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The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is the most authoritative and significant award Russian Federation. Among the persons to whom it was awarded during its three-hundred-year history are kings, dignitaries, members of the Senate, outstanding commanders and naval commanders, scientists and cultural figures.
The Order was introduced into the award system on November 30, 1698 by Decree of Tsar Peter I. The choice of the figure of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called was not accidental. This apostle was at the same time one of the first disciples who followed Jesus Christ and the first baptist of Rus'. Thus, the Christian essence of Russia and its equality with the countries of Europe were emphasized.
In 1918, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle was abolished as a non-Soviet award. On July 1, 1998, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin, the order was again returned to the list of the main awards of Russia. They began to award them to outstanding people who contributed to the prosperity of Russia through their activities.
Description of the order
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called consists of 4 elements:
Order chain,
Order ribbon.
Badge of the Order
The height of the sign is 8.6 centimeters, width - 6 centimeters. The sign itself is an elongated silver cross superimposed on a relief image of a double-headed eagle. The cross is covered with a layer of gold and blue enamel. It contains an image of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, crucified on the cross. Along the edges of the cross there are four letters engraved in gold - “S”, “A”, “P”, “R”. They stand for Sanctus Andreas Patronus Russiae - Saint Andrew the Patron of Russia. The double-headed eagle, located under the image of the cross, is made of gold. The heads of the eagles and the distance between them are crowned with three crowns. The eagle's paws hold the lower part of the cross.
On the reverse side of the sign there is also an image of an eagle, but made of white enamel. The eagle's chest is decorated with the inscription in black enamel: “FOR FAITH AND LOYALTY.”
A small hole was made in the area of the middle crown of the eagles. A cross is hung through it on a silk ribbon. The ribbon is light blue. Its width is exactly 10 centimeters.
Star of the Order
The height of the star is 8.2 centimeters. The star is made of silver and has eight corners. The inner part of the star is occupied by a red medallion with a blue border. In its center is an image of a double-headed eagle. The heads of the eagles and the distance between them are crowned with three crowns. The image of St. Andrew's Cross is engraved on the eagles' chest. Top part The medallion is decorated with the gold inscription “FOR FAITH AND LOYALTY”, the lower one is decorated with green enamel laurel branches crossed with each other. The branches are tied with a golden ribbon.
On the reverse side of the sign there is a pin intended for attaching it to clothing.
If a commander or naval commander is awarded, then two gilded swords crossed with each other are attached to the badge. They are placed under the middle crown above the double-headed eagle. The length of each sword is 4.7 centimeters, the width is 0.3 centimeters. This is reflected on the star as follows: images of swords are attached in front of the medallion, on top of the middle rays of the star.
Order chain
The order chain consists of 17 consecutive links connected to each other by three rings. They are made of gold and silver. The links contain the following images: a double-headed eagle, the chest of which is decorated with a colored enamel figure of St. George the Victorious; cartouche with the gilded monogram of Peter I, decorated with a crown; red rosette with golden rays imitating radiance. The letters “S”, “A”, “P”, “R” are engraved in the center of the rosette.
Sash
The tape has the following dimensions: 1.2 centimeters in height, 4.5 centimeters in width. For officers it is decorated with miniature swords. The ribbon can be worn separately in the form of a rosette with a diameter of 2.2 centimeters on uniforms.
Wearing the order
The badge of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is worn on especially solemn occasions on top of the other orders. It is worn on an order chain or on a shoulder ribbon. In the latter case, the tape is thrown over the right shoulder. The star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle is worn on the left side of the chest.
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is the highest state award of the Russian Federation. It is awarded to outstanding government and public figures and other citizens of the Russian Federation for exceptional services contributing to the prosperity, greatness and glory of Russia, as well as heads and leaders of governments foreign countries for outstanding services to the Russian Federation.
Apostle Andrew is known as a tireless traveler and preacher of Christianity. He was also revered as the patron saint of sailors.
In honor of him, on December 10 (November 30, old style) 1698 (according to other sources - in March 1699), Peter I established the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called, which until 1917 was the highest state award in Russia.
The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was awarded for extraordinary services to the Fatherland to officers no lower than a general, statesmen and clergy. The first holder of the order in 1699 was the diplomat and statesman Fyodor Golovin. Peter I himself was awarded this award only the sixth time, in 1703, for the capture of Swedish warships at the mouth of the Neva.
In 1797, Paul I of the Imperial Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called.
In total, during the existence of the order, from 900 to 1100 people became its cavaliers, according to various sources.
In 1917, the order was abolished and only on July 1, 1998 it was restored by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 757 “On the restoration of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called.”
The badge of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle is worn on the order chain or on the shoulder ribbon. The order itself has a badge, a star, an order chain and an order ribbon.
The badge of the order is an oblong oblique cross made of silver with gilding, covered with blue enamel, with the image of the crucified Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called on it. At the ends of the cross there are golden letters “S”, “A”, “P”, “R” (Sanctus Andreas Patronus Russiae - Saint Andrew the Patron of Russia). The cross is superimposed on a relief gilded double-headed eagle, crowned with three crowns and supporting the lower ends of the oblique cross with its paws. On the reverse side of the badge, on the chest of the eagle, on a white field, the motto of the order is written in black enamel: “For faith and fidelity.” The cross is suspended on a blue enamel ribbon from the middle crown.
The order's ribbon is silk, moire, blue color. A silver star, eight-pointed, in the center of it in a round medallion covered with red enamel, a relief gilded image of a double-headed eagle crowned with three crowns, on the chest of the eagle - an image of the St. Andrew's Cross.
At the top, along the circumference, on a blue enamel background with gilded edging, is the motto of the order: “For Faith and Loyalty,” below is an image of two crossed laurel branches, covered with green enamel and tied with a gilded ribbon.
The order chain consists of 17 alternating links of three types: a gilded image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation in the form of a double-headed eagle with a shield on the chest round shape with a rider, made in color; crowned with a crown and framed with military fittings, a cartouche filled with blue enamel, in the center of which is placed the gilded monogram of Peter I; rosette covered with red enamel and divided by gilded stripes in the form of a radiance. A St. Andrew's cross (oblique, covered with blue enamel) passes through the middle of the rosette, between the ends of which the letters “S”, “A”, “P”, “R” are placed. The chain links are connected by rings. The chain is made of silver with gilding and hot enamels.
15 people became Knights of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, restored in 1998. Academician was the first to receive this honor Russian Academy Sciences Dmitry Likhachev "for his outstanding contribution to the development of national culture."
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called was also awarded to the famous designer Mikhail Kalashnikov (1998), President of Kazakhstan
Surprisingly, the sketch of this sign was created by Peter I himself! This highest award Russian Empire was the very first and most prestigious Russian order, which remained so until October revolution 1917. His heavenly patron became Andrew the First-Called. The order is dedicated specifically to this saint, since he was always considered the protector of Rus' and the spreader of Christianity in Great Scythia, part of the territory where modern Russia. The apostle about whom we're talking about, was one of the very first disciples of Christ, which is why he is known as Andrew the First-Called. The order created in his honor is almost the most expensive in the world. Its estimated cost exceeds $5 million.
Description
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called was established by Peter I in 1698. This award included a star, cross and ribbon. The first component of it was worn on the left chest above all other regalia. This silver star in the center was decorated with a double-headed eagle, which was crowned with three crowns, and on top was a St. Andrew's cross with a crucifix. Around the circle on a blue background is the motto of the Order “For Faith and Loyalty.”
The award cross was made in the form of a golden double-headed eagle with three crowns, on which, like on the star, the crucifix of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called was superimposed. On back side The motto of the order was written on this sign. This cross was usually worn, like all the highest state awards of the first degrees, on a ribbon at the hip. For this sign, a blue moiré sash approximately 10-12 cm wide was worn, which was worn over the right shoulder.
There were cases when the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was worn around the neck, hanging it on a gold chain, consisting of a number of double-headed eagles, coats of arms, St. Andrew's crosses and other links made in the form of medallions. All signs, as well as the chain itself, were quite often decorated with a scattering of small diamonds, so after the death of the gentleman, the heirs were obliged to return everything back to the state treasury.
In 1855, according to the decree of Emperor Nicholas I, one addition was made to the design of the star and cross. Thus, when rewarding people for specific military merits, they were awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called with swords depicted crosswise and located under the third upper crown.
Statute
Surprisingly, the official regulations on the Order of St. Andrew were approved by Paul I only in 1797, that is, after almost a hundred years. A star with a cross, decorated with diamonds, became the highest state award, which was presented by the emperor himself at his personal request. The new statute stated that starting from this year, it is prohibited to decorate the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called with any precious stones.
This insignia was a reward of kings and top officials Russian state. It is worth noting that both the autocrats and their heirs were not required to perform any heroic deeds in order to receive this award. The Grand Dukes were presented with a blue ribbon with an order immediately upon baptism, and the rest of the relatives, in whose veins imperial blood flowed, upon coming of age.
Peculiarities
At that time, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called literally determined the position of its owner in society, as well as the rank to which he was elevated. This award could only be given to persons with a rank of at least privy councilor, vice admiral or lieutenant general. A person who was awarded the St. Andrew's sign automatically became a holder of the Order of the White Eagle, Alexander Nevsky, as well as the first degrees of Saints Stanislav and Anna. Having received the highest award of the Russian Empire, its owner did not have to wear the attributes of other orders and their ribbons at all.
Few people know, but until the 19th century, all the highest awards were made by hand by various jewelry artists. Even the most famous master in the world, Gustav Faberge, did this. Considering this fact, we can say with confidence that one Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (photos are given above) will certainly differ from the other not only in its picturesque image, but also in the shade of enamel or size. Although the statute of the order described in detail what should be drawn on it, it did not say anything about how it should be done. Such uncertainty gave artists some creative freedom, which sometimes led to deviations from the rules.
First gentleman
It became F.A. Golovin in March 1699. This statesman was an active assistant and like-minded person of Peter I in the matter concerning the creation of both the regular army and the Russian fleet. In addition, Fyodor Alekseevich was a competent diplomat and from 1686 to 1689 served as ambassador to China. His merit was that he was able to sign the Nerchinsk Treaty, which was very beneficial for the Russian Empire, which dealt with the border between the two countries.
6 years after returning to his homeland, he became a participant in two Azov campaigns. During the second of them, he was the commander of the first Russian squadron that fought in the Sea of Azov. In 1697, Golovin returned to his diplomatic activities and, thanks to his rich experience and indefatigable energy, helped Peter I achieve great success during the Great Embassy abroad.
A little later, Fedor Alekseevich became the head of the Ambassadorial, Naval and Yamsky orders, as well as the head of the Golden, Silver and Armory Chambers. Admiral General and Field Marshal Golovin was actually the creator of higher military education in Russia. Therefore, it is not surprising that when, according to the decree of Peter I, the country’s first school of navigation and mathematical sciences was opened in Moscow, it was Fedor Alekseevich who was entrusted to head it. For all of the above merits, he received the highest badge of the Russian Empire - the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called.
Subsequent awards
In February 1700, Peter I personally presented the second highest regalia of the Russian Empire. This time, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called went to the Ukrainian Hetman Mazepa for military actions against the Crimean Tatars. The next person to receive this honorary badge was Count Sheremetyev, having achieved victory over the Swedes. The emperor himself was sixth on this list.
Number seven was A.D. Menshikov because, together with the tsar and a small detachment of guards during the battle, he boarded a boat and helped board two warships belonging to the Swedes. It is interesting that in that battle Peter I fought with the rank of captain of a company of bombardiers and for his courage Fyodor Golovin awarded him the Order of the Apostle Andrew the First-Called. Menshikov fought as a bombardier lieutenant.
Total number of awards issued
During the entire existence of the Order of St. Andrew, no more than 1 thousand people were awarded it. Peter I himself rarely encouraged his nobles with this sign. During his lifetime, he awarded the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called to only 38 worthy ones, 12 of whom were foreigners. The king's descendants also distributed it rather sparingly. Thus, Catherine I managed to award only 18 people, Peter II - 5, Anna Ioanovna -24, and 18 of them were foreigners, Elizabeth I - 83. The most St. Andrew's Orders were issued by Catherine II - exactly 100. Under her, this highest sign was received many prominent military and government officials. In 1807, even Napoleon was awarded it.
It must be said that the only order star from the era of Peter I that has survived to this day is the sign of Jacob Bruce, the military general who commanded the Russian artillery in the battle of Poltava. Now it is kept in the Moscow Historical Museum.
Recovery
In 1998, the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called was re-established by Decree of the President of Russia No. 757. As before, at the moment this award is the highest state sign of the Russian Federation. It is awarded to outstanding public and government figures, as well as ordinary citizens of the Russian Federation, only for exceptional services to the Motherland, which significantly contributed to the greatness, glory and prosperity of the country. The Order of St. Andrew can reward both foreign leaders and heads of government for special services to Russia.
Knights of the modern St. Andrew's Order
The first person to receive the new award was Academician D. S. Likhachev. He was awarded in 1998 for his outstanding contribution to the development of Russian culture.
The second recipient was Major General M. T. Kalashnikov, who was at that time the chief designer and head of the design bureau at Izhmash JSC. He was given the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called in the same year as the first, for the contribution he made to the defense of his homeland.
The next award was given to the famous dissident and sixties activist A.I. Solzhenitsyn in 1999. His outstanding contribution to the moral and spiritual revival of the country was appreciated by the government of the Russian Federation. But he never wanted to accept it from the hands of then President Boris Yeltsin.
The fourth Order of St. Andrew was awarded to Alexy II (in the world A.M. Ridiger) in 1999 for the same merits as the previous recipient.
And the top five holders of the Order of St. Andrew is completed by the director of the Moscow Research Institute of Transplantology, V. I. Shumakov. This award was presented to him in 2002. His outstanding achievements in the field of medical science and healthcare in general were awarded the highest award of the Russian Federation.
Features of the new order
The author of the sketch of the revived sign was People's Artist of Russia E. I. Ukhnalev. It should be noted that the new Order of St. Andrew the First-Called (its photo can be seen above) looks almost the same as its ancient predecessor. The only difference is that the old one has been replaced state symbols to a new one. Well, in general, when restoring the order, they tried to preserve its historical surroundings.
Place of manufacture
The first four St. Andrew's Orders were made at a center called "Russian Crafts", located in the city of Yaroslavl. But soon the St. Petersburg Mint began producing it. For this, the best Russian craftsmen were involved, because the work on creating the order is done manually and requires very high professional qualifications. In the process of its production, not one jewelry technique is used, but several: casting, gilding, enamel painting, silver nielloing, hand engraving and multi-color enameling.
The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle has a sign and a star.
The badge of the order is an oblique cross made of silver with gilding, covered with blue enamel, with the image of the crucified figure of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called on it. At the ends of the cross there are golden letters “S”, “A”, “P”, “R” (Sanctus Andreas Patronus Russiae - Saint Andrew the Patron of Russia). The cross is superimposed on a relief gilded figure of a double-headed eagle, crowned with three crowns, connected by a blue-enameled ribbon, and supporting the lower ends of the cross with its paws. On the reverse side of the sign, on the chest of the eagle, there is a ribbon covered with white enamel. On the ribbon, in straight letters covered with black enamel, is written the motto of the order: “FOR FAITH AND LOYALTY”; under the ribbon is the number of the badge. The badge is attached to the order ribbon using an eyelet on the reverse side of the middle crown. Sign height - 86 mm, width - 60 mm.
The order's ribbon is silk, moire, blue, 100 mm wide.
The star of the order is silver, eight-pointed. In the center of the star, in a round medallion covered with red enamel, there is a gilded relief image of a double-headed eagle crowned with three crowns; on the eagle's chest is an image of a St. Andrew's (oblique) cross covered in blue enamel. Around the medallion there is a border covered with blue enamel with gilded edging. On the border, in straight gilded letters, is the motto of the order: “FOR FAITH AND LOYALTY.” At the bottom of the border there is an image of two crossed laurel branches, covered with green enamel and tied with a gilded ribbon. The distance between the ends of the opposite rays of the star is 82 mm. On the reverse side of the star, in the lower part, is the number of the star of the order. The star is attached to clothing with a pin.
The order chain consists of 17 alternating links of three types: a gilded image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation in the form of a double-headed eagle with a round shield on the chest with a horseman made in colored enamels, striking a dragon with a spear; crowned with a crown and framed with military fittings, a cartouche covered with blue enamel, in the center of which is placed the gilded applied monogram of Peter I; gold-plated rosette in the form of a radiance with a medallion covered with red enamel. A blue St. Andrew's (oblique) cross passes through the middle of the rosette, between the ends of which the letters “S”, “A”, “P”, “R” are placed. The chain links are connected by rings. The chain is made of silver with gilding using hot enamels.
For those awarded for distinction in military operations, two crossed gilded swords are added to the badge and star of the order. On the badge of the order they are located under the middle crown above the double-headed eagle. The length of each sword is 47 mm, width is 3 mm. On the star of the order they are located on the diagonal rays of the star, under its central medallion. The length of each sword is 54 mm, width is 3 mm.
The ribbon of the order on uniform is worn on a bar 12 mm high, the width of the ribbon is 45 mm. For those awarded for distinction in military operations, the ribbon additionally contains two miniature crossed gilded swords
On the ribbon of the order in the form of a rosette is attached a miniature image of the insignia of the order made of golden-colored metal with enamel. The diameter of the socket is 16 mm.
For those awarded for distinction in military operations, on a ribbon in the form of a rosette there are additionally two miniature intersecting gilded swords, which do not extend beyond the rosette in size.
Statute of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is awarded to prominent government and public figures, outstanding representatives of science, culture, art and various sectors of the economy for exceptional services that contribute to the prosperity, greatness and glory of Russia.
The Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called can be awarded to heads (leaders) of foreign states for outstanding services to the Russian Federation.
The badge of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle is worn on the order chain or on the shoulder ribbon. When wearing the badge of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle on the shoulder ribbon, it passes over the right shoulder.
Wearing the badge of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called on the order chain is carried out, as a rule, on especially solemn occasions or if the recipient has the Order of St. George, 1st degree.
The star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle is worn on the left side of the chest and is located below the orders worn on blocks.
Those awarded for distinction in military operations are awarded the badge and star of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle with swords.
When wearing the ribbon of the Order of St. Andrew the Apostle on the bar, it is located above other order ribbons.
When wearing the ribbon of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called in the form of a rosette, it is located on the left side of the chest above other order ribbons in the form of rosettes.
After the recipient of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called is awarded, the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation ensures the production of a portrait of the recipient of the order.
A portrait of the recipient of the Order of the Holy Apostle Andrew the First-Called is exhibited at the State Central Museum modern history Russia.
Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle, established in 1698. Named in honor Apostle Andrew revered as the patron saint of the Russian land since the time of the Kyiv princes.
Images of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called Apostle:
The badge of the order is a blue St. Andrew's cross superimposed on top of a black double-headed eagle, crowned with three crowns. On the cross is an image of the crucified Holy Apostle Andrew, at the ends there are four golden Latin letters: S. A. R. R., meaning Sanctus Andreas Patronus Russiae (Saint Andrew, patron of Russia). On the reverse side there is a ribbon with the motto: “For faith and fidelity.” Worn on a blue moire ribbon over the right shoulder (width 10 cm).
The star is silver, eight-pointed. Worn on the left side of the chest. In the stars, on a gold medallion, is a black double-headed eagle with a blue St. Andrew's cross on the chest. Along the circumference, around the medallion, on a blue background is the motto. Until 1800, only a large St. Andrew's cross without an eagle was depicted on embroidered stars in the center.
The order chain consisted of three alternating elements: the state coat of arms, a trophy and a round enamel rosette with a superimposed blue St. Andrew's cross. The trophy (emblem, decoration of military banners, weapons) under Anna Ioannovna (1730-1740) received her monogram. Elizaveta Petrovna (1741-1761) replaced it with the monogram of Peter I. The chain was worn only on special occasions.
Initially, the chain consisted of 30 links, according to Pavlov’s “Establishment on Russian Orders” of 1797, the number of links decreased to 23. Since 1856, the chain consisted of 17 links: 7 imperial eagles with the Moscow coat of arms; 6 rosettes with St. Andrew's cross; 4 shields with the monogram of Peter 1 and a trophy. Until 1842, the chain was issued, with rare exceptions, only to domestic gentlemen.
Subsequently, differences in the execution of the orders concerned mainly the shape of the wings of the double-headed eagle, which changed in accordance with the heraldic tastes of the Russian emperors, as well as differences in the image of the figure of St. Andrew the Apostle - drawn on enamel or in relief, made with a gold stamp.
From June 17, 1856 to appearance a blue enamel ribbon is added between the upper crown and the double-headed eagle, made in the classical heraldic form, in this form it existed until 1917.
Order of St. Andrew the First-Called is a dynastic distinction of the Russian Empire, starting with Ivan Antonovich, everyone born in imperial family the boy became a knight of the order at baptism. Representatives of foreign Dominant Houses were awarded orders during the creation of political and dynastic alliances or to strengthen them. Presenting heads of state and members of their dynasties with the highest honors of another state - this was the generally accepted form of recognition of mutual sympathies and interests in the field international relations in the XVIII - early XX centuries.
The statute establishes that the complainant Order of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called, becomes a holder of the junior Russian orders: St. Alexander Nevsky, St. Anna of the first degree (and later the Orders of the White Eagle and St. Stanislav of the first degree), which are sent to him along with the signs of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called.
In the draft Statute of 1720, it was stated: “A gentleman may give several diamonds or other expensive stones to the treasurer for use on the cross and decorate it at his own will.” In the 18th century, decorating orders with precious stones was not forbidden, but was even recommended. In 1797, Paul I banned decoration with precious stones on personal initiative, and from that time on, orders with “diamond” or “brilliant” decorations became the highest degree issued from the Cabinet of His Imperial Majesty. The award was regarded as the highest gift, which remained in the family of the recipient. In total, there were no more than 170 such recipients, not counting members of the Imperial family.
From the moment the order was established, it was understood that the cavaliers would pay a lot of attention to matters of charity and mercy. Cavaliers consisting of Russian service, upon award, had to pay a fairly high amount to the Order Treasury, part of which went to charity. By decree of Emperor Paul I in 1797, the cavaliers were entrusted with the duties of supervision and guardianship over educational homes, all useful institutions for the care of the weak and poor. To carry out this decree, the recipients made a one-time contribution to the Chapter of Orders, which amounted to 400 rubles. In 1816, the amount of the contribution was doubled, half of this amount went to the maintenance of charitable institutions, and the other was directed to the needs of the Committee for the Wounded. From 1860 until 1917, those awarded for these purposes paid 500 rubles.
Order holiday - November 30, St. Apostle Andrew. Order Church: at first the cavaliers gathered in the Church of the Holy Trinity. The anniversaries of Poltava and the conclusion of the Peace of Nystadt in 1721 were celebrated in the temple, when Peter was “presented” with the title of emperor. Here Catherine 1, on March 25, 1725, placed on herself the signs of St. Apostle Andrew the First-Called. Since 1797, the Cathedral of St. became the order's church. Andrew the First-Called on Vasilyevsky Island.
In total, about 1,050 people were awarded the order.
Since 1699, the image of the order and chain of St. Andrew was introduced by Peter 1 in National emblem. This fact determined the role of the hordes. St. Andrew the First-Called as state regalia, along with the crown, orb and scepter. His signs also became part of military paraphernalia. As a symbol of the Guard, the St. Andrew's Star adorned the Guards' headdresses.