. Lodygin was the first to propose using tungsten filaments in lamps ( In modern light bulbs, the filaments are made of tungsten) and twist the filament in the shape of a spiral. Lodygin was also the first to pump air out of lamps, which increased their service life many times over. And yet, it was they who put forward the idea of filling light bulbs with inert gas.
Lodygin is the creator of the autonomous diving suit project
In 1871, Lodygin created a project for an autonomous diving suit using a gas mixture consisting of oxygen and hydrogen. Oxygen was to be produced from water by electrolysis, and on October 19, 1909, he received a patent for an induction furnace.
Andrey Konstantinovich Nartov (1693—1756)
Inventor of the world's first screw-cutting lathe with a mechanized slide and a set of replaceable gears.
Nartov developed the design of the world's first screw-cutting lathe with a mechanized support and a set of replaceable gears (1738). Subsequently, this invention was forgotten and the screw-cutting lathe with a mechanical slide and a set of replaceable gears was reinvented around 1800 by Henry Model.
In 1754, A. Nartov was promoted to the rank of general, state councilor
While working in the Artillery Department, Nartov created new machines, original fuses, proposed new methods for casting guns and sealing shells in the gun channel, etc. He invented the original optical sight. The significance of Nartov’s inventions was so great that on May 2, 1746, a decree was issued to reward A.K. Nartov with five thousand rubles for artillery inventions. In addition, several villages in the Novgorod district were assigned to him.
Boris Lvovich Rosing (1869—1933)
Russian physicist, scientist, teacher, inventor of television, author of the first experiments on television, for which the Russian Technical Society awarded him gold medal and the K. G. Siemens Prize
He grew up lively and inquisitive, studied successfully, and was fond of literature and music. But his life turned out to be connected not with humanitarian areas of activity, but with the exact sciences. After graduating from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University, B. L. Rosing became interested in the idea of transmitting images over a distance.
By 1912, B. L. Rosing developed all the basic elements of modern black and white television tubes. His work became known in many countries at that time, and his patent for the invention was recognized in Germany, Great Britain and the USA.
Russian inventor B. L. Rosing is the inventor of television
In 1931 he was arrested in the “Academics Case” for financial assistance counter-revolutionaries” (he lent money to a friend who was subsequently arrested) and was exiled to Kotlas for three years without the right to work. However, thanks to the intercession of the Soviet and foreign scientific community, in 1932 he was transferred to Arkhangelsk, where he entered the department of physics of the Arkhangelsk Forestry Engineering Institute. There he died on April 20, 1933 at the age of 63 from a cerebral hemorrhage. On November 15, 1957, B. L. Rosing was completely acquitted.
Comments (14)
What, exactly, should be considered an “invention”? Agree that this can be answered in different ways. Some will say that an invention is the putting forward of an idea itself, a statement of a principle. Others mean by invention the creation of a working model. The third is the introduction of this model into production. By placing different emphasis, you can see the history of any invention differently.
And who is the author of the invention? For there is probably no such great inventor who would not have his predecessors, because, as we know, nothing is born out of nowhere.
And where does “invention” end and what is called “improvement” begins? I will refer to the words of one of the most outstanding inventors late XIX and the beginning of the 20th century - Thomas Alva Edison.
Edison admitted: “It is easy to make amazing discoveries, but the difficulty is to improve them so that they have practical value.” Anyone familiar with the history of technology will agree that this is exactly the case. And let no one be misled by stories about sudden insights, miraculous coincidences and amazing successes that allegedly happened to some great inventors. All this is nothing more than idle speculation. Yes, we know that Watt allegedly “invented” his steam engine while walking, after seeing, in his own words, “steam gushing out of a laundry window.” But we also know that he then spent more than ten years of daily hard work before he managed to establish serial production of these machines. Because the “principle of action” alone is not enough. And when it came to real steam, real metal and real machines, everything turned out to be not at all as simple as it might seem at first. We also know that Morse invented all the parts of his famous telegraph apparatus in just two weeks while sailing on a ship from Europe to America. But how many failures and disappointments awaited him in subsequent years, until he managed to translate his idea into a real scheme! And how much more effort and money he had to spend before he was able to prove that his telegraph apparatus was not a toy, but a necessary and useful thing. We know how amazingly lucky the inventor of the telephone, Bell, was when, due to a mistake by his assistant who was repairing the contact, he discovered a simple way to convert sound waves to electric, and vice versa. But let's not forget that this happened to no one else, namely Bell, after many years of work on the problem of telephone communication.
There is only one conclusion: the inventor should rightfully be considered not the one who made “ amazing discovery”, but the one who gave it “practical value”. By saying that such and such an invention was made by this or that, we thereby transfer onto one person the achievements of his predecessors and contemporaries (and these latter, alas, we forget; fair or unfair is another question).
Everyone has the names Galileo, Watt, Maudsley, Stephenson, Fulton, Morse, Marconi, Zworykin, Sikorsky, Brown or Korolev on their tongues. These people are rightfully considered the greatest inventors, although it is well known that spotting scopes were used before Galileo, that steam engines worked before Watt, that the caliper was used before Maudsley. It's no secret that steam locomotives (and very good ones) were built before Stephenson, and steamships before Fulton. We know that telegraphs functioned before Morse, that the principle of radio was already known before Marconi, that televisions were shown before Zworykin, helicopters flew before Sikorsky, and rockets took off before Brown and Korolev (and that their own rockets would never have launched without the efforts of subordinates named after powerful scientific teams). And yet it doesn't change anything. The enormous merit of these and many other “recognized great” inventors to humanity lies in the fact that, having taken on some (perhaps even someone else’s) undeveloped idea, they, through hard work, overcoming many difficulties, brought it to a state where its “practical value” became obvious to everyone. It is this act that we subsequently accept as an “invention” in the true sense of the word. As for the question of to what “degree of owl
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Who will add?
I also remembered a mortar. Gobyato and Vlasyev 1904 Port Arthur
Few people know that the Intel Pentium (the first) was developed former employee ITMiVT Vladimir Pentkovsky, who is currently a leading developer of microprocessors from Intel.
True, no longer in Russia, but to Russians.
Both tape recorders and video recorders were brought to life by the Russian emigrant Alexey Mikhailovich Ponyatov, founder of the company AMPEX (Initials AMP and EXcelence - Excellency, Ponyatov was a colonel in the tsarist army).
About Tetris - although I don’t consider it the greatest, nevertheless, for some, the greatest achievement of civilization is possible)) that’s why I mentioned
Gas mask - chemist Zelinsky, and in general, the entire automotive civilization - catalytic cracking and oil platforming - synthetic fibers - his merit
Yes and cellular- back in 1957 L.I. Kupriyanovich in the USSR created an experimental model mobile phone LK-1 weighing 3 kg and a base station connected to the GTS.
Stealth technology is based on our developments, first used on the MIG-25 - the one that Belenko stole to Japan, if you remember
it is little known that Oleg Losev, who died during the Siege at 41, invented an amplifying semiconductor device with a tunnel effect already in 1922
Ilizarov apparatus
Cement as we know it - Egor Gerasimovich Cheliev, who in 1825 published his “Complete instructions on how to prepare the cheapest and best mortar, or cement, very durable for underwater structures, such as canals, bridges, pools and dams, - basements, cellars and plastering of stone and wooden buildings", written by him based on his experience of rebuilding Moscow after the War of 1812.
As funny as it may seem, what is used everywhere today and is called Portland cement is actually Cheliev’s cement, and not at all the “Portland cement” of the Englishman Aspdin, who received a patent for this name for his cement, which has not been used by anyone for a long time.
In fact, the entire contents of a cell phone are based on Russian inventions, starting from the basic principle of operation - radio and ending with the principle of organizing a microprocessor conveyor
Finally, this very Internet (the principle of transmitting data in packets) - Igor Aleksandrovich Mizin. The ARPA organization, whose employees are credited with the invention of this principle, was in fact only trying to replicate in hardware the data obtained by American intelligence from Russia. At the same time, she repeated it crookedly, which is why she spent 8 years trying to get her network to work normally. An implementation error led to the data flow being blocked. The Americans were able to solve this problem only after using the already open information about the Mizin network and correcting the errors in accordance with Mizin’s work. Unfortunately, having received a more or less workable system, they immediately began to develop it, without implementing even half of the features of the Mizinsky network. The unfinished contraption became the de facto standard. Because of this, there are now a lot of problems with protocols, routing, etc.
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The list goes on
Korolev (the world's first space rocket),
Yu. V. Lomonosov (the world's first mainline diesel locomotive),
K.M. Verigin (created Chanel No. 5),
Mikhail Strukov (creator of the first jet military transport aircraft in the USA),
Sergey Prokudin-Gorsky (the world's first color photography),
A. Alekseev (creator of the needle screen),
F. Pirotsky (the world's first electric tram),
F. Blinov (the world's first crawler tractor),
Vladislav Starevich (gave the world three-dimensional animated cinema),
Mutilin V.P. (the world's first construction combine),
A. R. Vlasenko (the world's first grain harvesting machine),
V. Demikhov (the first in the world to perform a lung transplant, and the first to create a model of an artificial heart),
Vinogradov A.P. (created a new direction in science - geochemistry of isotopes),
Dm. Polzunov (the world's first universal steam engine continuous action (2 cylinders)),
M. O. Dolivo - Dobrovolsky (invented a three-phase current system, built a three-phase transformer),
V.P. Volodin (the world's first high-voltage mercury rectifier with a liquid cathode, developed induction furnaces for the use of high-frequency currents in industry),
A. G. Stoletov (studied the magnetization of iron, which made it possible to calculate electromagnets for electrical machines),
S.O. Kostovich (created the world's first gasoline engine in 1879),
Valery Glushko (the world's first electric/thermal rocket engine),
V.V. Petrov (discovered the phenomenon of arc discharge),
N. G. SLAVYANOV (electric arc welding),
V. G. Shukhov (cracking process for refining oil into light fractions),
I. F. Aleksandrovsky (invented the stereophoto camera),
D.P. GRIGOROVICH - CREATOR OF THE SEAPLANT,
Strandin, Povarnin and Stolitsa created the SPS flamethrower,
Alexandrov A, Vavilov S.I. and many others.
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1718 A.K. Nartov (1693-1756) Mechanic, built the world's first lathe with a movable support.
1748 M.V. Lomonosov (1711-1765) for the first time in science formulated the principle of conservation of matter and motion.
1751 M.V. Lomonosov began teaching a course in physical chemistry for the first time in the world. IN Western Europe(Leipzig) L. Ostwald began teaching this discipline in 1886.
1760 R. Glinkov Mechanic, created a spinning installation with a water drive, which increased labor productivity by 15 times. A similar machine appeared in England in 1771.
1761 M.V. Lomonosov first discovered the existence of an atmosphere on Venus.
1776 I.P. Kulibin (1735-1818) Mechanic, developed a project for the world's first wooden arched single-span bridge.
1789 M.E. Golovina (1756-1790) The book “Plane and Spherical Trigonometry” was published - in its scientific level it surpassed similar books abroad.
1802 V.V. Petrov (1761-1834) Physicist, developed the world's largest galvanic battery; opened an electric arc.
1806 K.K. Prince (1778-?) Engineer, developed the world's first heavy-duty platform scales.
1814 P.I. Prokopovich (1775-1850) was the first in the world to invent a frame hive, in which he used a magazine with frames.
1826 V.V. Lyubarsky and P.S. Sobolevsky Chemists laid the foundation for powder metallurgy.
N.I. Lobachevsky (1792-1856) Mathematician, presented the manuscript of the work “Abridged presentation of the principles of geometry.” This date is considered the year of birth of non-Euclidean geometry.
1834 The world's first metal ship was launched in St. Petersburg.
1837 D.A. Zagryazhsky (1807-1860) invented the caterpillar track.
1838 B. O. Jacobi (1801-1874) invented electroforming.
B.S. Yakobson Academician, created the world's first ship using galvanic elements.
1841 P.P.Anosov (1797-1851) Metallurgist, revealed the secret of making ancient damask steel.
Yu.V. Lermontov (1841-1919). The world's first female chemist was born.
1844 D.I. Zhuravsky (1821-1891) first developed the theory of calculations of bridge trusses, which is currently used throughout the world.
1847 N.I.Pirogov and A.M.Filomafitsky Surgeons developed intravenous anesthesia for the first time in the world.
1854 N.I. Pirogov (1810-1881) compiled the atlas “Topographic Anatomy”, which has no analogues in the world.
1856 N.P. Makarov (1810-1890) organized the first International Guitar Competition in Brussels.
1859 P.V. Tsiklinskaya (1859-1923) The world's first female professor-bacteriologist was born.
I.R. Hermann (1805-1970) was the first in the world to compile a summary of uranium minerals.
1860 At the Prince Mikhailovsky factory, the world's first steel cannon was cast using the Obukhov method.
1861 A.M. Butlerov (1828-1886) first formulated the basic principles of the theory of the structure of organic compounds.
1863 I.M. Sechenov (1829-1905) published his main work “Reflexes of the Brain”.
1867 A.A. Inostrantsev (1843-1919) was the first in the world to use a microscope to study rocks.
1869 D.I. Mendeleev (1834-1907) discovered the periodic law of chemical elements.
1872 A.N. Lodygin (1847-1923) invented the carbon incandescent lamp.
1875 P.N. Yablochkov (1847-1894) invented the arc lamp.
1876 M.A. Novinsky (1841-1914) Veterinarian, laid the foundations of experimental oncology.
1879 F.A. Blinov (1823-1899) was the first in the world to build a machine with caterpillar tracks - the prototype of a tractor and tank.
1880 G.G. Ignatiev (1846-1898) was the first in the world to develop a system of simultaneous telephone and telegraphy over one cable.
K.S. Dzhevetsky (1843-1938) built the world's first submarine with an electric motor.
1881 N.I. Kibalchich (1854-1881) was the first in the world to develop a design for a rocket aircraft.
1882 N.N. Benardos (1842-1905) invented electric welding.
A.F. Mozhaisky (1825-1890) built the world's first airplane.
1883 V.V. Dokuchaev’s book “Russian Chernozem” was published, with which he laid the foundations of genetic soil science.
1884 A.M. Voeykova (1842-1916) The book “Climates of the Globe” was published - the first such work in the world.
1886 P.M. Golubitsky (1845-1911) developed the world's first portable microtelephone station.
V.I. Sreznevsky (1849-1937) Engineer, invented the world's first aerial camera.
1887 A.G. Stoletov (1839
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Nikolai Dubinin - geneticist, discovered the divisibility of the gene.
Nikolai Benardos - inventor, created a method of electric arc welding using carbon electrodes.
Ivan Grekov is a surgeon who was the first in the world to successfully suturing a heart wound.
Matvey Kapelyushnikov invented a turbodrill.
Evgeniy Zavoisky discovered electrical paramagnetic resonance.
Pyotr Kupriyanov is a doctor who was the first to use a surgical method for treating heart defects.
Nikolai Lunin guessed and proved that there are vitamins in the body of living beings. Then, following his lead, these vitamins were found step by step, over the course of eight years, by two other scientists, no longer Russian.
KLIMENT TIMIRYAZEV! KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY! Sergey Vavilov - optician, V. glow, on the basis of which a fluorescent lamp was created.
Nikolai Wagner discovered insect pedogenesis.
Ivan Kulibin is the author of the first prototype of a spotlight ("mirror lantern").
Nikolai Slavyanov is an electrical engineer who was the first in the world to use an electric generator for welding metals.
ALEXANDER BUTLEROV. Mikhail Lomonosov - discovered (but did not substantiate) the law of conservation of matter with his experiment with a sealed glass vessel; discovered the atmosphere of Venus.
ALEXANDER POPOV! Valery Glushko created the world's first electric/thermal rocket engine.
Svyatoslav Fedorov - ophthalmologist, "Fedorov's lens".
Sergei Yudin was the first to perform a transfusion of human cadaveric blood.
Alexey Shubnikov - physicist, Shubnikov groups (58 point crystallographic groups of antisymmetry).
Lev Shubnikov - Shubnikov-de Haas effect (magnetic properties of superconductors).
Vladimir Shukhov - inventor, Sh. tower (hyperboloid towers made of metal structures).
Pavel Lvovich Schilling (his roots are German) invented the world's first practically usable electromagnetic telegraph.
Eduard Shpolsky - physicist, Shpolsky effect.
Nikolai Zhukovsky (his grandfather is Turkish, and he himself is the “grandfather of Russian aviation”) is the founder of modern aerodynamics, Zh.’s theorem (the basis of the theory of the aircraft wing and propeller).
Vladimir Zvorykin invented the world's first transmitting television tube in 1931 in the USA, where he emigrated from Red Russia.
Nikolai Izgaryshev discovered the phenomenon of passivity of metals in non-aqueous electrolytes.
Vladimir Demikhov is a biologist, the first in the world to perform a lung transplant, and the first to create a model of an artificial heart.
Peter Lebedev - physicist, was the first to receive and study millimeter electric/magnetic waves, discovered and measured the pressure of light on solids and gases.
Emilius Christianovich Lenz (German roots) - L. rule (determines the direction of current induction), the Joule-Lenz law, discovered the reversibility of electric machines.
Alexander Lavrov - metallurgist, discovered and explained the segregation of steel (heterogeneity chemical composition alloy, arising during its crystallization).
Petr Lazarev is the author of the ion excitation theory.
Dmitry Lachinov - physicist, proved the possibility of transmitting electrical energy through wires over significant distances in 1880.
Sergei Mosin created the world's first repeating rifle, the famous "three-line".
Mikhail Naletov created the world's first underwater minelayer "Crab", essentially the first submarine.
Sergei Neustroyev - soil scientist, introduced the concept of "gray soil".
DMITRIY MENDELEEV! Petr Minakov - physician, M. spots (in forensic medicine, death from acute blood loss is determined by them).
Pavel Molchanov - meteorologist, created the world's first radiosonde.
Nikolai Umov - physicist, the equation of energy motion, the concept of energy flow, by the way, was the first to explain practically and without ether the errors of the theory of relativity.
Evgraf Fedorov - F. table (device for crystallographic research).
Nil Filatov - doctor, F.'s disease (infectious mononucleosis).
Vasily Petrov is a physicist, the “first welder,” he discovered the electric arc and guessed what could be done with it.
Grigory Petrov - chemist, contact P. (a mixture of petroleum sulfonic acids), the world's first synthetic detergent.
Vasily Petrushevsky, a scientist and general, invented a rangefinder for artillerymen.
Igor Petryanov-Sokolov - filters P-S. (fundamentally new filter materials).
Nikolai Pirogov, a doctor, was the first to introduce a fixed plaster cast.
Lev Obukhov - metallurgist, hundred
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Vladimir Kostitsyn (first started solving biological problems using mathematical methods and evolutionary theory),
Ilya Prigogine (made enormous contributions to chemistry, physics, biology, as well as sociology and philosophy),
Sergei Vinogradsky (discovered chemosynthesis, which became one of the greatest events in biology of the twentieth century),
Alexander Chuprov Mathematician and statistician (The system of teaching statistics he proposed is still considered unsurpassed),
Boris Babkin Physiologist (was a member of the Royal Society of Canada, the Royal Society of London, a member of the German Academy of Naturalists (Leopoldina), was elected president of the Canadian Physiological Society),
Ivan Ostromyslensky An outstanding chemist (Now his discoveries in the field of polymers are rated higher than the achievements made in this area by Nobel laureates),
Boris Uvarov Entomologist (headed the Royal Entomological Society of London and was awarded the highest award in Great Britain - the Order of the Garter),
Sergei Metalnikov Immunologist and evolutionist (He attempted to transfer the “Pavlovian” doctrine of conditioned reflexes into immunology)
Mikhail Zarochentsev America's Chief Refrigerator - Engineer became a prominent specialist in the field of refrigeration units and occupied an important position in the US refrigeration industry,
Georgy Kistyakovsky (Adviser to President Eisenhower) He advised the president on a wide range of problems - from coordinating research and development in various scientific and technical institutions to training scientific personnel.
Konstantin Voronets Mechanic (Scientist made a huge contribution to the field of mechanics of liquids and gases, as well as to the development of the academic Institute of Mathematics in Yugoslavia)
Nikolai Bobrovnikov Astronomer (In 1942, he published the article “Physical theory of comets in the light of spectroscopic data,” which laid the foundations for the physical theory of comets. Subsequently, many researchers relied on its results in their works)
Georgy Pio-Ulsky The initiator of the introduction of turbines in the navy was born in Russia and designed gas turbines, the first in the world to theoretically substantiate their double advantage - speed and noiselessness,
Sergei Prokopovich Founder of the Berlin Economic Cabinet (Everyone was amazed by the scientist’s method of work: using official Soviet statistics, he correctly and impartially analyzed the Soviet economy and came to conclusions that, by the way, became obvious only after the collapse of the USSR)
Academician of the Serbian Academy of Sciences, physicist and mathematician Anton Bilimovich (The scientist was the first in world science to develop a methodology for applying mathematics to mechanics, expanding his research to include related sciences: celestial mechanics, geophysics and hydrodynamics).
Mikhail Strukov is the creator of the first jet military transport aircraft in the United States. Pavel Vinogradov is one of the most outstanding medievalists of our time. According to English historians, Vinogradov revealed to them, the British, their own history.
Grigory Troshin Neuropathologist and psychiatrist. For the first time in the world, he comprehensively analyzed the most important problems child psychopathology, combining the principles of child psychology and psychiatry.
Alexey Chichibabin Organic chemist (The scientist developed the technology for producing salicylic acid and its salts, as well as aspirin, salol and phenacetin, which saved the lives of thousands of Russian soldiers during the First World War).
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Russian emigrants
Professor G. Znamensky stated in his speech on the radio, “there is no area of the human spirit in America now in which the Russian genius and Russian talent have not played an outstanding role.” In the second half of the 20th century. Third wave immigrants and their children also contributed to the further development of the economy, science, and culture of the United States.
So, already in the 70s of the XIX century. Russian electrical engineer Ladygin worked for Thomas A. Edison. In the 1880s he began his construction career overseas railway and the founder of the city of St. Petersburg in Florida, future businessman and California State Senator P.A. Dementyev (1850-1919).
At the beginning of the 20th century. Russian agronomist M.I. worked in the USA. Volkov and the future well-known entomologist A.I. Getrunkevich (1875-1964). And during the First World War, dozens of Russian engineers of various specialties, economists, etc. ended up in the United States as members and employees of the procurement missions of the Tsarist and Provisional governments, many of whom remained there permanently.
Vladimir Karapetov Electrical engineer (187?-1948), born in St. Petersburg and graduated from the Institute of Railways there in 1897, became a university professor in the USA, a consultant to the Naval Academy, was awarded awards and medals from scientific societies, became an author many books in the field of electromechanics.
A.M. Ponyatov (1892-1986) Engineer contributed to the development of electronics in the USA and created a large company AMPEX with 10 thousand employees.
G.P. Chebotarev (1899-1986) Civil engineer became a professor at Princeton University, where he worked for 27 years.
P.A. Malozemov (1909-1997) A mining engineer who became vice-president, chairman of the board, president of Newmont and turned it into an international company, was awarded membership in the US Mining Chamber of Fame. Moved from Paris to America
IN AND. Yurkevich (1885-1964) Shipbuilding engineer was the designer of one of the largest liners of the 20th century, the Normandie.
Shipbuilding engineers N.I. and I.N. Dmitrievs and engineer I.A. Avtomonov (1913-1995) worked as designers in a number of large American companies.
R.A. Nebolsin (1900-19?) Engineer became a famous hydraulic engineer, water purification specialist and businessman.
M.T. Zarochentsev (1879-1963) Engineer became a prominent specialist in the field of refrigeration units,
A.M. Tikhvin Engineer became a famous designer of submarines.
But, perhaps, the most striking (at least due to its scale) example in this regard can be the list of names of Russian engineers, designers, test pilots, inventors and production organizers known to us who contributed to the development of the American aircraft industry. The “pioneers” among them, who came to the USA already in 1918, turned out to be I.I. Sikorsky (1889-1972), A.N. Seversky (Prokofiev-Seversky, 1894-1974) and G.A. Botezat (1882-1940). However, only after “helicopter pilot? 1” Sikorsky managed to put together the backbone of his future company, consisting of aircraft designers, engineers and test pilots - M.E. and S.E. Glukharev, B.V. Sergievsky (1888-1971), I.A. Sikorsky, V.R. Kaczynski (1891-1986), and also to collect the necessary financial resources with the help of S. Rachmaninov and other Russian immigrants, in 1923 the Sikorsky Aviation Corporation was finally founded in Stratford (Connecticut). Many Russian engineers, designers and workers found work there and received a specialty. Such prominent specialists as Professor A.M. came to the fore here. Nikolsky (1902-1963), N.A. Alexandrov, V.N. Gartsev.
In 1926 he founded the company "De Botezet Impeller Company" for the production of helicopters G.A. Botezat (changed his surname in America to De Botezat). Most of its employees were Russian (including V.A. Ivanov, N.A. Tranze, N. Solovyov). In 1931, A.N. was founded on Long Island (New York State). Seversky company "Seversky Aircraft", which employed such famous aircraft designers and testers as A.M. Kartveli (1896-1974), who became the head of the company after Seversky left in 1939, M.A. Gregor. Most of its workers also consisted of Russians and