Cascade Owner Status

current

Year of construction start Years of unit commissioning Main characteristics Annual electricity production, million kWh Type of power plant

dam-diversion

Design head, m Electric power, MW Equipment characteristics Turbine type Number and brand of turbines

2xPL 577-VM-450

Flow through turbines, m³/sec Number and brand of generators

2xСВI 840/135-44

Generator power, MW Main structures Dam type

earthen; concrete spillway

Dam height, m Dam length, m Gateway outdoor switchgear On the map Coordinates: 66°21′39″ n. w. 31°05′29″ E. d. /  66.36083° s. w. 31.09139° E. d. / 66.36083; 31.09139(G) (I)Kumskaya hydroelectric power station- Hydroelectric power station on the Kuma River (the name of the upper reaches of Kovda) in Karelia. It is part of the Kovdinskie HPP Cascade, organizationally - the Nivskie HPP Cascade.

General information

Construction of the hydroelectric power station began in , ended in . The first hydraulic unit was put into operation, the hydroelectric power station was put into commercial operation on March 17. The hydroelectric power station was built according to the dam-diversion type. Composition of hydroelectric power station structures:

  • a 700 m long embankment dam and greatest height 19.5 m;
  • concrete spillway in the body of the embankment dam;
  • diversion supply channel 500 m long;
  • pressure unit with metal pipelines;
  • hydroelectric power station building 49 m long;
  • outlet channel 1310 m long.

The power of the hydroelectric power station is 80 MW, the average annual output is 346 million kWh. The HPP building has 2 rotary-blade hydraulic units with a capacity of 40 MW each, operating at a design head of 32 m. Some of the HPP equipment is outdated and requires modernization. The pressure structures of the hydroelectric power station (the length of the pressure front is 0.76 km) form the Kumskoye reservoir, which includes Kundozero, Pyaozero and Topozero. The reservoir area is 1910 km², the total and usable capacity is 9.83 and 8.63 km³. When creating the reservoir, 760 hectares of farmland were flooded and 200 buildings were moved.

The hydroelectric power station was designed by the Lenhydroproekt Institute.

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Republic of Karelia
“God only grant that Prince Kutuzov,” said Anpa Pavlovna, “takes real power and does not allow anyone to put a spoke in his wheels - des batons dans les roues.”
Prince Vasily immediately realized who this nobody was. He said in a whisper:
- I know for sure that Kutuzov, as an indispensable condition, ordered that the heir to the crown prince not be with the army: Vous savez ce qu"il a dit a l"Empereur? [Do you know what he said to the sovereign?] - And Prince Vasily repeated the words that Kutuzov allegedly said to the sovereign: “I cannot punish him if he does something bad, and reward him if he does something good.” ABOUT! This the smartest person, Prince Kutuzov, et quel caractere. Oh je le connais de longue date. [and what a character. Oh, I've known him for a long time.]
“They even say,” said l “homme de beaucoup de merite, who did not yet have court tact, “that His Serene Highness made it an indispensable condition that the sovereign himself should not come to the army.
As soon as he said this, in an instant Prince Vasily and Anna Pavlovna turned away from him and sadly, with a sigh about his naivety, looked at each other.

While this was happening in St. Petersburg, the French had already passed Smolensk and were moving closer and closer to Moscow. The historian of Napoleon Thiers, just like other historians of Napoleon, says, trying to justify his hero, that Napoleon was drawn to the walls of Moscow involuntarily. He is right, as are all historians who seek an explanation of historical events in the will of one person; he is just as right as Russian historians who claim that Napoleon was attracted to Moscow by the art of Russian commanders. Here, in addition to the law of retrospectivity (recurrence), which represents everything that has passed as preparation for an accomplished fact, there is also reciprocity, which confuses the whole matter. A good player who has lost at chess is sincerely convinced that his loss was due to his mistake, and he looks for this mistake at the beginning of his game, but forgets that in every step of his, throughout the entire game, there were the same mistakes that none his move was not perfect. The error to which he draws attention is noticeable to him only because the enemy took advantage of it. How much more complex than this is the game of war, taking place in certain conditions of time, and where it is not one will that guides lifeless machines, but where everything stems from countless collisions of various arbitrarinesses?

Geographically, the Kumskaya hydroelectric power station is located in Karelia, but the only line coming from the station connects it with the energy system of the Murmansk region.

Design and survey work began in 1951. At the same time, the basis for the construction of the hydroelectric station was geological observations made a quarter of a century earlier.

Initially, experts considered the underground location of the turbine room. But the commissioning of an underground hydroelectric power station required two years more time due to complete unpreparedness for its operation. underground works. The possibility of quickly commissioning the station, despite the increase in the volume of earth and rock work, was decisive.

Construction of the hydroelectric power station began in 1961, and after 20 months the hydroelectric station reached its full capacity of 80 MW.

Another unique feature of the Kumskaya HPP is that the station was planned to be serviced without operational personnel, using remote control. However, due to the lack of system solutions in the automation of control systems in the 1960s, they returned to the implementation of this idea much later. Telecontrol and teleregulation equipment was introduced in 2009.

  • Installed electrical capacity - 569.5 MW
  • Electricity generation - 2,957.4 million kW/h

One of the main sources of electricity on the Kola Peninsula. Cascade stations produce more than a third of all electricity used in the Murmansk region.

Cascade composition

  • Niva HPP-1 (put into operation on December 25, 1952)
  • Niva HPP-2 (put into operation on June 30, 1934)
  • Niva HPP-3 (put into operation on December 20, 1949)
  • Kumskaya HPP (put into operation on December 30, 1962)
  • Iovskaya HPP (put into operation on December 28, 1960)
  • Knyazhegubskaya HPP (put into operation on October 21, 1955)

Niva HPP-1

The first stage of Niva HPP-1 was put into operation in 1952, its construction was completely completed in 1954. The development of the northern shores proceeded with great difficulty, many of the engineers and builders were sent here from the previous station - the underground Niva HPP-3.

This station is the first on the cascade where telemechanics were installed, which made it possible to carry out work without the presence of permanent operating personnel. Currently fully automated. Carries out annual and long-term regulation of river flow. Niva reservoirs of lakes Imandra and Pirenga.

The capacity of Niva HPP-1 is 26 MW, the average long-term electricity generation is 131.641 million kWh.

Niva HPP-2

The first hydroelectric power station of the Cascade, Niva HPP-2, was supposed to become the energy center of the region, because the rich deposits of apatite-nepheline ores discovered in the Khibiny Mountains, their extraction and production from apatite concentrate required the provision of an appropriate energy base.

In 1930, in accordance with the GOELRO plan in the river valley. Niva began construction of the hydroelectric power station Niva HPP-2.

The station was designed and built at the same time. Moreover, neither the engineers nor the builders had experience working in the difficult conditions of the Far North. IN short time they managed to block the old river bed, lay a 4.5 km long drainage canal and build the station’s head structure. The launch of the first hydraulic unit took place on June 30, 1934.

In 1936, REU Kolenergo was created on the Kola Peninsula, which included Niva HPP-2 along with the Murmansk CHPP and Nizhne-Tulomskaya HPP.

By the spring of 1946, after restoration work, Niva HPP-2 was again able to reach its design capacity.

The installed capacity of Niva HPP-2 is 60 MW. The average long-term electricity generation is 365.26 million kWh.

Niva HPP-3

At the end of the 1930s. Work began on the construction of the first underground station in the Soviet Union. During the war, construction was frozen. The launch of the first stage of Niva HPP-3 took place in 1949. This station is unique: its turbine room is located in the bowels of the rock, at a depth of 76 meters from the surface.

Niva HPP-3 is the lower stage of the Niva HPP cascade, located 5 km from Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea.

The installed capacity of Niva HPP-3 is 155.5 MW. The average annual electricity generation is 877.02 million kWh.

Kumskaya HPP

In the 1950s, after completing work on the Niva Cascade, hydraulic builders began to develop the Kovda River.

Construction of the hydroelectric power station began in 1961 and ended in 1963. The Kumskaya hydroelectric power station was built simultaneously with the Iovskaya hydroelectric power station. The first hydraulic unit was launched on December 30, 1962, and at the end of 1963 the Kumskaya hydroelectric station was put into commercial operation.

This is the only hydroelectric station of the Kola branch located outside the Kola Peninsula - on the territory of the Republic of Karelia.

The pressure structures of the hydroelectric power station form the Kumskoye reservoir, which includes Pyaozero and Topozero. The area of ​​the reservoir is 1970 square meters. km. During the creation of the reservoir, 200 buildings were moved. The hydroelectric power station structures include an embankment dam with a length of 721 m and a maximum height of 19.6 m, a diversion inlet canal with a length of 500 m and an outlet canal with a length of 1306 m

The installed capacity of the station is 80 MW, the average long-term electricity generation is 355.56 million kWh.

Iovskaya HPP

Construction of the Iovskaya hydroelectric power station began in 1958 and ended in 1963. The first unit was put into operation on December 28, 1960 - it began work under a wooden tent, the hydroelectric power station building was already erected after start-up. On March 17, 1965, the Iovskaya HPP was put into commercial operation.

Initially, Iovskaya, together with the Kumskaya hydroelectric power station, formed the Kovdinsky hydroelectric power station cascade.

Before the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the Kovda River was a chain of lakes connected by short rapids. Moreover, only the last channel, giving access to the sea to the water of Kovdozero, the last of the lakes in the chain, bore the name of Kovda itself. The remaining channels, although considered components of Kovda, are known under special names: lake. Topozero, r. Sofyanga, lake Pyaozero, r. Kundozerka, lake Kundozero, r. Kuma, lake Sokolozero, r. Rugozerka, lake Rugozero, r. Kovdochka, lake Sushozero, r. Iova (or Upper Kovda), lake. Kovdozero, r. Kovda.

To increase the efficiency of the station, an original engineering solution was adopted: the flow of lakes Tavand and Tolvand was transferred to the reservoir of the hydroelectric power station. The pressure structures of the hydroelectric power station include 3 embankment dams with a length of 350, 500 and 1180 m. They form the Iovskoe reservoir with an area of ​​294 square meters. m, which includes several lakes.

Installed capacity is 96 MW, average long-term electricity generation is 508.39 million kW/h.

Knyazhegubskaya HPP

The Knyazhegubskaya hydroelectric power station is the first of the stations built in the lower reaches of the Kovda water system, at the new man-made mouth of the river. An artificial canal drains the water of the Kovdozero (Knyazhegubsky reservoir) into the White Sea along the shortest route. Due to this “breakthrough” to the sea over a short distance, a large elevation difference is achieved, which is necessary for the effective operation of the hydroelectric power station.

The timing of the commissioning of the equipment at the Knyazhegubskaya HPP was unique. The first unit was delivered on October 21, 1955. The second - November 23, the third - December 29 of the same year. With the launch of the fourth unit, which took place on March 28, 1956, the station reached its design capacity. Then it was 128 MW, but during modernization it was possible to increase it to 152 MW.

Simultaneously with the construction of the Knyazhegubskaya station, the village of Zelenoborsky arose, for which the hydroelectric power station still remains a city-forming enterprise.

The Knyazhegubskaya power plant consists of several separate hydroelectric complexes. The hydroelectric power station structures include an embankment dam of the Tupiegub hydroelectric complex with a length of 962 m, an embankment dam of the Lyakhkominsky hydroelectric complex (952 m), an embankment dam of the Knyazhegubsky hydroelectric complex (628 m) with a maximum height of 20.8 m, a concrete spillway dam of the Lyakhkominsky hydroelectric complex (78 m), as well as 9 bulk dams of the Lyakhkominsky hydroelectric complex with a total length of 1465 m.

Installed capacity is 152 MW, average long-term electricity generation is 751.711 million kWh.

Technical re-equipment and modernization

2014

  • On January 21, 2014, a 48 MW power plant took place at the Iovskaya HPP.

2016

2017

  • Major repairs of hydraulic unit No. 3 Niva HPP-3 completed
  • The overhaul of hydraulic unit No. 2 of the Kumskaya HPP has been completed
  • The implementation of a thermal vibration control system at Niva HPP-3 has been completed
  • Work has been completed to replace the excitation system and speed controller with the reconstruction of relay protection and automatic control systems; modernization of the MPP unit at hydraulic unit No. 2 of the Kumskaya HPP was carried out
  • The implementation of a vibration and thermal control system for hydraulic unit No. 2 of the Kumskaya HPP has been completed
  • The implementation of vibration and thermal control systems for hydraulic unit No. 2 of the Knyazhegubskaya HPP has been completed
  • Work has been completed to equip hydraulic unit No. 1 Niva HPP-1 with continuous monitoring systems for shaft runout
  • The overhaul of the power transformer at the Kumskaya HPP has been completed

2018

  • overhaul of hydraulic unit No. 1 of the Kumskaya HPP.