Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in autumn, winter, spring and summer: description.

Autumn is the golden time of the year, which comes immediately after the hot and sunny summer. Little children notice dramatic changes, both in the weather and in their attitude towards themselves. With the onset of autumn, the scorching rays of the sun replace rainy days, the trees begin to shed their leaves, and the grass turns yellow. Thus, nature is preparing for the onset of cold weather and winter.

Autumn signs of autumn in living and inanimate nature: list

For many schoolchildren, autumn is associated with a new beginning. school year, at this time the children meet with their friends and classmates, and dressed in school uniform go to gain new knowledge.

There are the following signs of the onset of autumn:

• Surely the kids noticed when autumn came, the sun had disappeared somewhere, and the sky was covered with clouds. Even in sunny weather, it is no longer so warm outside (you can tell by the way people start dressing). Light T-shirts and dresses are replaced by jackets and jeans, and with the onset of October-December, many people wear coats and jackets.
• Despite the fact that summer is hot, there are, of course, windy weather. But it’s more pleasing, because when a warm breeze blows, it’s refreshing. But strong gusts of wind in autumn time, not so pleasant anymore, because it’s blowing cold wind with such force that it tears leaves from trees.
• Autumn is characterized by frequent fogs, and mothers begin to monitor weather changes, because in autumn the weather often changes, and dressing correctly is very important at such a time, because... It's very easy to get sick. By the way, with climate change, many children begin to get colds, which is rarely seen in the summer.
• The coming autumn can be seen in the plants, for example, how grapes or currants turn red, chestnuts and many other trees and shrubs turn yellow. In September it is already possible to collect fallen maple leaves. They are often used to make appliques or various bouquets. But according to coniferous trees It is impossible to determine the onset of the autumn period, because such trees are green both in summer and winter.

• You can determine weather changes by watching animals. For example, most birds hide from the cold by flying to warmer regions. Of course, there are those who are not afraid of the cold - these are pigeons, crows and sparrows. But heat-loving birds, sensing the onset of rainy autumn, immediately fly far to the south with their chicks.
• There are animals that hibernate, such as bears, raccoons, badgers, hedgehogs and many others, especially those that live in minks. The hare, fox and squirrels change their color, making it easier for them to camouflage themselves from predators. As you know, squirrels are very thrifty - so they prepare a lot of nuts and acorns for the winter, which they will feed on throughout the cold weather. And they collect food in the fall, when nuts and acorns are ripe. This can also be observed.
• Pesky flies, mosquitoes and many insects also hide with the onset of the slightest cold weather.
• Why has the day become shorter? This also characterizes autumn. If the sun sets earlier than usual, then you can expect the onset of cold days. It's a sign of autumn in inanimate nature.
• Getting closer to winter, you can see frost in the mornings. These are small particles of dew that have frozen on the leaves and surfaces in an uneven, prickly layer.
• There is even ice in the fall; this often happens at the end of November, when the air temperature reaches sub-zero values. By this time people are already wearing hats, gloves and scarves. The weather promises that winter is just around the corner.

Autumn is very bright and beautiful time year, the roads are covered with a golden “blanket”, you can watch beautiful landscapes and birds flying away to warmer climes. Even though the weather is rainy in autumn, it gives us the opportunity to observe the beauty of nature.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in autumn: description of observations

On the territory of our country one can often observe changes in the weather and nature, which “adjusts” to the coming changes. Many of the phenomena that we observe are associated specifically with the seasons and are therefore called seasonal. One of the most beautiful times of the year is autumn.

During this period, nature is painted with golden colors, all animals and plants are preparing for the cold winter and you can observe the most amazing changes and phenomena. Autumn is characterized by the following main changes:

• Fogs. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that the earth heats up during the day, and at night the temperature is already below zero, so fog, dew and even frost are observed with sunrise
• Shower. Autumn is associated with rainy weather, and it is during this period that heavy rains- in other words, rain
• Wind. It is in the fall that when you go outside you can encounter strong gusts of wind, which are often accompanied by rain or even hail.
• It gets dark earlier
• Cloudy weather
• You can see thin ice on ponds and puddles, but standing on it, much less playing on it, is very dangerous; it’s better to wait until winter
• The onset of winter can also be characterized by “Indian” summer. During this period, a heavy milky fog falls to the ground, filling the air with dampness.
• At the end of autumn, rainy weather is diluted by light snowfall, after which there is often ice

This is a characteristic of inanimate nature that can be observed in the fall, but changes in living nature include:

• Animals such as fox, squirrel and hare change their color
• Many animals hibernate in late autumn
• Birds fly to warmer climes
• Insects also hide from the cold weather; you will no longer see butterflies and ladybugs, the whistle of grasshoppers cannot be heard, bees do not buzz and do not pollinate plants, mosquitoes and flies are also becoming less common
• Leaf fall. This is the first sign of what's coming Golden autumn. The castings turn yellow, and with a strong gust of wind, trees and bushes are freed from them. All roads are covered with a beautiful golden carpet

Autumn is a wonderful time of year that prepares nature and people for the cold frosty winter. This time gives us a break from the hot and stuffy summer days. But the first ones who begin to respond to climate changes are plants. Berries and vegetables are fully ripening, and the trees are dressed in golden foliage.

Winter signs of winter in living and inanimate nature: list

In anticipation of the New Year, many children know that the luxurious time of year has arrived - winter. Gifts, holidays and Father Frost and the Snow Maiden are not all indicators that winter has come. Of course, it comes a month earlier - December 1st. This is a fabulous time when you can play in the snow and sculpt a Snow Woman, we see stunning drawings on the windows, and there is beautiful snowy weather outside.

In anticipation of the onset of winter, we are all waiting for a fairy tale, wish fulfillment and magic. This is how we associate cold winter. But these are not all the indicators by which one can determine the onset of such a wonderful period:

• Firstly, everyone dresses warmly enough. A down jacket or fur coat is used as outerwear, people wear warm gloves and hats, and in very “severe” weather - huge scarves and thermal underwear. It is very important to dress as warmly as possible in such cold weather, because you can easily catch a cold and miss the entire winter holidays
• Snowfall is also the main characteristic of the winter period.
• The winter sky is quite heavy and seems to hang right above your head. There is moisture and frosty freshness in the air
• Ice. Walking or driving in winter is very dangerous; for convenience, many people wear snowshoes, and their cars are “changed” to winter tires. After all, it’s very easy to slip, and worse, to injure your leg or arm.

• If it blows strong wind and snow falls, it turns out to be a blizzard. It’s very exciting to watch such weather from the window, but if you get caught in a strong wind with snow, it’s quite unpleasant
• As children, we all really loved icicles. And this is another sign of winter. In other words, an icicle is a cone-shaped piece of ice that can most often be found on roofs or trees.
• Animals, birds and insects, unfortunately, can be found very rarely, because birds fly away to warmer climes, animals hibernate, and insects hide from the severe frosts that are typical for winter
• Days are much shorter than nights

Despite the cold temperatures and snowstorms, winter is a wonderful time; many games can only be played thanks to the snow that only falls in winter. Skiing, sledding, snowboarding, playing snowballs or sculpting various figures out of snow - these are very exciting and educational activities that are possible only in winter. Therefore, the winter holidays should not be spent sitting in front of a computer monitor, but rather have a great time free time with friends or with family.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in winter: description of observations

Nature is everything that surrounds us and is created by human hands. Conditionally, nature can be divided into living and nonliving. The first group includes plants, animals, fungi, humans, and microbes. But to inanimate nature: the sun, air, stars, soil, precipitation, etc.

In winter, summer, autumn and spring, all phenomena change smoothly, and this is how we can determine the seasons of the year. Winter is the coldest time of the year, but this is also the most beautiful time. Season opens in winter fun games snowball fights, children ride on slides and sleds, make a snow woman, and most importantly, everyone is looking forward to a fabulous New Year. This time can be determined by the following signs:

• Snow is more often observed in the form of precipitation. Snowflakes fall to the ground either independently or in flakes. And also only in winter you can see snowfall - this is heavy snowfall
• Blizzard and blizzard
• Ice. Of course, all kids love to skate, but this activity is quite dangerous, so you can only play on the ice if accompanied by adults
• Icicles can be found on the roofs of houses and tree branches. Therefore, you need to be careful, and it is better not to walk under houses, because if the temperature gets higher, the icicle can easily melt and fall
• Santa Claus decorates the windows with beautiful patterns
• All rivers and lakes are covered with a thick layer of ice, which is called freeze-up

The following changes can be found in living nature:

• Many animals change their color, such as the hare, squirrel and fox
• Bears and hedgehogs hibernate
• Bullfinches and tits arrive and replace the bulk of the birds
• People dress in warm clothes

When the snow begins to melt and the patterns on the windows disappear, the sun begins to warm up, and the days become longer - then winter begins to gradually transition into another season - spring. What other signs of the spring season there are are described in the next paragraph.

Spring signs of spring in living and inanimate nature: list

Spring is associated with new life, because during this period the earth wakes up from hibernation, nature begins to bloom, the first still very green petals and bunches appear. This is the most wonderful time, the sun is brighter and the sky is clear, and there is freshness in the air.

You can understand exactly when spring begins very easily, there is a large number of phenomena and processes that characterize such a season, for example:

• The first green flowers appear
• Animals wake up from hibernation
• Bunnies, squirrels and foxes again change the color of their coats, so they camouflage themselves with their environment. Many animals begin to shed
• Buds appear, and from them - flowers
• You can hear the singing of birds returning from warmer climes
• Spring is the time for the birth of a new generation in animals
• Birds begin to build nests

From inanimate nature:

• The first is the melting of snow
• Streams begin to gurgle
• In winter there are practically no thunderstorms, but in spring you can encounter such a phenomenon
• Ice drift - this phenomenon occurs because the ice begins to melt and smoothly moves along the rivers

If you watch what people do, you can also see changes. Spring is considered the time of cleaning, because after winter it is worth cleaning your home. Also, preparations are underway to plant a vegetable garden, especially if a person lives in a rural area.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in spring: description of observations

After cold winter, everyone is looking forward to warmer days. Literally from the very first days of spring, the sun's rays begin to warm up, and at the same time flowers appear, the grass turns green, the trees bloom, and the birds begin to sing. In other words, the Earth comes to life again and wakes up.

• The first sign is the snow is melting. The icicles melt and gradually disappear beautiful patterns from the windows.
• The day is getting longer.
• If in winter there are often leaden clouds, and the sky is gray and dull, then in spring the sky becomes lighter, the clouds disperse and the sky becomes clean and clear.
• Plants also react to the arrival of spring and demonstrate this by the appearance of green leaves, buds, spruce and alder blooming young cones. Flowers gradually bloom, bees and other insects appear.

• Spring is also associated with the fluffy “seals” of the willow tree; they are carried to church on Palm Sunday. Also, one of the most important spring holidays is March 8th. This is International Women's Day, and flowers such as tulips are considered a symbol.
• The birds are flying home again, and this can be heard from the beautiful singing. Swallows begin to build nests and have offspring.
• Animals change their warm clothes to lighter ones. At the same time, the color of the coat itself.
• People also change their wardrobe, hiding fur coats, warm hats and boots until next winter.

Vienna also has more exciting activities, for example, closer to the May holidays, many go fishing, pick mushrooms, start grilling kebabs and relax a lot in nature, enjoying the beautiful nature.

Summer signs of summer in living and inanimate nature: list

Of course, all children know when summer begins, because... after a difficult school year, the long-awaited summer holidays. That's why summer is the best favorite time per year. Many go to visit their grandmothers or to a resort with their parents. The sea, the beach and a lot of fun await every child. But this is not the only indicator that summer has come; there are also such changes in living and inanimate nature, for example:

• Weather. The wind is dry, the temperature is high, so even the nights in summer are quite warm. But if the day is very hot and the sky is clear as a tear, at one moment it can start raining with a thunderstorm, after which you can often see a rainbow
• In the morning you can find dew on the leaves and grass
• Winds can be strong with variable gusts and frequent changes of direction

The hot days of summer are diluted by rainy weather, and summer rain is divided into several types:

1. Ordinary
2. Short term. It is also called blind or mushroom, accompanied by sunny weather
3. Shower. It starts suddenly. For very a short time A large amount of water falls out. Accompanied by wind and thunder
4. City-shaped. Along with the water droplets, hail particles also fall out. They flow powerfully and quickly, which consequently negatively affects agriculture

• The grass is bright green
• In summer, berries and fruits ripen, flowers bloom
• Already at the beginning of summer you can collect mushrooms after the rain

In summer, people dress quite lightly, wear sunglasses and hats that protect them from the hot weather. sun rays. IN agriculture Summer is a very important period; agronomists and landowners are cultivating the soil, looking after their gardens, picking berries and preserving them for the winter.

Objects and phenomena of living and inanimate nature in summer: description of observations

Using the textbook “The World around us”, children starting from the second grade can become familiar with various anomalies and changes environment. All these changes change smoothly along with the seasons of the year, which is why they are often called seasonal.

The main objects and phenomena that can be encountered in the summer are:

• Hot weather
• Strong gusts of warm wind
• Rains, after which you can collect mushrooms
• Thunder is a sound phenomenon that is often accompanied by lightning
• After the rain a rainbow appears
• In the morning you can observe such a phenomenon as dew.
• The plants are dressed in green petals, there is a scent of flowers, and the fruits are ripening
• You can hear birds singing, bees buzzing and crickets ringing
• The day is longer than the night and you can watch the beautiful stars through the clear and clear sky.

Each season of the year is unique and beautiful in its own way:

• In autumn, all nature, plants, animals and people prepare for the cold. Trees turn yellow and shed their leaves, animals make provisions for the winter, change color, and some are preparing for hibernation. Birds fly to warmer climes, and insects hide. People take out warm clothes and umbrellas, collect ripe fruits and wait for frost.
• Winter is the time for snow-white fairy tales and fun games in the snow. The entire surface of the earth is covered with a thick layer of snow and ice. With the beginning of winter, children and adults are looking forward to the New Year holidays.
• In spring, the earth wakes up from its winter sleep, everything around blossoms, and a fresh aroma soars in the air. Birds return, animals also change their coats and crawl out of their burrows and continue their offspring. You can already find insects, birds and midges. And people are slowly planting vegetable gardens and orchards and preparing for the hot summer.
• Summer is my favorite time of year, because... The long-awaited vacation begins. Finally, you can enjoy warm days, soak up the sun and swim in the sea. Already at the beginning of summer you can savor delicious berries and fruits. In the summer you can pick mushrooms, go to the forest to pick flowers and relax in the fresh air.

Video: Living and inanimate nature - objects and phenomena, educational for children

Seasonal periodicity is one of the most common phenomena in living nature. It is especially pronounced in temperate and northern latitudes. Based on outwardly simple and familiar to us seasonal phenomena In the world of organisms lie complex adaptive reactions of a rhythmic nature, which have been elucidated relatively recently.

Seasonality in nature

As an example, consider the seasonal periodicity in central regions our country. Here, the annual temperature variation is of leading importance for plants and animals. The period favorable for life lasts about six months.
Signs of spring appear as soon as the snow begins to melt. Some willows, alders, and hazels begin to bloom before their leaves have even bloomed; in the thawed areas, even through the snow, the sprouts of the first spring plants are breaking through; migratory birds arrive; Overwintered insects appear.

In mid-summer, despite favorable temperatures and plenty of precipitation, the growth of many plants slows down or stops completely. The number of flowering plants decreases. Bird breeding ends. The second half of summer and early autumn is the period of ripening of fruits and seeds in most plants and accumulation of nutrients in their tissues. At this time, signs of preparation for winter are already visible. In birds and mammals it begins autumn molt, migratory birds gather in flocks.
Even before the arrival of stable frosts, a period of winter dormancy begins in nature.

State of winter dormancy

Winter dormancy is not just a cessation of development caused by low temperature, but a very complex physiological adaptation. In each species, the state of winter dormancy occurs only at a certain stage of development. Thus, in plants (depending on the species), seeds, aboveground and underground parts with dormant buds overwinter, and in some herbaceous plants, basal leaves overwinter. At different stages of development, winter dormancy occurs in insects. Malaria mosquito and wren butterflies overwinter in the adult insect stage, cabbage butterflies - in the pupal stage, and gypsy moth - in the egg stage.

The overwintering stages of plants and animals have many similar physiological features. The metabolic rate is significantly reduced. The tissues of organisms in a state of winter dormancy contain many reserve nutrients, especially fats and carbohydrates, due to which reduced metabolic processes are maintained during wintering. Usually the amount of water in tissues decreases, especially in seeds and winter buds of plants. Thanks to all these features, the resting stages are able to survive harsh wintering conditions for a long time.

Causes of biological rhythms. Photoperiodism

In the process of evolution, each species has developed a characteristic annual cycle of intensive growth and development, reproduction, preparation for winter and wintering. This phenomenon is called biological rhythm. The coincidence of each period of the life cycle with the corresponding time of year is crucial for the existence of the species.

The most noticeable connection of all physiological phenomena in the body is with the seasonal variation of temperature. But although it affects the speed of life processes, it still does not serve as the main regulator of seasonal phenomena in nature. Biological processes of preparation for winter begin in the summer, when the temperature is high. At high temperatures, insects still fall into a hibernating state, birds begin to molt and the desire to migrate appears. Consequently, some other conditions, and not temperature, influence the seasonal state of the body.

The main factor in the regulation of seasonal cycles in most plants and animals is the change in day length. The response of organisms to day length is called photoperiodism.

Fish in a frozen pond fall into torpor in winter, but continue to swim in deep waters. Frogs hibernate in ponds, buried in silt, and toads hibernate under the roots of old stumps. Birds that stayed for the winter and flew to us from northern places stay in forests, parks, and gardens. Some feed on seeds and fruits of trees and shrubs, others feed on insect larvae, which they find in the crevices of tree bark.

TO unfavorable conditions Animals adapt to life in winter in different ways. In some animals, all physiological processes decrease and they hibernate. The hedgehog sleeps under the roots of trees on a bed of leaves. Having accumulated reserves of fat even before the snow cover is established, the bear lies down in a den and sleeps there all winter.

Animals that spend the winter in an active state are covered with thick and long hair. By fresh tracks in the snow you can find out which animals are not sleeping. It is not difficult to observe small mouse tracks and the characteristic paw prints of a hare: two holes next to each other, two after each other. Sometimes it is possible to come across traces of a fox and a wolf, very similar to the traces of a small and big dog, prints of the hooves of a moose and the paws of a squirrel that descended to the ground to find acorns and nuts hidden in the fall.

The fox runs through fields and meadows, hunting for hares and mice. Hungry wolves wander in families through forests and fields, sometimes running into villages in search of food. Moose often live in deciduous forests, as they feed on tree bark in winter. Squirrels remove the seeds from the cones, leaving only the stems. In severe frosts, the squirrel is not visible: it climbs into its nest and sleeps there, covering itself with its fluffy tail.



The world around us is in constant motion and changes all the time: after winter spring comes, after rain a rainbow appears, with the onset of cold weather birds fly south, etc. All these changes that are familiar to us, which we perceive as the most ordinary and natural, are called natural phenomena. Let's consider the phenomena of inanimate and living nature depending on the season of the year, and also get acquainted with some amazing phenomena that happen quite rarely.

Natural phenomena in autumn

Inanimate nature

The following changes occur in inanimate nature at this time of year: after the summer heat, coolness comes, and towards the end of autumn, frosts begin, and the first snow often falls. Daylight hours are becoming noticeably shorter, and cloudy and rainy weather is becoming more common.

Live nature

Representatives of wildlife perceive autumn as a time to prepare for winter. Trees change the color of their foliage and then completely shed it. Some animals are looking for shelter where they can survive the winter cold, many of them are actively preparing food supplies for future use. flock together and go to warmer climes. Many animals, including hares, foxes and squirrels, molt and exchange their skins for warmer ones.

Natural phenomena in winter

Inanimate nature

With the arrival of the coldest time of the year, the phenomena of inanimate nature make themselves felt very noticeably. The air temperature drops significantly and the number of frosty days increases. Snow covers the ground and continues to fall throughout the season. Snow storms, blizzards and blizzards often occur. A continuous ice cover is established on reservoirs. Ice and icy conditions are becoming more common, and dangerous icicles are forming on many buildings. Frost appears on the ground, trees and various outdoor objects, and unusual patterns can be seen on windows.

Live nature

The living world also changes during winter. Plants go into a dormant state, resting to gain strength for the next growing season. In shrubs and trees, metabolism slows down and visible growth stops. Some animals hibernate, for example, bears and hedgehogs, others continue to lead an active lifestyle, but it becomes more and more difficult for them to get food. Many who do not fly away for the winter warm countries, in search of food, they temporarily move to cities, among them magpies, bullfinches and tits.

Natural phenomena in spring

Inanimate nature

With the arrival of spring, everything changes, even inanimate world. The day is becoming much longer, the sun is getting hotter. The long-awaited warming is coming, the atmospheric temperature rises to positive values. This phenomenon is called a thaw. The snow begins to actively melt, becomes loose, and by the end of spring not a trace remains of it. Ice drift begins on the rivers, causing floods. In some settlements located on the banks of rivers, a strong increase in water levels can lead to floods. Also in the spring it starts to rain and the first thunderstorms appear.

Live nature

The phenomena of living nature that occur in the spring can be described in one word - revival. Everything around begins to wake up and fill with life. In trees and shrubs, the movement of juices resumes, the buds swell, a little later active flowering occurs and the first leaves appear. Coltsfoot is blooming everywhere, and other perennial herbaceous plants are blooming in the forests. Flying insects appear, birds return, those who fell into hibernation. Furry animals shed again, changing their winter fur to summer. Many animals give birth to offspring at this time of year.

Natural phenomena in summer

Inanimate nature

Inanimate nature at this time of year enjoys hot, dry weather. The sun is heating up strongly, the air temperature rises to maximum values. Rain and thunderstorms also occur, sometimes causing hail. After precipitation, you can often see a rainbow in the sky. Closer to the morning in calm weather on the ground, plants and various subjects outdoors, dew forms.

Live nature

Changes also occur in wildlife in the summer. The plants begin to actively flower and bear fruit. At the end of summer, the time for mushrooms and berries comes, and nuts ripen in the forests. Animals at this time of year raise their offspring, teach their cubs to get food for themselves and defend themselves in case of danger. Insects are very active in summer, some of them (mosquitoes, flies, midges and others) begin to annoy people. Dangerous arachnids, including poisonous spiders and encephalitis ticks.

Other amazing natural phenomena

Sometimes unusual things happen in the world and sometimes mysterious phenomena nature. Let's give examples of some of them.

Ball lightning

According to eyewitnesses, this rare phenomenon is a kind of luminous ball moving in the air along an unpredictable trajectory. In the scientific world there is still no consensus on what ball lightning is and how it occurs.

Northern lights

This phenomenon is characteristic not only of Earth, it also occurs on other planets solar system, having a magnetosphere. People perceive it as a rapidly changing multi-colored glow in the sky in dark time days. It is formed as a result of interaction upper layers atmosphere with charged solar wind particles.

Snow storm

This unusual phenomenon occurs during the cold season. Most often observed near the sea coast or above large lake, happens occasionally in the city. It is characterized by precipitation in the form of heavy snow or freezing rain, accompanied by thunder and lightning.

Tornado

This is destructive a natural phenomenon appears in a thundercloud. A column of air, making vortex movements and forming a funnel, descends to the ground. Its diameter can be tens and even hundreds of meters. At the bottom of a tornado there is always a cloud of dust, dirt and objects raised from the ground, or water splashes if the tornado formed over water.

Blooming Atacama Desert in Chile

This place is considered one of the driest on Earth. But every few years, heavy rains fall on this territory, thanks to which the desert is covered with flowering grasses. Scientists have counted about 200 plant species here, many of which are endemic. During the period of rapid flowering of the desert, active reproduction of lizards, birds and insects is also observed.

Natural phenomena characterize weather with seasonal changes in nature and are observed in certain seasons of the year. Each season has its own distinctive natural weather phenomena: flowering in the spring, thunderstorms in the summer, falling leaves in the fall and snow in the winter.

Winter phenomena in inanimate nature:
1. Thaw
2. Black ice
3. Snowfall
4. Blizzard
5. Frost.

Winter is a harsh time, especially in the northern latitudes of our hemisphere. Its calendar time is known, but it often happens that the first signs of winter come much earlier. Slush November weather gives way to December frosts, freezing the reservoirs and covering the earth in a fluffy blanket of snow. The days become short, and the nights drag on tediously, waiting for the first ray of sun.

The shortest day falls on the period winter solstice. This is December 21 on the night of 22. The shortest day and the longest night. From this time the countdown begins and daytime increases, reducing nighttime.
The clouds descend lower, becoming heavy and gray with overflowing moisture. They are not light and compact; they cover the entire winter sky, filling the air with the smell of moisture and freshness. They are the ones who bring heavy snowfalls, covering the ground with meter-long snowdrifts.

Snow is winter precipitation. In winter, they cover everything around with a thick blanket, creating a kind of microclimate that helps plants and small animals survive the harsh cold. The lower the air temperature, the looser the snow flooring becomes, the harder it crunches underfoot and pricks when you touch it.

In calm weather, snow falls in large snowflakes; with increasing intensity, the snow turns into a blizzard - the most dangerous winter phenomenon of nature. It occurs when the first gust of wind appears. He picks up the snow cover and carries it, dragging it along with him. In nature, snowstorms are distinguished between high and low snowstorms, depending on the redistribution air masses. Typically, severe snowstorms occur in the middle of winter, at the peak of seasonal temperatures. The formation of a snowy landscape depends on this natural phenomenon: wind-blown snow takes on the bizarre shapes of snowdrifts.

Frequent travel companion winter weather- icy conditions. This is an ice crust that forms on any surface after a sharp temperature change. Wet snow, rain before severe frost can provoke its appearance. As a rule, it is black ice that binds the entire area of ​​small streams and other sources of moisture, so it does not necessarily have to rain for it to appear.
If there are severe, long-term frosts in winter, they freeze the deepest bodies of water, which freeze to very decent depths, and this is how ice freezes begin, paralyzing shipping. The ice will begin to move only with strong warming, when the rays of the sun begin to warm up its firmament.

Frosts refer to hazardous phenomena nature. They can be installed for a long time if a winter anticyclone dominates the area. As a rule, abnormal frosts are a rare occurrence. Deviation from the usual norm does not occur everywhere and not always. Low temperatures can cause significant damage to agriculture and provoke the emergence emergency, so all public utilities are on alert in winter.

Another indispensable attribute of winter is an icicle - a cone-shaped piece of ice that hangs from any plane. During the day, the sun warms the snow, it begins to melt and leak, and at night the frost intensifies, everything around freezes. The mass of the icicle grows as the snow melts, then it collapses from its own weight and crumbles when it hits the ground.

It is with the melting of icicles that a smooth transition to spring begins, when the air temperature gradually rises, the days become longer, and frost patterns disappear, seeping melt water into the warmed ground.
Snow is a winter look atmospheric precipitation. It has its own crystal structure, which is based on frozen microscopic drops of water. When a drop passes through the cold atmospheric layers of air and falls to the ground, it freezes and becomes overgrown with its fellows, clinging to them, forming six-pointed snowflakes. This form is due to the physical laws of water freezing.

What is snow made of?
Each snowflake rarely exceeds 5 mm in size, but the openwork interweaving of the edges can be very diverse. It is not yet clear why each snowflake is different from each other, why each of them has perfect symmetry. Today it has already been proven that all snowflakes have clear geometric lines that are combined in a hexagonal format; it is the water molecule itself that has a hexagonal shape, therefore, freezing in the clouds and turning into an ice crystal, water is formed according to this principle, capturing other molecules along the chain, located in close proximity.

The bizarre shape is influenced by both air temperature and humidity. But no one today doubts that a snowflake is, in its essence, links in one chain of frozen water molecules. The contours of the snowflake itself are angular. The tips most likely resemble sharp points or needles. Moreover, they are all different, each snowflake has its own pointed pattern. Today there is no answer to the question of why this happens. Perhaps very soon we will witness new scientific discoveries that will reveal to us the secret of geometric symmetry and the dissimilarity of snowflakes.

The presence of snow plays an important role. A blanket of snow covers the ground in a thick layer of white blanket. It keeps warm and prevents plants and small animals from dying. Without it, winter crops will die, there will be no harvest, and no bread will be born. Snow creates that necessary supply of moisture, which is so important during spring awakening. Therefore, the importance of snow cannot be overestimated.



Goal: Stimulate children's curiosity, the desire to study natural phenomena more deeply (properties of snow), support children's interest in experimentation and research.

Program content:

1. Form elementary ideas about the change in the position of the Earth relative to the Sun; idea about snow and its properties (snow melts in warmth, snow is not transparent, snow is white, snow has no smell).
2. Teach children to analyze and draw conclusions through experimentation.
3. Activate speech using words: crust, water vapor, snow pellets, magnifying glass, experiment. Improve children's ability to answer questions about the content of the story
4. To develop thinking, interest in winter natural phenomena, the desire to actively learn and act.
5. Foster a desire to preserve and protect natural world, see its beauty.
6. Wellness: health-saving approach to educational activities.

Preliminary work

1. Looking at winter-themed paintings
2. Reading poems about winter and snowflakes.
3. Observing falling snow, snowflakes, playing with snow on walks.
4. Drawing snowflakes.
5. Cutting snowflakes from napkins.

Materials and equipment

Dem. - models of planets (Sun and Earth); visual models of snowflakes indicating the properties of snow;

Sec. - disposable snow plates (on each table there is a deep and flat plate), snow, magnifying glasses according to the number of children, half a cut apple on a napkin, a disposable spoon, three containers of water, circles different color, napkins and towel.

Methodological techniques: research method; problem statement and resolution; modeling; reading fiction using the information-receptive method aimed at organizing the perception of children’s memorization of information; musical accompaniment; imitation of movements; reflexive method.

Progress of direct educational activities

The teacher says: Guys, listen to the poem carefully and tell me if everything in it is correct.

“The days have become shorter,
The sun shines little.
Here come the frosts -
And SPRING has come!”

Educator: Guys, do you know why winter comes?

Educator (summarizes children's answers) You and I know that our Earth is a planet, and it rotates around its axis, this is how our globe rotates now, and now let’s imagine that this is the sun, and so the earth also rotates around the sun, like this. Now let's P

Let’s imagine that our planet is divided into four parts, the first will definitely be spring, the second will be summer, the third will be autumn and the fourth will be winter. The one barrel of earth that she placed closest to the warm sun is heated the most - it’s summer here, in winter, of course, the sun also shines, only during the three winter months the sun is furthest from the ground, so it warms less. This makes it cold in winter, the days become shorter and the nights longer.

Educator: What happens in winter? One of the signs of winter is snow falling from the sky. Educator: There is a story by Vladimir Arkhangelsky

"Snow fluffs are flying" . Do you want to listen to him?

Children's answers

Conversation with children on the content of the story read.

What kind of snow fluffs are we talking about?

What did the snowflakes look like? ("Flower with six petals" , "A star with six rays" )

Where have the scientists been? (in the clouds)

What did they see there? (they saw snowflakes forming)

What is a snowflake? (this is a frozen droplet of water vapor)

How is crust formed? (hard crust on the snow)

Who finds it difficult to move on the crust? Why?

Why does a hare rush across the crust as if it were on parquet?

Physical education lesson "Winter sleep"

Quietly, quietly humming a fairy tale,
Winter floats by at dusk (running in circles on tiptoes)
Covering me with a warm blanket,
Land and trees and houses.

Light snow swirls over the fields,
At midnight the stars fall from the sky.
Lowering his furry eyelashes,
A dense forest slumbers in silence.

Golden owls sleep on the fir trees,
In the fabulous glow of the moon.
Snowdrifts sleep on the edges of the forest
Like big snow elephants.

Everything changes shape and color,
The windows of sleepy houses are turned off.
And, winter telling tales
She slowly falls asleep on her own.

Educator: Do you want to learn even more about snow? Imagine that you are scientists - researchers. Who are scientists? Let's sit down at the tables. We will find out what kind of snow it is and what its properties are. And our assistant will be a special research device. Find it on your desks, what is this device called? (magnifying glass). What is a magnifying glass? (magnifying glass). What else do you see on the tables? (Children's answers)

Educator: Guys, I brought snow to the group in the morning, but what happened to the snow? (melted) Why? (a snowflake with the image of 1 property is attached to the board, a drop of water is drawn on the snowflake: snow melts in warmth). How are we going to explore the snow now? Where can we get it? (we will ask you to bring a second teacher using Magic word"Please"). Let's take a magnifying glass and take a close look at the melted snow. What do you see? (water is dirty). Guys, why is the water dirty? (bring snow) Let's touch the snow, what does it feel like? (cold). Guys, I saw that some children eat snow. Are they doing the right thing? Why? Is it possible to eat snow? (no, the snow is cold and can be dirty).

Educator: Let's conduct an experiment. Under your flat plates are geometric figures, name them (circle, square). What color are they? Place one circle on an empty plate, we will put snow on top, and lower the other one into the water. Where is the cool visible and where is it not? Why? (2 snowflakes are attached to the board: the snow is opaque - a closed eye is drawn)

Educator: Let's compare: what color is water and snow? (snow is white, water is colorless) What else is white? (3 snowflakes are attached: white snow - cotton wool in the center of the snowflake).

Educator: Guys, how do you know if snow smells? (need to smell). Let's smell the apple first, which apple? (fragrant, fragrant). And now it's snowing (snow has no smell) (4 snowflakes are attached: snow has no smell - a nose is drawn on the snowflake)

Educator: Well done! You showed me so many experiments, and now I want to show you one more experience. Look: I have three jars. Pour into one cold water (the child is invited to check the water temperature), (cold). We'll pour warm water into the second one, but how can we get it? warm water, what kind of water should be poured first: hot or cold, why? (cold, then hot). I will pour hot into the third jar. I will drop snow into three jars at the same time. For this I need an assistant. Where did the snow melt faster and where more slowly? Conclusions. (the warmer the water, the faster the snow melted; the speed of snow melting depends on the water temperature).

Educator: Guys, now let's remember what properties snow has? (at the end of each experiment, snowflakes with the properties of snow were attached to the board). Draws children's attention to the fact that snow is frozen droplets of water vapor. We swami know that snow turns into water, I have two droplets, one smiles, the other is sad, if you liked ours educational activities take a smiling drop, if not, take a sad one.