Xi Jinping. Illustration: skanaa.com

Passions for an heir and a third presidential term in the Middle Kingdom

Chairman of the People's Republic of China Xi Jinping, appears to have decided to delay choosing China's next leader. It is possible that he will name his successor at the party congress, which will be held at the end of next year, or even after that. This will not only create tension within the Chinese elite, but will no doubt increase rumors that the Chinese leader may try to extend the country's leadership.

Comrade Xi has been promoted

The sixth Plenum of the CPC Central Committee after Xi Jinping came to power at the end of 2012 was held, as usual, behind closed doors. About four hundred members of the Central Committee gathered at a military hotel in western Beijing. They spent four days solving the main problems facing the Middle Kingdom.

According to the Chinese communists, this is now strengthening discipline in the party. The day before, Xi Jinping sent a clear signal to fellow party members. He made it clear that he expected complete loyalty and unquestioning obedience from the nearly nine tens of millions of Chinese communists. On October 21, shortly before the opening of the Plenum, the Chinese president spoke on central television to celebrate the 80th anniversary of the Long March, the two-year march of the Red Army under the command of Mao Zedong. He called for the same devotion and self-sacrifice as many years ago: “In our Long March today, we must strengthen the leadership of the Party and insist on the strictest discipline!”
“Xi firmly believes that the party is the key and the only institution that can cope with the problems facing China,” says sinologist Jude Blanchett, now living in Beijing and working on a book about Mao's legacy. “To realize the Chinese Dream, in her opinion, the complete mobilization of all 89 million communists is necessary, not only in deeds, but also in thoughts.”

The CCP faced lately with many challenges and problems. To prevent the economy from slipping into recession, the government opened the credit taps. However, tens of billions of yuan have fueled real estate bubbles in some regions. The loans also threaten to further increase the already huge debts of corporations and provincial governments. More energetic and aggressive foreign policy Xi and his calls for patriotism have led to rising tensions with neighboring countries and the United States.

The main result of the Sixth Plenum of the CPC Central Committee is that the Chinese Communist Party, apparently, has decided, albeit slowly and cautiously, to move away from the policy of collective leadership that it has adhered to for the past 35 years. On the one hand, the resolution of the Plenum speaks of preserving the principle of collective leadership in the party. On the other hand, it was supplemented by increased individual responsibility and, most importantly, the official appointment of General Secretary Xi Jinping as the “core” of the CPC leadership. Words mean a lot in the Middle Kingdom. The new “title” of Comrade Xi means the further strengthening and centralization of his power in the party and advancement towards the main goal, apparently - the sole leadership of the CPC and the state.

The term "pivot" does not imply any additional powers, but it does show Xi's potential rivals that he is above them, not beside them.

“Receiving the title of ‘pivotal’ leader implies that Xi’s power has become even stronger than it was before the Plenum,” says a sinologist from the University of Nottingham Steve Tsang. “He now has more power than his two predecessors.”
The plenum also approved two documents that talk about strengthening party discipline, Xinhua reports. It's about on tightening the norms and rules of internal party life under new circumstances, as well as on revising documents on measures and methods for checking violations of discipline in the direction of tightening them.

Dangerous path

Xi Jinping wants to create a “cage of rules” that should discourage Chinese communists from taking bribes and deprive them of such an opportunity. The main weapon for strengthening discipline in the party is the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection (CCDI), headed by Wang Qishan, an old and loyal ally of Xi Jinping. It was Xi's CCPD who entrusted the fight against corruption, a war against which he declared immediately after coming to power four years ago. The commission was given such powers that dishonest members of the CCP are now afraid of it like fire. On the eve of the Plenum, Wang Qishan reported on the work done. Over four years, over a million bribe-takers and violators of party discipline have been punished. In October, for example, courts handed down suspended death sentences to three former high-ranking party officials who received tens of millions of dollars in bribes.

However, by expanding the powers of the CCPD, Xi, some China experts believe, has stepped down a dangerous path. “In a country with China’s history,” a law professor and expert on Chinese jurisprudence at New York University told the Wall Street Journal. Fordham Karl Mintzner,“There is a big risk that once you start going down the road, you never know when it will end.”

All of Xi Jinping's predecessors fought against corruption, but no one has ever waged it for so long and with such energy. This policy has some CCP members fearing a return to the dictatorial leadership of the Mao era. There are few open manifestations of discontent, but they exist. At the beginning of this year, for example, a former big businessman, and now a pensioner, questioned the social networks Xi's calls for complete loyalty to the media. The “opportunist” was quickly expelled from the CCP, his comments were deleted, but a number of communists managed to publicly support his position. “The louder the sounds of party propaganda and calls for greater discipline,” says Blanchett, “the more obvious it is that party members do not hear them or ignore them.”

The media, including state media, are forced to admit that the fight against corruption sometimes leads to almost paralysis of local authorities, because officials do not make important decisions for fear that they may be accused of corruption.

The fight against corruption remains popular among ordinary Chinese. A Pew Research Center survey this year found that 83% of respondents in China believe corruption the most important problem facing the country. Two-thirds of survey participants believe that the situation with corruption will improve over the next five years.

Observers, not without reason, have the impression that along with the fight against corruption, the CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection is also fighting dissent in the party and clearing the way for Xi to unlimited power.

State media on the eve of the Plenum hinted at further centralization of power by President Xi. For example, on Monday, the official mouthpiece of the CPC Central Committee, People's Daily, wrote that the party needs to strengthen its "core leadership" and that a country with a one-party system needs a powerful center of power to cope with the challenges it faces. We are talking here, as you might guess, not about collective leadership, but about a strong leader.
On the front page of People's Daily this week there was an article emphasizing that the Celestial Empire will face the same unenviable fate as in its time Soviet Union, if the CCP does not unite around the leadership.

In Chinese politics, “core” refers to the degree of individual responsibility that is not limited by time or other limits or rules. In relation to Xi Jinping, this word began to be used in the PRC in December 2015. It then disappeared, leading political analysts to speculate that Xi had encountered serious resistance. His return to the pages of newspapers and magazines means that resistance has been crushed and that the path to sole leadership appears to be open.

Xi Jinping has become the fourth Chinese leader to be called a “pivot leader.” Before him, there were Mao, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin.

Most Chinese want, or so the Chinese media claim, Xi to become the nation's "pivotal" leader in the mold of Mao Zedong. For example, the People's Tribune magazine, published by the People's Daily newspaper, published this week the results of a survey of more than 15 thousand residents of the Middle Kingdom. The magazine says respondents support calls for "strong, core leadership."

“Xi Jinping’s work as General Secretary of the CPC and his special qualities have received the sincere and heartfelt approval of the vast majority of communists,” the magazine writes, adding that all groups and strata of Chinese society are looking forward to the further strengthening of Comrade Xi’s authority with great impatience and hope.

This month, the CPC Central Committee's main theoretical journal, Qiushi, called Xi the "core" of the party leadership and stressed that a strong leader is needed for China to become a superpower. In mid-October, the national television channel CCTV broadcast an 8-episode documentary on the fight against corruption. The film also commends Xi's closeness to the people and his simple lifestyle, which are cleverly contrasted luxurious life corrupt officials. For example, the authors claim that the Chinese leader's lunch consists of four simple dishes and that he does not drink a drop of alcohol.

Conspiracy against the Prime Minister

Many Sinologists, especially those living outside China, have the impression that Chinese President Xi Jinping is preparing to change the scenario of power transfer that has existed for several decades and postpone the announcement of the name of the successor at least until the CPC Congress, which will be held in a year. The reasons for such a delay lie on the surface. Xi needs time to better vet his candidates and choose the most worthy of them. The choice is complicated by the fact that this person must also be loyal.

Although Xi Jinping's decision on a successor will be known only at the end of 2017, at best, the very suggestion that he might want to end the unofficial procedure and begin a second term without an heir only increases the fears of those who could soar to the top of the political Olympus of the Middle Kingdom or , on the contrary, fall down as a result of personnel shuffling at the top. At the Plenum, preparations began for XIX Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, which will be held in the second half of next year and which will have to solve many important and complex problems. One of them will be the approval of the country’s new leadership, which should come to power in 2022.

Now only one thing is indisputable - that Xi Jinping will receive a mandate for a second five-year term in a year. Everything else regarding the transfer of power will be shrouded in secrecy until the very end of the party forum. Comrade Xi, of course, benefits from this situation, because it gives him additional opportunities to bring as many of his supporters as possible into the new leadership.

Significant changes are coming in the Chinese leadership. Five of the seven members of the Holy of Holies of the Celestial Empire - the Standing Committee of the Politburo must resign due to old age. In China, the unofficial age limit is 68 years. Thus, only 63-year-old Xi and 61-year-old Premier of the State Council will remain in the PC Li Keqiang. The second level of the party elite, the larger Politburo, where almost half of the 25 leaders are expected to retire, will also undergo significant changes.

A separate conversation about Premier Li Keqiang. This summer, rumors of differences between Xi and Li surfaced. Li Keqiang disagreed with economic policy Xi Jinping and created great confusion among officials who did not know whose orders to follow. There were no other signs of disagreement between the president and the prime minister, but it is obvious that Xi managed to weaken the influence and authority of Li, in whom he obviously sees a competitor in the struggle for power.

This summer, by order of the president, the Chinese Komsomol was reorganized. The size and budget of the Chinese Communist Youth League, through which Li Keqiang and many of his supporters passed through, were reduced.

Rumor has it that Xi wants to increase the retirement period for PC members. This will be done in order to allow the main anti-corruption fighter, Wang Qishan, to remain in the highest echelons of power. They say that he can replace Lee as prime minister.

By the way, raising the retirement age is not such a rare thing in China. Party bosses used to work until they were 70 years old. Jiang Zemin lowered the retirement age by two years in 2002 when he needed to get rid of a rival.

Limbo

Most often, the name of a potential successor becomes known by the beginning of the second term of the leader in power. During the two previous transfers of power, the name of the future Secretary General was announced 5 and even 10 years before it. Achieving the consensus of the party elite necessary for his election is accompanied by a sharp behind-the-scenes struggle. The two previous general secretaries had to agree to candidates for successors whom they did not choose. However, Xi’s very energetic anti-corruption campaign and the concentration of enormous power in the party and state in one hand have cast doubt on the idea of ​​collective leadership, which seemed an axiom over the past couple of decades.

“Xi has pursued a strong-leader policy since coming to power,” explains a CCP history specialist at Melbourne's Monash University. Warren Sun. “Naturally, it is naive to expect that he will consider himself bound by some rules, moreover, unofficial ones.”

The delay in announcing the name of a successor will give Xi's favorites time to prove their abilities and loyalty, sinologists say. The more reliable the heir is, the easier it will be for him to maintain power behind the scenes after retirement. The problem for Xi Jinping is that he has too few supporters of the right age, experience and loyalty.
The delay in choosing an heir, which can be compared to limbo for the Chinese elite, could create “serious tension” at the top in the next five years, says the president of the Mercator Institute for Chinese Studies in Berlin. Sebastian Hellmann. “The delay in announcing the name of the successor,” he believes, “can be seen as a veiled attempt by Xi to remain in power for a third term.”

"It's very sensitive issue, a source who frequently communicates with senior Chinese officials confirmed to the New York Times on condition of anonymity. “I don’t think Xi will be willing to make a decision until his favorites have more experience and more vetting.”

The issue of succession of power has already become a kind of litmus test by which one can judge the ambitions of the current Chinese leader. When and, naturally, who will be chosen will show to what extent Xi will be able to change the party's ideas of collective leadership, born after the death of Mao Zedong. The system of transfer of power in China emerged after a long period of political unrest. Her main goal- help organize a predictable, stable and peaceful change of leadership in a one-party state. Any attempt by Xi to change this system will further strengthen his already significant authority and power. On the other hand, however, it can introduce elements of instability into a very fragile balanced system.

“Xi Jinping has released forces that open up a wide range of possibilities,” the NYT commented. David Lampton, professor at the Johns Hopkins School of International Studies. “However, each of them contains risks and threats. The reality is that America's new president needs to be prepared for a broader range of realities in China."

Risk of collision with others high-ranking officials and Xi's retired predecessors may yet force him to name a successor next year. "Achieved at at the moment Comrade Xi may cause dissatisfaction with the authorities, he believes Susan Shirk, Chairman of the China in the 21st Century Program at the University of California at San Diego. “I don’t think Xi will want to further increase the risk of confrontation.”

It has long been known that making forecasts regarding the transfer of power in the Middle Kingdom is always an extremely thankless task. And yet... If Xi is forced to name a successor, then it could well be one of the youngest members of the Politburo, a former minister agriculture, and now the secretary of the Chongqing Party organization Song Zhenkai. But we must remember that Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping rejected the successors they had already appointed, which caused instability in the party and society. Hu Jintao, on the other hand, spent a full ten years as the officially chosen and approved successor. However, this did not help him, as secretary general, lead a team dominated by people appointed by his predecessor Jiang.

It's better to be first in the village than second in Rome

Of course, the name of the successor is very important, but even more intriguing to political scientists is the version that Xi Jinping will want to remain in power after the expiration of his second term in 2022. According to the Constitution, the post of Chairman of the People's Republic of China cannot be held for more than two terms. However, there are no restrictions regarding the much more important post - the General Secretary of the Communist Party of the People's Republic of China. There is, however, an unofficial limit - two terms of five years, which, like the collective leadership of the party elite, was introduced by Deng in the 1990s to prevent the emergence of another lifelong dictator like Mao.

Xi, it is possible, will want to raise his status from first among equals to the sole leader of the party. “Not since the days of Mao have we seen such consolidation and centralization of power as under Xi Jinping,” he commented on the situation for CNBC Jeff Raby, former ambassador Australia in the PRC, and now chairman of the board and director of a consulting firm operating in Beijing.

Xi Jinping has concentrated significantly more power in his hands than his predecessors, even if not combined. He now personally runs the military and the economy and controls the vast majority of other levers of power by relegating decision-making to special committees that he himself chairs. As part of the fight against corruption, Xi asked Wang Qishan to also repress those officials and businessmen who deviate from the “party line,” that is, are his potential or real rivals.

Whether supporters of collective leadership are worried in vain or not, time will tell. “Now he (Xi) is worried, of course, about next autumn,” says Christopher Johnson, senior analyst at the Center for Strategic International Studies in Washington. “But even if he does not rush to announce an heir, this will not mean that he has decided to remain in power forever.”

Be that as it may, it is premature to talk about Xi’s final victory, experts say. “He undoubtedly won the decisive battle, but it’s too early to celebrate victory,” I’m sure Minxin Pei, a professor at McKenna College in Claremont. - Yes, his rivals or those who fear the rise to power of a leader who will not be restrained by the rules of collective leadership did not object to the new title. But giving a title and making decisive concessions on the transfer of power are not the same thing.”

“Xi has not yet become a truly strong leader,” agrees Steve Tsang. “He is in an advantageous position, but it is not so advantageous that he will dictate the terms of next year’s party congress, where a struggle will unfold between him and his opponents to put your allies in the highest positions."

Sergey Manukov, especially for

The place of Chinese President Hu Jintao, who was in power for 10 years, will be taken by his deputy Xi Jinping. The “change of generations” at the XVIII Congress of the Communist Party of China was called the main political event of the fall. Xi Jinping has a reputation as an unapologetic fighter against corruption and a supporter of reform. He will lead China for the next 10 years. His short biography And track record- below.

Xi Jinping is a representative of the fifth generation of Chinese leaders. His name can be translated as “bringer of peace” or “peacemaker.”

Born in 1953 in the family of a prominent Chinese revolutionary who repeatedly held high positions. People like him are sometimes called princes in China, although his origins did not make his life easier, quite the opposite. My father was repressed several times. And after he was imprisoned, 15-year-old Xi was sent to work in one of the agricultural communes.

However, there he managed to advance - he joined the Komsomol, and then the CCP, and became the secretary of the primary cell.

From 1975 to 1979, Xi studied chemical engineering at the prestigious Tsinghua University.

Since 1982, he has been at party work in Hebei Province, deputy secretary of the county committee.

Since 1985 he has been working in Fujian Province. Starts as vice mayor large city Xiamen, rises to governor and deputy secretary of the provincial party committee. Attracts investments, including from Taiwan, and shows itself as a supporter of a market economy.

From 2002 to 2007, he worked in the economically important province of Zhejiang, where he became secretary of the provincial CCP committee and chairman of the local people's congress. Increased economic growth rates to 14% per year. He became known throughout the country thanks to the fight against corruption in government structures.

2007-2008 – secretary of the city committee in the country’s key metropolis, Shanghai. From that moment on, he was considered one of the fifth generation of Chinese leaders.

Since 2007 – member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee. Responsible for preparing for Olympic Games in Beijing, in charge of Hong Kong and Macau affairs. Rector of the Higher Party School. In program articles he emphasizes the need for party unity and the fight against all actions that could lead to its split.

Since 2008, Xi Jinping has become Deputy Chairman of the People's Republic of China, and since 2010 - Deputy Chairman of the Central Military Council of the CPC Central Committee. After this, analysts confidently called him the main candidate for the highest post in the country.

Foreign leaders describe Xi as open and pragmatic. There were practically no open conflicts or confrontations in his career.

The politician is married for the second time to singer Peng Liyuan. For a long time she was better known to the general public than her politician husband. Their daughter is studying at Harvard University.

Xi Jinping(习近平 Xí Jìnpíng June 1, 1953) - Chinese statesman and politician, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chairman of the Central Military Council of the CPC Central Committee since November 15, 2012, since 2008 he has served as Deputy Chairman of the People's Republic of China. Candidate member of the 15th CPC Central Committee (1997-2002), member of the 16th-17th CPC Central Committee (since 2002), member of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the 17th CPC Central Committee (since 2007 G.). Xi Jinping is one of the most dignitaries in the Chinese political system. He became the successor to the current Chairman of the People's Republic of China, Hu Jintao, who left his post on November 15, 2012.

Biography

Xi Jinping was born on June 1, 1953 in Fuping County, Shanxi Province. His father, Xi Zhongxun (1913-2002), a Chinese revolutionary who belonged to the first generation of leaders of the People's Republic of China, served as Vice-Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China (1959-1965), Governor of Guangdong Province (1979-1981) and Deputy Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Xi Jinping began labor activity in 1969. In 1974 he joined the Chinese Communist Party. Graduate of a postgraduate course of correspondence study in the specialty “Marxist theory and ideological and political education” at the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tsinghua University, Doctor of Law.

• In 1969-1975 - after graduation high school member of the workers' organization and secretary of the party organization of the Liangjiahe Brigade of Wenanyi Commune in Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province.
• In 1975-1979 - student of the Faculty of Chemical Technology of Tsinghua Polytechnic University.
• In 1979-1982 - Secretary of the Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China and the Office of the Central Military Council of the People's Republic of China.
• In 1982-1983 - Deputy Secretary of the CPC Committee of Zhengding County, Hebei Province.
• In 1983-1985. - Secretary of the CPC Committee of Zhengding County, Hebei Province.
• In 1985-1988 - Vice Mayor of Xiamen, Fujian Province.
• In 1988-1990 - Secretary of the CPC Committee of Ningde County, Fujian Province.
• In 1990-1993 - Secretary of the CPC Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the People's Congress of Fuzhou, Fujian Province.
• In 1993-1995. - Member of the Standing Committee of the Fujian Provincial Committee of the CPC, Secretary of the CPC Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fuzhou People's Congress of Fujian Province.
• In 1995-1996 - Deputy Secretary of the Fujian Provincial CPC Committee, Secretary of the CPC Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Fuzhou People's Congress.
• In 1996-1999 - Deputy Secretary of the CPC Committee of Fujian Province.
• In 1999-2000 - Deputy Secretary of the CPC Committee, Acting Governor of Fujian Province.
• In 1998-2002 - postgraduate student in a correspondence course in the specialty “Marxist theory and ideological and political education” at the Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences of Tsinghua University. In 2000-2002 - Deputy Secretary of the CPC Committee and Governor of Fujian Province.
• In 2002 - Deputy Secretary of the CPC Committee, as well as acting. O. Governor of Zhejiang Province.
• In 2002-2003 - Secretary of the CPC Committee, as well as acting. O. Governor of Zhejiang Province.
• In 2003-2007 - Secretary of the CPC Committee and Chairman of the Standing Committee of the Zhejiang Provincial People's Congress.
• In 2007-2008 - Secretary of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the CPC.
• Since 2007 - member of the Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee.
• Since 2008 - Deputy Chairman of the People's Republic of China.
• Since Oct. 2010 - Deputy Chairman of the Military Council of the CPC Central Committee.
• Since November 15, 2012 - General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. Chairman of the Military Council of the CPC Central Committee.

“The name of the future head of the Celestial Empire has been known since the second half of the 2000s. This is Xi Jinping, a member of the Standing Committee of the Politburo of the CPC Central Committee and Deputy Chairman of the People's Republic of China. Officially, it is not said anywhere that he will soon occupy the highest positions. However, Xi's current positions predetermine his future rise. This was finally clarified in October 2010, when at the party plenum Xi Jinping was approved as Deputy Chairman of the Military Council of the CPC Central Committee,” noted Dr. Science Alexander Lomanov (“Russia in Global Affairs”, 04/19/2011).

On March 16, 2012, the Qiushi magazine published a report by the Deputy Chairman of the People's Republic of China and the Rector of the Higher Party School, Xi Jinping, in which the issue of unity was given the main attention; according to him, it is necessary to “consciously maintain the unity of the Party, resolutely fight against all actions that are harmful and split the Party " Xi Jinping became General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. The decision to elect him was made by the participants of the first plenum of the 18th convocation of the CPC Central Committee held on November 15, 2012. It is expected that in March 2013, following the session of the National People's Congress of China, Xi Jinping will take the highest government post - Chairman of the People's Republic of China.

Family

Xi Jinping's first marriage was in the early 1980s to Ke Lingling, the daughter of China's ambassador to Britain, Ke Hua. Since 1987, Xi Jinping's wife has been the famous Chinese singer Peng Liyuan (born 1962). Daughter Xi Mingdi (born 1992) is a Harvard student under an assumed name.

Xi Jinping (习近平） - Chairman of the People's Republic of China, "big daddy" of the Chinese people, whose name is always pronounced with respect and honor.Many people know only superficial facts about him, so we have prepared for you a biography of the life of the great Chinese leader.

Childhood and youth

Xi Jinping is a member of the ancient Chinese Han ethnic group, one of the most purebred ethnic groups in China.

He was born in Shaanxi province in 1953 in the family of one of the officials close to Mao Zedong. That is why many historians attribute him to the “party of princes” - the hereditary Chinese party leaders.

Until the age of 9, little Xi Jinping had a childhood that many of his peers dreamed of, but in 1962 everything suddenly changed dramatically. His father was accused of treason and exiled to Henan Province, where he was detained until 1976. In 1969, the life of Xi Jinping himself was touched by difficulties - he was sent to one of the poorest villages in China, Yanchuan, for “re-education”, so that he would not learn anything “bad” from his father.

It was here that the young Xi Jinping experienced some of the hardest years of his life, years of unbearable physical labor and poverty. Si lived in a cave, slept on a thin blanket on bricks, ate not what he wanted, but what he had.

It was this period of his life that tempered the personality of the ruler of the PRC, shaped his beliefs and set him on the path of the “red communist banner.” Thanks to 7 years of hard labor, the future President of China Xi Jingping subsequently received the nickname “people’s leader”, since who else but him could be closer to ordinary people China, which for centuries experienced food shortages and difficult living conditions.

In 1974, although his father was still in prison, Xi Jinping was accepted into the Communist Party.

In 1975, thanks to his phenomenal mental abilities, Xi entered the most prestigious university in China - Tsinghua, Faculty of Chemical Technology.

By the time he graduates from university, his father is released from prison and quickly falls into the mainstream. political events countries. In 1978, under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, Xi's father became governor of Guangdong Province.

Xi Jinping's career

In 1982, Xi Jinping became secretary of the Chinese Minister of Defense, but soon he asked to be sent to work in the CCP committee of Zhengding County, Hebei Province. Having shown good results there as a manager, Xi Jinping brought large revenues to the state treasury by increasing the tourist flow to the province.

Over the next 10 years, Xi Jinping worked as vice mayor of Xiamen, secretary of the CPC Committee of Ningde County in Fujian Province, and secretary of the Fuzhou City Committee of the CPC.

In 2000, Xi was elected governor of Fujian Province. Having established good economic relations with local businessmen, he was able to attract large investments in the development of the region, which did not go unnoticed in party circles.

In 2002, Xi Jinping joined the Central Committee PDA.In the same year he was elected governor of Zhejiang Province.

It is impossible not to note the intolerance of Chinese leader Xi towards corruption, which is uncharacteristic for politicians. He has always been the face and prototype of the modern communist elite.

Family

The first wife of Chinese President Xi Jinping was the daughter of the Chinese Ambassador to Great Britain, Ke Hua, but after being married for about 20 years, their union broke up due to Ke Hua’s desire to build her life outside the People’s Republic of China. In 1987, the famous Chinese singer Peng Liyuan became the wife of the “President of China”.

Xi Jinping and Peng Liyuan had a daughter in 1992. She is currently finishing her studies at Harvard.

Hobbies

Chinese President Xi Jinping, in his spare time from work, enjoys reading, tourism, and watching Hollywood films.

The Chinese leader's favorite sports are swimming, football and mountaineering.

It can be noted that the Chinese really love their leader of state and, in general, fully support his policies. Let us wish further success to Pope Xi in the PRC's struggle for world domination!

Xi Jinping is the President of the People's Republic of China, a talented politician and a man who is called the “big daddy” of the Chinese people. Last fact perfectly demonstrates the respect with which ordinary citizens treat their leader. And this is no coincidence - Xi Jinping is famous for his intransigence towards corruption and his rather progressive opinion about public administration.

Childhood and youth

The biography of Xi Jinping starts from ancient people China called Khan. The future politician was born in Beijing in June 1953. Politician's birthday various sources is indicated differently: according to one information, it is June 1, according to another - the 15th. In China itself, it is customary to indicate only the month and year of birth.

Xi Jinping's father, Xi Zhongxun, until the 1960s was part of a group of close associates of the ruler of the Celestial Empire. Thanks to his father's post, Xi Jinping's childhood was cloudless, but in 1962 the situation changed dramatically. Xi Zhongxun was exiled to Henan Province, accused of treason. The boy was sent to another province - Yanchuan, so that he would not pick up seditious thoughts from his father.

Xi Jinping (left) with his father and brother

This torture lasted seven years and strengthened the character of the future politician, shaping further communist ideas. Xi Jinping understood as well as possible the fate of the common people, who in those years, like Xi Jinping himself, had difficulty making ends meet.

In 1975, Xi Jingping entered Tsinghua University, which is considered the most prestigious in China. The young man chose the chemical technology department. However, Xi Jinping never had the opportunity to work in his specialty.

Policy

Xi Jinping's political journey began in 1974, when young man accepted into the ranks of the Communist Party. The young man proved himself excellent, and his career in politics quickly took off. Already in 1982, Xi Jinping took the post of secretary to the country's defense minister, and after some time he was transferred to Zhengding County, appointing him as manager of the local party committee.

Xi Jinping also showed excellent results there. He succeeded in improving the tourism potential of Zhengding and attracting tourists. The result was an improvement in the financial situation of Hebei Province.

In the following years, the politician constantly changed his field of activity. Xi Jinping has worked as vice mayor of Xiamen, secretary of the Fuzhou City Committee and secretary of the Fujian Provincial Party Committee. In 2000, Xi Jinping was elected governor of Fujian. The reign of Xi Jinping is considered to be the heyday of the province: the politician managed to attract investments from serious Chinese businessmen to this region.

Two years later, Xi Jinping joined the party's Central Committee and also received the post of governor of Zhejiang province. Already in those years, the politician established himself as an irreconcilable fighter against corruption, which earned him the trust and respect of the people.

The year 2006 was remembered in China by a loud scandal: Chen Lanyu, secretary of the Shanghai Party Committee, was convicted of misuse of funds pension fund. Chen Lanyu's post passed to Xi Jinping, who again lived up to the trust.

A year later, the 17th Congress of the Communist Party of China took place, at which Xi Jinping was appointed a member of the Politburo Standing Committee. And a year later, in 2008, Xi Jinping was appointed to the post of Deputy Chairman of the People's Republic of China.

Power did not seem to corrupt Xi Jinping. Despite the fact that the politician was entrusted with many important issues (preparation for the 2008 Olympics, leadership of the central party school, visits to foreign countries, preparation of reports and speeches), Xi Jinping remained committed to the principles of integrity.

Leader of China

Such brilliant successes could not go unnoticed: in 2012, at the next congress of the Party Central Committee, Xi Jinping was elected general secretary Communist Party of the country.

The new leader of China began his reign with a powerful speech in which he formulated the principles of the so-called Chinese Dream - goals that he planned to realize in the coming years. Thus, by 2021, China plans to achieve universal average prosperity, and by 2049, the Celestial Empire should be included in the list of advanced countries.

At first, such global plans caused skeptical smiles among foreign politicians and even among Xi Jinping’s associates, but time has shown that the Chinese leader seriously intends to achieve his goals.

During Xi's reign, Jinping has already implemented many reforms. Thus, the politician initiated the creation of personal receptions for deputies, as well as Internet sites for governing structures. China's banking structure has also undergone changes: under Xi Jinping, the creation of private banks has become possible, a clear deposit insurance scheme has emerged, and free trade zones have been formed.

The social sphere also did not go unnoticed by the Secretary General of China. Xi Jinping paid a lot of attention to programs for relocating rural residents to cities. In addition to housing, the politician provided people with medical care and full pensions. Xi Jinping has greatly made the lives of disabled people, orphans and other people in difficult situations easier by providing them with benefits and targeted payments.

Xi Jinping is also credited with allowing some families to have more than one child. It is worth recalling that previously in China, married couples were allowed to have only one child, which, due to a number of traditions and beliefs, led to illiterate villagers simply killing newborn girls. Urban women tried to find out the gender of the child in advance and got rid of female babies.

Now, thanks to the efforts of the Chinese leader, families can have two children if one of the spouses is the only child in the family.

In addition, under Xi Jinping, access has opened up for foreign capital in the fields of culture, medicine, and construction - areas previously closed to interaction with foreign investors.

I haven't forgotten general secretary and the creation of protected reserves. Now China rightfully ranks first in the list of countries with developed domestic tourism. Residents of the Middle Kingdom love to travel. Travel to China interesting places Traveling in your own country is considered no less prestigious than traveling abroad.

Such changes did not take long to have a positive impact on the Chinese economy and on the standard of living of the country's citizens. Xi Jinping began to be called one of the most talented world leaders. The politician himself makes no secret of own approaches to governing the country. In 2014, Xi Jinping released his own book, in which he detailed the ideals that every leader of the state should strive for.

Personal life

Charismatic and tall (Xi Jinping's height is 180 cm), the politician has always been interesting to women. Xi Jinping's first wife is his daughter Chinese Ambassador in the UK Ke Linglin. Unfortunately, this marriage lasted only three years: the couple divorced due to misunderstandings and disagreements.

In 1987, the politician married again. This time, Xi Jinping's lucky chosen one was the beautiful Peng Liyuan, a popular singer in China whose repertoire mostly consists of war songs. It is noteworthy that the wife of the Chinese leader has military rank Major General. It is known that due to Peng Liyuan’s busy touring schedule, the couple often live separately.

In 1992, his wife gave Xi Jinping a daughter, who was named Xi Mingze. In 2010, the girl entered Harvard University, where she studied under a pseudonym so as not to reveal her origin and not attract undue attention from fellow students.

Free time Xi Jinping prefers to spend his time reading books or traveling. The politician is also interested in football and mountain tourism.

Xi Jinping now

In the fall of 2017, photos of Xi Jinping appeared on the front pages of news publications around the world. Politics in once again re-elected to his post. , as well as the leaders of other countries, considered it their duty to congratulate the Chinese leader on this event.

Xi Jinping, in turn, noted that he still intends to maintain mutually beneficial relations with Russia. In addition, during the last BRICS summit, the politician announced his intention to support cooperation in the field of security.

In China, Xi Jinping plans to continue systematic movement towards the cherished Chinese dream.

Awards

• 2014 - Order of "José Martí"
• 2015 - Order of Pakistan 1st class
• 2015 - Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Leopold I
• 2017 - Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called