One of the most dangerous poisonous snakes The Australian black echidna, or, as locals call it, a black snake, is recognized in the world. Despite the fact that a reptile bite does not cause instant death, experts still advise staying as far away from it as possible. Let’s find out what an echidna looks like and whether its venom is dangerous for humans.

Appearance and dimensions

The black echidna, or black snake as it is called in Australia, is a colorful member of the Aspid family. Representatives of this species are considered one of the largest among snakes:

  • Adults can reach lengths of up to three meters. On average they grow from 1.5 m to 2 m;
  • the body of the snake is quite massive, wide, but at the same time slender and flexible;
  • the head is relatively small, short, slightly elongated, in the upper part it has a bluish-black tint, which has an extraordinary shine and radiance;
  • there are light brown spots on the nose and near the eyes;
  • the tail is long and flexible;
  • the entire body of the reptile is covered with small smooth scales, on which the same shiny dark bluish color flaunts;
  • below it is painted a noble red color.

On the upper jaw of the echidna you can see a pair of poisonous teeth, which differ from the rest in their large sizes. In the middle of the teeth there is a channel through which the poison passes, and the teeth themselves are slightly curved in the middle.

Most often, the snake uses only one poisonous tooth, the second serves as a spare one, in case the first one “does not work.” In addition to poisonous fangs, the reptile has many small non-poisonous teeth necessary for capturing prey.

Did you know? Until recently, almost all poisonous snakes were called echidnas, in particular common viper. Only with mid-19th century, the black echidna received official status.

Poisonous or not

The bite of a black echidna can in some cases be fatal to human health. In terms of the volume of poison secreted, this reptile occupies one of the leading places. Its venom is a strong neurotoxic substance that provokes protein coagulation in the human body. When attacking, the echidna extends its head to a length of 15–20 cm, tilts the front part of its body and instantly bites.
Despite the fact that many cases of bites by this reptile have been recorded, deaths are quite rare. The thing is that when biting a person, it releases much less toxic substance than when hunting or killing an animal.

Important! The black echidna is especially dangerous due to its habit of remaining motionless at the bottom of the reservoir. But at the same time, she is the first to attack only in case of defense, when she is shown aggression or when she is simply stepped on.

Range, habitat

The only regions where the black echidna can be found are Australia and the island of New Guinea. The reptile prefers to settle in low-lying damp areas, near ponds, swamps and rivers. The echidna is an excellent swimmer and diver and loves to spend time underwater, without additional inhalation of oxygen.

Lifestyle and diet

The echidna is most active in daytime when the reservoirs warm up to a comfortable temperature for her. She swims and dives for a long time, loves to soak up the sun. If she is not hunting or sunbathing, she may hide under rocks or in her own hole.

Did you know? Black snake can remain under water without air for more than one hour.

The snake's favorite food is small vertebrates, in particular frogs. The reptile can absorb them in large volumes, sometimes “diluting” the menu with insects and lizards. Often other snakes, including “relatives,” are present in the diet. Juveniles prefer to feed on insects or small mammals.
After ag - poisonous toads were placed in the ecosystem of the black echidna, the number of reptiles sharply decreased. However, today there is a tendency towards an increase in the population, this is due to the fact that snakes have managed to “reconsider” their diet, and prefer small rodents to toads. At home, the black echidna is fed on frogs, mice and rats.

Reproduction

The black snake belongs to the viviparous category. Inside the female are eggs in which the young develop, feeding on the egg yolk. Shortly before the biological process of birth, small snakes hatch from eggs and exit through the reproductive tract. The shells from eggs are absorbed in the same place - in the genital tract.

It should be noted that this type of reptile is extremely prolific. From 8 to 40 babies with a length of 15 to 22 cm can be born at one time. However, the mortality rate of cubs is also high, and by the beginning of puberty there are few of them left.
Natural process The mating of snakes is quite interesting. At this time, the males enter into battle for the right to “own” the female. The opponents crawl on top of each other, bend their necks, and try to put their head on top of their opponent’s. If one of them manages to do this, then he wraps his whole body around the body of the other male and begins to squeeze.

Important! During such unique tournament fights, snakes never bite each other.

The second participant does the same. Such mutual squeezing of the bodies continues for about a minute, then the snakes crawl away for a while to rest.

Next comes the second stage of the battle. This continues until one of the males is completely exhausted. The reason for such fights is, firstly, sexual arousal, and secondly, the division of “one’s” territory.
The black echidna is on the list of the most poisonous snakes in the world, but it rarely shows aggression towards humans. But even in the event of a bite, after providing timely medical care, the fatality rate is reduced to almost zero.

September 12th, 2015

Original taken from rodom_iz_tiflis in Biblical genetics. Spawn of echidnas.

Preliminary remarks.

Everything stated below is the fruit of my thoughts, inspired by discussions on the Internet. Thoughts and judgments can be completely wrong, like any person, but I have the right to think this way. In no case do I pursue the goal of somehow offending the feelings of believers or imposing my opinion, but I set myself the task of understanding what the Bible is actually about.

Genesis
The first book of the Bible tells about genetic experiments as a result of which Adam was created, and it is called “Genesis” in the sense of “generation”, although in Russian publications it is traditionally incorrectly translated as “Genesis”.

Michelangelo, "The Fall and Expulsion from Paradise"


God creates man immediately bisexual in the first chapter of Genesis (book of Genesis).

upd: Bisexual - I mean male and female, as it is written:

This normal people, which reproduce freely and without problems and inhabit the entire Earth. Further narration about them is interrupted and the Bible immediately moves on to the second act of creation.

Omitting the details, I will clarify that it is not God, but someone the Lord God, who creates a human clone in a repeated act of creation in a laboratory called Eden.

And again the Russian translation is disingenuous, since in the original the Lord God sounds in plural- Elohim (translated as “Gods”). That is, Adam was created as a result of genetic cloning, not by God, but by the creative team of the Elohim. Later, Eve was created from Adam’s genetic material. .


upd: Adam for a long time I was alone in Eden. Moreover, he, being alone, without Eve, even received a commandment - not to eat the forbidden fruit! I wonder what would have happened if he had tasted this fruit before Eve was created?

Who were Adam and Eve created in a genetic experiment?
The Bible gives a clear answer, in black and white, if you only read what it says and not the ridiculous interpretations:

Both Adam and Eve were Nagas, that is, creatures with hybrid, human and snake genetics.

Adam's first wife
The fact that Adam’s first wife was not Eve at all, but the serpentine Lilith, is well known from apocryphal literature and images. Michelangelo, who depicted Moses with horns, in the scene of the Fall depicted the serpent with two tails in the form of a maiden snake (see image above). There are many other images of Lilith as a naked woman with clear reptilian features on her lower body.

Apparently, Adam could not create viable offspring with Lilith due to genetic incompatibility. The first genetic experiment was a failure.

However, Lilith by no means disappeared from Eden and became widely known under other names. For example - Melusine. I recommend a great post about the legend of Melusine, who became the founder of royal dynasties. According to legend, Melusine was the niece of King Arthur.

Discovering Melusine's secret. Gillebert de Metz, ca. 1410.
French National Library

In other sources, Lilith-Melusina is called Echidna, who was depicted as a woman with a beautiful face and a spotted snake body, combining beauty and a fierce character. There are other names for this kind of creature: folk legends of Southern France (Provence and Languedoc) talk about a terrible monster Voivre(or fire snake) which “from the waist down the image of a man is immat, like a maiden, and from the waist down the image of crocodiles is immat”

Let us remember two points regarding Lilith:
- one of her names is Echidna, who is depicted with pronounced bare breasts and a snake-like lower part;
- another of her names is Melusine, who, according to legend, was the niece of King Arthur.

Features of Biblical Reproduction
More than once in the Bible there is direct reference to the fact that a man gave birth to a man.
Here is an example from the first book of the Old Testament, the same Genesis:

And here is the very beginning of the New Testament, the Gospel of Matthew:

All these men being born male are extremely confusing to pure minds who are reading the Bible for the first time. Interpreters have their own answers, which are neither convincing nor transparent.

Let us remember, however, that all of the “men” listed are descendants of that genetically bred Naga Adam, with a mixed reptilian genotype. Reptiles have unique property- their gender changes depending on external conditions, for example - temperature.

In this context, it becomes quite clear how Abraham could give birth to Isaac, Isaac - Jacob, and he - a whole set of boys. There is just one “but” - reptiles lay eggs, with the exception of some exceptions in the form of viviparous lizards.

It is interesting that Jesus more than once called his relatives snakes and brood of vipers:

That is, if you listen to the words of Jesus and perceive them as they are, he openly called the descendants of Adam snakes and the offspring of Lilith-Echidna. Jesus knew about their genetics, unlike us.

There is a funny animal, which is also called echidna:

A unique feature of this animal, which lives in Australia, Tasmania and New Guinea, is that, as a mammal, it lays soft, leathery eggs, which it then carries in a pouch. ( dmitrijan , well, who would have thought! :) That is, the animal, like Lilith-Melusina-Echidna, combines the intermediate genetics of a mammal and an oviparous animal.

What, besides genetics, could Jesus have meant when he called his relatives not just echidnas, but BODIES of echidnas? The interpretations of Bible scholars, including John Chrysostom, do not stand up to criticism.

the Virgin Mary
The Virgin Mary is always depicted in long skirt, at least on numerous canvases and sculptures that I saw in many museums in Portugal. Collections of strange skirts are widely represented at Assucareira, for example, at least

I have no clear evidence, except for the internal conviction that the Virgin Mary was of the same tailed clan-tribe as Lilith. Deprived of the opportunity to produce viable offspring on her own, she had to resort to the genetic procedure of IVF, which was called “conception by spirit.”

Apparently, this experiment was successful and to some extent took revenge on the unsuccessful experiment in Eden. Jesus was the first viable result of an experiment in crossing creatures a la Lilith and the human genotype. This is why Jesus often called himself “Son of Man.”

Representatives of other laboratories came running to see the successes of biblical genetics. Nothing else can explain such interest in the baby. See how closely the result of a successful experiment is studied. And other geneticists stand in line with vessels for genetic material. And don’t pretend that these are toys for a baby or valuable gifts for his mother. Better pay attention to the proportions of the lower body of Jesus' mother.

As a result of the experiment, it was possible to naturally cross the genetics of original people and hybrids from the second chapter of Genesis, the descendants of Adam. All noble families went through such genetics, mythologized in some places, as in the case of King Arthur or Melusine.

So what is the holy grail in this case with the blood of Jesus that gives immortality? This is a vessel with genetic material that allows Lilith-like creatures to have viable offspring in Earth conditions. Call them reptilians, if you like, although the term has already been worn out.
The birth of Jesus as a result of IVF gave reptilians the opportunity to give birth to viable offspring from a woman, and not reproduce from man to man, like lizards and snakes or the offspring of echidnas. Isn’t this the story of King Arthur, Melusine-Echidna’s uncle, who was so looking for the Holy Grail?

Son of man
Jesus is perhaps a collective image. I wouldn't like to think that it all comes down to just genetics. But still, in conclusion, let’s look at a few more paintings that I happened to see together with Assucareira in one of the little-known Portuguese museums, I don’t even remember which one.

The painting depicts the captivity of Jesus. The codpiece of the right soldier, a Roman, stands out clearly, as if giving a hint about the artist’s intention.
Right in the middle of the composition, a soldier makes an obscene gesture, checking for the presence of a male organ on Jesus. This does not look like a mockery, but rather a certification of authenticity before the captivity, as if by the presence of an organ one could reliably determine that it was Jesus. That is, it turns out that before Jesus, the reproduction of Adam’s descendants took place in a completely different way, which is impossible to imagine today?

Maybe, in fact, Jesus showed himself New Testament, New Era for them, the descendants of Adam, hybrids crossed with humans, who received the opportunity to reproduce and thus prolong their race? Maybe the Son of Man sowed a completely different seed, like a “breeding” producer?

John the Christite knows about the details of Biblical genetics, but is silent, holding a vessel with a snake in his hands.

Understanding that around us there are creatures that look the same, but are completely different internally, is the most important step in protecting our original rights and interests.

BLACK ECHIDNA (Pseudechis porphyriacus) or black snake, distributed throughout Eastern and Southern Australia, reaches a length of 1.5-2 m. The shiny black color of the upper side of the body is effectively combined with the reddish color of the belly. The black snake lives in moderately damp low-lying areas and along river valleys, willingly goes into the water, swims and dives well. It feeds on frogs, lizards, and snakes. Juveniles prefer insects and other invertebrates. In captivity, the black snake eats mice well.

Classification

Kingdom: Animalia (animals)
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia (reptiles)
Order: Squamata (scaly)
Suborder: Serpentes (snakes)
Family: Elipidae (slates)
Genus: Pseudechis (echidnas)
Species: Pseudechis porphyriacus (black echidna)

Habitat

It lives throughout Australia, mainly in the southern and eastern parts, as well as on the islands of New Guinea, with the exception of Tasmania and the north of the country. It prefers to settle near water areas, but can also live in damp lowlands. Favorite habitats are swamps and rivers. The black echidna is an excellent swimmer and diver who can long time(up to 1 hour) spend under water without additional inhalation of air. It is most active during the daytime, when the water warms up well.

Description

The black echidna is the largest venomous snake in the world, and also one of the most venomous snakes tropical zone and is rightfully included in the list of the seven most dangerous snakes planets. In Australia, the black echidna is simply called "black snake" by locals.
Until the mid-19th century, echidna was often mistakenly called a variety of poisonous snakes, including the common viper. On average, it reaches 1.5 - 2.0 meters in length, but individuals about three meters long have been recorded.
The body and head of the black snake are colored shiny, bluish-black on top. The underside is colored from pink to bright red with black border. The scales of this species are smooth and symmetrical. Its body is thin, its head is small, narrow, covered with sparse brown spots, which are located near the eyes and on the nose of the snake.
Doubles poisonous teeth located in the anterior part of the shortened maxillary bones; they are noticeably larger than the other teeth, curved back and equipped with a poison-conducting channel; fixed motionless (primitive feature). The venom-conducting channel in asps originates from a groove on the front surface of the tooth by gradually closing its edges. Usually only one of the poisonous teeth functions; the second is a “substitute” in case of loss of the first. In addition to fangs, the upper jaw has small teeth.
If danger is suspected, the snake extends its neck above the ground to a height of 10-20 cm, tilts the front part of the body and at this time inflicts a bite. Its bite can potentially be fatal to humans; it almost holds the record for the amount of poison it secretes and produces. The neurotoxic poison it secretes can cause protein coagulation in the body. The black echidna is especially dangerous for swimmers because of its manner of lying motionless on the bottom of the river without showing signs of life. However, she only attacks if she is stepped on, shows open aggression, or tries to catch her. Deaths, as a result of the bite of this snake are quite rare, despite the fact that in Australia there are many more people bitten by this particular snake than those who received bites from other snakes. The fact is that its poison, although produced in large quantities, does not provide strong impact, due to the fact that in case of defense the snake releases less venom than when hunting.

Nutrition

The black echidna's main diet consists of small vertebrates, mainly frogs.
Juveniles of this species prefer to eat insects and other invertebrates, reptiles and small mammals. They can also eat snakes, including those of their own species. After the artificial introduction of aga toads covered with poisonous mucus into the ecosystem, a significant part of the population died. However, in Lately, there is a significant increase in the number of these snakes. This happened due to the fact that black echidnas changed their nutritional priorities and began to give preference to rodents in their diet. In captivity, the black echidna also readily feeds on mice.

Reproduction

During the mating period, males of this species engage in tournament fights among themselves for the female. They step on each other, arching their necks and raising their heads, trying to cover the opponent's head with their own. When one of them succeeds, he wraps his body around the opponent’s torso with a sharp movement. Furiously wriggling and hissing, they squeeze each other. After a while, as if on a signal, they stop the combat and crawl away to prepare for the next stage of the fight. Each of these “stages” lasts about a minute, and they are repeated until the males are completely exhausted. They can be so carried away by the tournament that they may not untangle themselves even if they are lifted from the ground. Typically, during the horizontal bar, snakes do not bite each other.
In addition to sexual arousal, the reason for such fights is also the territorial instinct.
The black echidna belongs to the so-called ovoviviparous snakes, like other adders. This means that she gives birth to already formed and viable cubs. Most often, as in the case of the black echidna, viviparity is simply the result of eggs retained in the female's oviducts. Those. eggs develop not in the ground, not in moss, not in a pile of dry leaves, like most snakes, but in the mother’s body. At the same time, a dense network of blood vessels develops in the snake’s oviducts and oxygen from the mother’s blood seeps into the egg, ensuring the baby’s breathing. It gets its nutrition from egg yolk. Zoologists call this phenomenon with the somewhat clumsy word “ovoviviparity.”
Snakes that managed to master viviparity received a lot of advantages compared to other representatives of their suborder. First of all, their eggs are constantly under reliable protection. In this case, the mother can calmly hunt, and not sit by the nest, tied, like king cobra, which constantly guards the eggs. In addition, the snake can choose the most suitable places at any given time - well-warmed, which is especially important in the north, or cool, which is very important in tropical deserts. It is very difficult to find a place where favorable conditions are constantly maintained for a long time.
The size of the cubs is on average about 15 - 22 cm in length. A female can give birth to from 8 to 40 cubs, however, due to high mortality, few survive to adulthood. The first molt occurs 10 - 11 days after birth.

Additionally

The venom of the black echidna does not have a significant effect on the walls of blood vessels and platelets, so coagulopathies in clinical practice in case of poisoning with venoms of Australian asps do not pose a particularly serious problem, although, in rare cases, the possibility of intracerebral hemorrhages exists and can cause death. Of the representatives of this group, the venom of this snake has the most powerful hemolytic effect.
The poison in its general toxic effect resembles the action of poisons sea ​​snakes and kraits, however, it differs greatly from them in its composition.
The action of presynaptic toxins is associated with phospholipase activity. Presynaptic polypeptides have a slower mechanism of action, but are more toxic than postsynaptic polypeptides. The use of serum better suppresses the effect of postsynaptic toxins. In case of poisoning with poisons containing strong presynaptic toxins, the use of serum practically does not slow down the development of paralytic symptoms, especially with delayed administration.
After a bite, moderate local pain is felt at the site of introduction of the poison and in the area of ​​regional lymph nodes, and slight swelling is observed. Typically noted headache, vomiting occurs (sometimes mixed with blood). Within an hour, neurological symptoms develop: darkening of the eyes, drowsiness, respiratory depression, bloody diarrhea, hematuria. There were no signs of paralysis or significant coagulation disorders.
The black echidna differs from other representatives of the genus Pseudechis in some details of general morphology, the structure of the venom and blood proteins, and pholidosis. In addition, the onya is the only viviparous species in this genus of snakes.
Notechis and Pseudechis serums are used to neutralize its poison. In neutralizing poison, Notechis serum is more effective than polyvalent Pseudechis serum, since the latter has a weaker effect and requires a larger volume of administration.
The black echidna is one of the seven most dangerous snakes on the planet.
Until the mid-19th century, a variety of poisonous snakes, including the common viper, were often called echidna.

Sources

http://crenature.ru
http://ours-nature.ru
http://www.floranimal.ru
http://www.mad-love.ru
http://army.lv/ru
http://neobychno.com
http://www.zooznaika.r

Captivity

Keeping this species in an artificial environment requires great care, given the poisonous nature of the snake.
To create favorable conditions, they need a terrarium with a temperature of 22 - 28 degrees with shelters such as grottoes or wooden houses that create a darkened area and a bedding of large shavings. To maintain the required air humidity, it is necessary to spray water inside the terrarium 2-3 times a week. For feeding adults, rats aged approximately 7 - 9 days and laboratory mice are used. When feeding frogs, you need to pay attention Special attention place of capture, species and their general condition, because snakes are very sensitive to toxins that can poison frogs (in particular, drugs for killing mosquitoes, which are used to treat many reservoirs). After the first molt, baby snakes, as a rule, can already feed on their own. They are fed to 2-3 day old laboratory mice, gradually increasing the age of the mice intended for feeding.


Health to you and your pets!

A few years ago there was an exhibition in London " ConcealedandRevealed:TheChangingFacesofElizabethI» which featured a portrait of Elizabeth I, queen regnant of England and Ireland, painted by an unknown artist between 1580 and 1590.

This little-known portrait in last time up to this point, it had been exhibited only in 1921, and even then it raised some questions.

The obvious strangeness of the flowers that the queen holds in her hand attracted attention for a long time, and over time, an incomprehensible spiral appeared that appeared on top of her hand.

It turned out that the whole point is that blue-green paints have the ability to penetrate into the upper layers with white. After the mysterious painting was restored, it turned out that Elizabeth was holding the Black Echidna (pseudechis) in her hands.

It is unknown when exactly the snake placed in the queen’s fingers was replaced with a bouquet of roses, but the fact remains that in the artist’s original version it was she who was drawn. Perhaps it was used as a symbol of wisdom, caution and informed decisions, but most often the snake, especially in Christian tradition, means Satan and is a symbol of original sin. Moreover, the Black Echidna is a black snake with greenish-blue scales, which, as art historians note, was painted with great skill.

This is what the restored original version of the work looks like. On the left it is in infrared rays, on the right is a restored fragment of the painting.

Historians know that Elizabeth I owned jewelry and items of clothing with the image of a snake, but not a single painting has survived in which she would be depicted with this symbol. This is the first find.

But no matter how it is, it is clear that monarchs simply do not hold anything in their hands - this is an unambiguous symbol of power. And it was not for nothing that the snake was then painted over. Although, of course, in a good way - it was necessary to first wash it off with thinner and then paint it over so that no traces remained...

And also notice how pale, almost cyanotic, the queen’s face is - it just begs the question, is she a warm-blooded creature? And one more thing: look at how strange Elizabeth’s facial features are. Just an incredible combination of a very unusual nose with such a long chin. There are no such disproportionate faces in nature, so the portrait looks strange, as if the face was simply invented by someone. In general, if you take the parameters of the skull of the drawn Elizabeth, you can easily imagine how, under the mask of a person, there is either a humanoid or a reptilian hiding.

But this, of course, is all stupid fantasy, just for fun, so to speak. But here is another Elizabeth in a hat with a ball of snakes - the pure truth.

So it makes no sense to deny that snakes played and still play some important role in the lives of royalty.

To be continued…

The black echidna, or Australian black snake (Pseudechis porphyriacus) is a venomous snake from the genus Black Snakes of the Aspidae family. It is included in the list of the most poisonous snakes in the tropical zone and is recognized as one of the most dangerous in the world. Australians simply call it “black snake.” This species is common near rivers and swamps throughout Eastern and Southern Australia, as well as on the island of New Guinea. You will not see a black snake only in the north of the country and on the island of Tasmania. It lives in moderately humid lowlands and along river valleys, readily contacts water, dives and swims well. Can spend about an hour under water without air. The peak of activity is observed in the daytime, when the water in reservoirs warms up well. It feeds on lizards, snakes and frogs. Young black snakes prefer insects and other small invertebrates. In captivity they eat mice well.

total length adult reaches 1.5 - 2 m. The glossy bluish-black color of the snake’s back combines effectively with the red, dark red or pinkish color of the belly with a characteristic black border. Its scales are symmetrical and smooth. The body is stocky and slender. The head of representatives of this species is elongated, small, covered with brown spots, which can be located on the nose or near the eyes.

The black snake's venomous teeth are located in the front of the upper jaw bones. They are much larger than other teeth, curved inward and equipped with a poison-conducting channel. Usually only one of these teeth functions; the second is a “spare” in case the first is lost. In addition to fangs, the upper jaw has small teeth. When the black echidna suspects danger, it extends its neck high above the ground (10-20 cm), tilts the front part of its body forward and strikes. The black snake is especially dangerous for swimmers because of its habit of resting motionless on the bottom of the river, without showing any signs of life. She will attack only if they try to catch her, step on her, or show open aggression. Fatality from the bite of this snake is quite rare, despite the fact that in Australia there is much more people bitten by black echidna than by other snakes. And the whole point is that poison produced in large quantities has no effect strong action due to the fact that when defending itself, the snake releases less poison than when hunting.

When threatened or irritated, the black echidna spreads its cervical ribs to the sides, flattening and expanding its neck. Very often, males of this species engage in battle with each other. Raising their heads and bending their necks, they attack each other, while trying to cover the opponent’s head with their own. When one of the opponents manages to do this, he abruptly wraps his body around the opponent’s body. Hissing and squirming furiously, both males squeeze each other. After this, as if on cue, they stop fighting and disperse to prepare for the next fight. Each such “round” lasts approximately a minute, and is repeated until the fighters are completely exhausted. Sometimes black snakes are so carried away by tournament combat that they do not untangle even if you intervene and lift them from the ground. main reason such fights - territorial instinct and excitement associated with mating season. An interesting fact is that during the fight the opponents do not bite each other.

Battle of the black snakes:

The black echidna, like other adders, is an ovoviviparous snake. She gives birth to already formed and viable young. Black snake eggs develop in the mother's body, and not in a pile of dry leaves or moss, like most snakes. A female can give birth to from 8 to 40 babies with a length of 15 to 22 cm, however, due to the high natural mortality in wildlife, very few individuals survive to adulthood. When it comes to keeping black snakes in an artificial environment, great care is required given their poisonous nature. To create comfortable and favorable conditions, Australian asps need a terrarium in which the temperature will range from 22 to 28 degrees. It should have shelters in the form of wooden houses or grottoes, which create a darkened area, and a bedding made of large wood shavings. To maintain comfortable air humidity, it is necessary to spray water in the terrarium three times a week. You can feed snakes with young rats, mice and frogs. When feeding frogs, it is important to pay attention to the location of capture, the species and their general condition, as snakes are sensitive to toxins that may be in the frog's body.