Lesson type: combined
Target
— formation of a holistic picture of the world and awareness of a person’s place in it based on the unity of rational scientific knowledge and the child’s emotional and value understanding personal experience communication with people and nature;
Characteristics of student activities
Understand educational objectives of the lesson, strive to fulfill them.
Work in pairs: using the diagram and text of the textbook, disclose the role of forests in nature and people's lives. Discuss environmental problems of the forest, suggest measures to protect it, discuss rules of behavior in the forest using the book “Giant in the Clearing”. Extract from additional literature and the Internet, messages about plants and animals from the Red Book of Russia, prepare messages. Discuss ecological problems national park"Elk Island" Characterize forest zones according to plan.
Formulate draw conclusions from the material studied, answer final questions and evaluate achievements in the lesson.
Planned results
Subject (know, be able to)
Know the role of plants in nature and people’s lives, rules of behavior in the forest.
Be able to give examples of representatives different groups plants and animals, reveal their features appearance and life.
Metasubject (Regulatory. Cognitive. Communicative)
P. - construct messages orally, analyze objects highlighting essential and non-essential features. Establish cause and effect relationships.
R. - evaluate the correctness of the action at the level of an adequate retrospective assessment of the compliance of the results with the requirements of the given task.
K. - determine the goals, functions of participants, methods of interaction
Personal results
A feeling of love for one's country, expressed in interest in its nature.
Cooperation skills in different situations, the ability to avoid creating conflicts and find a way out of controversial situations.
Basic concepts and definitions
House for plants, animals, mushrooms
Protector of air, water bodies and soils.
Preparing to learn new material
Using a diagram, talk about the role of forests in nature and people’s lives. Reveal some points in more detail using the textbook text
1.House for plants, animals, mushrooms.
2.Defender of air, water bodies and soils.
3. Place for a person to rest
4. Source of berries, mushrooms, medicinal plants.
5.Wood source
Learning new material
THE ROLE OF FORESTS IN NATURE AND PEOPLE’S LIFE
The forest is the “lungs” of our planet, the protector of the air. Forest plants release huge amounts of oxygen and absorb a lot of carbon dioxide. One hectare of forest absorbs as much carbon dioxide in an hour as is produced by the breathing of two hundred people! The forest also clears the air of dust. It settles on the leaves, and then is washed off to the ground by rain. The leaves of many trees release special substances into the air - phytoncides. They kill pathogenic bacteria. Forests located near cities and along roads purify the air well.
Forest is a protector of water bodies. People have long noticed: rivers along the banks of which forests have been cut down are becoming shallow. The fact is that in the forest, melt and rain water slowly seeps into the soil and from there gradually flows into the river, “feeding” it. If the forest is cut down, the water quickly flows in streams into the river along the surface of the soil. Flooding may occur. But then there is no influx of water into the river for a long time, and it becomes shallow.
The forest is also a protector of the soil. Wind and water flows quickly destroy the soil in areas where forests have been cut down.
The forest pleases people with its beauty. Rest in the forest improves mood and strengthens human health. And how many mushrooms, berries, and medicinal plants the forest gives us!
ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS AND NATURE CONSERVATION IN FOREST AREAS
Environmental problems in these natural areas are mainly associated with deforestation, as well as illegal hunting - poaching.
Before people It seemed like there were so many forests that it was simply impossible to cut them all down. Now it has become clear: the forests are in danger! Therefore, reforestation work is carried out in the place of cut down forests, that is, new forests are planted. The tree seedlings required for this are grown in special nurseries.
To cut down fewer trees, you need to use more waste paper. A considerable portion of paper and cardboard can be obtained from it. One ton of waste paper saves 10 mature trees from being cut down.
Forest plants and animals included in the Red Book of Russia are under special protection, for example lady's slipper (), ginseng (), beauty beetle (3), relic woodcutter (), stag beetle(5), mandarin duck(6), owl(7), bison(8), Amur tiger (9).
Created in forest areas big number reserves and national parks. Among them Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve, national park "Elk Island"
Comprehension and understanding of acquired knowledge
DEPENDS ON EVERYONE!
The life of the forest and its inhabitants depends on everyone who visits the forest. No one should forget that he is here visiting nature and is obliged to fulfill certain rules.
One of the simplest and important rules: Don’t leave trash in the forest! A forest loses its beauty if it is cluttered. Sharp glass or a tin can can injure a person or even an animal. In addition, the glass shards seem to be collected Sun rays, and this can cause dry leaves or blades of grass to catch fire. Then a fire will start in the forest
Fires often result from lighting fires in the forest. One small spark or ember can start a large fire. Even if there is no fire, the fire will still leave an ugly black spot on the ground - a fire pit. It has not been overgrown with grass for many years.
When making a fire, people often choose a completely inappropriate place: next to trees or where branches hang low, where there is a lot of dry grass.
When leaving, many forget to put out the fire or do it somehow, and the fire flares up again. All this leads to a fire.
Independent application of knowledge
Study the instructions in the textbook. Which rules did you already know and which were new to you?
Come up with symbols for these rules. Draw them in your workbook
How to make a fire
1. Children should not make a fire alone, without their elders.
2. A fire is needed to cook food or keep warm. You can't dilute it unnecessarily.
3.You need to carefully choose a place for a fire. There should be nothing nearby that could catch fire.
4. It is better to make a fire in an old fire pit. If it is not there, you need to remove the turf (a layer of soil with plants) with a shovel and build a fire in the resulting hole.
5. When leaving, be sure to extinguish the fire: fill it with water or cover it with sand, and put the turf back in place.
Let's discuss!
1. Air purity largely depends on the “health” of the forest. Does the “health” of the forest depend on the cleanliness of the air?
2. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in nature? What needs to be done to ensure that everyone treats nature with care?
check yourself
1.What role do forests play in nature and people’s lives?
2. Explain why the forest is called a protector of air, water bodies and soils.
3. How to behave correctly in the forest?
4. Give brief description forest zones according to the plan given in the textbook.
Conclusion
Forests purify the air, keep rivers full, and protect soils from wind and water flows. People admire the beauty of the forest, relax in it, collect mushrooms, berries, and medicinal plants. In the forests there are plants and animals included in the Red Book of Russia. Caring for the forest is the responsibility of every person.
Tasks for homework
1.In the book "Giant in the Clearing" read the stories “Always take your own trash with you”, “A fire is burning”, “White fairytale palace”. Analyze your behavior in the forest. What can these stories teach you?
2. Using additional literature and the Internet, prepare a report about one of the forest plants or animals included in the Red Book.
3.Using the Internet, take an imaginary trip to national park"Losiny Island" What programs and environmental projects do the national park staff offer to children?
ForestAndHuman
Meaningforests
"The Forest and Its Meaning" 1965
Rational use and protection of forests
Protectionforests
EventsBysecurityforests
Information sources:
SCHOOL OF RUSSIA Federal State Educational Standard A. A. Pleshakov textbook, E. A. Kryuchkova workbook The world around us 4th grade Moscow “Enlightenment” 2014
Presentation hosting the world
Forests purify the air, keep rivers full, and protect soils from wind and water flows. People admire the beauty of the forest, relax in it, pick mushrooms, berries, and medicinal plants. In the forests there are plants and animals included in the Red Book of Russia. Caring for the forest is the responsibility of every person!
Think and write down what role the forest plays in your life.
The forest is the main protector of the air, thanks to it I breathe clean air. It is also a vacation spot for me and my family.
Make a diagram based on the diagram in the textbook (The world around us, grade 4, p. 103), replacing the text with drawings and symbols.
Think about what environmental problems of forest zones are expressed by these signs. Formulate and write down.
Suggest conservation measures for class discussion that would help solve these problems.
Continue filling out the poster “Red Book of Russia”, which was drawn by Seryozha and Nadya’s dad. Find the plants and animals of forest zones on the poster and write their names.
Lady's slipper, ginseng, beauty beetle, relic woodcutter, stag beetle, mandarin duck, eagle owl, bison, Amur tiger 
Come up with and draw symbols for the rules in the textbook (p. 107). Using these signs as a guide, talk about the rules for starting a fire.
How to make a fire
|
Children should not make a fire alone, without their elders |
A fire is needed to cook food or keep warm. You can't dilute it unnecessarily. |
|
 |
You need to carefully choose a place for a fire. There should be nothing nearby that could catch fire. |
 |
It is better to make a fire in an old fire pit. If it is not there, you need to remove the turf (a layer of soil with plants) with a shovel and build a fire in the resulting hole. |
 |
When leaving, be sure to extinguish the fire: fill it with water or cover it with sand, and put the turf back in place. |
Here you can make notes for your messages about one of the forest plants or animals included in the Red Book of Russia(according to the instructions of the textbook, p. 108).
Post subject: Lady's slipper
Message plan:
1) Description of the plant
2) Why is it called that?
3) Where does it grow?
4) Features of the plant and Interesting Facts
Important message information:
Lady's slipper is a plant of the orchid family. Plants from the genus Lady's slipper can be called one of the most beautiful flowers of the taiga. The name of the plant, “Venus’s slipper,” comes from ancient times. An ancient legend says that once the goddess of beauty Venus, running away from her pursuer, hid in the northern forests among swampy swamps and dark, tall trees. Suddenly, the beautiful Venus stumbled, and the golden shoe with red satin ribbons flew off her foot and turned into a beautiful flower.
But the flower of the lady’s slipper is really very similar to the graceful slipper of a beauty. That’s why people called it “the Mother of God’s boots,” “Maryin’s slipper,” and “cuckoo’s slipper.”
The lady's slipper blooms for a long time, almost a month. But the Lady's slipper does not favor herbivorous forest animals. To avoid being eaten by moose or hares, it accumulates a bitter, toxic substance in its leaves. This substance is a real protective agent.
IN folk medicine This flower is popular as a sedative for insomnia. It is also used for headaches.
Source(s) of information: Internet, encyclopedia
Lesson summary on the world around us in 4th grade
Shroo Tatyana Alexandrovna,
teacher primary classes
MBOU "Special (correctional) comprehensive school No. 18"
Tyumen region, Novy Urengoy Lesson topic: “Forest and man.” Purpose and objectives of the lesson : to form in students an idea of the role of the forest in the life of man and nature; introduce environmental problems forests that arose due to human fault; develop cognitive interest, cultivate respect and love for nature, and a culture of behavior.Equipment : a picture of a forest, a video “Fire in the Forest”, audio recordings of the sounds of the forest. During the classes. 1. Organizational moment Music is playing. Poems by S. Nikulina “Russian Forest” (read by student)Teacher: What relationships is this poem talking about?Students : About the relationship between man and forest.So the conclusion is: the forest must be protected.2. The topic of our lesson is “Forest and Man” We have three groups in the lesson. Experts show their knowledge, researchers study certain problems, and why people ask the question why? and find the answer to it. And so the experts: What is a forest for a person? 1 student. The forest is a place for a person to relax, because there is nothing nicer for a person than to wander and think here.Teacher: So the forest -
RESTING-PLACE
-What does it mean, will heal, sounded in the poem?2 student . There are many medicinal plants in the forest. Hawthorn - lowers blood pressure, linden blossom - used for colds, strawberries - rich in many vitamins, rosehip is also rich in vitamins. Especially here in the north, many medicinal plants are useful, since people's health is poorer. Teacher : Where do we buy medicine?Students: At the pharmacy. Teacher: But these medicinal plants grow in the forest.So the forest is alsoPHARMACY
Teacher: Why does the forest feed?3 student. In the forest, a person finds food for himself - these are berries, mushrooms, nuts, mushrooms, clean water. That means forest.SOURCE OF CLEAN WATER AND FOOD
Teacher: How can it warm a person?4 student. A person heats a house with wood, and the wood is trees that grew in the forest. That means forest.FUEL SOURCE
Teacher : Look around, what things made of wood do you see? (cabinets, tables, chairs, pencil, ruler, books and notebooks are also made of wood) That means forest.WOOD SOURCE
Teacher . What do flowers, bushes, mushrooms, trees do in the forest? (They grow there)What about animals, insects, birds? (They live)This means the forest is home for them. Teacher: Look at how many meanings a forest has, but that’s not all.Students tell what roles the forest plays. (Cleans the air from dust. Where the forest grows, the rivers do not become shallow, the forest “nourishes” them. The forest protects the soil from the wind, and the roots of plants prevent the soil from collapsing) That means forest. 3.Working with the textbook p.106. Teacher: - Now open your textbooks and get acquainted with a new word for you, which is of great importance for the forest and people.PHYTOCIDES
These are substances that are secreted by plant leaves. They kill pathogenic bacteria.This is how important the forest is for humans and animals. On the desk - THE IMPORTANCE OF THE FORESTRESTING-PLACE
4. What should a person remember when entering the forest? A game. When I saw the fly agaric I'm passing by friends. (Yes) The chick fell out of the nest, We can't touch him. (Yes) Who collects lingonberries? We tear out the bush by the roots. (not me) Who is walking along the path? Don't step on bugs? (I) We don't break branches, When we walk through the forest. (Yes) We saw a hedgehog And they took him home. (No) We will find the anthill Let's watch and leave. (Yes) Narva lilies of the valley in the forest I'll bring it to my mom for the holiday. (No)Physical exercise. Hands raised and shookThese are trees in the forestArms bent, hands shaken -The wind blows away the dewTo the side of the hand, wave it smoothly -These are the birds flying towards usLet us show you how they sit down quietly -The wings were folded back.5. Researchers. Teacher. -Is a person always fair to the forest? Is it his fault that environmental problems in the forest arise? On the desk.
PROBLEMS
1 student. Why do people cut down forests? For timber harvesting. Previously, they cut down with an ax, but now logging is destroying entire tracts of forest.So it's a forest problem.
CUTTING
- What other problems does the forest have?2 student. Man has long killed animals to get food, but this was necessary for the survival of people, but they killed as much as they could eat. Now, excessive hunting has led to the complete or almost complete extermination of some animal species. Currently, hunting of forest animals is limited, and poaching is punishable by law. Many species of rare animals are taken under protection, and plants and animals listed in the Red Book are under special protection.Display of the Red Book.This means another forest problem.ILLEGAL HUNTING (POACHING)
6. Independent work. (by groups) 1. Why is the fourth one extra?2. Experts - how they know the forest zone.3.Researchers - solve research problems. (see Attachment)Testing and evaluation.7.What depends on each of us when we come to the forest? Why? 1 student. Why shouldn't you leave trash in the forest? Flow plastic bottles, bags, packaging film makes up 40% of all household waste. Animals may be injured on bottles and cans.2 student. Why can't you make a fire? Animals and plants die. But this might not have happened. If a person follows the rules of making a fire and does not forget to extinguish it. “Fire in the Forest” (video show)8. Consolidation. Each of us must think about how our descendants will see the forests in centuries, in millennia, and whether the forest will be able to give them what it gives us now. After all, the forest is also a source of knowledge.Teacher's story (from Boris Zubkov's book “What the Bat Suggested”)"Autumn. Leaves wither and turn yellow. I just don’t want the leaves to part with the tree. And the wind gets stronger, tries to tear off the leaf, cold ground quit. But one leaf of the edge was bent, almost curled into a tube. A tube-leaf exposes its round sides to the wind; the wind blows on it from all sides, but cannot tear it off. Why? Let's do an experiment, guys! Grab the edges of a piece of paper and lift it up. The sheet will immediately bend. Roll the paper tightly into a tube. Now try to bend and break such a tube. Difficult? So the wind is powerless against a sheet bent into a tube. One day a man saw such a leaf. And he conceived a bridge across the river, also like a leaf-tube. A large bridge, a thousand meters long. The resulting bridge is very strong. Because it looked like a leaf of wood, rolled into a strong, rigid tube.”These are the discoveries nature suggested to man and awakened his creative thought. Means.
NATURE (FOREST) SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE
Everything depends on you and me. We must take care of the forest and protect it. So let's turn to our descendants with the same request to protect and preserve the forest - our wealth, our lungs of the planet, our beauty.Write wishes on pieces of paper and attach homework to them.9. Lesson summary. Homework. The bell is ringing The lesson is over and the plan is completed,Thank you guys, thank you very muchFor working hard and together,Why are you so useful to our forest?And the leaves fly to the next lesson.Homework. Find answers to questions. 1. Why doesn’t the Earth run out of oxygen?2.What benefits does the forest bring to people?3. What benefits do birds bring?4.How should a person behave in the forest?5. How can schoolchildren take part in forest protection?6. What advice would you give to those camping outdoors in the forest?
Educational and educational complex "School of Russia"
List of used literature:
1.
Pleshakov A.A. From earth to sky atlas guide for primary school students. - 7th ed. - M.: Education 2006.2. Poem by S. Nikulina “Russian Forest”3. Book by Boris Zubkov “What the Bat Suggested”
Application.
1. “The fourth odd one” Underline.
1. Pine, spruce, oak, saxaul.2. Fir, linden, polar willow, cedar.3. Dwarf birch, pine, bird cherry, oak.4. Cypress, maple, rowan, elm.5. Ash, apple, birch, palm.6.Sable, marten, badger, polar wolf.7. Bear, fox, lizard, jerboa.8. Monitor lizard, hedgehog, badger, owl.9.Viper, black grouse, wild boar, polar bear.10. Goitered gazelle, elk, owl, thrush.
2. How do they know the forest zone? Connect with arrows the trees and the forest in which they grow.
Fir Birch Taiga Cedar pine Linden Alder Mixed forest Pine Larch Oak Broadleaf Forest Maple
3.Tasks.
a).60 kg of waste paper is saved from being cut down by one tree that has been growing in the forest for over fifty years. How many trees will students from one school save by collecting over 720 kg of waste paper? How much waste paper must be collected to save 27 trees?
b). While determining the amount of water provided by the spring, tourists noticed that 2x liter jar filled in 4 seconds. How much water does the spring produce in one hour?
(6.5 MB)
Attention! Slide previews are for informational purposes only and may not represent all the features of the presentation. If you are interested this work, please download the full version.
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Goals:
- To form in students an idea of the importance of forests in the life of nature and people.
- Familiarize yourself with environmental forest problems arising due to human fault, with security activities in the forest zone.
- Develop cognitive interest, cultivate love and respect for nature, and a culture of behavior.
Equipment: multimedia projector; interactive board; presentations “Forest and Man”, “Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve”; Multimedia course "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4." (CD); "Birds of central Russia: sounds of nature - 2002," a compact disc (CD-ROM) contains recordings of the voices of birds of central Russia. Rolled magnetic plastic poster "Natural Community of the Forest" and illustrated magnetic cards from the Spectra set. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Textbook for 4th grade. Part 1. Pleshakov A.A. Kryuchkova E.A. The world around us: Let's test ourselves: Notebook for 4th grade elementary school students: Part 1. Puzzles. Exhibition of student written (printed) messages: about medicinal plants of the forest, forest mushrooms, berries; on the use of wood; on forest protection, the Red Book of the Russian Federation. (Children get acquainted with the messages before and after the lesson).
1. Org. moment. Updating knowledge.
Teacher. Guys, in the last lesson you got acquainted with the natural forest area. And in order for you to be able to determine what our lesson will be about today, I suggest listening to poems performed by our students:
The forest fills a basket with mushrooms
And in reserve
Leaves a little...
After all, the animals of the forest
They eat mushrooms
Therefore greedy
Entry into the forest is prohibited!
V. Shulzhik
It's good in our forest!
As soon as I entered the bushes -
I found a boletus
Two chanterelles, boletus
And a green moss.
The prickly hedgehog is in front of me
I ran to my home.
Two titmouses in silence
They sang songs to me loudly.
I wandered further away
I picked blueberries there.
Now I bring everything home.
It's good in our forest!
G. Ladonshchikov
Children. We will talk about what the forest can give to a person, and about careful attitude to him
Showing the first slide of the presentation "Forest and Man".
U. Imagine that you are in the forest, close your eyes.
Listening to a fragment of the audio recording "Birds of Central Russia".
U. What sounds did you hear in the forest?
D. Birdsong.
U. Do you remember what the air is like in the forest?
D. There is clean air in the forest.
U. Do you like to be in the forest? Why?
D. The forest is beautiful, interesting, there are many different plants, animals, birds singing.
U. The forest is very important for nature and people. There is clean fresh air in the forest. The beauty of forests inspired poets, artists and musicians to create wonderful works of art, for example, composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, artist I.I. Shishkina. Admire reproductions of forest landscapes painted by Ivan Shishkin.
Showing slide II of the presentation “Forest and Man” by I.I. Shishkin.
Mini quiz.
U. Remember which works you read in class? literary reading, these lines, and who is their author? (Three students recite excerpts from poems by heart):
It's a sad time! Ouch charm!
I am pleased with your farewell beauty -
I love the lush decay of nature,
Forests dressed in scarlet and gold...
A.S. Pushkin"It's a sad time! The charm of the eyes!"
The forest is like a painted tower,
Lilac, gold, crimson,
A cheerful, motley wall
Standing above a bright clearing...
I.A. Bunin"Leaf fall."
Enchantress in Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snow fringe,
motionless, mute,
He shines with a wonderful life...Is the winter sun shining
On him your ray with a scythe -
Nothing will tremble in him,
It will all flare up and sparkle
Dazzling beauty.
F.I. Tyutchev"Enchantress Winter"
D. Forests are our common wealth, we must be able to admire them, we must protect the forest.
U. Lesson topic: "Forest and man." During the lesson we will talk about the role of forests in the lives of people and nature, get acquainted with the environmental problems of forests and the conservation activities of people in the forest zone.
II. Check of knowledge.
Working with the multimedia textbook "Lessons of Cyril and Methodius. The world around us. Grade 4." (CD). Lesson 09. Natural areas of Russia.
U. What have you learned about the forest area? (Students complete tasks on the interactive board):
a) Indicate the taiga zone on the map.
b) What plants are there in the taiga?
c) In what natural zone of Russia do oak, birch, maple, and aspen grow?
d) What natural zone are these plants and animals characteristic of?
Drawing up food chains using Spectra's illustrated magnetic cards "Natural Community of the Forest" (performed by 1 student).
Individual work on cards (the work is carried out by three students):
A) Complete the text: The forest zone is located... in the tundra zone. It is indicated... by color on the map of natural areas. The forest zone is the most... natural zone, which is located in... the belt. The forest zone consists of... parts.
b) Correct errors in the text: Taiga is a deciduous forest; it occupies the smallest part of the forest zone. In the taiga Cold winter, summer is colder than in the tundra, so trees grow here that are especially demanding of heat: oak, cedar pine, birch, linden, maple, larch, spruce, aspen, fir, pine.
V ) Continue the sentences:
The forest zone is divided into three parts: ________________________
Closer to the south, mixed forests are replaced by ________________
In deciduous forests grow: ______________________________
Animals living in the taiga are:__________________________________________
Summing up the results of the knowledge test, marking.
III. Working on a new topic.
Guessing riddles.
U. I suggest you solve the riddles and think about the significance of the forest in the life of nature and people:
Like on a stitch, on a path
I see scarlet earrings.
I bent down for one,
And I came across ten!
I was leaning - I was not lazy,
I filled the mug with the top.
(Strawberries) E. Blaginina
A family lives on a stump:
Mom, dad, brother and me.
We have one house, and the roof
Everyone has their own.
(Honey mushrooms) N. Pikuleva
Of course not white -
I, brothers, am simpler,
I usually grow
In a birch grove.
(Boletus) 3. Alexandrova
This guy is very strong
Naughty tooth
Split it first
And then eat.
(Nut) Unknown author.
U. What were the riddles about? Think about why people come to the forest?
D. Collect mushrooms, berries, nuts.
U. What else does the forest give to a person? What does it mean for nature? (Children's answers).
Show III, IV, V slides of the presentation "Forest and Man". Students become familiar with the content of the slides and make comments.
U. Since ancient times, the forest fed and warmed people. Wood served as a material for building and heating homes. People made household utensils from wood, built huts, heated them with firewood and brushwood, wove bast shoes from bast, baskets from twigs, and boxes from birch bark. Our ancestors collected berries, mushrooms, nuts in the forests, and used medicinal herbs To cure illnesses, they hunted wild animals.
Working with the textbook.
U. You will learn about what other significance the forest has by reading the article in the textbook “The Role of the Forest in Nature and People’s Lives” on pp. 106 - 107.
U. What other roles does the forest play? (Children's answers).
Show slide VI of the presentation "Forest and Man". The meaning of the forest.
IV. Physical education minute.
Here is a tall pine tree
She reaches for the sun.
An ancient oak tree above the clearing
He spread the branches to the sides.
And mushrooms grow below,
There are so many of them here now!
Don't be lazy and don't be shy,
Lean over for mushrooms!
It's good to walk through the forest!
But learning is more interesting!
O.V. Uzorova, E.A. Nefyodova
V. Continued Study new topic.
U. Is a person always fair to the forest? Whose fault do you think causes environmental problems in the forest? (Children's answers).
Students reading an excerpt from a story by K.G. Paustovsky "Creaky Floorboards".
Perhaps most of all to the composer P.I. Tchaikovsky was helped by the forests, the forest house where he stayed this summer, clearings, thickets... this amazing air...
The house stood on a hill. The forests went down into the cheerful distance, where a lake lay among the thickets. There the composer had favorite place- it was called Rudy Yar.
The road to Yar itself always caused excitement. Sometimes, in winter, in a damp hotel in Rome, he would wake up in the middle of the night and begin to remember this road step by step: first along a clearing where pink fireweed blooms near stumps, then through birch mushroom forests, then through a broken bridge over an overgrown river and along out and up, into the ship's forest.
He remembered this path, and his heart beat heavily. This place seemed to him the best expression of Russian nature...
He knew that today, having been there, he would return - and his favorite theme, long living somewhere inside, about the lyrical power of this forest side, would overflow and flow in streams of sounds. And so it happened. He stood for a long time on the cliff of Rudy Yar. Dew dripped from the thickets of linden and euonymus... The familiar land was all caressed by light, illuminated by it down to the last blade of grass. The variety and power of lighting caused Tchaikovsky to feel that state when it seems that something extraordinary, like a miracle, is about to happen. He had experienced this state before. He couldn't be lost. It was necessary to immediately return home, sit down at the piano and hastily write down what was played on sheets of music paper.
Tchaikovsky quickly walked towards the house. There was a tall, spreading pine tree in the clearing. He nicknamed it “the lighthouse.” She made a quiet noise, although there was no wind. Without stopping, he ran his hand over her heated bark...
Teacher.Having learned that the forest had been sold to the merchant Troshchenko, who was going to cut it down, Pyotr Ilyich desperately tried to “prevent the execution from happening”: he went to both the governor and Troshchenko. But, returning home, he nevertheless became an eyewitness to the “meanness”.
..."Will I have time? - thought Tchaikovsky... Tomorrow they will start cutting down the forest. What kind of meanness is this!" ... The horses carried the carriage into the clearing. Someone ahead shouted a warning. The coachman immediately reined in the horses. Tchaikovsky stood up and grabbed the coachman's shoulder. The lumberjacks scattered from the foot of the pine tree, bending over like thieves.
Suddenly the entire pine tree, from roots to top, shuddered and groaned. Tchaikovsky clearly heard this groan. The top of the pine tree swayed, the tree began to slowly lean towards the road and suddenly collapsed, crushing neighboring pines and breaking birches. With a heavy roar, the pine tree hit the ground, trembled with all its needles and froze. The horses backed away and began to snore.
It was a moment, just one terrible moment of death of a mighty tree that had lived here for two hundred years... Tchaikovsky approached the top of a fallen pine...
There were also birch branches broken off by pine trees. Tchaikovsky remembered how the birch trees tried to hold the falling pine tree, take it onto their flexible trunks in order to soften the fatal fall - the earth shook far away from him. He quickly went home. First to the right, then to the left, then behind was the roar of falling trunks. And still the earth groaned dully. Birds darted over the clearing... Tchaikovsky kept speeding up his steps. He almost ran.
Meanness! - he muttered. - Monstrous abomination! Who gave a person the right to mutilate and disfigure the earth so that some Troshchenko would slobber on banknotes at night? There are things that cannot be valued in rubles or billions of rubles. Is it really so difficult for these wise statesmen to understand there, in St. Petersburg, that the power of the country lies not only in material wealth, but also in the soul of the people! The wider and freer this soul is, the greater the greatness and strength the state achieves. And what fosters breadth of spirit if not this amazing nature! It must be protected, just as we protect human life itself. Descendants will never forgive us for the devastation of the earth, the desecration of what rightfully belongs not only to us, but also to them...
U. What environmental problem is K. Paustovsky talking about?
D. About deforestation.
Showing the VII slide of the presentation “Forest and Man” During deforestation.
U. Look at how timber is currently harvested. Such pictures remain after the work of loggers. How do these photographs make you feel?
Our forests are in danger! We are not indifferent to the fate of the forest, we are concerned about this problem, which means we need to look for ways to solve it. What would you propose to do to protect forests? (Collect waste paper).
U. Listen to the poem and tell me what kind of feasible assistance from schoolchildren in preserving forests is the author talking about?
Schoolboy, just one notebook
Let's save for a quarter with you!
And the forests we saved
They will say “thank you” to all voices.
Reading a poem (read by prepared students).
U. Think about what environmental problems of the forest Anatoly Orlov writes about “About the tourist Fedya and the bear (how not to behave in the forest)”
Through the thick green grass
A “green” tourist was going on a hike.
In the silence the “magician” rumbles,
His backpack rattles to the beat.
The sun is shining brightly in the sky,
A cool wind hits your face.
Fedya, that’s the tourist’s name,
For the first time he storms the distance...
- They are melting, - know this, -
There are cigarettes in a bright pack.
Yes, matches are smoking in the bushes,
What quits out of habit...
Here in a rowan jacket,
Picking up the toe of a shoe
Your cigarette butt, boy
Threw it deliciously onto a stump.
What a scared bird
It flew out of the nest in one fell swoop.
Fedya shouted after her:
- Hello to the wood grouse!
Unfinished bottle
Threw it into a pile at the fork.
A ray jumps from the bottle
A hot trickle through the heap...
A pile of dried branches
It will soon burst into flames like gunpowder.
-...The guy is strong, full of strength –
There is no trace of him...
From a rocket launcher to a squirrel
He hits the plate like in a shooting gallery...
Among the dense windfall
I decided to relax like I was at home.
And Fedya will soon go to rest -
A large fire was immediately lit.
I ate Snickers and drank tea. –
Full of fresh energy again.
And without putting out the fire,
Hidden in the dark wilderness...
But behind Fedya's back
The smoke is a thick veil.
And around this time
The bear walked quietly up the mountain.
Seeing everything is his habit:
He looks - the forest is burning from a match...
Where the fire glowed -
The old forest is burning.
From the burning heap to the thicket
The snake crawls, smoldering with fire...
They gave me a job
Until the seventh, immediately, sweat!
The red skin is smoking,
The bear continues to fight
With the fire running wild.
- There wasn’t enough time in the afternoon -
The evening is extinguishing, the night is extinguishing,
To help our native taiga!
Anger strangles the bear with all its might:
- I'll cut off the bastard's ears.
Let him cut it off on the nose,
How to behave in the forest.
But while I was extinguishing the taiga,
Fedya has long since disappeared...
Yes, - the bear thought, -
Hundreds of Fedya come to the forest.
Fedya will not see behind everyone
Even a thousand bears.
We need to make sure that Fedya
Honor the Bear Rules!
So that they, and all the boys
They were read like books.
Didn't smoke, didn't litter,
The forest was idolized in everything.
We took care of animals and birds,
Without bad habits, we would go on.
And then there are bears in the forest
Even Fedya will be welcome!
U. What rules of behavior in the forest did Fedya violate? What act of such a unfortunate tourist led to great trouble for the forest and its inhabitants?
D. Careless handling of fire leads to a fire in the forest.
Show the VIII slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Forest fire.
U. Why is a forest fire dangerous? What should be done to prevent fires from starting a fire?
D. During a fire, forest inhabitants die, the ecological balance and ecological connections are disrupted. To avoid fires, you must follow the rules for making a fire.
Working with the textbook.
U. Read the memo “How to make a fire” on page 111 in the textbook.
U. What else can’t you do in the forest?
D. Break tree branches, destroy nests, make noise, litter.
U. This is what a forest can become.
Show slide IX of the presentation "Forest and Man". Landfills in the forest.
U. What harm do unauthorized landfills cause to forests and people?
D. They pollute the environment, disrupt the ecological balance, etc.
U. What other environmental problem of the forest do you know?
D. Killing animals is one of the environmental problems of the forest.
U. What did excessive hunting lead to?
D. To the complete or almost complete extermination of some animals.
U. What measures are being taken by the state to protect and save forest animals?
D. Hunting for forest animals is limited, poaching is punishable by law, rare and endangered animals and plants are listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation and are under special protection of the state.
Show X slide of the presentation "Forest and Man". Red Book.
Screening of the presentation "Prioksko-Terrasny Reserve".
U. Nature reserves have been created in the forest zone. You will learn about one of them by reading the presentation and the teacher’s story.
In the south of the Moscow region, near the city of Serpukhov, there is the Prioksko-Terrasny State Natural Biosphere Reserve - a pearl of nature in the southern Moscow region. The reserve was created in June 1945 after the war. Its area is 4945 hectares. Most of it is covered with forests. In 1979, the reserve received the status biosphere reserve. There are 960 species of plants growing on the territory of the reserve, including rare ones listed in the Red Book of Russia. The pearl of the reserve are areas of steppe vegetation surrounded by pine forests located in the south of the reserve. This is a unique “Oka flora”. Here you can see such rare plants for the Moscow region as feather feather grass, fescue, Bieberstein tulip, Russian hazel grouse and other plants steppe zone. 56 species of mammals live here. The most common inhabitants of the Russian Plain are wild boar, elk, badger, marten, weasel, and hares: hare and hare. Rarely does a wolf come in. IN last years there are lynx and otter. Roe deer and beaver have been restored. The bird fauna includes 140 species. In spring and summer, pied flycatchers, finches, robins, warblers, and great tits are numerous. There are capercaillie, black grouse, hazel grouse. And also the black kite, kestrel, hawks - goshawk and sparrowhawk, tawny owl, little owl. Among the insects rare species butterflies Mnemosyne, swallowtail, Apollo, etc. In 1948, the Central Bison Nursery was organized in the reserve, which became the center for the restoration and breeding of bison in Russia. Animals are kept here in conditions close to natural. During the existence of the nursery, more than 600 purebred bison were born, 250 of them were resettled in the forests of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania. Excursions are organized at the bison nursery.
VI. Consolidation.
Working with Spectra's "Forest Natural Community" magnetic poster and illustrated cards. Using cards, children show and talk about which human activities are aimed at benefiting the forest community, and which, on the contrary, bring harm to the forest.
U. Why do you think some people do not follow the rules of behavior in the forest?
Work in notebooks "Let's test ourselves." Peer testing in pairs.
- Option I - task No. 1. Supplement the diagram “The importance of forests in nature and people’s lives,” p. 29.
- Option II - task No. 2. Mark those animals that are listed in the Red Book and live in the forest zone, p. 30.
VII. Homework.
VIII. Bottom line.
U. What new did you learn in the lesson? What should a person remember when coming to the forest? (Children's answers). Everyone should think about how our descendants will see the forests, and whether the forest can give them what it gives us now.
Grading.
Materials used.
1. O. Dmitrieva: Lesson developments for the course “The World around us”: 4th grade: K educational method. set of Pleshakov A.A. M.: VAKO, 2006.
3. Site Prioksko-Terrasny Nature Reserve http://www.danki.ru/
4. Website "Ecotravel" http://www.ecotravel.ru/regions/reserves/1/2/36/
Tatiana Norinskaya
"Forest and Man". Lesson summary in 4th grade on the subject “The World around us”
Goals lesson:
Form in students performance about the role of forests in life man and nature;
To introduce the environmental problems of the forest that arose due to person, with the security activities of people in the forest zone;
Develop cognitive interest, develop speech, logical thinking, the ability to analyze, draw conclusions, broaden the horizons of students;
To cultivate respect and love for nature, a sense of duty and responsibility to natural resources.
I. Organizational moment
Good morning. Today on our there are guests in the lesson. Let's say hello. Sit down.
I'll read an excerpt from the song "Forest March"
We wrote it ourselves
In the forest green book
About what the forest has
Reliable friends -
The same girls
The same boys
Just as happy
Like you and me!
Why did I start our lesson from this passage? (This passage is about friends of the forest)
Who should protect the forest? (People should do this.)
Who can formulate the theme of our lesson?
The topic and goals are communicated lesson.
The topic of our lesson is "Forest and Human»
II. Checking homework
1. Before moving on to studying a new topic, let's check your homework.
Tell us about the tundra.
What can you tell us about the taiga?
Name the trees that grow in the taiga
What animals live in the taiga?
What can you tell us about the zone of broad-leaved and mixed forests?
Flora of forests
2. There is a competition drawings: "Like me I imagine the taiga, mixed and deciduous forest." The drawings are briefly commented on. (exhibition of drawings on the board)
The guys drew pictures, let's follow the pictures let's define What zone do they belong to?
By what signs did you recognize it?
III. Working on a new topic
1. Listen to the poem by S. Nikulina "Russian Forest" read by Savvateev Michael:
There's nothing sweeter
Wander and think here.
Heals, warms,
Feed the Russian forest.
And the thirst will torment
That's a little forest guy for me
Among the thorny thickets
The fontanel will show.
I'll lean over to get a drink
And you can see everything to the bottom.
Water flows,
Tasty and cold.
Rowan trees are waiting for us in the forest,
Nuts and flowers,
Fragrant raspberry
On dense bushes.
I'm looking for a mushroom clearing
I, without sparing my legs,
And if I get tired
I'll sit down on a tree stump.
The forest loves pedestrians very much,
For them, he is completely his own.
There's a goblin wandering around here somewhere
With a green beard.
Life seems different
And my heart doesn't hurt
When over your head,
Like eternity, the forest is noisy.
What relationships is this poem talking about? (The poem talks about the relationship between man and forest)
This poem will help us figure out what the forest is for person.
2. Work from the textbook, p. 106. Determining the role of forests in human life.
Read the article in the textbook “The role of forests in nature and people’s lives” on pp. 106-107 - and you will find out what role the forest plays.
3. Work in notebooks.
Open your notebook to page 50 and answer the first question: What role does the forest play in your life? (some Human read out their answers)
4.1) So what is a forest for? person? (the first card is opened - "resting-place").
The forest is a real filter that cleans the air from dust and soot. Dust settles on the leaves and is then washed to the ground by rain. In addition, the leaves of many trees release special substances into the air - phytoncides. They kill pathogenic microbes. It is good and pleasant to relax in the clean air.
2) Why is it called a forest "Pharmacy"(card opens - "pharmacy").
The forest is a storehouse of various riches. They grow here the most valuable breeds trees, many medicinal plants and herbs.
3) In the forest Human finds food for itself - these are berries, nuts, mushrooms, clean water (a card opens "source clean water and food").
4) How can a forest warm you up? person?
So the forest is for person- this is a source of fuel (a card opens "fuel source").
5) (card opens “house for plants, animals, mushrooms”).
How do you understand this?
6) What is the forest for the air?
The forest is an oxygen shop. IN big cities, necessary a large number of trees, because they absorb harmful substances that are in the air
7) Why else is the forest a protector? (card opens “protector of air, water bodies and soils”).
How do forests protect water bodies?
How does the forest protect the soil?
The forest maintains the full flow of rivers, streams, and reservoirs.
The forest regulates the action of the wind, protects the soil from the influence of blowing and dispersal. They even plant forest belts that prevent soil from being blown away.
5. Everything you said is true, but now let's summarize our knowledge. Look at the diagram we came up with.
Meaning of forest
1. Rest place
3. Source of water and food
4. Fuel source
5. House for plants, mushrooms, animals
6. Protector of water bodies, air, soil.
What conclusion can be drawn from all that has been said?
Conclusion: the forest has great importance, both in nature and in life person.
IV. Reinforcing a covered topic
1). Test work « Natural area forests" (slides 3-7)
Let's do a little test. Attention to the screen.
1. The natural forest zone consists from:
1) five parts;
2) two parts;
3) three parts;
2. The most large territory occupy:
1) mixed forests;
2) coniferous forests;
3) broad-leaved forests;
3. They grow in the taiga:
1) fir, spruce, larch;
2) oaks, pines, spruces;
3) birch, linden, larch;
4. The following forest animals are listed in the Red Book stripes:
1) musk ox, walrus, pink gull;
2) red-breasted goose; merlin; Siberian Crane;
3) stork; walrus; seal;
5. Forest protection is….
1) duty of the state;
2) the duty of the state and the duty of every citizen;
3) care of the forest inhabitants themselves;
2). Self-test.. Blitz tournament "I know the forest"(the teacher dictates, and then the students change leaves and check on the screen, slides 9-17)
What forest do we call taiga?
Which tree is the symbol of Russia?
- Name the tree: “Tall, slender, with yellowish-reddish or brown bark. The branches are only at the top. The needles are long and arranged in pairs. The cones are small, rounded».
This animal can jump from tree to tree.
Who is the forest health officer?
This animal can not only jump, but also fly.
What tree are acorns the fruit of?
Perform on cards in pairs.
find out coniferous trees on twigs and cones. Number the drawings (1. Spruce. 2. Pine. 3.
Cedar pine. 4. Fir. 5. Larch)
find out deciduous trees by leaves and fruits. Number the drawings (1. Oak. 2. Maple. 3. Linden. 4. Ash. 5. Elm).
3). Guess the riddles and solve the crossword puzzle (slides 19-21)
1. Russian beauty, standing in a clearing, in a green blouse, in a white sundress (birch).
2. The squadron sat down on a large colored carpet, then opened and then closed its painted wings (butterflies).
3. I have stilts - the swamps are not scary, will I find frogs - that’s my concern (heron).
4. There are workers in the river: not joiners, not carpenters, but they will build a dam - even paint a picture (beavers).
5. Leaves are falling from the aspen trees, a sharp wedge is rushing in the sky (cranes).
6. There is a cheerful house on a pole, with a small round window so that the children can fall asleep, the house is swaying by the wind, the father is singing on the porch - he is both a pilot and a singer (starling).
7. You injured your leg while hiking, fatigue doesn’t let you walk, bend over: a soldier by the road is ready to help you on your way (plantain)
8. From a branch to a path, from a grass to a blade of grass, a spring jumps - a green back (grasshopper)
9. I show off as a white fluffy ball in a clean field. A light breeze blew and a stem remained (dandelion).
10. This dog’s brother is gray, and the robber is the first (wolf).
V. Summary. Reflection
Let's summarize our lesson.
Try to answer these questions.
Have you learned anything new about yourself today?
What did you find interesting?
What do you remember?
What did you want to know more about?
Let's rate ourselves and our achievements on a scale (Christmas trees are prepared on the board according to the colors of the forest zones)
Well done! Good job on lesson.
VI. Homework
We opened our diaries and wrote down our homework.
2) Notebook page 51-52
Thank you very much for lesson!