Changes in the normal heart rate - arrhythmia. Every second person on the planet faces such a deviation. The feeling, frankly speaking, is not very good. Due to interruptions in the functioning of the heart, heart beats or their fading are felt.
Unfortunately, many do not pay attention to such a feeling, but in vain. Most deviations require qualified assistance. The normal heart rate for adults is 60-90 beats per minute. In this case, this heart rate indicator should be measured when the person is in calm state, and the heartbeat interval is the same.
Attention! Most people, faced with arrhythmia problems, try to correct the situation using unconventional methods of treatment, self-medication, and at the same time know nothing about the causes, symptoms and nature of the manifestation of the malfunction.
With increasing load, the rhythm of contractions increases. This is fine. At this moment, the body is enriched with a sufficient amount nutrients and oxygen levels. With the cessation of the load, the number of heart beats per minute returns to normal.
It’s another matter when there is no load on the body, and the amount of contraction of the heart muscle increases. In this case, immediate treatment is required to avoid serious complications.
Types of arrhythmia
- Extrasystole.
- Flickering.
- Ventricular tachycardia.
- Heart rate disturbances.
The most common is extrasystole, when an extraordinary contraction of the heart occurs with sensations of an additional cardiac impulse or its fading. When this happens, the heart rhythm is disrupted, and the person himself does not notice it.
Extrasystole
Extrasystole is a disease characteristic of older people, which is also called atrial fibrillation. There is a violation of cardiac contraction due to atherosclerotic damage to the blood vessels of the heart muscles, which forms cardio-sclerotic areas, leading to chaotic and irregular contraction.
When starting recovery, it is necessary to consider the duration of the changes, exclude the presence of blood clots and, depending on the person’s condition, make the right decision.
Sometimes extrasystole is referred to as permanent form arrhythmias. But in this case, it is still necessary to undergo a course of treatment to bring the extrasystole to normosystole. That is, ensure that the heart rate does not exceed 90 beats per minute.
Ciliated
This type of deviation is more often called “atrial flutter”, which is often not noticed due to its regular nature. Most often, atrial fibrillation occurs due to diseases associated with lung diseases.
Ventricular tachycardia
More dangerous look deviations from the norm - supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia, which occur in both adults and children, both men and women. The disease is especially dangerous during pregnancy. Here you cannot do without urgent qualified help.
Ventricular - when the heart contracts from the sinus node. If variability occurs elsewhere, arrhythmia appears, even if the heart rate is normal, and the number of beats per minute is far beyond acceptable limits.
Ventricular tachycardia – dangerous disease, in case of untimely provision of assistance often leads to death
Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias can be caused by many diseases and may not necessarily be associated with heart disease.
Rate abnormalities in adults can occur as a result of tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias, abnormalities that are associated with congenital heart defects and in rheumatism and myocarditis.
The presence of such a deviation in adults and children is considered dangerous and requires treatment. Here, first of all, it is necessary to establish the cause of the emerging disease in order to begin to treat not the arrhythmia, but the disease itself. The frequency of strokes normalizes over time.
Treatment
For extrasystoles, treatment is prescribed only when an adult or child is bothered by an extraordinary contraction, and is carried out only with medications, the prescription of which depends on the presence of a certain number of extrasystoles and the causes of the disease.
After the course drug treatment the patient stops complaining about the extraordinary contraction, that is, the heart rate normalizes.
Rhythm failure with atrial fibrillation, as well as with extrasystole, is treated with medication. Only in this case, before prescribing drugs, the doctor determines the likelihood of blood clots using an ultrasound examination of the heart and its vessels. To maintain the normal rate of strokes, the doctor prescribes a special course of drug treatment.
Ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias are more difficult to treat. Here, in addition to medications, in emergency cases, electrical discharges are used, which must be carried out as quickly as possible, since the patient can lose consciousness at any moment, which will worsen the condition, which can cause death.
But there are cases when it is possible to normalize the functioning of a person’s heart only after cardiac surgery.
Treatment of arrhythmia in adults and children is carried out only in a hospital after a preliminary complete examination.
The cause of heart rhythm disturbances can be diseases of the endocrine system, most often thyrotoxicosis, when the heart rate increases. Here it is necessary to treat the underlying disease, aimed at reducing hormones in the blood, then heart rate variability (HRV) will return to normal.
Abnormal heart rhythm in adults, when the heart rate is above 91 beats, can be caused by anemia - oxygen deficiency is compensated.
If the beats per minute is below 59, this is a clear sign of sinus bradycardia, weakening of the sinus node occurs, which occurs more often in older people than in young people. Their sinus bradycardia is of a slightly different nature and manifests itself as a result of a decrease in the level of thyroid hormones.
Irregular heart rhythm – blockade – is a disease that can only be cured with cardiac surgery. It all depends on the degree of the disease.
Arrhythmia during pregnancy
Pregnancy is a change in the body of women, which is accompanied by disturbances in heart rhythm. It’s rare that a woman does not notice a rapid heartbeat, especially at the end of her pregnancy. Arrhythmia develops during pregnancy in 58% of women. Moreover, 44% of pregnant women have clear signs of functional arrhythmia. And even if future mom Having never suffered from heart disease before, being pregnant, she may experience an increase in heart rate. In this regard, it is urgent to normalize the patient’s heart rate. After all, pregnancy is already a kind of complication that occurs with a change in heart rhythm.
During pregnancy, it is extremely important to measure your blood pressure and pulse daily!
Features of arrhythmia in women and men
The symptoms of the disease are similar. There are some differences though. For example:
- In women, heart rhythm is disrupted after the age of 50.
- Men experience their first attacks of arrhythmia by the age of 45.
With arrhythmia, weakness, interruptions in heart function, anxiety, pain in the chest, and shortness of breath are felt.
The main causes of arrhythmia in women:
- Excessive emotionality.
- Stress.
- Excess weight.
- Physical overexertion.
The main causes of arrhythmia in men:
- Unhealthy lifestyle, that is, unhealthy diet, alcohol abuse.
- Incorrect transition to physical activity during sports training.
- Passive lifestyle.
IN Lately The cause of arrhythmia in both is smoking.
Failures in the normal rhythm of the heart do not always require treatment, although there are cases when the failure is difficult to bear, then the help of a specialist will not hurt. The main thing is to consult a doctor in a timely manner to prevent the development of stroke, heart attack, and so on.
In a healthy person, the pulse, that is, the vibration of the walls of the arteries due to the work of the heart, measured in the number of beats per minute, should not be less than 60 and more than 90 beats.
Rapid heartbeat can occur during physical or emotional stress. It stabilizes when the cause is eliminated, the only exceptions being children and pregnant women, in whom this is a normal phenomenon associated with physiology. A newborn’s pulse normally reaches 150 beats per minute; by 6 months, the heart begins to beat less “briskly” - the pulse is 90-120 beats.
By the way, a rapid heartbeat is also typical for older people; this is associated with age-related changes and hormonal changes. The norm after 65 years is a pulse of 100-110 beats per minute.
Stably rapid heartbeat is constantly observed in people with tachycardia disease; such patients are specially registered and constantly take medications, supporting the heart in a normal rhythm.
However, the pulse may be slow. In this case, doctors diagnose the disease as bradycardia. In this case, tonic drinks such as tea, coffee can help the heart function, it is useful to eat a slice of dark chocolate, doctors prescribe special medications.
Disturbances in the functioning of the cardiovascular system or disorders of the thyroid gland can also cause irregular heartbeats.
Pressure
Heart function is monitored by measuring blood pressure and taking an ECG. Counts normal blood pressure 90/110 mm with a deviation of no more than 10 mm Hg. Although many scientists are inclined to consider these figures conditional, assuring that the concept of “working pressure” more than has a right to exist. Thus, every year there is an increase in the number of people who feel well with a conditionally low blood pressure of 75/90 mm, as well as with an elevated blood pressure of 110/130.
It is noteworthy that deviations are typical for residents of large cities, while in rural areas As before, a rise or fall in a person’s blood pressure leads to a crisis.
Higher (systological) pressure refers to the force of blood pressure on the walls of blood vessels. The lower one (distological) shows the force of blood pressure on the walls of blood vessels in the pause between heartbeats.
Blood pressure indicators are closely related to such phenomena as heartbeat, rapid shallow breathing and even body temperature. Therefore, patients with unstable blood pressure must monitor it regularly. Even special calendars have been developed, which patients must fill out several times a day, entering data on blood pressure measurements and describing their well-being.
A regular decrease in blood pressure is called hypotension; this disease is not classified as a high-risk disease, like hypertension - a disease high pressure. According to the degree of the disease, hypertension is divided into three stages:
- at the first stage, the upper pressure is fixed between 140-159 mm, the lower - 90-98 mm;
- second stage - upper: 160-179 mm, and lower 100-109 mm;
- third stage - upper: 180 mm and above, lower - 110 mm. This is the most dangerous stage of hypertension, given that a blood pressure of 130/85 is considered normal for a hypertensive patient.
Hypertension in mandatory take medications to lower blood pressure and are under constant supervision of the attending physician.
Humanity is a very important component of a person. Some people don't pay any attention to their heartbeat. Many people do not pay attention to heart rate norms, however, it is worth paying attention to.
Very often deviations occur, but the patient does not notice it. Namely, this deviation can serve as the formation of some kind of ailment. So let's look at this topic in a little more detail.
Content:
Cyclicity of the heart
As everyone knows, from a biology course, it is connected to the vessels that carry blood. Arteries carry blood away from the heart, but veins carry it back towards the heart. But why does blood move through arteries and veins? For blood to move, pressure is necessary; it creates a rhythmic movement of blood in the vessels.
Here is the necessary knowledge about the cyclical development of the heart. This will help you understand how blood circulates in the body.
Normal heart rate in humans at different age stages
If you take a closer look, each person has their own heart rate. It can be differentiated using age stages. It may also depend on the person’s health, as well as on their physical condition. The heart rate of athletes is different from the heartbeat ordinary person. It is much less common among athletes.
If we talk about babies, then their heartbeat is twice as fast as that of the mother who bears him. , which you measure after you have experienced physical activity, for example after gym, then it will be much more often than in a person who is simply lying or sitting, in a calm state.
Here, for example, are some average heart rates for different age groups:
- Fetus that has not yet been born (in the womb) – 140-160 beats (mostly in the last trimester)
- Child within a year after birth – 80-160 beats
- Child from one to two years – 80-120 strokes
- Child from three to seven years old – 75-115 beats
- Child from seven to ten years old – 70-110 strokes
- Teenager from ten to fourteen years old – 65-100 blows
- From fourteen years and older – 50-100 blows
If you or your child violates this norm, it is advisable to consult a specialist.
The specialist will perform an ultrasound of your heart and explain some abnormalities in the functioning of your body. And if necessary, he will prescribe treatment.
What is a normal fetal heartbeat?
The fetal heart rate can be determined as early as the sixth week. To determine the fetal heart rate, you will need a special ultrasound device. You should take into account some normal heartbeat rates for a baby in the womb:
- From six to eight weeks in the womb - 110-130 beats per minute.
- From ten to ten weeks in the womb – 170-190 beats min.
- Over eleven weeks in the womb - 140-160 beats per minute.
Based on this table, we can say that the heart rate changes throughout the development of the fetus in the womb. But what does this have to do with? This is due to the development of vegetative nervous system at the baby's. Throughout, a lot of time is devoted to the development of the heart. It is timely detection that will help to avoid deviations in fetal development and take the necessary measures.
Possible heartbeat abnormalities
Abnormalities in the functioning of the heart occur very often. If the heart works well and there are no deviations, then the cycle changes after the same period of time. The periods of contraction and even relaxation of the heart must coincide.
If deviations are still observed, this indicates that malfunctions are also occurring throughout the body. If the contraction phase is short, then the blood does not have time to deliver important elements into various cells throughout the body.
Consequently, the body will not be enriched. If the relaxation phase is short, then the heart does not have time to rest from work, and the consequence of all this is rapid wear and tear of the heart. And this shines for operations in the future.
There are several types of rhythm disturbances in humans:
- Normocardia
- Bradycardia
- Normocardia - beats can be from sixty to ninety per minute.
- Bradycardia - possibly up to sixty beats per minute. If speak about healthy person, then this is not enough for him and is an abnormal indicator.
- Tachycardia is usually over ninety heart beats. It is this heartbeat that is a deviation.
So, watch your heartbeat occasionally, it can tell you a lot. After all, it is the heart that delivers throughout our body, and also enriches the body with oxygen and other vital substances.
Therefore, as soon as you feel something is wrong, contact a specialist and do not “delay” until the last moment. The sooner you can consult, the better it will affect the development of your body and the body of your baby. Be healthy and don't get sick!
Pulse rate is one of the main indicators that indicates a person’s condition.
If this indicator deviates from the norm, there is a high probability of diagnosing diseases of the cardiovascular system.
What should a person's heartbeat be like? Everyone should know the answer to this question.
Features of heart contraction
When you put your hand on the left side of your chest, you can hear a knocking sound—the beating of your heart. The rhythm of contractions can be normal, rapid, increased or decreased. In some cases, the heart rate may be chaotic. What should the heartbeat be like?
Each person's heart rate is different. But there are certain norms, the violation of which indicates heart or vascular disease. For example, an increase in the rhythm indicates tachycardia, and a slowdown indicates bradycardia.
However, it is worth noting that a slowdown in the rhythm with which the heart beats does not in every case indicate the development of the disease. If the idea is about athletes or people who practice meditation, this indicates training of the heart.
The heart of an adult and a child, a woman and a man, contracts in several cycles:
- Atrial systole. The duration of this stage is no more than 0.1 seconds. The atria fill with blood, some of which remains, and some of which is sent to the ventricles of the heart.
- Contraction of the ventricles. The peculiarity of this cycle is the contraction of the walls of the right and left ventricles, which leads to the expulsion of blood from them.
- Diastole. Heart on a short time relaxes, preparing to take a new portion of blood.
One heartbeat consists of all three phases.
What are the norms?
The heart rate depends on many factors. Among the most significant are the following:
- age;
- amount of physical activity;
- emotional stress;
- presence of chronic diseases.
However, there are certain heart rate norms:
- Until the age of 30, heart rate does not exceed 60 beats.
- At the age of no more than 50 years, the heart should contract within the range of 50–85 beats per minute.
- If the age is after 50 years, the norm changes to 65–90 beats.
- After 60, the heart contracts at a frequency of 70–95 beats for 1 minute.
If the indicators do not go beyond the heart rate standards, this indicates that the person’s health is not in danger.
An adult cannot have the same heart rate at 60 as at 30.
As for the difference in heart rate between women and men, the difference ranges between 8–9 beats.
This is due to the fact that with the onset of menopause, the speed at which the heart beats increases slightly. This process is called functional type tachycardia.
It should be noted that, as a rule, women go through menopause early. And this is why a problem such as functional tachycardia can arise, but this problem is completely unrelated to heart disease. So there is no need to worry too much.
The cause of the above problem may be low levels of estrogen in the female body, and, as a rule, this hormone may well affect the increase in blood pressure. Compared to men, the heart rate is slightly higher.
Causes of violations from the norm
In order to calculate the rate of heart contraction, you need to know how to do it correctly. Measurements must be taken every day for a week at the same time.
There are often cases when people experience a disturbance in the rhythm of contractions, which is in no way associated with diseases of the heart or blood vessels.
Among the most common reasons the following can be mentioned:
However, I would like to draw Special attention for symptoms that occur in tandem with a violation of the normal heart rate:
- pain behind the sternum;
- heavy breathing caused by lack of air;
- feeling of shortness of breath at rest;
- fast fatiguability;
- increased amount of sweat;
- swelling of the upper and lower extremities.
All of the above symptoms indicate the development of cardiac diseases.
Often the cause of this can be chronic concomitant ailments: inflammatory processes, dysfunction of the endocrine system, diseases of the nervous system, etc.
If one or more causes are detected, you should immediately contact a specialist and undergo a thorough examination. Ideally, it is necessary to use several methods: electrocardiogram, ultrasound examination, x-ray, blood test, etc.
Only based on the results of examinations will it be possible to accurately say about the state of health. Be healthy!
Blood pressure and pulse are the main indicators of a person’s health. If we talk about heart contractions, then it is by them that the presence of cardiac diseases can be determined, so it is important to know the maximum permissible indicators that are considered normal. A normal heartbeat per minute can vary between 60-80 beats. Let's take a closer look at what it depends on and what levels it can reach.
Dependence of heart rate on gender and age
Initially, we note that the heart rate depends on the age of the person. For example, for one-year-old children, the norm is 120-130 heart beats per minute; for adults, these figures average 60-80 beats. Moreover, the older a person is, the less frequent his pulse will be.
Regarding gender, studies show that women's heart rates are 5-9 units higher than men's. During menopause, the pulse increases by another 5-7 beats. This is due to a decrease in estrogen levels in the blood.
Normal pulse in different states
The heartbeat also depends on the physical condition of the human body. At rest, it varies between 60-80 beats. While walking, the heart rate increases, reaching 100 beats/min. If you walk quickly, your heart rate may be slightly higher. During intense physical activity, heart rate increases to approximately 140 beats/min, and may vary slightly depending on age. There is even a formula that allows you to determine the maximum permissible heartbeat of a person during physical activity. It is calculated by reducing the number 220 by a number equivalent to the age of a particular person.
The heart rate also depends on the time of day. For example, at night the heart rate will be approximately 50 beats per minute, this is considered normal. In the evening, the pulse is within 90 beats/min, during the day – about 60-80 beats.
How to measure your pulse
To determine the heart rate, you need to place your index and middle fingers on the radial artery - where the pulse can be easily felt. This place is located 2 cm above the first fold on the inside of the hand. The intensity of the pressure should be such that the shocks are heard clearly enough. Next, you need to count your pulse for 30 seconds, then multiply the resulting figure by 2.
Today, many devices have appeared that allow you to quickly measure heart rate. But it is better to give preference to the palpation method, because it is considered the most accurate and informative. The devices provide a large error, which contributes to obtaining incorrect information about the state of the human body at the moment.
Important! Heart rate can be measured not only on the radial artery. This is done on the carotid, femoral and popliteal arteries. But using the first option is more convenient.
What affects pulse irregularities?
If your heart rate is abnormal, you should definitely consult a doctor and undergo a full examination to obtain information about your condition. own health. But how do you know when you need it? health care, and in what cases is a change in heart rate normal? There are physiological and pathological causes of heart palpitations. The first are as follows:
- eating food, especially hot food;
- consumption of alcohol and energy drinks;
- physical fatigue;
- excessive physical exercise;
- state of stress;
- long stay in a stuffy room;
- increase in body temperature.
In all of the above cases, in order to normalize the pulse, it is enough to simply wait a while; in the latter case, stabilize the body temperature. If the increase in heart rate is caused by being in a stuffy room, you can reduce it by going out into the fresh air or ventilating the room.
Concerning pathological reasons, causing rapid heartbeat, these include various cardiovascular and endocrine diseases. Infectious diseases and the presence of tumors also contribute to an increase in heart rate. In this case, in addition to high heart rate indicators, additional signs, indicating the presence of any illness. These are pain in the area of the unhealthy organ, increased fatigue, and dizziness. If we're talking about about cardiac diseases, increased sweating, swelling of the extremities, and insomnia are additionally noted. If you have such symptoms in combination with a constantly rapid heartbeat, you should immediately consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis will increase the chances of successful treatment.
Attention should also be paid to the pathological decrease in heart rate. It also often indicates heart disease, such as a heart attack or myocardial dystrophy. Additionally, weakness, increased sweating, and dizziness are observed.
How to normalize your heartbeat
In most cases, people are faced with a rapid pulse, which causes noticeable anxiety. And the first thing that needs to be done is to restore its normal performance. To do this, you can take the following measures:
- Stop physical activity if necessary.
- Try to calm down if stress provoked an increase in heart rate.
- Lie down for about 20 minutes, controlling your breathing, focusing on each inhalation and exhalation.
- Go out into the fresh air or ventilate the room.
- Drink a cup of warm mint tea or rosehip infusion.
- Drink tincture of valerian or motherwort.
- If previous measures were unsuccessful, you can take Corvalol, Validol or Valocordin. These drugs not only have a sedative effect, but also affect the heart rate, reducing it. If the listed medications are not available, you can take any similar drug.
- Additionally, it is recommended to wash your face with cool water.
Typically, the measures listed above help normalize the heart rate. If this does not happen or if palpitations are observed systematically, you should seek medical help.
Important! If we are talking about heart rate control, then it should be measured over several days and at the same time. It is advisable to do this in a lying position. Then the indicators are closer to real ones.