December 19th every year Orthodox Church celebrates the wonderful holiday of Saint's Day, celebrated on December 19, so you need to know the signs associated with it. People very often call this saint the winter St. Nicholas. Since ancient times, signs have appeared on winter Nikola December 19, which you will learn about below.
The saint is considered the patron saint of merchants and all sailors; he protects children from illnesses and accidents. In fact, this is not all that St. Nicholas the Wonderworker is capable of. You should contact this saint when you are going on a trip. It also helps in severe illness. To this day, it is believed that Nicholas the Wonderworker helps girls get married. The signs for St. Nicholas Day, which is celebrated on December 19, are quite interesting and, according to our ancestors, true.
Signs for Nikola - December 19
Before the night of December 18-19, many began to prepare for Christmas gatherings, which is why they sewed costumes in advance and looked for a widow’s house, because that’s where the parties were held.
- If winter Nikola drives a horse into the yard, then spring Nikola will feed it.
- The first severe frosts usually occur on Nikola.
- If there will be frosts in winter before Nikola, then a thaw will come after.
- If frost falls on Nikola, then the year will be fruitful.
- It has long been believed that a lot of snow will definitely fall before Nikola.
- As much snow as there will be on Nikola, there will be as much grass in the summer.
St. Nicholas is called the patron saint of destinies and the protector of all lovers, which is why this day is also called winter matchmaking. Previously, young people held Christmas gatherings with fortune telling:
On St. Nicholas's Day, the girls gathered in the widow's house and conducted fortune telling; a lot of people took part in them. They sang songs about the kind of life they wanted. The lyrics were short and varied life situations: wealth and poverty, good fortune and misfortune, wedding and so on.
For girls, Christmas gatherings were a very important activity. In order to find out what would happen in the future, the girls ran past the houses where the festivities were taking place. They poured oats under the windows and listened to the conversations at the table.
For this fortune telling it was necessary to take wedding ring from a woman who is already married and happily married. The ring should be rinsed with water and hung on a hair, after which it is lowered into a transparent glass half filled with water. If the ring hits the edge, it means that the girl will not get married. But if it rotates, it will come out.
St. Nicholas Day - this is what the church calls this holiday, dedicated to one of the most famous and revered saints - St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. People have long called him differently - Nikola the Winter. And there are many traditions and signs associated with this day.
Nicholas the Wonderworker is known even to those who are not very knowledgeable in religion. The saint is considered the patron of merchants, as well as an assistant to sailors and a protector of children. But in fact, his help extends much further. All travelers turn to him for support, to ask for a safe journey. It also helps in serious illness. Therefore, prayers to Nicholas the Wonderworker are considered one of the most universal.
Saint Nicholas in popular memory
The holiday dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker is celebrated annually at the same time, December 19 according to the new style. On this day it is customary to offer prayers, and those who have not been to church for a long time should visit this place.
In Rus' this festival was called St. Nicholas the Winter. It is closely associated with winter, which is why many other folk names for this day sound similar, for example, Nikola Kholodny or Nikola Studeny. According to legend, on this day the saint leaves heaven and descends to the snowy earth.
St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was revered as much as Mother of God and the Savior. His name was Nikola the Pleasant and they even said that he was supposed to become a god, but he refused because he was not vain and considered himself unworthy.
At this time, they began to prepare for Christmas gatherings, began making outfits and looked for a widow's house to organize festivities there. Under the influence of Western Slavic peoples, where this day was also celebrated - for example, St. Nicholas in the Czech Republic - over time in Rus' they began to organize mummers' walks through the courtyards and distribute sweets to children, and they could threaten the disobedient with a stick. This ritual reminds us of Santa Claus, and this is no coincidence - St. Nicholas is his prototype.
Folk signs for St. Nicholas of the Winter
By December 19, winter usually came into its own in our area. This time was cold and harsh, but the holiday was definitely celebrated. There are many folk signs and sayings dedicated to December 19th. So, it was believed that on this day or shortly before it there would definitely be a snowfall: “The snow will fall on Morozny Nikola.” On this day, severe cold could easily strike: “The sun is turning towards spring, and winter is gaining strength.” Nikolsky frosts were as strong as Epiphany frosts.
But heavy snowfalls promised the same abundant harvests and lush growth of grass: “As much snow on Nikola, so much grass in the spring.” A good sign Frost was considered to be frost on this day - it promised successful seedlings of cereals.
Of course, the climate has become unpredictable these days, but folk wisdom still alive to this day. Pay attention to the weather forecast on the 19th and don’t freeze in vain before New Year holidays. Nikola Winter is harsh, and if the scarf is not warm enough, you will have to celebrate the New Year with a thermometer.
Keep an eye on folk calendar, and behind the church. Remember the traditions of your ancestors and the wisdom that they collected for us in folk signs and legends. And don't forget to press the buttons and
18.12.2015 00:50
St. Nicholas of Summer is a holiday that Orthodox Christians celebrate every year on May 22. Closest to...
On December 19, all Orthodox Christians celebrate the day of memory of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. This day was also named...
St. Nicholas the Winter is the day of death of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, Archbishop of Myra in Lycia, celebrated on December 6 (19). The name of the day comes from the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. “Winter is for the frosts, and the man is for the holidays!”, “No matter how bitter the frost is, a cheerful holiday will warm you up warmer than the stove!” spoke in Rus'. The December chain of holidays, associated in folk memory with various beliefs, customs and legends, begins on December 19, the winter St. Nicholas Day. This is especially revered among the people Orthodox holiday and the very revered Saint Nicholas - the second intercessor after God. He is the patron of agriculture and cattle breeding, the owner of earthly waters, an intercessor against troubles and misfortunes, an assistant in the most difficult matters and obligations. In a rare year in Rus' there is no frost on this day. They said: “The snow will pile up a mountain on Studeny Nikola,” “If Nikola’s day would come, there will be winter on the sled.” Nikola in winter and the first Nikol frosts. “On St. Nicholas’s Day, winter walks with a nail,” “Winter is gaining strength, the sun is turning to spring,” “If Nikola’s day would come, Nikola will nail that Yegory will pave,” but “Praise winter after Nikola’s day,” since “They brought winter on a sled to Nikola, here’s a thaw for you.” “If winter covers its tracks on Nikola’s day, then the road will not stand”, “If winter covers Nikola’s day, then it will unburden Nikola”, “Rime on Nikola - for the harvest. There is frost in front of Nikola - the oats will be good.” Nicholas the Wonderworker (Pleasant of God, Nicholas the Merciful, Nikola) in Rus' was revered on a par with Jesus Christ and the Mother of God, above all other saints. There was even a legend among the people that he was supposed to become God, but he refused. The power of the saint was considered almost limitless. After all, due to the nature of his actions, the concept of “savior” also extended to him. It is no coincidence that foreigners stated that Russians pay tribute to St. Nicholas is worship befitting the Savior himself - Jesus Christ: “Nicholas... like God is revered in Orthodoxy.” The Volga and Siberian peoples of Russia also called him “Nikola - Russian God”. Nikola also performed as the “Sea God”, “The Peasant God”, even the “Common God” (“Gods” were icons - hence the identifications). Under the influence of neighboring Hungarians, Czechs and Slovaks, among a certain part of the Ukrainian population of Transcarpathia and other western regions of Ukraine at the beginning of the 20th century, ceremonies were held on the eve of December 6th. Led by Nikolai in disguise, a group of guys went around the courtyards, handing out gifts to children: candy, fruits, nuts, etc., and left a stick for the naughty ones as a warning for the future. Through “Nikolai” a guy often gave gifts to his girlfriend and vice versa. On this day, according to legend, “St. Nicholas the saint descends from the heavenly fields onto the snow-covered earth and walks across the face of the Russian Land, walking around it - as usual (in one day) - from end to end. And ahead of time, all the spirits of darkness run away from him.” They say that winter comes to Nikola with a nail, it gets along with the roofs, where it will cover it with snow, where it will tuck it in with snow, and where it will drive a nail so that the snow shingles don’t fall off, so that the chimney sings and hums - winter patches the roofs with ice tar, wraps them in snow more tightly .
According to his life, the monk was born in the 3rd century in the Greek colony of Patare ( Asia Minor). From childhood, Nikolai was imbued with the Christian religion and early decided to devote his life to it. The youth spent whole days in the temple, and in the evenings he prayed and read books. His uncle, Bishop Nicholas of Patarsky, seeing such zeal, made the young man a reader, and then elevated him to the rank of priest. Nikolai donated all his wealth, inherited from his parents, to charity. Later, Nicholas became a bishop in the city of Mir (in the territory of modern Turkey). He was an ardent preacher of Christianity. Nicholas is also credited with the destruction of several pagan temples and numerous miracles performed by the power of prayer. In Rus', Saint Nicholas has long been considered the defender of the slandered; they believed that he could help the innocently convicted. He is also called the patron saint of sailors, merchants and children. Farmers also prayed to him - for good weather, for a good harvest. “The second intercessor after God,” this is what our ancestors said about Saint Nicholas. Beggars, asking for alms, also referred to the heavenly protector: “Whoever loves Nicholas, who serves Nicholas, Saint Nicholas helps him at every hour.”
In Rus', Saint Nicholas has long been considered the defender of the slandered; they believed that he could help the innocently convicted. He is also called the patron saint of sailors, merchants and children. Farmers also prayed to him - for good weather, for a good harvest. “The second intercessor after God,” this is what our ancestors said about Saint Nicholas. Beggars, asking for alms, also referred to the heavenly protector: “Whoever loves Nicholas, who serves Nicholas, Saint Nicholas helps him at every hour.” (Photo: Dejan Lazarevic, Shutterstock) Peasants set St. Nicholas Day as a deadline for various types of transactions and payments. “Nikolsky bargaining is a decree for everything,” people said, implying that on this day prices for for a long time forward. Also on this date, brotherhood parties were held, called “Nikolshchin”.
In the morning, people went to church, served prayers to St. Nicholas, and after that they set large tables together and began to have fun. “For her godfather Nikolshchina cooks mash, for her godfather she bakes pies”; “Call a friend to Nikolshchina, call your enemy too - both will be friends”; “The men go to Nikolshchina with an eye, and after Nikolshchina they lie under the bench,” - such sayings have been preserved by the people's memory of winter brothers. No one was allowed to be sad about Nikola - it was believed that this would bring severe frosts. However, on this day the weather was usually cold anyway. People paid attention to how Nikola continued the work of Saints Barbara and Sava - freezing rivers and lakes. “Nikola will nail down what Savva will pave,” our ancestors noted. If frost fell before St. Nicholas Day, one could expect a good harvest of oats.
Folk signs on Nikola ZimnyK On December 19, winter usually came into its own in our area. This time was cold and harsh, but the holiday was definitely celebrated. There are many folk signs and sayings dedicated to December 19th. So, it was believed that on this day or shortly before it there would definitely be a snowfall: “The snow will fall on Morozny Nikola.” On this day, severe cold could easily strike: “The sun is turning towards spring, and winter is gaining strength.” The Nikolsky frosts were as strong as the Epiphany frosts. But heavy snowfalls promised the same abundant harvests and lush growth of grass: “As much snow on Nikola, as much grass in the spring.” Frost was considered a good sign on this day - it promised successful seedlings of cereals. Of course, these days the climate has become unpredictable, but folk wisdom is still alive today. Pay attention to the weather forecast on the 19th and don’t freeze in vain before the New Year holidays. Nikola Winter is harsh, and if the scarf is not warm enough, you will have to celebrate the New Year with a thermometer.
Workbook " The world"for the second grade, part two, educational complex "Perspective", notebook authors - Pleshakov, Novitskaya. If the first part was completely devoted to autumn, it is logical that the second should cover winter, spring and summer. Yes, there are a lot of pages about winter and spring, but The topics are exactly the same as part 1 workbook.
It’s a little unclear why 3 times in a row academic year teach the constellations of the starry sky or the same birds, but the authors of the textbook ordered it this way. There are only a couple of pages about summer, although, you see, this time of year is almost one of the most wonderful and remarkable.
Our workbook contains all the gdz, answers to tasks for the second part of the workbook on the world around us for grade 2 on Perspective. All answers are checked by the teacher primary classes. For many tasks you can find an extended answer, report or presentation on the pages of our website.
Answers to the 2nd part of the workbook for grade 2
Click on the page numbers to view the answers to the assignments.
Winter
Page 3-5. Winter months
Exercise 1. In the first column, read aloud the names of the winter months and the ancient Roman calendar. Compare their sound with the sound of modern Russian names for the winter months. Write Russian names in the second column. Orally make a conclusion about their origin.
1st column: december, januarius, februarius.
Column 2: December, January, February. The names sound similar to Roman ones.
3rd column: jelly, section, snow.
2. Write down the names of the winter months in the language of the peoples of your region that are associated with
2) with natural phenomena;
3) with the difficulty of people.
You can select options on the page Names of winter months associated with phenomena of living and inanimate nature, with the difficulty of people >>
Task 3. Great Russia. That's why winter comes to different parts of the world in different time. And her reign lasts for different periods. Write down the dates when winter comes to your region and when it leaves.
Winter in the Urals and Siberia is the longest season of the year. It usually begins at the end of October, when constant snow cover and negative air temperatures set in. Winter ends in these parts on the 20th of March. The snow cover lasts for about 5 months and reaches an average thickness of 30-40 cm.
Winter in the European part of Russia approximately coincides with the calendar: from the beginning of December to the end of February.
Winter in the Krasnodar Territory is short; temperatures can still be above zero in November. Winter begins in mid-December, and by early February it already gives way to spring natural phenomena.
Task 4. Look at the photo. Write a poem for it, a saying, a riddle (of your choice) about the winter beauty. Write it down.
White cotton wool warmed the entire forest. (Snow).
Blanket white
Not made by hand.
It was not woven or cut,
It fell from the sky to the ground. (Snow).
It was snowing, it was stormy.
All the trees are covered in lace!
Snow on the pines, on the bushes,
They ate in white fur coats.
And got tangled in the branches
Violent snowstorms.
Task 5. Place photos or drawings hometown(villages) made in winter. Come up with and write captions for them.
City garden in winter
Lenin Square in winter
St. Basil's Cathedral in winter
Cathedral of Christ the Savior in winter
Page 6-7. Winter is a time of science and fairy tales
Task 2. Write down folk signs about the harvest in your region.
Answer: If there is snow along the road on Candlemas (February 15), expect a good harvest.
When there is a lot of snow, there will be a lot of bread, and when there is little snow, there will be little bread.
A clear New Year's day - to a rich harvest of bread, to it New Year severe frost and snowfall.
If the ice on the river is flat, then there will be little bread, and if the ice becomes piles, there will be a lot of bread.
You can choose more signs from the page Folk signs for the harvest >>
Task 3. Remember the fairy tale of the peoples of your region about animals. Draw a picture for it.
Let's remember the fairy tale "Winter Quarters of Animals". Drawing:
Task 4. Choose and write down a proverb that expresses the meaning of the fairy tale to which your drawing is drawn.
Proverb: Prepare a sleigh in summer and a cart in winter.
Page 8-9. Winter in inanimate nature
Exercise 1. Mark the picture that shows the position of the sun in winter. Explain your choice.
Answer: the most extreme picture on the right, because in it the sun is lowest and signs of winter are visible: snow, trees without leaves.
Task 2. Make a list winter phenomena in inanimate nature using textbook text.
The sun rises low in the sky. Short day. Freezing. Snowfall, blizzard. Ice on reservoirs. Thaw and ice. Frost on the trees.
Task 3. Write down the dates:
Task 4. Watch the weather in winter. Make observations every month for one week (around the middle of the month). Enter the results into tables using symbols.
If you were unable to observe the weather, then the weather archive website of the gismeteo website (gismeteo.ru) will help you; it has a weather diary for schoolchildren. We write out the weather for the right days and redraw the same symbols.
Page 10-11. Starry sky in winter
Exercise 1. Find the North Star in the picture and label it. Explain (orally) how you managed to find this star among the others.
Polaris is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor (Little Dipper), located at the end of the dipper.
Task 2. Come up with a fairy tale about the constellation Ursa Minor and the North Star. Write it down on a separate sheet of paper and arrange it beautifully.
Far far from the earth lived the North Star, who wanted to learn a lot about the Earth. And lost in thought, she could not stay in the sky and fell into the forest, and not just into the forest, but right onto the tail of a bear cub - a little bear who was walking through the forest. The bear was surprised and asked:
- Who are you?
- I am the North Star! “I fell from the sky,” the guest answered.
- Why did you come here?
The star answered without hesitation:
- To see what the earth is like.
Then the little bear enthusiastically offered to show her everything, and they went for a walk in the forest. They admired the wonderful beautiful plants and no less beautiful animals. The little star liked everything and invited the bear to visit her in heaven. They instantly found themselves in heaven, and the guest liked it there so much that she decided to stay in heaven. Now they are inseparable friends and are called Ursa Minor and Polar Star.
Task 3. Write down the names of the sides of the horizon.
If you stand facing the North Star, then north will be in front, south behind, west on the left, east on the right.
Task 4. Using the textbook illustration, connect the stars in the figure (p. 11) so that you get a fragment of the Orion constellation. Find the star Sirius in the picture and label it. Explain (verbally) what helped you find this star.
If you draw a straight line along Orion's belt from right to left, then the first bright star on this straight line will be Sirius.
Task 5. Write down the names of the constellations and stars that you were able to see in the winter sky.
Constellations: Orion, Canis Major and Minor, Taurus, Gemini, Unicorn, Cancer.
Stars: Polaris, Sirius, Capella, Betelgeuse.
Page 12-13. Winter in the world of plants
Exercise 1.
Answer from left to right: linden, ash, maple, rowan, elm.
Task 2.
Answer from left to right: spruce, larch, pine.
Task 3. Guess which plant is shown in the photo.
Answer: juniper.
Task 4. During your walk, try to identify several trees and shrubs in winter attire (by silhouettes, fruits, cones and other features). Write down the names of the plants and draw the signs by which you identified these plants.
Examples of drawings:
Rowan can be identified by the fruits collected in clusters.
We can identify rose hips by their red, elongated fruits.
We identify a birch tree by its white trunk.
We can identify ash by elongated seeds collected in panicles.
Page 14-15. Winter holidays
Exercise 1. Congratulate your classmate with a Christmas carol.
Kolyada, Kolyada!
A carol came out from Nova Gorod.
How the carol looked for Mashenka's yard.
I found a carol in the Car yard.
The car yard is not small, not big....
Happiness and joy to you, Mashenka!
Task 3.
Answer: paint over the circle of the angel, swan and lemon. You can mark the bump at your discretion.
Page 16-17. Plants in the home medicine cabinet
Task 2. Practical work"Medicinal plants".
Name of plants - What parts are used
rose hips - fruits
St. John's wort - flowers, leaves, stem
cyclamen - tubers
chamomile - flowers
juniper - fruits
calendula - flowers
Task 2. Solve the crossword puzzle using the textbook text.
1. Valerian
3. Calendula
4. Linden
5. Plantain
6. Yarrow
Task 3. Write down the names of medicinal plants in your home medicine cabinet.
Answer: rosehip, St. John's wort, mint, chamomile, yarrow, sage, calendula.
Page 18-19. Winter life of birds and animals
1. Identify birds by their beaks. Connect the pictures and names with lines.
Task 2. Recognize the animals by their descriptions. Write the names.
Task 3. What changed in the behavior of the birds you observed in the fall?
Birds increasingly began to fly to human habitation. Tits can even fly onto the balcony if the window is open. They are looking for food.
What other birds did you see?
Tits, bullfinches.
Watch the birds at the feeder.
Write a story based on your observations. Illustrate it with a drawing.
We made a feeder out of planks. Dad hung it on a tree in the park. Mom poured seeds and grains into it. But the birds did not arrive for a long time. Finally, one day we discovered that the food had disappeared! This meant that the birds had found our gift! We began to come more often and bring fresh food.
Page 20-21. Invisible threads in the winter forest
Exercise 1. How are spruce and forest animals related to each other?
Crossbill, woodpecker, squirrel, mouse, and hare feed on spruce seeds and spread them. In the spring, the seeds dropped by these animals will germinate and new spruce trees will grow from them.
Task 2. Read the story “How Animals Help Each Other” in the textbook. Connect the pictures with arrows to show the connections in the winter forest.
Page 22-23. In February, winter meets spring for the first time
1. Write a short oral story about February, using the words “boundary”, “border”, “border” in it.
A story about February.
February is the last month of winter, the boundary between winter and spring. Between February and March there is a border or boundary between cold and heat. They say that winter meets spring in February. This means that it is getting warmer and the first signs of spring are being felt. The snow has not melted yet, but the sun is warming up and thawed patches are forming.
Draw a picture for your story.
Task 2. Guess a riddle.
An ice bag hangs outside the window.
He cries merrily and smells of spring.
Guess: ICICLE.
Task 3. find out home recipe cooking pancakes, write it down and tell your classmates about it.
2 eggs, 3 tablespoons of sugar, 1 liter of milk, half a teaspoon of salt, as much flour as the dough will absorb (it should be liquid), vegetable oil.
Mix eggs with sugar, add flour, salt, milk. Stir the dough well so that there are no lumps. You can add 3-4 tablespoons of vegetable oil to the dough.
Fry in a hot frying pan greased with vegetable oil.
Task 4. Select and paste a photo of a winter holiday according to the ancient calendar of the peoples of your region.
Meeting means meeting. This holiday came to us from the Bible pages. One old man named Simeon was promised by God that he would not die until he saw the promised Messiah (Christ). And then one day, while he was in the temple, Mary and Joseph brought the Baby Jesus to fulfill the law. Simeon took the Child Jesus in his arms and, praising God, said: “Now, Master, you are sending Your servant away in peace, according to Your word, for my eyes have seen Your salvation, which You have prepared before the face of all nations, a light to enlighten the Gentiles and the glory of the people.” Your Israel." In honor of this event the feast of Candlemas is celebrated.
It is believed that at Candlemas winter meets spring.
Page 24-25. Winter labor
Exercise 1. Tell (orally) about ancient women's work in winter.
In winter, women did handicrafts, spinning yarn, weaving, sewing and embroidering. They also took care of domestic animals.
Task 2. Fill in the gaps in the text yourself or with the help of a textbook.
People create good conditions for storing grain in granaries - elevators.
Pets are kept indoors in winter. It should be warm, dry, light.
Four-legged friends need to add vitamins to their food in winter.
After the thaw, during icy conditions, roads and sidewalks are sprinkled with sand.
Indoor plants are rarely watered in winter.
Task 3.
Answer from left to right: onion, violet, Decembrist, lemon.
Page 26-27. Be healthy
Exercise 1.
Task 2. Think and write down what qualities develop in the games you like to play in winter.
Winter games in the snow strengthen my health, develop endurance, agility and strength. And when building figures from snow, use your imagination.
Task 3. Winter game peoples of your region.
Prize on the pillar
Many peoples, including Russians, had such winter fun. A large pillar was erected in the middle of the square. He was doused with water. In the cold, the water turned to ice, and the pole became very slippery. A valuable prize, for example, red boots, was hung at the top of the pole. This is where the game began! Any guy or man could try to climb to the very top and take off his boots. But only the strongest and most dexterous managed to climb the slippery pillar.
The qualities that this game develops: dexterity, strength, intelligence, courage.
Page 28-29. Nature conservation in winter
1. Draw a feeder in which you feed the birds. You can paste a photo.
2. Write what other feathered guests have been in your “dining room”.
Answer: Pigeons, magpie, crow.
3. Write what kind of food you feed the birds.
Answer: millet, seeds, crackers.
4. Using a textbook, color the animals from the Red Book of Russia and write their names.
Amur tiger, eagle owl.
5. Write a story about any animal listed in the Red Book of Russia (preferably living in your region). You can supplement the story with a drawing.
Weasel is the smallest predator living in our region. Weasel destroys a huge number of mice. She lives in fields and forests, as well as along the banks of rivers and lakes. This animal is valued for its fur. In summer, the weasel has a brown coat with a white chest, and in winter it is completely white.
Page 30-31. Winter walk
Exercise 1. Look at the photographs. Think about which regions of Russia in winter people need such warm clothing.
Answer: in the northern regions of Russia.
Task 2.
Spring and summer
Page 32-33. Spring months
1. In the first column, read aloud the names of the spring months in the ancient Roman calendar. Compare their sound with the sound of modern Russian names for the spring months. Write Russian names in the second column...
Find out from your elders and write down in the third column the names of the spring months in the languages of the people of your region.
1 column: Martius, Aprilis, Mayus
Column 2: March, April, May
3rd column (in Ukrainian): zimobor, snowgon, grass.
2. Write down the names of the spring months in the language of the peoples of your region that are connected:
a) with phenomena inanimate nature -
b) with phenomena of living nature -
c) with the difficulty of people -
3. Place a photograph or drawing of your hometown (village), taken in the spring. Come up with and write a signature.
4. Return to p. 6 and complete the check of folk signs for the harvest according to the days of St. Nicholas. To do this, track how much grass will grow by May 22. Write down your winter and spring observations:
The popular forecast was justified.
pp. 34-35. Spring in inanimate nature
1. Mark the picture that shows the position of the sun in spring. Explain your choice.
Answer: the picture on the right, because in it the sun is higher, signs of spring are visible in nature: ice drift on the river, the arrival of birds.
Make a list spring phenomena in inanimate nature using textbook text.
Answer: warming, melting snow, ice drift, high rivers, flood, first thunderstorm
3. Write down the date.
4. Observe the weather in spring...
Current data for your city can be found on the Gismeteoru website and in the weather diary for schoolchildren.
Page. 36-37. Spring - morning of the year
1. Write down the dates of the arrival of spring according to the ancient calendars of your region.
2. In the tear-off calendar, look how much the day has increased. Write down the length of the day:
Annunciation
Page 38-39. Starry sky in spring
2. ... Write down the names of the constellations and stars that you were able to see in the spring sky. Draw one of the constellations on p. 39.
Constellations: Cassiopeia, Leo, Ursa Major, Ursa Minor.
Stars: Regulus, Polaris, Sirius.
Constellation that we managed to see in the spring sky: Libra
3. Write a story about one of the constellations in the spring sky.
Leo constellation
The lion is the main figure of the night spring sky. The arrangement of bright stars resembles a reclining lion, whose head and chest represent the famous “Sickle” asterism, similar to a mirrored question mark. The constellation Leo is very rich in various interesting objects that are very easy to see with a small telescope and even with the naked eye. It can be seen from February to March in the southern night sky. The brightest stars in the constellation Leo: Regulus, Denebola, Algeiba.
Regulus is the most important object in the constellation Leo. The star is located almost in the center of the constellation and is often associated with the heart. This is a very bright star, the brightness of which is 160 times higher than that of our Sun. This star is located 85 light years from us, which explains its high apparent brightness.
Denebola is the second brightest object associated with Leo. This is the outermost star, often called the tail.
Algeiba is a double star, one of the most beautiful in the sky. Denotes a majestic mane. If you look closely, the slightly orange star has a noticeable golden companion. The circulation period of this dual system approximately 510 years old.
4. Come up with a fairy tale about the constellations of the spring sky. Write it down on a separate sheet of paper and arrange it beautifully.
There lived in Africa a mighty king of beasts - a lion. Everyone was afraid of him and ran away in fear when he uttered his menacing lion's roar. But then one night the lion raised his head up and saw many constellations - there were both a hare and bears. He growled loudly at them, but not a single star moved. He growled even louder, but no one in the starry sky ran away from him. Then the lion wanted to teach the stars a lesson. He pressed himself to the ground and jumped so high that he went straight to the sky, but, looking at the Earth from above, he was so scared that he froze and forgot why he climbed here. This is how the mighty lion turned into the constellation Leo.
Page 40-43. Spring awakening of plants
From left to right: anemone, liverwort, coltsfoot, lungwort, guillemot, corydalis, goose onion.
2. Color the flowers. Name them.
From left to right: Corydalis, lungwort, goose onion
3. ... Connect the pictures and names with lines. Do it yourself or use a tutorial.
Underline the names of the trees with a green pencil, and the names of the bushes with a red pencil.
4. Observe and record when they bloomed this year:
Coltsfoot - end of March
Dandelion - in May
Lily of the valley - early May
Bird cherry - early May
Cherry - end of May
Apple tree - late May, early June
Poplar - June
Birch - in April
Alder - in May
5. Observe and write down when the leaves of the hazel, apple, birch, and oak trees began to bloom.
Hazel: early April - May.
Apple tree: late April - mid-May.
Birch: end of April - mid-May.
Oak: mid-April - late May.
7. Write a story about one of the blooming plants. Use the book "Green Pages" or other literature (of your choice) for this.
Bird cherry
This plant is popularly affectionately called the beautiful bride. This is due to the fact that in the spring the bird cherry puts on a festive white robe and turns into a real miracle.
Bird cherry is a shrub from the Rosaceae family. Its trunk is completely covered with dark gray bark, on which there are rusty-brown spots. Bird cherry leaves are obovate in shape. The flowers, although small, are very fragrant. They are white and collected in a very beautiful brush.
Bird cherry is a forest orderly. Flowers and leaves have a special aroma, and therefore have phytoncidal properties. This is what made the tree special, as it gave it the ability to kill insects and germs. The tree is merciless even for mosquitoes and ticks.
Many poems and songs have been written about bird cherry.
Page 44-45. Wonderful flower beds in spring
1. Cut out photos from the application and paste each one into its own window.
2. Color the flowers. Name them (orally)
From left to right: tulips, pansies, daffodils
3. Identify several spring flower garden plants. Draw 2-3 plants or stick a photo.
Primrose
Lily of the valley
4. Write a story about one of the plants in the spring flower garden, about the beliefs and legends associated with it.
It’s not for nothing that primroses are called primroses – in the spring they bloom the earliest.
In the Scandinavian sagas, primroses were called the keys of the spring goddess Freya. As soon as the snow melts, a beautiful young goddess comes to the earth to decorate it with flowers and herbs. And where the multi-colored necklace touches her - the rainbow of the earth, there the primrose will grow.
Primroses are perennial plants and bloom only once a year - in spring.
Page 46-47. Spring in the world of insects
1. Do you know the names of butterflies? Cut out the pictures from the Appendix and paste them into the windows. Test yourself using the textbook drawing.
3. Find information in the textbook about what insects eat. Write it down. Conclude whether these insects cause harm to humans
Hives caterpillar - nettle leaves.
Mourning caterpillar - birch and aspen leaves.
Dragonflies are mosquito larvae.
Dragonfly larvae are mosquito larvae.
Ant - insects.
These insects do not harm humans.
4. Using information from the textbook, write in the diagrams the names of animals that feed on mosquitoes and their larvae.
Page 48-49. Spring in the world of birds and animals
1. Using the textbook text, number the pictures in the sequence in which these birds return from warmer climes.
2. Observe and write down when you were able to see a rook for the first time this year - the beginning of March, a starling - the end of March, a chaffinch - the end of March, a swallow - the end of May.
3. In the text of the textbook, find information about what different animals eat. Write it down.
Hedgehog - insects, toads.
Bear - berries, insects, plant roots, fish, large animals (elk, deer)
Bat - insects.
Fill in the circle next to the text " the bats" - they wake up later than everyone else, because they feed only on flying insects, and they start flying late.
4. Bird watching.
Not far from our house, swallows have built a nest. It was located under the roof of the store. Every spring, swallows return to their nest and hatch their chicks. At the end of summer they leave their home and fly to warmer climes.
I have seen swallows feeding their chicks more than once. When mom or dad flew up to the nest, the chicks stuck out their open beaks and began to squeak and demand food. I really like watching birds.
Page 50-51. Invisible threads in the spring forest
1. Who is willow friends with?
3. Give an example of invisible threads in the spring forest and depict it in the form of a diagram.
4. Find information about the life of the cuckoo in additional literature. In which birds' nests does she lay eggs? Write short story about the cuckoo.
Cuckoo - migrant. She places her eggs in the nests of other birds, such as wagtail, redstart, robin, finch, and finch. Cuckoos eat hairy caterpillars that other birds don't eat. In cuckoos, it is the male who crows, not the female.
Page 52-53. Spring labor
1. Guess the riddles about men’s spring labor and his ancient guns. Write down the answers.
I cut a black loaf from edge to edge... The matting in the windows covered the entire field.
2. Guess the riddles about women’s spring work. Write down the answers. Test yourself using the Application.
Thunder rumbles, lightning flashes, it melts on one side and freezes on the other (weaving fabric).
A small bird will dive with its nose, wag its tail, and lead a path (embroidery)
3. Riddle.
They were torn into shreds, knitted across the field,
They beat me, they beat me,
They twisted, weaved,
They locked us up and sat us on the table.
The answer: flax.
4. Select and paste a photo of spring work in your family.
Page 54-55. Ancient spring holidays
1. Guess the riddle. Write down the answer. Test yourself using the Application.
The bridge lies
For seven miles,
At the end of the bridge -
Golden Mile.
Guess: GREAT LENT AND EASTER.
2. Read the lyrics of the song used to congratulate the newlyweds. Instead of blanks, write down wishes.
Is the owner still at home?
Is the master in the house?
Congratulations on a great job,
With Alexeyushka!
With a young vine,
With Tatyanushka!
How many stumps are there in the forest -
We wish you so many sons!
How many hummocks are there in the meadow?
We wish so many daughters!
3. Read the text of the Russian song about the birch tree. Underline everything in the lyrics sweet words. Write down words with color meanings.
Affectionate words (they must be emphasized): birch tree, breeze, rain.
Words with color meanings: green, turn green, white, light brown.
4. Select and paste a photo of the spring holiday according to the ancient calendar of the peoples of your region.
Happy Easter - Christ is risen!
Page 56-57. Be healthy!
1. Draw what games you like to play in the spring. Instead of drawings, you can place photographs here.
2. Think and write down what qualities are developed in the games you like to play in the spring.
Answer: Creative skills, friendliness, patience.
3. Ask the elders in the family to tell you about the rules of one of the games of the peoples of your region.
Gorodki - Russian folk sport game. In this game, it is necessary to “knock out” by throwing “city” bats from certain distances - figures composed in various ways from five wooden cylinders (chocks), called “towns” or “ryukhi”.
To play towns, 15 pieces are used. The winner is the player or team that spent the least number of bits on knocking out pieces. The pieces begin to knock out from the kon (far line). If you knock out at least one town, the remaining ones are knocked out from the semi-con (near line); The “closed letter” figure is knocked out only from the stake, and first - the town in the center, indicating the “mark”. Each game can consist of 6, 10 or 15 pieces. All figures except the 15th are built on the front line of the city.
A town is considered knocked out when it has completely reached the back or side lines of the city. If a town flies forward to the penalty line or beyond it in the direction of the half-cone, then it is placed in the suburbs, opposite the city center: 20 cm from the penalty line if at least one town is knocked out of the figure or 40 cm if it is not knocked out of the figure not a single town. A town that goes beyond the line and rolls back into a city or suburb is considered knocked out.
Think and write down what qualities this folk game develops.
Answer: Dexterity, strength, eye, ability to concentrate.
Page 58-59. Nature conservation in spring
2. Using a textbook, color these representatives of the Red Book of Russia. Sign their names.
3. Write a story about some mushroom, plant or animal listed in the Red Book of Russia.
Ram mushroom (Grifola curly)
Mushroom - ram - rare and very interesting view. Usually it chooses forests with broad-leaved trees for its habitat. He likes to settle on maples and oaks, less often choosing chestnuts and beech trees as his host. These mushrooms are collected only in August and September, and the weight of one mushroom can sometimes reach ten kilograms.
Page 60-61. Spring walk
Photos from the walk:
The Rooks Have Arrived
Willow blossoms
Primrose
Page 62-65. Summer is red
1. Names of the summer months.
1 column: Junius, Julius, Augustus
Column 2: June, July, August
Column 3 (in Ukrainian): cherven, lipen, serpen
2. Write down the names of the summer months in the language of the peoples of your region that are associated with
1) with phenomena of inanimate nature;
2) with natural phenomena;
3) with the difficulty of people.
You can choose from the page: Names of months associated with phenomena of living and inanimate nature, with the labor of people
3. In different parts of our great Motherland, summer has its own term. Write down the dates when summer comes to your area and when it leaves.
Hint: here you don’t need to look for holiday dates in ancient calendars, because the question doesn’t require it. Just write when it gets warm in your area. For example, in the Krasnodar Territory, summer often begins in mid-May and ends in early October. In the Urals and Siberia, summer comes in June and leaves in August.
4. Place a photograph or drawing of your hometown (village), taken in the summer. Come up with and write a signature.
Park in summer
5. Using a tear-off calendar, find out how long daylight hours last on days summer solstice, summer solstice and Peter's day. Write down your observations.
Note: Day length is recorded for Moscow.
6. Mark the picture that shows the position of the sun in summer.
Answer: in the extreme picture on the right. The sun is located highest on it, the trees are dressed in foliage.
7. Write down the dates:
8. Watch the weather in summer. Make observations and record the results in a table.
* If you were unable to observe the weather, then the Gismeteo website will help you - a weather diary for schoolchildren, where you need to select a city and date and see weather data.
Page 66-67. Summer holidays and work
Bent in an arc, In the summer in the meadow, In the winter on a hook - SCYTHE
Toothed, but not biting - RAKE.
3. Cut out the drawings of the gifts of summer from the application. Paste them in the windows from left to right in the same way as the holidays of the three Saviors come one after another in August.
HONEY APPLES NUTS
Holiday dates:
4. Draw a symbol for the expression “all year round.”
Page 68. Summer walk
Post any of your photos in the summer.
If something is not clear, ask in the comments.
The peasants treated this holiday with special trepidation. During this period, the frost outside the window became stronger, which was called Nikolsky frosts.
The matchmaking began. Those who dreamed of getting married prayed to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker. They believed that prayer would help you meet your soulmate faster.
On December 19, it is customary to give gifts to children. Therefore, the little family members waited for the holiday with special impatience. From the very morning they looked under the pillow. Saint Nicholas gave sweets to those who behaved well during the year.
On the morning of December 19, people went to church, served a prayer service, and then returned home and set rich tables. You should not be sad on this day; it is believed that sadness will lead to severe frosts.
In Rus' during this period, fairs were organized and grain and flour were sold at reduced prices. The price from almost all merchants was the same, so buyers did not worry that they would be deceived by inflating the price.
On St. Nicholas the Winter, it was customary for those who had quarreled to make peace. People gathered and had lavish feasts. They believed that Saint Nicholas, in the form of a gray-haired old man, descended to earth and performed miracles.
The Wonderworker was revered as a protector from various misfortunes and an assistant in good deeds. They pray to him for a change in fate, for work, for health and marriage.
Folk signs
- If frost appears, then next year a rich harvest of oats is expected.
- If the day is frosty and sunny, then there will be a good harvest.
- As much snow falls on Nikolai, there will be as much grass in the spring.
- If the winter before December 19 was severe, then from this day a thaw will begin, which will last until