Purpose of the lesson: Educational: to reveal the role of forests in nature and people’s lives, to show the importance rational use and forest protection. Educational: reveal the role of forests in nature and people’s lives, show the importance of rational use and protection of forests. Developmental: develop the cognitive processes of students. Developmental: develop the cognitive processes of students. Educating: educate careful attitude to nature and the need for protection environment. Educational: to cultivate a caring attitude towards nature and the need for environmental protection.
Forest for animals and plants The life of plants and plants depends on the forest. The forest is home to plants, animals and mushrooms. In the forest they feed, grow and reproduce. The forest is the “lungs of the planet.” It cleans the air of harmful impurities. Protects soils and water bodies. The role of forests in nature
A variety of products and products are obtained from wood. Here are some of them: Rosin Turpentine Paper Cardboard Medicines Furniture Musical instruments Skis Artificial fabrics, etc. What is obtained from wood?
Ecological project. 20 kg of waste paper is saved by 1 tree. Textbooks weigh 2 kg. Notebooks, diary, album and tests - 3 kg Trees that need to be planted Waste paper that needs to be handed in For 1 student For 11 years of study, 3 trees 55 kg For our class For 11 years of study, 69 trees 2 tons 265 kg
Literature Literature -Vereshchagina V.A.Plants of the Kama region./V.A.Vereshchagina, N.L.Koliasnikova.- Perm, Book World, Zorina T.G. For schoolchildren about the forest./T.G. Zorina.-Forest industry, Tsvetkova I.V. Ecology for primary school./ I.V. Tsvetkova. -Yaroslavl, Academy of Development, 1997 I.V. Tsvetkova. -Yaroslavl, Academy of Development, 1997 -Yudina I.G. Non-standard lessons and creative tasks./I.G. Yudina-Volgograd.Teacher-Ast.2004.
Class: 4
Presentation for the lesson
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Lesson objectives:
- To form in students an idea of the role of forests in the life of man and nature; to familiarize with the environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.
- Develop cognitive interest.
- To cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior.
Lesson progress
I. Organizational moment.
S. Pogorelsky
Hello forest, dense forest,
Full of fairy tales and miracles!
What are you making noise about in the leaves?
On a dark, stormy night?
What are you whispering at dawn?
Who is hiding in your wilderness?
What kind of animal? What bird?
Open everything, don’t hide:
You see, we are our own! Slide 1
II. Communicate the topic and objectives of the lesson.
– Why did we start our lesson with a poem by S. Pogorelsky?
(This is a poem about the forest. The forest reveals all its secrets to us with pleasure. It gives us miracles, and we must take care of it.)
– Who should take care of the forest (People should do this.)
The topic of our lesson: “Forest and man.”
Today we will talk about the role of forests in the life of man and nature; Let's get acquainted with the environmental problems of the forest that arose due to human fault, with the protective activities of people in the forest zone.
III. Testing knowledge and skills.
1.Frontal work./At the same time, work on cards is underway./ Appendix 1.
– What do you know about the forest zone? Give a detailed description of the location of the forest zone on the map and tell about natural conditions that have developed there.
(The forest zone is located south of the zone tundra It is marked on the map green. The forest zone is located in temperate zone, which means that all four seasons of the year are clearly expressed, cold winter and warm summer. The forest zone is mostly located on the East European and West Siberian plains, as well as on the Central Siberian Plateau. This natural area is the largest. In this natural area three parts: the largest part is the taiga. It is painted dark green. There are also mixed forests – also green, but lighter. And another part - deciduous forests, green even lighter.)
2. Group work.
Questions for nerds:
1st Group of Botanists
Help card:
- What is called taiga?
- Natural conditions of the taiga.
- What do all taiga plants have in common?
- What plants grow in the taiga?
(Taiga is a coniferous forest. It occupies most of the forest zone. Winters in the taiga are cold, and summers are warmer than in the tundra, so trees that are not very demanding of heat grow here - these are coniferous trees. Coniferous trees have leaves that needles, and they are always green. These are tall trees with powerful roots: spruce, pine, fir, larch, cedar pine. Slide 2
Spruce is a well-known New Year tree. The Christmas tree's needles are short, rough, located singly and densely cover the branches. The cones have an oblong shape. Long-lived spruces. The spruce forest is dark and humid. Slide 3
Pine is a coniferous tree with a smooth yellow trunk. Pine needles are long and sit in pairs. Pine cones have a round shape. The pine forests are light and dry.
Fir differs from spruce in that its needles are flat, and its cones stick up, and even mature ones do not fall to the ground, but scales simply fall off them.
Larch is the only coniferous tree that sheds its needles in the winter.
Cedar pine is popularly called Siberian cedar. Its needles are collected in bunches of five, and the seeds are pine nuts.
II group of botanists
Help card:
- Location of mixed and deciduous forests.
- Natural conditions in these forests.
- What unites the plants of these forests?
- What plants grow in these forests?
To the south the taiga comes to be replaced mixed forest . In it, along with coniferous trees, alder, birch, and aspen grow. Winter in such a forest is milder. Deciduous trees have medium-sized leaves, which they shed for the winter. Slide 4
Birch can be recognized by its bark, it is white; no other tree that reproduces by seeds has such bark. Slide 5
Aspen has rounded leaves, and they tremble with every breath of wind, the aspen's bark is greenish, and in the spring you can see long fluffy catkins.
Alder has small dark cones on the branches, the trunk is black or gray. Closer to the south, the zone becomes even warmer, and mixed forests are replaced by broad-leaved ones, in which large trees grow, shed their leaves for the winter, and reproduce by seeds.
The oak tree can be recognized by its mighty trunk and carved leaves; the fruits of the oak tree are acorns.
Linden has heart-shaped leaves. In summer, when the linden blossoms, it spreads a wonderful aroma. Linden fruits are dark nuts, sitting in several pieces under one wing.
Elm can be recognized by its leaves and fruits: the leaves at the base are “lopsided”, one half is larger than the other, the fruits are winged, rounded nuts. Slide 6
Maple can be Norway, Tatarian and American. The fruits of all maple species are winged.
Zoologists
Help card:
- Birds of the taiga, what unites them.
- Animals of the taiga, what unites them.
- Fauna of mixed and broad-leaved forest.
Diverse fauna forest zone: here you can find large and small animals, insects. In the taiga live: nutcracker, chipmunk, flying squirrel, sable. Also living in the forest zone are: red deer, elk, bear, wolves, foxes, lynxes, hares, squirrels, wood grouse, chipmunks, voles. There are no borders for animals - they live throughout the entire zone. Some animals go into hibernation for the winter (hedgehogs, bears), others make supplies for the winter.
The nutcracker is a taiga bird that makes provisions for the winter from pine nuts. Slide 7
The flying squirrel is a relative of the squirrel, but smaller. She can not only jump, but also fly: she has membranes between her front and hind legs. Slide 8
The brown bear is an omnivorous animal, very mobile, can run quickly, jump, climb trees, and swim.
Elk is a forest giant. In different seasons of the year, moose consume different quantities food. In winter they form groups.
The lynx is a predator and has a spotted color. There are sideburns on the sides of the head, and tufts on the ears. The lynx, hiding, waits for the prey and quietly creeps up to it.
The white hare changes color for the winter, becomes white, only the tips of the ears are black, and the fur becomes thick. These are careful animals.
3. Blitz tournament“I know the forest.”
(Coniferous)
– Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark.
The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small and round.” (Pine)
– What special difference does larch have? (Drops needles)
– What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka)
– Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch)
– This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel)
– What tree are acorns the fruit of? (Oak fruit)
– Which animal has five black stripes on its back? (Chipmunk)
– Which tree of the broad-leaved forest, when flowering, spreads a wonderful aroma around? (Linden)
– Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to the prey, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears? (Lynx)
– What forest do we call taiga?
IV. Working with a new theme
S. Nikulina “Russian Forest” Slide 9
| There's nothing sweeter Wander and think here. Heals, warms, Feed the Russian forest. |
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing I, without sparing my legs, And if I get tired - I'll sit down on a tree stump. |
| And the thirst will torment you, That's a little forest guy for me Among the thorny thickets The fontanel will show. |
The forest loves pedestrians very much, For them he is completely his own. There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere With a green beard. |
| I’ll bend over to him to get a drink - And you can see everything to the bottom. Water flows, Tasty and cold. |
Life seems different And my heart doesn't hurt When over your head, Like eternity, the forest is noisy. |
| Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest, Nuts and flowers, Fragrant raspberry On dense bushes. |
– What relationships is this poem talking about?
(Between man and forest)
– What is a forest for a person?
The forest is a place of rest for a person, because “there is nothing nicer for a person to wander and think here”...
Rest place
– Why forest-pharmacy? (There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Fresh air also heals.)
- In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water: “it will feed the Russian forest”, “I bent down to drink from it...”
Source of clean water and food
How can a forest warm a person? (A man heats a house with firewood. And firewood is trees that grew in the forest.)
– This means that the forest is a source of fuel for humans.
Fuel source
– Look around, what things made of wood do you see?
– What awaits a person in the forest? Find it in the poem. “Rowan berries, nuts and flowers, fragrant raspberries on dense bushes are waiting for us in the forest. I’m looking for mushrooms in the clearing, sparing no effort...”
– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms do in the forest? (They grow there.)
– What is the forest for them?
– For whom else is the forest home? (For birds, animals, bugs, spiders, worms.)
– This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.
House for plants, animals, mushrooms
– Look how many meanings the forest has, but that’s not all!
Article “The role of forests in nature and people’s lives”
– What roles does the forest play? Forest plants release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide. The forest clears the air of dust. Phytoncides kill pathogenic bacteria.
– What is a forest to the air? (Defender)
– What else is the forest a protector for? (Reservoirs and soils).
Protector of air, water bodies and soils
– How do forests protect water bodies? (The forest feeds the rivers, the rivers do not become shallow)
– How does the forest protect the soil? (The forest protects the soil from the wind, and the roots of plants prevent the soil from collapsing)
The forest is a home, a protector, a source, a pharmacy, a place of rest. Slide10
– Is a person always fair to the forest?
Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?
Listen to N. Nekrasov’s poem and think about what environmental problem in question:
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away. Slide 11
– What environmental problem? we're talking about in a poem ? (About deforestation)
– People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! The girl Sasha from Nekrasov’s poem also understood this; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home.
– How does this problem make you feel?
– You are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, you are concerned about the problem that has arisen - this means that you will look for ways to solve it.
– Man has long killed animals to get food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, and they killed no more than they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, forest animals are restricted and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection. The following are listed in the Red Book:
beetles – crosotel beetle, relic woodcutter, stag beetle; Slide12
plants - ginseng, lady's slipper; Slide 13
birds – eagle owl, mandarin duck; Slide 14
animals - bison, Amur tiger. Slide 15
– Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the section in the textbook on pages 112, 113 “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”.
V. Physical education minute.
Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
Let us show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.
VI. Work on the topic.
Continued study new topic.
“We also have to figure out what depends on each of us.” Listen to Sukhomlinsky's story “Ashamed before the nightingale.”
Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya and Lida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. Olya collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under a bush. Lida wrapped it in newspaper eggshells and bread crumbs and put the bag in the bag.
“Why do you take garbage with you?” said Olya. Throw it under a bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!
“I’m ashamed in front of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly.
– Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?
– If everyone acts like Olya, the forest will turn into a dump. You know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. If food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, then tin cans, glass and plastic bottles Under no circumstances should you leave it in the forest. And animals can be injured by fragments of broken bottles. I would like to talk about one more action of a person.
V. Shefner “Forest Fire” Slide 16
Forgetful hunter at rest
I didn’t sweep it away, I didn’t trample the fire.
He went into the forest, and the branches burned out
And they reluctantly smoked until the morning...
And in the morning the wind dispersed the fogs,
And the dying fire came to life.
And, throwing sparks in the middle of the clearing,
He spread out his crimson rags.
He burned all the grass and flowers together,
He burned the bushes, green forest let's go.
Like a frightened flock of red squirrels,
He darted from trunk to trunk.
And the forest was buzzing with a fiery blizzard,
The trunks fell with a frosty crack,
And like snowflakes, sparks flew from them
Above the gray drifts of ash.
– What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest?
– But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to extinguish it and make sure that the fire would not flare up again.
Reading the memo (p. 111 textbook).
– Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?
– At home, come up with and draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.
What are these actions?
- Cutting down trees on the banks of reservoirs.
- Piles of garbage. Left by a person after work.
- Forest pollution from household waste.
- Making fires.
– What should people remember when coming to the forest?
– Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now. Slide 17
VIII. Summing up the lesson.
– Name the significance of the forest for humans.
IX. Homework.
Textbook (P.106-113).
Notebook (p.35).
Draw signs that would reflect human actions that are dangerous to the forest.
Forest is an ecological complex system, with many links. Trees, shrubs, lichens, grasses, mosses, fungi, animals and various microorganisms are all components of forests. Each plant or living creature is an integral part of the forest zone and is included in the food chain. Plants produce oxygen and sugar. Herbivores feed on plants and distribute their seeds. And predators feed on these herbivores.
Thus, the forest is the basis for the life of the animal world within. Rivers, streams and various lakes are also an important component of the forest.
(Bamboo forest)
Forests grow in different conditions, both cold and hot. Forests include not only coniferous, deciduous, mixed and evergreen. Jungles, taiga, jungles and other green spaces are also forests. Natural and artificial forests are distinguished. The creator of the first is nature, and the second is man. Today forests occupy 1/3 of the land, although in the distant past forest lands were much more numerous.
The importance of forests in nature
In nature, forests are of great importance. Many species of plants grow in them, live large number animals and microorganisms. In addition, forests perform a number of natural tasks. One of them is the production and purification of oxygen. The amount of oxygen produced by one tree is enough for three people.
One more significant function forests in nature is to reduce dust levels. Every year, 1 hectare of forest stops up to 100 tons of dust. Forests are regulated and improved water balance bodies of water located inside or near the forest. This happens due to the fact that forest floor accumulates moisture formed in the spring. It is she who helps maintain the full flow of rivers and reservoirs.
The forests serve as sound insulation; they can reduce the noise level from the road by 11 decibels. Forests prevent strong winds, increase humidity and air quality, and can also soften the climate. They serve as an air filter, purifying the air from harmful chemicals. An important function of forests is to protect the soil from mudflows, landslides and various geological processes.
The importance of forests in human life
The forest has always played a huge role in human life. Today, the importance of forests is only increasing due to the fact that their number is noticeably decreasing. The role of forests in human life can be divided into three components - environmental, economic and social.
The ecological role lies in the quality of the environment and the preservation of nature. Any living creature needs vital conditions for life. It is trees that contribute to the fact that modern people breathe clean air and have the opportunity to exercise agriculture and benefit from it.
For modern man forest plays big economic role. Wood grows in forests, from which building materials, paper, furniture, wood fuel, food, material and medicinal products are made.
The main material resource is wood. But berries, mushrooms and medicinal plants that grow only in forests are also in demand by humans. Despite the fact that people are looking for a replacement forest resources, wood will always be in demand. Fossil fuels that replace wood are running out and cost much more more expensive than wood. Replacing paper bags with plastic ones has caused great harm to the earth's cover due to the fact that plastic is not recycled. The timber industry often becomes a city-forming activity and requires large number workers and equipment. Therefore, the role of forests will always be very important both for the environment and the modern world.
The social role of the forest lies in the fact that it is a historical link. Forest is an element of the development of peoples, their cultures and attitudes towards nature. Since ancient times, the forest has been a source of resources necessary for survival - here you can find food, water, and shelter. Folk songs, fairy tales and stories always play an important role forest areas. Today, forests serve as a place for people to relax, relax and breathe fresh air.
Educational and educational complex "School of Russia"
Lesson topic Forest and man
Teacher's goals
Create conditions for familiarization with environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, with human conservation activities;
defining the boundaries of knowledge and “ignorance”;
help students develop an understanding of the role of forests in the lives of humans and nature; initial skills in searching for the necessary information and analyzing the information received;
developing interest in the subject “The World around us”
Lesson type: discovery of new knowledge
Planned educational results:
subject (scope of development and level of competence): will have the opportunity to learn to formulate and justify rules of conduct in the forest; work with a textbook, with models of studied objects and phenomena of the surrounding world.
meta-subject (components of cultural competence experience/acquired competence): will master the ability to understand the educational task of the lesson, answer questions, generalize their own ideas; listen to the interlocutor and conduct a dialogue, evaluate their achievements in the lesson; know how to enter into verbal communication, use the textbook.
personal : have moral consciousness and competence in solving moral problems based on personal choice; demonstrate moral feelings and moral behavior, a conscious and responsible attitude towards their own actions
Methods and forms of training : partially search, research; group, frontal, collective, individual
Equipment photographs of the forest; presentation: “Forest and Man”; herbarium
Basic Concepts Phytoncides
Lesson progress
I.Updating basic knowledge
1.Checking homework:
Children's messages about taiga, mixed and deciduous forests according to plan
Location on the map.
Features of nature.
Animal and plant life
(Slides 2-4)
2. Solving a crossword puzzle. (Slide 5.)
1. Which tree is a symbol of Russia? (Birch.)
2. Conifer, which sheds needles. (Larch.)
3. This animal has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears. (Lynx.)
4. This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (Flying squirrel.)
5. Coniferous forest. (Taiga.)
6. A coniferous tree with flat needles and cones sticking up. (Fir.)
7. Lives in the wilderness of the forest, and in summer and winter he is a diligent worker, a forest carpenter with a big nose. (Woodpecker.)
8. Coniferous tree with short needles located singly. (Spruce.)
9. Tree with heart-shaped leaves. (Linden.)
10. What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (Kedrovka.)
11. Coniferous tree with a straight trunk yellow. The needles are long and sit in pairs. (Pine.)
Keywords: TAKE CARE OF THE FOREST.
II. Motivation (self-determination) for learning activities. Emotional, psychological motivational preparation of students to master educational material(Slide 6.) Reading a poem by S. Nikulina. Russian forest.
Russian forest
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment -
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows
Tasty and cold.
A rowan tree is waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers.
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
(S. Nikulina.)
– What relationships is this poem talking about?
What is a forest for a person?
What are we going to talk about today? (Formulation of the lesson topic0
Entries on slide (7) “Forest and Man”
Setting the lesson goal.
III. Learning new material Work in groups: identifying the role of the forest
in the life of man and nature (Working with the textbook p. 106)
Group assignments:
1. “Experts.” What is a forest for a person? (The forest is a place of rest.)
2. “Why?” What does the word “heal” mean, heard in S. Nikulina’s poem?
3. "Researchers". Where do we buy medicines?
– Medicinal plants also grow in the forest. This means that the forest is also a pharmacy.
– Why does the forest feed? (The forest is a source of clean water and food.)
– How can a forest warm a person? (The forest is a source of fuel.)
– Look around, what things made of wood do you see? (Cabinets, tables, chairs, pencils, rulers, books and notebooks are also made of wood.)
This means that the forest is a source of wood.
– What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest?
(They grow there.)
– What about animals, insects, birds? (They live.)
This means that the forest is a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.
– Look at how many meanings a forest has, but that’s not all.
Forest is a protector of air, water bodies, and soils.
– Now open your textbooks and get acquainted with a new word for you, which is of great importance for the forest and people:phytoncides. These are substances that are secreted by plant leaves. They kill pathogenic bacteria. This is how important the forest is for humans and animals.
Summarizing the material based on the presentation. (Slides 9-15)
Presentation: “The meaning of the forest”
House for plants and animals
Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants
Wood source
Protector of air, water bodies, soils
A place of rest for a person
4. – What should a person remember when entering the forest?
Rules of behavior in the forest. (Game: “Yes-no”)
When I saw the fly agaric
I'm passing by friends.
(Yes.)
The chick fell out of the nest,
We can't touch him.
(Yes.)
Who collects lingonberries?
Bush with roots
vomits.
(Not me.)
Narva lilies of the valley in the forest
For mom's holiday
I'll bring it.
(No.)
Who is walking along the path?
Don't step on bugs?
(I.)
We don't break branches,
When we walk through the forest.
(Yes.)
We saw a hedgehog
And they took him home.
(No.)
We will find the anthill
Let's watch and leave.
(Yes.)
"Researchers". Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?
Forest problems
Felling.
– What other problems does the forest have? (Showing the Red Book.)
Illegal hunting (poaching).
1. “Why” – why is the fourth one extra?
2. “Connoisseurs” - how they know the forest zone.
3. “Researchers” - solve research problems.
"Why?" What depends on each of us when we come to the forest?
– Why shouldn't you leave trash in the forest?
– Why can't you make a fire?
“Fire in the Forest” (video show)
Physical education minute .
IV. Incorporating new knowledge into the knowledge system. Practical activities.
1 Teacher's story.
– Each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in centuries, in millennia, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now. After all, the forest is also a source of knowledge.
The story is based on Boris Zubkov’s book “What the Bat Suggested.”
"Autumn. Leaves wither and turn yellow. I just don’t want the leaves to part with the tree. And the wind gets stronger, tries to tear off the leaf, cold ground quit. But one leaf of the edge was bent, almost curled into a tube. A leaf tube exposes its round sides to the wind, the wind blows on it from all sides, but cannot tear it off. Why?
Let's do an experiment, guys! Grab the edges of a piece of paper and lift it up. The sheet will immediately bend. Roll the paper tightly into a tube. Now try to bend and break such a tube. Is it difficult? So the wind is powerless against a sheet bent into a tube. One day a man saw such a leaf. And he conceived a bridge across the river, also like a leaf-tube. A large bridge, a thousand meters long. The resulting bridge is very strong. Because it looked like a leaf of wood, rolled into a strong, rigid tube.”
These are the discoveries nature suggested to man and awakened his creative thought.
This means that nature (forest) is a source of knowledge
2.Complete tasks from the electronic supplement to the textbook.
Everything depends on you and me. We must take care of the forest and protect it. So let's turn to our descendants with the same request to protect and preserve the forest - our wealth, our lungs of the planet, our beauty.
On pieces of paper, write down the rules of behavior in the forest and your wishes for your descendants.
3. Rules of behavior in the forest. (Generalization) Slide 22)
4. Creative work come up with symbols for the rules of behavior in the forest.
V. Lesson summary.
Reflection Summarizing the information received during the lesson.
Closing conversation. Grading
The bell is ringing
The lesson is over,
And the plan was completed.
Thanks guys
Huge to you
For being persistent
And they worked together!
– Did you like the lesson?
– How do you evaluate your work and the work of the class in the lesson?
VI. Homework (Slide 23)
– Find answers to questions:
1. Why doesn’t the Earth run out of oxygen?
2. What benefits does the forest bring to people?
3. What benefits do birds provide?
4. How should a person behave in the forest?
5. How can schoolchildren take part in forest protection?
6. What advice would you give to those camping outdoors in the forest?
Teacher- Shishlova Maria Vasilievna, teacher primary classes
Educational institution – Municipal treasury educational institution"Teguldetskaya secondary secondary school»
Item – the world around us
Class- fourth
Subject–Forest and man
Lesson duration- 45 minutes
Lesson Objectives: To form in students an idea of the role of the forest in the life of man and nature, to familiarize them with the environmental problems of the forest that have arisen due to human fault, to cultivate respect and love for nature, a culture of behavior;
develop logical thinking, ability to analyze and draw conclusions;
organize group work on modeling the relationship between forests and humans;
help children draw up and remember rules of behavior in the forest;
develop communication skills during group work.
Equipment: textbook “The World Around Us” by A.A. Pleshakov; multimedia support; audio recordings of songs, pictures of plants and animals
Lesson progress
1.Organizational moment,message of the topic, lesson objectives
The song “Forest March” sounds (lyrics by Sinyavsky, music by Yu. Chichkov)
Why did we start our lesson with this song? (this song talks about the taiga, children walk under cedars and pines. And about birch trees that must be protected)
Who should protect the forest?
Which of you can name the topic of our lesson? (Forest and man)
Today in class we will continue our conversation about the life of the forest. We will talk about the role of forests in nature and people's lives, about the use of forests and their protection.
2. Checking homework
Front work
Before moving on to studying a new topic, let's find out what you know about the forest zone. Show its location on the map and tell us about the natural conditions that developed there.
What plants and animals would you like to tell your friends about?
(listening to messages prepared at home)
Whose message did you like best and why?
Blitz tournament “I know the forest”
What forest do we call taiga? (coniferous)
Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. Cones are small, round” (pine)
What special difference does larch have? (drops needles)
What bird distributes the fruits of the cedar pine? (nutcracker)
Which tree is the symbol of Russia? (birch)
This animal can not only jump, but also fly. (flying squirrel)
Acorns are the fruit of which tree? (oak)
Which animal has five black stripes on its back? (chipmunk)
What tree of the broad-leaved forest spreads a wonderful aroma around when it blooms? (linden)
Recognize the animal by its description: “Loves dark forests, quietly creeps up to the victim, has a spotted color, “whiskers” and tufts on the ears? (lynx)
Individual work on cards (4-5 students):
1 task: determine which trees these seeds and cones belong to? (the cards show images of seeds and cones of trees in the forest zone);
Task 2: write two food chains that have developed in the forest zone;
Task 3: visual dictation: connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow:
| Cedar pine | |
| mixed forest |
|
| Larch | broadleaf forest |
3. Learning new material
Reading the poem “Russian Forest” by S. Nikulina
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment -
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I’ll bend over to him to get a drink -
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows,
Tasty and cold.
Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers,
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired -
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
What relationships is this poem talking about? (The poem talks about the relationship between man and the forest.)
This poem will help us figure out what the forest is for humans. Read it again to yourself.
(Independent reading of the poem)
So what is a forest for a person?
We will try to look at this topic through the eyes of people different professions. (children are divided into three groups: biologists, ecologists, doctors)
Work in groups.
Children prove the relationship between man and forest. A slide show is running at the same time.
Doctors.
Why forest pharmacy? (There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Forest air also heals. In the forest a person finds food for himself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water.)
What role does the forest play in human life and health? (The forest is a place of rest for humans, as well as a source of clean food and water.)
Biologists.
What awaits a person in the forest?
What are rowan berries, nuts, and flowers doing in the forest?
What is the forest for them?
For whom is the forest still home?
This means that the forest is also a home for plants, animals, and mushrooms.
Environmentalists.
What is forest to air? (The forest is a protector of air, water bodies and soils.)
How do forests protect water bodies? (Where the forest grows, the river does not become shallow.)
Problematic situation.
Recording on the slide:
Forest is a durable natural formation. Forests have existed on earth for hundreds, thousands of years. Nothing and no one can destroy the forest.
Do you agree with this statement? (children prove their answers)
Is a person always fair to the forest?
Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise?
Listen to another poem and think about what environmental problem it is talking about.
N. Nekrasov.
Sasha cried as the forest was cut down,
Even now she feels sorry for him to the point of tears.
There were so many curly birches here!
There because of the old frowning spruce
The red clusters of viburnum looked out.
A young oak tree rose there,
Birds reigned in the top of the forest,
All sorts of animals were lurking below.
Suddenly men with axes appeared.
The forest rang, groaned, and crackled.
The hare listened and ran away.
So, what environmental problem is the poem talking about? (Deforestation)
Look at how wood harvesting is currently going on. (Slide show)
If earlier the forest was cut down as needed, with the help of an ax, now only stumps remain after the loggers. People thought that there were so many forests that it was impossible to cut them down. Now it has become clear: the forest is in danger! This is what the girl Sasha understood from Nekrasov’s poem; she felt sorry for the birds and animals left without a home.
How does this photo make you feel?
This photo evokes different feelings, but I’m glad that you care about the fate of the forest.
Physical exercise.
Hands raised and shook -
These are trees in the forest.
Arms bent, hands shaken -
The wind blows away the dew.
Let's wave our hands to the sides, smoothly -
These are the birds flying towards us.
Let us show you how they sit down quietly -
The wings were folded back.
Listen to Sukhomlinsky's story “Ashamed before the nightingale.”
Student reads:
Olya and Lida, little girls, went into the forest. Tired of the journey, we sat down to rest and have lunch. They took bread, butter, and eggs out of the bag. When the girls had already finished dinner, a nightingale began to sing not far from them. Fascinated by the beautiful singing, Olya and Lida sat, afraid to move. The nightingale stopped singing. Olya collected the remains of her food and scraps of paper and threw them under a bush. Lida wrapped the eggshells and bread crumbs in newspaper and put the bag in her bag.
- Why do you take trash with you? - Olya said. - Throw it under the bush. After all, we are in the forest, no one will see!
“I’m ashamed of the nightingale,” Lida answered quietly.
Whose behavior in the forest do you think is correct?
What other forest problems do you know?
(Air pollution and fires)
You already know that plastic and glass objects do not rot even in the ground. If food waste and paper can be buried in the forest, then tin cans, glass bottles Under no circumstances should you leave it in the forest, as animals may be injured by fragments of broken bottles. (show a slide with photographs of unauthorized landfills outside our village, etc.)
What human act became a terrible disaster for the forest? (slide show)
But this might not have happened if the person had followed the rules for making a fire and had not forgotten to put it out.
Work in groups.
At the same time, a slide is shown.
Doctors, biologists and ecologists now have to tell us what can happen if people do not take care of the forest and its riches.
Doctors.
With air pollution from factory pipes, there will be less and less clean air in nature. There will be more sick people.
Biologists.
Due to the lack of clean air, plant growth will be disrupted and animals will disappear.
Environmentalists.
There will be no place left for people to rest. The source of Chita water and food will disappear from the face of the earth. Human health will be affected. And this environmental disaster!
Rules of behavior in the forest
The forest is our wealth. Forests are “the lungs of our planet.”
Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?
What rules do you know?
(Children's answers)
Show the slide, read the rules.
Conclusion: Of course, each of us should think about how our descendants will see the forests in a century, in a millennium, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it now gives us.
4. Lesson summary.
Our experts helped us in the lesson to determine the interaction between man and forest.
What new things have you learned about yourself?
Our planet is depicted on the board ( white) . Look how lonely and cold she is. Our specialists will now place their symbols on the planet. (Children place symbols: animals, plants).
And now our planet has become elegant and beautiful. And all this depends on the person (an image of a person is placed in the middle). And of course from you and me.
Last slide.
Reading a poem.
Tree, grass, flower and bird
They don't always know how to defend themselves.
If they are destroyed,
We will be alone on the planet.
5 .Homework.
Task in workbook p.36 No. 4
Draw signs calling to protect nature.