Essay means literary genre small volume and free composition. This written form was introduced into the Unified State Exam as a means of certifying and assessing students. In a prose essay, the examinee should express his own thoughts and impressions on the formulated problem. In order to understand how to write an essay on social studies, you need to properly organize your educational activities and practice this task systematically.

During the preparation process, you should learn to analyze the content of the text; check the style, logic and consistency of the material presented; work with the final version and make important amendments to it. The study takes place in five blocks (man and society; sociology, economics, politics and law), each of which will be reflected in the test material.

How to write an essay on social studies - features of preparation for the Unified State Exam 2018

Every year, the Federal Institute of Pedagogical Measurements (FIPI) introduces innovations into the demonstration version of the Unified State Exam in social studies. In 2018, the requirements and assessment system for social science essays (tasks 29) changed slightly.

Let's look at the amendments using specific examples:

1. The form remained the same - a mini-essay.
2. The term “problem” that the author of the statement highlights has been replaced by the word “idea”. There are no fundamental differences in this. We will also talk about considerations that arise when understanding a quote from a thinker.
3. The requirement to highlight several ideas if they are contained in the author’s statement is more clearly formulated. In the 2017 demo, this was described as “if necessary...”.
4. Two examples from a variety of sources are still being evaluated.
5. The claim to a detailed argument and its obvious connection with the idea of ​​the designated quotation is more strictly expressed.

It follows from this that the volume of an essay vying for a high score will be increased (examples will need to be expanded in more detail, several ideas need to be highlighted). The essay begins to gradually move away from the genre of light and transparent composition, when it is not necessary to thoroughly reveal the example, it is enough to voice the idea.

Plus, the criteria for evaluating the material written by the examinee have changed. A provision has appeared on the correctness of the use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions.

For example, if a student writes that the reproductive function of the family is raising children, that stratification is the movement of an individual in the social structure, then he will receive 0 points on this basis, since his theoretical arguments are incorrect.

In all other respects, the 2017 and 2018 KIMs are similar.

Essay structure and content

The mini-essay form provides scope for creative thought, subjectivity and artistic expression.

However, in the practice of assessing task No. 29, a special rigor, accuracy and balance has developed, which follows from the structure and content of the written material.

The final version of an essay for a high score should include the following components:

1. Quote. One of the five proposed statements by the author, on which the examinee chose to express his position. To do this, it is necessary to identify which sections of the social science course the problem considered by the thinker is related to and evaluate one’s own knowledge on it.

   Quotes and statements of thinkers may be used in the work

2. The problem (topic) raised by the thinker, its relevance. It represents the subjective author's position. The student must identify the problem and express a personal written response to the question posed.

   List of topics in philosophy

   Proposed list of topics in economics and sociology

3. The meaning of the author’s statement represents his subjective opinion on the identified problem. The examinee can support the proposed idea in whole or in part, or completely refute it. In any case, this point must be clearly reflected in the prose essay, since a clearly defined evaluation criterion has been established in relation to it. Material written by a student without a correctly understood meaning will be graded 0 points.

   The meaning of the statement is the subjective opinion of the author on the designated topic

4. Own point of view. This is the examinee's personal opinion regarding the issue raised. The expressed judgment must meet the criteria of logic and certainty. It flows through the entire text and cannot have contradictory statements.

   Your own point of view must be logical and definite

5. Theoretical argumentation. Social science knowledge (concepts, terms, contradictions, directions of scientific thought, relationships, as well as the opinions of scientists and thinkers). They must correspond to the topic of the block on which the student is writing an essay.

   Theoretical argumentation must necessarily correspond to the topic of the essay

6. Factual argument. Two options are allowed here: using examples from history, literature and events in society; appeal to empirical experience.

   When making a factual argument, you can use examples from history or refer to empirical experience

7. Conclusion is the logical result of reasoning. It should not coincide verbatim with the judgment given for justification. When written correctly, it should cover the main ideas of the argument in one or two sentences and arrive at the final conclusion that the student adheres to throughout the essay.

   The essay must have a logical conclusion

Thus, to write an essay on social studies with a high score, you should read all the quotes in task No. 29 and determine their problematics. In each statement you will need to find an answer to the question “What did the author want to say?” and choose the most suitable topic.

You can mentally assess your strength by answering the following questions:

• What basic social scientific theoretical principles does the proposed statement correlate with?
• What do I need to know to unlock it?

After this, make sure that you know the fundamental concepts of the block to which the statement belongs and understand its meaning.

Make an expected plan for the written work, but do not forget about the time limit for the exam.

Subject to all the conditions described above and regular training on task No. 29, the examinee is guaranteed to cope with the essay.

How to apply

It must be borne in mind that an essay is a short composition characterized by semantic unity.

Additional advantages for assessing assignment No. 29 by experts will include the following:

• basic information about the author of the statement (for example, “outstanding German economist”, “famous Russian thinker of the Golden Age”, “famous existentialist philosopher”, “founder of the rational trend in philosophy”, etc.);
• indications of alternative ways to solve the stated issue;
• descriptions of various points of view on an issue or different approaches to her decision.

These grounds are not directly noted in the assessment criteria, but they will demonstrate the erudition of the examinee and his deep preparation.

It is also worth remembering that your work will be assessed by an expert. It will be an advantage to write the text on the Unified State Examination form in neat handwriting, systematized and without careless blots..

Cliché phrases

Cliché phrases are understood as standard patterns of word usage, typical patterns of word combinations and syntactic constructions. With the help of these speech formulas, the process of writing an essay in social studies is significantly simplified.

For the first part of a prose essay, when formulating an understanding of the statement, its problem and relevance, the following phrases are perfect:

• “In his saying, the author meant that...”;
• “The thinker tried to convey to us the idea that...”;
• “The meaning of the proposed statement is that...”;
• “The relevance of the problem raised is manifested in the fact that...”;
• “This issue is relevant in the conditions of...”

In the following paragraph, for justification own position Regarding the statement, a number of standard clichés are used:

• “I completely agree with the author of the quote that...”;
• “One cannot disagree with the thinker of the indicated statement...”;
• “The activist was absolutely right in asserting that...”;
• “In my opinion, (the writer, philosopher, economist) very accurately reflected in his statement the picture of modern reality in that...”;
• “I beg to differ with the author’s opinion that...”
• “Partly, I share the thinker’s point of view regarding..., but with... I cannot agree.”

When making theoretical arguments, the following expressions are used:

• “Let us analyze the idea proposed by the author from the point of view of (economic, legal, sociological) theory...”;
• “Let us turn to the theoretical understanding of the statement...”;
• “In (sociological, political, philosophical) science, this statement has its grounds...”;
• “The proposed quotation has a deep social scientific justification...”;
• “To substantiate this statement from a theoretical position...”;
• “In the social studies curriculum (law, political science, etc.) ...”;

In terms of selecting facts, examples from public life and empirical social experience, the following phrases are used:

• “Let’s give justification from public life that confirms my idea...”;
• “Based on personal experience, (according to the stories of my parents, classmates...) circumstances indicate the opposite...”;
• “The position I sympathize with is confirmed by examples from life...”;
• “Let’s turn to similar situations in (history, literature, cinema) ...”;
• “We meet confirmation of the thinker’s quote at every step...”;

In conclusion, the following speech cliches are used:

• “Based on the above, it should be concluded that...”;
• "Letting us down common feature, I would like to note that...”;
• “When finishing the work, we can say that...”;
• "Thus …";

Some experts suggest that the overuse of such hackneyed phrases should be avoided. Although when writing an essay, they help formulate thoughts and clearly delimit the text. It will be better if you don't take large quantity cliches in ready-made form, but change them while maintaining the meaning.

Criteria for evaluating social studies essays

In general, you could get 6 primary points for the mini-essay, which are assessed according to the following criteria:

1. Revealing the meaning of the statement. In this case, one or more ideas contained in the author’s statement must be correctly highlighted. For this, the examinee is awarded 1 primary point. For non-disclosure, you will receive a 0 not only for this criterion, but for the entire essay.
2. Theoretical content of the mini-essay. The maximum score is 2 points if a connected chain of theoretical reasoning and constructions can be traced. Separate provisions that are not connected into a single picture, but related to the topic, are scored only 1 point. Not related to the topic 0 points.
3. Correct use of concepts, theoretical positions, reasoning and conclusions. This criterion gives the student 1 point for the absence of errors in theoretical constructs and terms. It is not scored if there are theoretical inaccuracies.
4. The quality of the facts and examples provided. Two examples should be clearly related to the selected provisions and theses, and also expanded. Then the examinee will receive the maximum score for this criterion - 2. With one written example, only 1 point. Complete absence examples - 0 points.

In One state exam in social studies, the essay is the most valuable task in terms of points. This creative composition should be given special attention and practiced frequently.

Reading additional literature on law, philosophy, sociology, economics and political science will greatly help you choose the right argument and most fully reveal the proposed problem. Understanding the assessment criteria will help you to include the required points in your essay and get the maximum score.

The Unified State Exam in Social Studies promises to become one of the most popular elective exams in 2020, which means that graduates should learn more about what the test will be like in the new year, what the structure of the essay should be (task No.), and also what it costs Pay attention to the person during preparation.

In this article we will take a closer look at issues related to essay writing.

Task No. 29

Let us remind you that in total there are 29 tasks in KIM on society - 20 with a short answer, 8 with a detailed answer and an essay (a mini-essay with elements of reasoning on a given topic).

The 2020 demo version proposes the following wording of the task:

Please note that it is recommended to use the following as social science knowledge on which to rely when revealing the chosen topic:

• real events from public life;
• literary and historical examples;
• situations from films and theater productions;
• personal experience.

The task itself belongs to the category of alternative. This means that examinees are given the right to choose. In this particular case, the right to choose a topic for a mini-essay. The task contains 5 statements, one for each thematic block:

• philosophy;
• economy;
• sociology;
• political science;
• jurisprudence.

The specifications recommend that you allocate 30-45 minutes out of 235 allocated for completing all 29 Unified State Exam tasks in social studies to write a mini-essay. But, teachers recommend increasing the time for writing an essay and aiming for about 60-90 minutes. This will leave just under 3 hours for the test part, which is more than enough.

Another tip from tutors is to start with a mini-essay. During the first 60 minutes, the brain works as efficiently as possible, and it will be easier to write an essay than after spending 3 hours in a stuffy classroom.

Essay Grading

For correctly completed task 29, you can get 6 points, which is 9% of the maximum initial score (in 2020 it is 65).

The second part of the Social Studies exam paper is assessed by experts, so it is very important to write legibly.

FIPI has established the following criteria for checking essays:

Please note that for task No. 29, in general, zeros will be given if the meaning of the statement is not revealed, and for criterion K-3 they will automatically put “0” if there is no explanation of key concepts and the second criterion K-2 is scored zero points.

We want to reassure those who are worried about the correctness of the essay - spelling errors do not affect the grade for the social studies essay. The exception is errors made in the spelling of terms and concepts.

The results of checking the tasks of the 2nd part can be appealed. Of course, if you are confident that you are right and are ready to defend your opinion before the expert commission for the consideration of appeals.

How to write an essay

In order to avoid problems with writing a mini-essay during the social studies exam in 2020, you need to prepare in advance - think about what the structure of the essay should be, select relevant examples for different topics, prepare a cliche.

Since the topics that will be offered to examinees for the Unified State Exam in 2020 are not disclosed in advance, at the preparation stage you can focus on the most relevant areas defined for each of the 5 blocks.

In 2020, the structure of the social studies essay will not change. The mini-essay should include the following blocks:

• main quote;
• the problem addressed;
• the essence of the statement;
• the examinee’s view of the problem;
• argumentation of opinion;
• examples;
• conclusion.

Along with what the structure of an essay on social studies should be, experts also tell us what should not be written about in an essay for the Unified State Exam 2020. Thus, proof of relevance, as well as biographies of the authors, will be superfluous in the text literary works And famous personalities appearing in the examples. Most often, graduates waste time on these blocks, which do not add points to the essay, instead of describing the meaning of the statement in as much detail as possible and finding the right examples.

Cliche

So, now you know what you should and should not write in an essay on the Unified State Exam in society. Now let's take a closer look at how you can assemble the necessary essay from prepared blocks. Such blocks are called cliches and help when writing an essay on social studies to correctly construct the text taking into account the requirements dictated by the structure and criteria Unified State Examination assessment 2020.

We bring to your attention a selection of basic cliches that will be useful when writing an essay on almost any topic:

For more information on how to write a mini-essay for the Unified State Exam 2020 in social studies, see the lesson from the online tutor:

01.05.2017

Here is a collection of the main cliché phrases that can help you write a social studies essay correctly.

1. Cliche phrases for formulating an understanding of the statement, problems and their relevance

1. In his statement, the author meant that...
2. The author wanted to convey to us the idea that...
3. The meaning of this statement is that...
4. The author draws our attention to the fact that... the author’s idea is that...
5. The relevance of the problem raised is that...
6. This problem (topics) is relevant in the conditions...

• ...globalization of social relations;
• ...formation of a unified information, educational, economic space;
• ...exacerbation global problems modernity;
• ...the special controversial nature of scientific discoveries and inventions;
• ...development of international integration;
• ...modern market economy;
• ...development and overcoming the global economic crisis;
• ...strict differentiation of society;
• ...open social structure modern society;
• ...formation of the rule of law;
• ...overcoming the spiritual and moral crisis;
• ...dialogue of cultures;
• ...the need to preserve one's own identity and traditional spiritual values.

2. Cliche phrases for formulating your own position:

1. “I agree with the author that...”
2. “One cannot but agree with the author of this statement...”
3. “The author was right in asserting that...”
4. “In my opinion, the author quite clearly reflected the picture in his statement modern Russia(modern
5. society... the situation that has developed in society... one of the problems of our time)"
6. “I beg to differ with the author’s opinion that...”
7. “Partly, I share the author’s point of view regarding..., but with... I can’t agree”

3. Multidimensional analysis of statements (cliché phrases):

1. The statement can be analyzed from different angles...
2. Let's look at the statement from different aspects...
3. There are two aspects to the content of the statement...
4. The statement can be analyzed both in a broad and in a narrow sense...
5. It is worth noting that…

4. Argumentation should be carried out at two levels:

1. Theoretical level. Cliché phrases:

• Let's consider the statement from the point of view of economic (political, sociological...) theory...
• Let's turn to the theoretical meaning of the statement...
• In economic (political, sociological...) theory, this statement has its basis...
• This statement has a deep theoretical basis...
• To substantiate this statement from a theoretical perspective...
• In the course of social studies (economics, sociology...) ...

2. Empirical level - there are two options here:

1. using examples from history, literature and social reality;
2. appeal to personal experience.

Second-level arguments should illustrate and support the theoretical principles used to justify one's own position.

Cliché phrases:

• Let us give examples from public life that confirm my idea...
• Let's look at examples from history...
• What do the facts of social life tell us...
• Numerous examples from public life refute the author’s idea...
• We see confirmation of the author’s thoughts at every step...
• Many examples from our lives confirm the author’s idea...
• I can confirm my thoughts with examples from my own life...
• My personal experience (the experience of my parents, classmates...) suggests the opposite...

5. Cliche phrases for conclusion:

1. Thus…
2. In conclusion, we can conclude that...
3. To summarize, I would like to note that...
4. Based on all of the above, it can be argued that...

Every year FIPI reforms the demo version of the Unified State Exam in social studies. This time the requirements and essay assessment system (tasks 29) have changed somewhat. I suggest you understand the innovations!

Changes in social studies essay 2018

Here's what the task looked like in 2017.

What has changed in the assignment text?

Let's figure it out.

1. Form: mini-essay, no changes.
2. The word problem (which the author of the quote raises) has been replaced by idea. It is fundamentally? I think not anyway this is those thoughts that arise when comprehending the author’s quote!
3. The requirement to write several ideas is more clearly formulated (in 2017 - if necessary...).
4. They are also asked to rely on facts and examples from public life and personal social experience, examples from other academic subjects.
5. Also assessed two examples from various sources.
6. The requirement is more strictly formulated detailed example and its obvious connection with the idea.

That is, in essence, volume requirement changes (examples need to be expanded, you need to see several ideas!) and let's just say that the essay really moves away from the genre of an easy and transparent essay, when it is not necessary to meticulously write out an example, it is enough to voice the idea. To a cumbersome essay, where all thoughts are ponderous, extremely clear and voiced. Probably next year we will come to a word limit, as in other subjects, unfortunately

How is an essay checked now?

First of all, the number of criteria has changed. There are more of them 4 instead of the previous three.

Criteria for checking task 29 essays for the Unified State Exam 2017

Let us remind you that in general you could get 5 points (1-2-2) for a mini-essay. now this 6 the value of the essay continues to increase, learn to write it to get the most important Unified State Examination points definitely necessary!

Let's look at the new changed criteria!

Essentially, it has not changed; this is also a disclosure of the meaning of the author’s quote. And also, for non-disclosure you will receive a 0 not only for this criterion, but for the entire essay.

So, you need to find in the quote an idea (? problem?) related to the course and highlight a thesis (your complete thought on this statement), which you will further substantiate with information from the course and examples from social practice.

To be honest, I don’t see anything new. Instead of the meaning of the author’s quote, you write...

Essentially the same, criterion 2. Theoretical justification of the idea (problem) from the standpoint of scientific social science. terms, concepts, theories, scientific conclusions on this idea

So, let's break it down new criteria...

“The defense of rights is the defense of the greatest social value.”

(P.A. Sorokin)

Criterion 1. Its disclosure is played here by:

The author addresses the problem protection of rights, especially relevant in modern society.
In his opinion protection of rights is very important for society.
I can’t help but agree with the author’s opinion, because Law plays an important role in the life of any state, society and every person.

And also receive expert verification from us in our group

In this article you will learn how to write an essay on social studies. Examples are attached.

First of all, it is necessary to understand that in order to learn how to write an essay in social studies, it takes quite a long time. Without preliminary preparation, it is impossible to write an essay that would be rated high by experts. Sustainable skills and good results appear after 2-3 months of work (about 15-20 essays written). It is systematic training and determination that bring high results. You need to hone your skills in practice with the direct help and careful supervision of a teacher.

Video - how to write an essay on social studies

If you haven't tried essay writing yet, watch the video.

Unlike an essay on literature or the Russian language, where the minimum amount of work is clearly specified and general reflection is allowed (“philosophizing” without specification), in an essay on social science the volume is not limited, but its structure and content are fundamentally different. A social studies essay is actually an answer to the question: “Do I agree with this statement and why?” That is why an essay on social science must contain strict argumentation, scientificity and specificity. At the same time, it should be noted that very paradoxical, unusual statements that require imaginative thinking, a non-standard approach to solving the problem. This inevitably leaves its mark on the essay writing style and requires maximum concentration of strength and attention.

I would also like to add that the exam essay is graded specific people. In order for an expert, who checks from 50 to 80 papers a day, to mark an essay as worthy of attention, this essay must not only meet all the requirements set out below, but also be distinguished by a certain originality, originality and originality - this is implied by the genre of the essay itself. Therefore, it is necessary not only to present scientific and factual material on the topic, but also to pleasantly surprise you with the originality and flexibility of your thinking.

Algorithm for writing essays during the Unified State Exam

1. First of all, during the exam you need to properly manage your time. Practice shows that writing an essay requires spending at least 1-1.5 hours out of the 3.5 hours allotted for the Unified State Exam in Social Studies. It is most advisable to start writing an essay after all other KIM tasks have been completed, because This type of work requires maximum concentration of the graduate’s efforts.
2. Carefully read all the topics offered to choose from.
3. Select topics that are understandable, i.e. – the student must clearly understand what this statement is about, what the author wanted to say with this phrase. In order to remove doubts about whether he understands the topic correctly, the graduate must restate the phrase in his own words, defining the main idea. The student can do this orally or in a draft.
4. From the selected understandable statements, it is necessary to choose one topic - the one that the student knows best. It is necessary to note the fact that examinees often choose topics that are easy, in their opinion, but which turn out to be difficult when covering the topic due to the limited scientific and factual material on this issue (in other words, the phrase itself says everything, nothing can be added). In such cases, the essay comes down to a simple statement of the meaning of the statement in different options and is rated low by experts due to poor evidence base. Therefore, you need to choose the topic of the essay so that the student, when writing it, can fully demonstrate the completeness of his knowledge and the depth of his thoughts (i.e., the topic must be winning).
5. When choosing a topic for an essay, you must also pay attention to which social science the statement belongs to. Practice shows that a number of phrases can refer to several sciences at once. For example, I. Goethe’s statement “Man is determined not only by natural qualities, but also acquired ones” may belong to both philosophy and social psychology, and sociology. Accordingly, the content of the essay should vary depending on this, i.e. must be consistent with said basic science.
6. There is no need to write the entire essay as a draft. Firstly, due to limited time, and secondly, due to the fact that at the time of writing an essay some thoughts come, and at the time of rewriting - others, and redoing a finished text is much more difficult than creating a new one. In the draft, the graduate makes only an outline of his essay, approximate short sketches of the meaning of the phrase, his argumentation, the points of view of scientists, concepts and theoretical positions that he is going to present in his work, as well as the approximate order of their arrangement one after another, taking into account the semantic logic of the essay.
7. IN mandatory the student must express his personal attitude to the chosen topic in a clearly defined formulation (“I agree”, “I disagree”, “I don’t completely agree”, “I agree, but partially” or phrases that are similar in meaning and meaning). The presence of a personal attitude is one of the criteria on the basis of which experts evaluate an essay.
8. Without fail, the graduate must state his understanding of the meaning of the statement. Those. The high school student explains in his own words what the author wanted to say with this phrase. It is more advisable to do this at the very beginning of the essay. And if you combine the requirements of this paragraph with the provisions of the previous one, then this is what, for example, the beginning of an essay on philosophy “Before talking about the benefit of satisfying needs, you need to decide what needs constitute the benefit” will look like: “I completely agree with the statement of the great Russian writer of the second halfXIX– beginningXXcenturies L.N. Tolstoy, in which he talks about real and imaginary needs."
9. You need to be very careful in selecting arguments to support your point of view. Arguments must be convincing and justified. Data from relevant sciences are used as arguments, historical facts, facts from public life. Arguments of a personal nature (examples from personal life) are rated the lowest, so their use as evidence is undesirable. It should be remembered that any personal example can easily be “transformed” into an example from public life, from social practice, if you write about it in a third person (for example, not “The saleswoman in the store was rude to me, thereby violating my consumer rights”, A “Let’s say that the saleswoman was rude to citizen S. Thus, she violated his rights as a consumer.” The number of arguments in an essay is not limited, but 3-5 arguments are most optimal for revealing the topic. It should also be remembered that examples from history are most relevant in political science, partly in legal and sociological topics, as well as in philosophical topics related to theory social progress. Examples from social practice (public life) - in sociological, economic, legal topics. Data from the relevant sciences must be used when choosing any of the topics.
10. The use of terms, concepts, and definitions in an essay must be competent and appropriate in relation to the chosen topic and science. The essay should not be overloaded with terminology, especially if these concepts are not related to the chosen problem. Unfortunately, some graduates try to insert as many terms as possible into their work, violating the principle of expediency and reasonable sufficiency. Thus, they show that they have not learned to correctly use scientific terminology. The term should be mentioned appropriately; such a mention should indicate its correct understanding.
11. It is very welcome if a graduate in his essay indicates the points of view of other researchers on the issues under consideration, provides a link to different interpretations problem and various ways to solve it (if possible). Indication of other points of view can be direct (for example: “Lenin thought this way:..., and Trotsky thought differently:..., and Stalin did not agree with both of them:...”), but can be indirect, non-specific, non-personalized: “A number of researchers think this way:..., others think differently:..., and some suggest something completely different:....”
12. It is very welcome if the essay indicates who the author of this statement was. The indication should be brief but precise (see example in paragraph 8). If, when arguing your position on this issue, it is appropriate to mention the views of the author of the phrase, this must be done.
13. Arguments must be presented in strict sequence, the internal logic of presentation in the essay must be clearly visible. The student should not jump from one to another and return to the first again without explanation and internal connection, connecting the individual provisions of his work.
14. The essay must end with a conclusion that briefly summarizes the thoughts and reasoning: “Thus, based on all of the above, it can be argued that the author was right in his statement.”

Essay Examples on the topic of:

Philosophy “Revolution is a barbaric way of progress” (J. Jaures)

For the highest score

I completely agree with the statement of the famous French socialist, historian and political figure of the first half of the twentieth century, Jean Jaurès, in which he talks about the features of the revolutionary path of social progress, about distinctive features revolution. Indeed, revolution is one of the ways of progress, movement forward, to better and complex forms organizations social order. But since a revolution is a radical disruption of the entire existing system, a transformation of all or most aspects of social life, occurring in a short period of time, this form of progress is always accompanied by a large number of victims and violence.

If we remember the revolutionary year of 1917 in Russia, we will see that both revolutions entailed the most severe confrontation in society and the country, which resulted in a terrible Civil War, accompanied by unprecedented bitterness, millions of dead and injured, unprecedented devastation in the national economy.

If we remember the Great French Revolution, we will also see the rampant Jacobin terror, the guillotine, “working” seven days a week, and a series of incessant revolutionary wars.

If we remember the English bourgeois revolution, we will also see civil war, repression against dissidents.

And when we look at the history of the United States, we will see that both bourgeois revolutions that took place in this country took the form of war: first, the War of Independence, and then the Civil War.

The list of examples from history can go on and on, but wherever a revolution occurs - in China, Iran, the Netherlands, etc. – everywhere it was accompanied by violence, i.e. barbarism from the perspective of a civilized person.

And even though other thinkers exalted revolution (such as Karl Marx, who argued that revolutions are the locomotives of history), even though reactionaries and conservatives denied the role of revolutions in social progress, the point of view of J. Jaurès is closer to me: yes, revolution is a way of progress, a movement for the better, but carried out by barbaric methods, that is, with the use of cruelty, blood and violence. Happiness cannot be created through violence!

For a small point

In his quote, the author talks about revolution and progress. Revolution is a way of transforming reality into a short time, and progress is moving forward. Revolution is not progress. After all, progress is reform. It cannot be said that the revolution does not produce positive results - for example, the Russian revolution allowed workers and peasants to get rid of a difficult situation. But by definition, revolution is not progress, because progress is all that is good, and revolution is all that is bad. I disagree with the author who classifies revolution as progress.

Essay outline

Introduction
1) A clear indication of the problem of the statement:
“The statement I have chosen concerns the problem...”
“The problem with this statement is...”
2) Explanation of the choice of topic (what is the significance or relevance of this topic)
“Everyone is concerned about the question...”
“The RELEVANCE of this topic lies in...”
3) Reveal the meaning of the statement from the point of view of social science, 1-2 sentences
4) Introduction of the author and his point of view
“The author argued (said, thought) from such a point of view...”
5) Your own interpretation of this phrase, YOUR OWN POINT OF VIEW (DO YOU AGREE OR NOT)
“I think...” “I agree with the author of the statement...”
6) Expressing your position, moving on to the main part of the essay

P.S. It would be a plus if in the introduction you provide information about the author of the statement and insert a definition of the chosen field of the essay (philosophy, politics, economics, law, etc.)

Argumentation:
1) Theoretical argumentation of the problem. At least 3 aspects of the theoretical discussion of the topic must be presented.
For example: reveal the concept itself, give examples, analyze features, functions, classifications, properties.
2) Practical argument or example from public life