Info lesson on the topic PARONYMS TACTICAL - TACTICAL
Info lesson plan:
1. Lexical meaning of paronyms tactical - tactful
2.Examples of phrases with paronyms tactical
3.Examples of sentences with a paronym tactical
4.Examples of phrases with paronyms tactful
5.Examples of sentences with a paronym tactful
1.LEXICAL MEANING OF PARONYMS TACTICAL - TACTICAL
TACTICAL. Related to tactics.
TACTICS.
TACTICS -
1) an integral part of the art of war - the theory and practice of preparing and conducting combat;
2) a general plan for preparing and conducting combat, combat operations;
3) transfer. a set of means and techniques to achieve an unmarked goal.
TACTFUL. Possessing tact, carried out with a sense of tact.
Adjective related in meaning to a noun TACT.
TACT- the ability to behave decently, respecting others, a sense of proportion in behavior and actions.
Tactical training - training related to tactics [of the art of war];
tactful preparation - preparation for something, carried out with great tact, correctly.
2. EXAMPLES OF WORD COMBINATIONS WITH PARONIM - TACTICAL
1) tactical plan
2) tactical training
3) tactical exercises
4) tactical knowledge
5) tactical mistake
6) tactical success
7) tactical task
8) tactical goal
9) tactical combination
10) tactical maneuver
11) tactical technique
12) tactical rule
13) tactical unit
14) tactical reconnaissance
15) tactical consideration
16) tactical conclusion
17) tactical talent
18) tactical qualities
19) tactical capabilities
20)tactical advantages
21)tactical differences
22) tactical properties of the terrain
23) tactical training of troops
24) tactical speed of the ship
25) tactical group of ships
26) tactical aviation
27) tactical nuclear weapons
3.EXAMPLES OF SENTENCES WITH PARONIM - TACTICAL
1) The main task of military engineering is to facilitate the maneuver of friendly troops and constrain the maneuver of the enemy. This is a purely task tactical. (S. Golubev. When fortresses do not surrender)
2) Problem tactical leadership is to master all forms of struggle and organization of the proletariat and ensure their correct use in order to achieve maximum results in a given ratio
3 ) [Guerrilla warfare] not only does not fit any rules, but is directly opposite to what is known and recognized as infallible tactical rule. (L.N. Tolstoy. War and Peace)
4) - In my opinion, it needs to be changed tactical technique, to disperse the enemy’s attention, to disorient him. (A.A. Perventsev. Honor from a young age)
5) Tactical center - an underground association of parties and organizations (“Union for the Revival of Russia”, “Council of Public Figures”, “National Center”, etc.) that opposed Soviet power (Moscow, April 1919 - February 1920).
6) Tactical ship log - a document reflecting the state of the tactical and technical elements of the ship and basic data about its service.
7) Tactical training - training of personnel of units, units (ships), formations, as well as commanders and control bodies in the preparation and conduct of combat operations; one of the most important subjects of combat training.
8) Tactical terrain properties - a set of terrain elements (relief, vegetation, communication routes, etc.) that influence the combat operations of troops.
9) Tactical goal is the most specific and necessarily realistic goal, the implementation of which allows one to get closer to achieving the strategic goal.
10) Tactical live-fire exercises are carried out in order to increase the field training of troops, test the combat training of personnel, improve the coherence of units (units, formations) and the skills of commanders and staffs in command and control of troops in conditions as close as possible to combat.
11) Maneuver - the organized movement of troops during military operations to a new direction. The scale is divided into strategic, operational and tactical maneuver.
12) When planning military operations, take into account tactical the capabilities of formations and units, the nature and characteristics of their actions in a specific situation.
13) An important achievement was the use in offensive operations mobile formations and formations - cavalry corps and horse armies, which made it possible to significantly increase the depth of attacks, increase the pace of the offensive, develop tactical operational success.
14) B Battle of Stalingrad 1942-43 and in Battle of Kursk 1943 methods for organizing a deep-in-depth, persistent defense and counter-offensive, correctly choosing the direction of the main attack, achieving operational tactical surprise, accurate determination of weak points in the enemy’s defense, reasonable calculation of forces and means for a successful breakthrough tactical defense and development of success into operational depth, organization of clear interaction between troops, rapid encirclement and defeat of large enemy forces.
15) Legion - the main organizational and tactical unit in the army Ancient Rome(4.5-10 thousand people).
16) Ram - 1) a protrusion in the underwater part of a rowing fleet ship. 2) tactical reception sea battle- a blow to the side of an enemy vessel with one’s own ram, as a result of which a hole was formed and the enemy vessel sank.
17) Forensic tactics include tactical techniques, recommendations, tactical combinations and operations.
19) Forensic tactics - applied doctrine of psychological and tactical principles and methods of solving and preventing crimes.
20) Tactical base - a border strip on which all the means necessary for waging war are collected.
21) Military exercises - uniform tactical and operational training of troops, naval forces, commanders and headquarters on the ground in conditions close to combat.
22) Training is the main, most effective form of achieving field, sea and air training of formations, units, subunits and command and control bodies, tactical and operational training of commanders (commanders) and officers of headquarters and departments.
23) Despite tactical German success, encirclement near Kiev delayed German offensive to Moscow at a critical moment.
24) Launcher - unit (device) for launching tactical, operational-tactical, strategic and anti-aircraft missiles.
25) In all most developed countries Western Europe methods were developed and tactical techniques for covering objects, conducting air battles In order to prevent air strikes, the first steps have been taken to organize the interaction of fighter aircraft with other air defense systems.
26) In accordance with the plan of the battle, groups were determined tactical purposes: shock, cover, distraction, etc.
27) Depending on the situation, significant forces may be involved tactical aviation.
28) Call fire on yourself - tactical technique in war: while distracting the enemy from the main forces, expose yourself to fire.
29) Depending on the purpose, there are cartographic, tactical and meteorological symbols.
30) Tactical Conventional signs are used to indicate on maps and other graphic documents the nature and results of emergencies. emergency situations, the presence of infrastructure in a given region and other elements of the situation.
4.EXAMPLES OF PHRASES WITH PARONIM - TACTIC
1) tactful person
2) tactful interlocutor
3) tactful teacher
4) tactful act
5) tactful question
6) tactful remark
7) tactful warning
8) tactful decision
9) tactful participation
10) tactful behavior
11) tactful attitude
12) tactful handling
13) tactful tone
14) tactful words
5.EXAMPLES OF SENTENCES WITH PARONIM - TACTIC
1) - She [N.F.] provided her financial support. von Meck] managed to offer and provide Tchaikovsky with such tactful and in a sincerely friendly manner - that Tchaikovsky’s pride and dignity could not be hurt by this in the slightest degree. (V. Kholodkovsky. House in Klin)
2) Sokolova was a simple, straightforward person and not particularly tactful. (V.G. Korolenko. From both sides)
3) [The janitor] was so tactful, that he never spoke to me in front of the owners, probably feeling that by doing so he would put me, and himself, in an awkward position. (M. Gorky. Story by Philip Vasilyevich)
4) Oznobishin named several lawyers and gave some advice himself, with businesslike and very tactful participation. (K.A. Fedin. Extraordinary summer)
5) Political (colloquial) - tactful and dexterous, skillful in handling, diplomatic.
6) Delicate - 1) polite, courteous, helpful, gentle in handling; peculiar tactful person. 2) ( trans., colloquial.) difficult, requiring a careful and tactful attitude; ticklish. 3) (obsolete) tender, weak, fragile (about a person).
7) [Salty]: I didn’t behave with enough restraint, tactless. (A.P. Chekhov. Three sisters)
8) The adjective “delicate” came into the Russian language, according to one version, from Polish language, and according to the other, most likely, from Latin through French. The word became established in Russian vocabulary at the beginning of the 18th century.
The meaning of the word is “courteous”, “ tactful in communication”, “courteous”.
9) Democrat ( iron.) - excessively soft, compliant, tactful Human.
10) [Lyamin:] If I don’t agree right away, it means it’s very difficult for me. In such cases, be tactful, Do not push me. (A.M. Volodin. Appointment )
11) The first youthful feeling needs careful, tactful attitude of teachers, parents and other adults.
12) He turned out to be thin , tactful, and even more than that - a gentle person.
13) In connection with the performance of pedagogical functions, the club worker must have a “psychological sense” - quickly and correctly understand people, find them individual approach, be tactful and demonstrate pedagogical resourcefulness.
14) “Teaching” by Vladimir Monomakh preaches hard work, conscientiousness, frugality, order and cleanliness in the household. Very tactfully regulated labor Relations between owner and worker.
15) Describing the personality of Nicholas II, the German diplomat Count Rex considered the tsar a spiritually gifted person, a noble way of thinking, prudent and tactful.
16) N.N. Miklouho-Maclay lived for 15 months among the Papuans with his friendly and tactful behavior won their love and trust.
17) On July 5, 1917, in a letter to his wife in Zurich, A.V. Lunacharsky explained his position during the July crisis: “I had to identify with the Bolsheviks, I said the most tactful speech in their defense... But... they don’t take my advice into account.”
18) According to A. Ya. Eshpay, “father was significant, deep, intelligent and tactful, very modest - a genuine musician, capable of self-denial. An excellent connoisseur of folklore, he seemed to step aside as an author, seeing his duty as conveying to people the beauty and greatness of folk thought. He realized that it was impossible to adapt the Mari pentatonic scale... to any other harmonious and independent system, but alien to folk art. I can always recognize the original from my father’s works.”
19) A.P. Chekhov, the most intelligent, tactful and a modest classic of Russian literature, was also the biggest joker.
20) Bezobrazov Kozma-Avraam Osipovich, a dexterous and tactful, knew how to remain at the royal throne under a number of kings: under Ivan the Terrible, Boris Godunov, False Dmitry, Vasily Shuisky.
Sources used
Strategy is a term that is most often used in military affairs, but can be used in any other human activity. This is a general, large-scale plan drawn up for a specific purpose over a long period of time. This is used when describing the plans of commanders during war: for example, there is a strategy of crushing, a strategy of attrition, intimidation, indirect action and others. This term can be used in any field: in winning love, in achieving career heights, in economic planning, in organizing a business.
When developing a strategy, only a specific, large-scale goal is set, which is not divided into small tasks. The strategy does not include a detailed description, it only builds rough plan, or rather, the direction of action.
A strategy is necessary when the available resources are insufficient to quickly and easily achieve the goal. Therefore, it is necessary to think over an action plan in order to spend these resources economically and efficiently and get the desired result depending on the situation.
What is tactics?
Tactics differs from strategy in its narrower focus. Essentially, it is part of a strategy that has a specific, closer and more precise goal. Tactics solve one of the tasks necessary to achieve the desired result. It is also called a strategy implementation tool. In military affairs, tactics is the theory and practice of combat by various units in different conditions. But it is also used in any other areas.
Tactics are always more specific, detailed and short-term compared to strategy, but in fact these two concepts exist only in relation to each other. The differences are best seen in time intervals. For example, when organizing a week, a plan for the day will be a tactic in relation to the strategy, but at the same time, things to do for the next two hours are a tactic compared to the strategy of the day.
Also, these two concepts can be specified according to the degree of their specification. For example, a woman sets a goal to attract the attention of a man. Analyzing the situation - her resources (appearance, intelligence, strengths and weaknesses), the surrounding conditions (the environment, the behavior of a man, his preferences), she develops a strategy for achieving her goal, for example, with the help of beauty.
And the tactics in this case will be her specific actions: the use of certain cosmetics, attention-grabbing clothing, a set of measures to improve her figure. But if we consider the last task as a separate goal - for example, you need to lose weight, then the strategy in this case will be the chosen direction: through diet or
After the completion of R&D and the start of serial production of the new coastal anti-ship missile systems (SCMC) “Bastion” and “Bal”, Russia became the leader in the world market of these systems. For its own needs, the Russian Navy purchases only the Bastion anti-ship missile system for operational-tactical purposes, designed to destroy large surface targets, and neglects the purchase of less powerful tactical ball anti-ship missile systems. Considering that in today's conditions the prospect of a local conflict in coastal waters is more likely than the outbreak of a large-scale war, such a policy of the Russian Navy looks short-sighted.
Modern coastal anti-ship missile systems are quite powerful systems capable of not only solving coastal defense problems, but also hitting naval targets at a distance of up to hundreds of kilometers from it. Possessing usually their own target designation means, high autonomy and mobility, modern coastal anti-ship missile systems have high combat stability and are hardly vulnerable to even the most serious enemy. These circumstances have become one of the reasons for the current surge of attention in the global arms market to the new generation of coastal anti-ship missile systems. Additional prospects are provided by the now-created possibility of using coastal SCRCs as means of using high-precision missile weapons against ground targets.
Main foreign developmentsforeign developments
Today on the world market there is a wide range of coastal anti-ship missile systems, armed with almost all modern types RCC.
Harpoon (Boeing, USA) - despite its widespread use in the world, this anti-ship missile system is used in coastal complexes only in small quantities in several countries: Denmark, Spain, Egypt and South Korea. At the same time, in Denmark, coastal complexes were created independently by rearranging Harpoon anti-ship missile launchers from decommissioned frigates in the early 90s.
Exocet (MBDA, France) - coastal complexes using the first generation of Exocet MM38 anti-ship missiles were previously in service in the UK (Excalibur complex in Gibraltar, sold to Chile in 1994) and Argentina (improvised, used during the Falklands conflict in 1982 .), and today are used in Chile and Greece. Coastal SCRCs with more modern Exocet MM40 missiles are in service in Greece, Cyprus, Qatar, Thailand, Saudi Arabia (deliveries were made in the second half of the 80s and in the 90s) and in Chile (in the latter case made independently).
Otomat (MBDA, Italy) - used as part of coastal anti-ship missile systems delivered in the 80s. Egypt and Saudi Arabia.
RBS-15 (Saab, Sweden) - this complex in the coastal version of the RBS-15K is in service in Sweden and Finland (it was delivered in the 80s), and in Croatia the RBS-15 anti-ship missiles are used as part of the one created in the 90s gg. coastal SCRC MOL of its own production. Saab continues marketing of onshore SCRC based on new version RBS-15 Mk 3 missiles.
RBS-17 (Saab, Sweden) is a modified version of the American Hellfire anti-tank missile. Used from light coastal launchers (PU), which are in service in Sweden and Norway.
Penguin (Kongsberg, Norway) - since the 70s. this anti-ship missile is used in stationary launchers in the Norwegian coastal defense. Now the complex is outdated and is being removed from service.
NSM (Kongsberg, Norway) is a new Norwegian anti-ship missile system, also offered as a mobile coastal anti-ship missile system. At the end of 2008, Poland entered into a contract worth $145 million for the acquisition of one division of coastal NSM with delivery in 2012. This is the first known contract for the supply of Western European-made anti-ship missile systems in the last decade. In the future, it is possible to purchase the coastal version of NSM in Norway itself.
SSM-1A (Mitsubishi, Japan) - Japanese-made anti-ship missiles, used in Type 88 mobile coastal anti-ship missiles in service with Japan. Not exported.
Hsiung Feng (Taiwan) - family of anti-ship missiles, used since the 70s. in the coastal defense of Taiwan as part of the stationary and mobile SCRCs of the same name. The first version of the anti-ship missile system (Hsiung Feng I) was created on the basis of a modified analogue of the Israeli anti-ship missile system Gabriel Mk 2. Since 2002, the Hsiung Feng II anti-ship missile system has entered Taiwan's arsenal in a mobile version, using a longer-range missile entirely of Taiwanese design. In the future, it is possible to create a coastal complex based on the latest Taiwanese supersonic anti-ship missile system Hsiung Feng III. These systems were not exported.
HY-2 (PRC) - Chinese anti-ship missile (also known as S-201), which is a modified analogue of the Soviet P-15 missile developed in the 60s. Coastal SCRC based on HY-2 since the 60s. formed the basis of the coastal defense of the PRC, and were also supplied to Iraq, Iran, North Korea and Albania.
HY-4 (PRC) - a modified version of the HY-2 with a turbojet engine, used in the coastal defense of the PRC since the 80s. After 1991, coastal systems with this missile were supplied to the UAE. Their own analogues of this missile for coastal defense were developed in Iran (Raad) and the DPRK (American designations AG-1 and KN-01). Today the rocket is hopelessly outdated.
YJ-62 (PRC) is an anti-ship variant (also designated as C-602) of the family of modern Chinese CJ-10 cruise missiles, similar to the American Tomahawk. Coastal mobile SCRC S-602 enters service in last years, becoming the main coastal defense system of the anti-ship missile system. No export data available.
YJ-7 (PRC) - a family of light modern anti-ship missiles, which includes missiles from S-701 to S-705. In Iran, a licensed production of the C-701 is underway under the name Kosar, including in a coastal version, and the C-704 is under the name Nasr.
YJ-8 (PRC) - a series of modern Chinese anti-ship missiles, which includes the S-801, S-802 and S-803 missiles. Coastal mobile systems with S-802 missiles are in service in the PRC, and in 1990–2000. were supplied to Iran and, according to some information, to the DPRK. It is reported that Thailand is now planning to purchase these coastal SCRCs. In Iran, a licensed production of S-802 missiles was organized under the designation Noor; coastal systems with them were delivered to Syria and the Lebanese organization Hezbollah and were used by the latter in the Lebanese conflict of 2006.
Domestic context
Soviet period
In the USSR, significant attention was traditionally paid to the creation of coastal SCRCs, because they were considered as an important means of coastal defense in conditions of the naval superiority of the West. Moreover, in the Soviet Union such complexes were created on the basis of anti-ship missiles not only for tactical purposes, but also for operational-tactical purposes with a firing range exceeding 200 km.
In 1958, the first Soviet coastal mobile anti-ship missile system 4K87 "Sopka" with S-2 missiles with a firing range of up to 100 km was put into service (developed by a branch of OKB-155, now MKB "Raduga" as part of the OJSC Tactical Missile Weapons Corporation "). The same missiles were also used in coastal stationary protected anti-ship missile systems "Strela" ("Utes"), built in the Black Sea and Northern fleets. The Sopka complex formed the basis of the coastal missile and artillery forces of the USSR in the 60s. and was widely supplied to friendly countries, but in the 80s. was finally withdrawn from service.
To replace the Sopka complex, the Mechanical Engineering Design Bureau (Kolomna) developed and in 1978 adopted for service with the USSR Navy the mobile coastal anti-ship missile system 4K40 Rubezh, using the widespread naval anti-ship missile system P-15M with a firing range of up to 80 km developed by the Raduga IKB. . The Rubezh complex was completely autonomous and had a launcher and a Harpoon target designation radar integrated on one vehicle (MAZ-543M chassis), implementing the concept of a “missile boat on wheels.” “Frontier”, which took place in the 80s. modernization, still remains the main coastal SCRC of the Russian Navy. In the 80s in the Rubezh-E export version, the complex was supplied to the GDR, Poland, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Algeria, Libya, Syria, Yemen, India, Vietnam and Cuba. After the collapse of the USSR, Ukraine received a number of systems, and after the collapse of Yugoslavia, its Rubezh-E complexes went to Montenegro, which sold them to Egypt in 2007. Now “Rubezh” is considered morally and physically obsolete.
As a coastal complex for operational-tactical purposes for the USSR Navy, the mobile 4K44B Redut anti-ship missile system with supersonic P-35B missiles with a firing range of up to 270 km developed by OKB-52 (now JSC NPO Mashinostroeniya) was developed and put into service in 1966. . The BAZ-135MB is used as the base chassis. Subsequently, the Redut was modernized with the replacement of the P-35B missiles with the more modern 3M44 of the Progress complex, adopted for service in 1982. The P-35B and then 3M44 missiles were also re-equipped with the Utes coastal stationary complexes. In the 80s Redut-E complexes were supplied to Bulgaria, Syria and Vietnam. In the Russian Navy, in Syria and in Vietnam, these systems, despite their obsolescence, are still in service, and the Vietnamese complexes were modernized after 2000 by NPO Mashinostroyenia under the Modern program.
Present tense
In the 80s To replace the Redut and Rubezh complexes, the development of a new generation of coastal anti-ship missile systems began based on the then promising anti-ship missile systems (the Bastion and Ball complexes, respectively), but due to the collapse of the USSR, they were only completed in recent years. After the start of serial production of these systems, Russia became a leader in the market for the production of coastal anti-ship missile systems and, apparently, will retain this advantage for the next decade, especially taking into account the possibility of promoting even newer Club-M and Ball-U systems to the market in the future.
The operational-tactical coastal anti-ship missile system "Bastion" was developed by NPO Mashinostroyenia based on the new supersonic anti-ship missile system of the 3M55 "Oniks/Yakhont" series with a firing range of up to 300 km. The system is offered in mobile (K300P Bastion-P) and stationary (Bastion-S) versions, while for export it is equipped with K310 Yakhont missiles with a firing range of up to 290 km. The Bastion-P complex (division) includes four mobile launchers on the MZKT-7930 chassis (two missiles on each), a control vehicle, and target designation vehicles from the Monolit-B radar system and transport-loading vehicles can also be introduced .
In 2006, contracts were signed for the supply of one Bastion-P division to Vietnam (estimated value of $150 million) and two divisions to Syria (about $300 million), while the Vietnamese contract actually paid for the final part of the R&D . The complex was delivered to both customers along with Yakhont missiles by NPO Mashinostroyenia in 2010.
In 2008, the Russian Ministry of Defense issued a contract to NPO Mashinostroyenia for the supply of three 3K55 Bastion-P complexes with Onyx/Yakhont missiles to equip the 11th separate coastal missile and artillery brigade of the Black Sea Fleet, stationed in the Anapa area. At the end of 2009 - beginning of 2010, two Bastion-P complexes were transferred to the brigade (according to the “new look” of the Russian Armed Forces, they are called batteries and consolidated within the brigade into one division), and in 2011 there should be the third complex (battery) was transferred.
It was planned to replace the tactical complex "Rubezh" in the coastal missile and artillery forces of the Russian Navy with the mobile coastal anti-ship missile system 3K60 "Bal", created by the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Design Bureau of Mechanical Engineering" (the main contractor) and the enterprises of the corporation "Tactical Missile Weapons" (KTRV), using small-sized subsonic anti-ship missiles 3M24 "Uran" with a firing range of up to 120 km. The “Bal” complex includes four self-propelled launchers 3S60 on the MZKT-7930 chassis (eight missiles each), two self-propelled command and control and communications posts (SKPUS) made on the same chassis with the “Garpun-Bal” target designation radar, and also four transport-charging vehicles. The total ammunition load of the complex thus consists of 64 anti-ship missiles.
For testing, one Bal complex was manufactured in a minimal configuration (one SKPUS, two launchers and one transport-loading vehicle), which successfully completed state tests in the fall of 2004. This complex was transferred to trial operation of the Russian Navy and is now part of the 11th th separate coastal missile and artillery brigade of the Black Sea Fleet, although it does not have ammunition for 3M24 missiles. But despite the formal adoption in 2008, there were no orders for serial production of the “Bal” complex from the Russian Ministry of Defense. The complex is offered for export in the “Bal-E” version with 3M24E export missiles, but so far there have been no orders for it, despite the interest shown by a number of countries.
Another proposal for coastal anti-ship missile systems in Russia is the Club-M mobile complex promoted by OKB Novator (part of OJSC Almaz-Antey Air Defense Concern) based on cruise missiles of the Club family (Caliber) of types 3M14E, 3M54E and 3M54E1 with a firing range of up to 290 km. The complex is offered for export in a mobile version on different chassis with 3–6 missiles per launcher(including container version), there are no orders for it yet.
Another project was the proposal of KTRV (MKB "Raduga"), presented for the first time in 2006, for a mobile coastal version of the export version of the famous ship-based anti-ship missile system "Moskit-E" with supersonic missiles 3M80E with a firing range of up to 130 km. The disadvantages of this complex are the bulkiness of the missiles, which are no longer new, as well as the insufficient firing range. The coastal Moskit-E has not yet found demand.
Prospects for equipping the Russian Navy
The main promising coastal anti-ship missile system for the Russian Navy today is considered to be the universal complex “Bal-U”, being developed with the leading role of NPO Mashinostroyenia, which is supposed to use missiles of the “Onyx/Yakhont” and “Caliber” series (on the basis of interchangeability) in interaction with new target designation means. Apparently, due to the expectation of the readiness of this complex, the Russian Ministry of Defense is refusing additional orders for the Bastion anti-ship missile system and the purchase of Bal complexes with 3M24 missiles.
It should be noted that if the Bal-U complex is adopted as a unified system of coastal missile and artillery units of the Russian Navy, it will turn out that all the missile weapons of these units will be represented only by systems for operational-tactical purposes. In all cases, extremely expensive powerful (with a heavy warhead) supersonic (in the case of the Kalibr complex - with a supersonic stage) anti-ship missiles designed to destroy large warships will be used. The Russian Navy will have no modern coastal systems for tactical purposes in principle. Such a choice should hardly be considered optimal from both a military and economic point of view.
In the event of a real large-scale conflict, it is unlikely that large enemy ships (for example, American cruisers and destroyers equipped with the AEGIS weapon system, not to mention aircraft-carrying ships) would appear in coastal Russian waters, thereby exposing themselves to missile strikes. The times of a short-range naval blockade are long gone, and the US Navy will be able to launch strikes on Russian territory with sea-based cruise missiles from significant distances from the coast, obviously exceeding the range of existing coastal systems. It is obvious that the invasion of the enemy’s aircraft carrier strike group and large ships into the Russian near sea zone will be carried out only after the complete conquest of sea and air superiority and only after the destruction of coastal defense forces during an air-sea operation with the help of high-precision aviation weapons and cruise missiles.
It is also worth saying that a significant firing range, declared one of the main advantages of operational-tactical systems, will be difficult to achieve in a fight against a stronger enemy due to the difficulties of ensuring target designation at a considerable distance. The enemy will, if not disrupt, then make it as difficult as possible for coastal SCRCs to target at a significant range, provided by external means. In the worst case scenario, coastal SCRCs will be forced to rely only on their own radar systems, the range of which is limited by the radio horizon, which will negate the expected benefits of using expensive long-range missiles.
Thus, coastal SCRCs with powerful operational-tactical missiles, oriented primarily for use in large-scale conflicts against large and “high-tech” sea targets, in fact, in such a conflict, will face significant limitations in effectiveness and, quite possibly, will not be able to fully realize their combat potential. Firing “Onyxes” at small naval targets in limited conflicts is clearly irrational.
Meanwhile, the modern development of the naval forces of our neighbors, as well as the general trends in the evolution of littoral naval combat assets, give reason to assume an increasing role of small combat units (including small combat boats, and in the future, unmanned combat assets) in the war in the near sea zone. Even the US Navy is paying increasing attention to the development of such capabilities. Thus, in the coastal waters of Russia, the most likely conceptual scenario for the Russian Navy is not the presence of a “small number of large targets,” but the presence of a “large number of small targets.” It is obvious that the Russian Navy is in dire need of modern weapons systems to combat small and medium-sized surface targets in the near sea zone, especially in inland seas.
Low-cost subsonic small-sized anti-ship missiles should be considered one of the main weapons systems for solving problems of this kind. Russia has a very successful and proven modern example of such an anti-ship missile system in the form of “Uran” with 3M24 series missiles, as well as its coastal version in the form of “Bala”.
Neglecting the procurement of these systems, both ship-based and shore-based, seems completely short-sighted.
The reorientation of Russian naval forces to fight not only large, but also light and boat forces (at least in the Black, Baltic and Japanese Seas) should affect the development of all branches and forces of the Navy - both naval personnel, naval aviation and coastal missiles -artillery units. With regard to the latter, the most optimal prospects are seen in the combination of purchases of operational-tactical coastal anti-ship missile systems "Bastion-P" and "Bal-U" with powerful and high-speed anti-ship missiles "Onyx" and tactical complexes "Bal" with Uran class missiles. It should be noted that the cost of one Onyx/Yakhont 3M55 missile is approximately 3-4 times higher than the Uran 3M24 series missile. The cost of a Bastion-P anti-ship missile system battery with a standard ammunition load of 16 missiles is approximately comparable (and most likely higher) with the cost of a Bal anti-ship missile system battery with a standard ammunition load of 64 missiles. Moreover, from the point of view of “clogging” the target channels of modern naval air defense systems, a salvo of 32 subsonic missiles is preferable to a salvo of eight supersonic missiles.
In practice, the high cost of the Bastion and Ball-U complexes will most likely lead to a limitation in their purchases or to a stretching of the period of their supply for a long time. As a result, if the fleet does not resort to purchasing tactical anti-ship missile systems, the Russian coastal missile and artillery units of the Navy in a decade will be equipped mainly with the Redut and Rubezh complexes, which by that time will finally turn into “museum exhibits” with negligible combat significance . It should also be pointed out that the 3M24 missiles, as their improvement in Lately, have great modernization potential, the implementation of which will allow, at relatively low costs, to significantly increase the flexibility and efficiency of using missile weapon systems based on them.
Today, for many soldiers, tactical glasses are not a luxury, but a necessity. But if the US Army is fully equipped with means of protecting individual parts of the body, then many Russian military personnel cannot even dream of wearing protective glasses. However, this is the only effective method of protection against dust, shot, fragments, and sometimes even .22LR bullets. Let's talk in more detail on this topic and look at the most popular and recognizable manufacturers.
General points
Lenses for shooting glasses are made of a special material - ballistic polycarbonate. As you may have guessed, it is highly durable and therefore resistant to mechanical damage. Typically, to improve eye protection, ballistic polycarbonate inserts are made on the sides and bottom, which prevents fragments from entering from the sides. In addition, modified versions are sometimes made to protect a larger area of the face. By the way, you may not know, but shooting or tactical glasses are very often called “NATO glasses”. Every year, experts try to expand the scope of application of these products, so today they are often used in everyday life.
Tactical glasses with diopters
Specialists from 5.11 Tactical were the first to develop a custom design for safety glasses. In fact, engineers have managed to expand the scope of application of such devices. The company's employees have fully preserved their strength characteristics and significantly improved the design and level of comfort. In principle, some tactical glasses cannot be distinguished from ordinary sunglasses. But they not only protect from ultraviolet radiation, you can go hunting, fishing, cycling or shooting in them. This will keep your eyes safe. You don't have to worry that if you fall, they will break and scratch or fall off you. The fact is that the fastenings on such glasses are very reliable, and they practically do not scratch or crack. It is also worth paying attention to the fact that almost all modern tactical glasses have diopters. This means that even if you have poor vision, it is not a problem. These glasses will replace your regular vision-correcting glasses. For example, if you have -2 vision, then you need “NATO glasses” of 2 diopters, etc.
About Oakley
The company, known as Oakley, is considered a leader in the tactical eyewear market. Back in 2007, management bought out the ESS organization, which since the early 2000s has been considered one of the largest in this field. As a result, Oakley began selling ESS brand safety glasses. Today they are supplied not only to the military, but also to firefighters and rescuers. But, besides this, such glasses are often purchased by hunters, fishermen and simply lovers of an active lifestyle. For example, in Ukraine, “NATO glasses” are officially in service with the SBU. Another area of application for such protective equipment is airsoft. Despite the fact that there is no talk about firearms, the speed of the ball is enough to damage the eye. Basically, Oakley is a time-tested tactical goggle. Most models protect not only from shrapnel, but also from bullets.
ESS ISE Review
This model of glasses was released back in 2001. However, even today it has not lost its popularity, although it has gone through a large number of modifications. All of them mostly concerned the temples, which they tried to make more practical, durable and comfortable. The ESS ISE includes a smoke, clear and yellow lens, as well as an elastic cover and a special wipe. In addition, instructions are included. You cannot ignore the level of protection that these glasses provide. It uses a 2.44 mm lens made of lightweight polycarbonate. Even without additional coatings, this solution allows you to completely protect the eye from exposure to ultraviolet radiation. We can say that ESS ISE tactical glasses are an excellent solution for those who want to protect their eyes, but do not have enough money to purchase more expensive models. Today the price for such “NATO glasses” is approximately 50-70 dollars.
About REVISION
This is one of the few manufacturers of tactical glasses whose products have been officially recommended for use during combat by the US Army. Today Revision Military is an international company that has been on the market for more than 13 years. In 2002, the first developments of the company were shown and demonstrated in action. They immediately attracted the attention of many. A year later, the company wins a tender to supply 80 thousand tactical glasses to the US Army. A little later he receives another tender, for 110,000 copies. As a result, Revision tactical glasses entered service in Germany, France and the United States. It is currently the main competitor of an organization called ESS. The first Revision Sawfly model released differed from the ESS ISE in that it had a larger protection area and practical temples.
Tactical anti-fragmentation glasses
Usually we're talking about about masks, as they provide better protection. If we talk about strength characteristics, then a lot depends on the thickness of the lens. However, in most cases it is not possible to provide protection from a direct bullet hit. Although some models can withstand a shot from a short distance of 12 gauge and .22LR. But protection from fast-flying fragments is a completely different matter. If a shot in the forehead or jaw does not lead to death, then such damage to the eyes can contribute to the fact that the soldier will be incapacitated. It makes sense to pay attention to models that have lenses made of 3-layer polycarbonate. The outer layer must be of increased strength and protected from scratches by a special coating. The inner layer must be protected from fogging. There are several methods used to solve the problem. In one case, a special coating is used, in the other - a special hole for forced ventilation.
What should lenses be like?
Of course, a lot depends on what material will be used to make the lenses. As noted above, ballistic polycarbonate is in high demand. Although it is worth noting that other, less durable material is often used. Such glasses can be considered a real fake. Firstly, they will not provide any protection from fragments, and secondly, if the lens breaks and gets into your eye, the consequences can be very sad. Based on this, we can say that there is no need to fall for cheap fakes. The most inexpensive options cannot cost less than 1,500 rubles. As a priority, you should not buy models cheaper than 2-3 thousand. Another important point is the configuration. Agree, it is very annoying if the lens breaks and there is nothing to replace it with. To prevent this situation from happening, always pay attention to what is included in the kit. Additional lenses must be included. Usually there is one set of transparent ones, one set of yellow and smoky ones. Total 6 lenses, or three sets. Do not forget that these must be tactical glasses with interchangeable lenses, otherwise they will be of no use.
Bolle products
This manufacturer comes from France. This cannot be said to be a highly specialized organization. However, it is one of the most famous optical manufacturers in the whole world. The company produces sunglasses, tactical glasses, ski glasses and other types of glasses. In addition, 120 years of experience makes itself felt, so the products are mostly of high quality, but the price matches. However, in the assortment you will not find models that protect the organs of vision from fast-flying fragments. For example, Bolle Axis will reliably protect your eyes from low-velocity fragments. The polycarbonate lens can withstand the impact of a metal ball with a diameter of 6 mm and a weight of 0.85 grams at a speed of 45 m/s. This is clearly not enough for use during combat, but more than enough for cycling, hunting, fishing, etc. In principle, Bolle Axis tactical glasses are relatively inexpensive and will cost about 1,500 rubles.
Safety glasses Daisy
The Daisy brand is known to every American who loves an active lifestyle. The most popular glasses from this manufacturer among cyclists, as they provide reliable eye protection from sand, dust and other small particles. For example, the “Daisy C5” model has an acetate frame and photochromic polycarbonate lenses. The interesting thing is that it comes with 4 sets of interchangeable lenses. This allows you to adapt to any lighting level. As for consumer reviews about this company, they are mostly positive. Buyers talk about the high quality of the product and its strength characteristics. Lenses rarely scratch and are extremely difficult to break. Daisy tactical glasses can be recommended to professional cyclist racers or hunters, for whom it is extremely important to see a clear, undistorted picture in front of them. The cost of such glasses varies, the C5 model will cost about 2-2.5 thousand rubles, and the C4, C3, C2, C1 are slightly cheaper .
ESS Influx protective mask
In 2015, ESS is going to release a new generation of safety glasses that will replace the acclaimed ESS Profile. This one has a number of significant differences from its predecessor. For example, passive ventilation, which is more efficient, is used here for the first time. In addition, the developers managed to achieve more full compatibility with various night view devices. It also became possible to conveniently adjust the glasses when wearing them. But a few words need to be said about ventilation. The AVS system is interesting because it is extremely simple, but at the same time extremely effective. A small switch on the top frame of the glasses allows you to switch the lens to the open or closed position. If you open it, the lens moves slightly away from the frame, which allows for increased airflow and eliminates fogging. If the switch is set to the “closed” position, the mask reliably protects the eyes from wind, dust and other particles.
Something else
A few words need to be said about ESS Eyewear. This is very expensive equipment worth 8,000 rubles. Nevertheless, the efficiency is simply amazing. There is a two-level ventilation system powered by two AA batteries for 150 hours of operation, and 2.6 mm thick lenses that protect against fast-flying fragments. In principle, these are very popular glasses among the military. Many people highlight the high-quality ventilation of Turbofan. Its essence lies in the fact that cold air enters through the lower hole, and warm air is discharged through the top. In easy mode, ventilation operates for about 150 hours. Of course, this pleasure is not cheap, so it hardly makes sense to buy these or cycling ones. But they will be very useful for airsoft fans.
Conclusion
Now you know tactical protective ones and what they are actually needed for. Today in many stores you can find such protective equipment, but not all of them are able to protect your eyes, remember this. There should always be instructions included that tell you what the lens is made of and what its strength is. Although it is extremely important that you see through these lenses as well as without them, that is, they should not interfere with you or distort the picture. But if for an ordinary person this point may not seem so significant, then for the military it is almost a key factor. In addition, the availability of replaceable lenses is extremely important. So, in bright weather, transparent glasses do not give any effect, but gray ones will create comfort for your eyes. Remember that tactical glasses should be as light as possible. Usually they do not weigh more than 100-200 grams. In principle, that's all on this topic.
Tomahawks are quickly gaining popularity. What was previously seen as tactical tool for the theater of operations, now used as a practical tool for hiking, hunting, “mattress” tourism, rescue work, fishing, and even at times for cooking.
Tomahawks well known to people familiar with military history. This beautiful weapon was used by Native Americans, pioneers, settlers, and the US Army, which began issuing tomahawks in 1812. They gained popularity again during Vietnam War, and then in Iraq and other military conflicts; However, many people interested in safety, practicality, style and confidence are now increasingly understanding what an incredible tool this very tomahawk is, and are inclined to purchase it.
As we (RMJ Tactical, article authors - approx. translation) We are pleased to see that our passion is shared by more and more enthusiasts, we understand that we have an obligation to help interested people. We don't want to take advantage of this trend by simply increasing sales of our products - we think about safety, reliability, and feasibility of use tomahawk. We love to put meaning into what we do; however, whether you choose our product or someone else's, first of all decide how it will be useful to you in your studies. You need to make sure that your needs will be met by the one you choose. tomahawk, and then you will not regret the purchase.
How to choose a tomahawk?
So, we've put together a short list to help you choose.
Use - what do you need it for?
Are you planning to use this tool for relaxing on weekends, or will it be useful to you in possible life-and-death situations? Is it for professional use, or for entertainment/personal use? Perhaps you will use it to open a locked car to save a child, or attach it to your shelf with curiosities?
This will help you understand what characteristics tomahawk should have, and what tasks it should meet.
Cost of breakdown
You get a less expensive product, but when you need it most... it fails. What will be the price of this failure? Will you have less firewood for your picnic, or will it cost you a few hours of your precious time? Could this cost a human life? This question will lead you to understand the required quality of tomahawk.
Strength
How reliable should your tomahawk be in the long term? Is it worth paying less for it now so as not to trust it in a year? Or is it better to invest in something that will suit your needs? for a long time? This understanding will help distinguish between an impulse purchase, caused by the fact that a tomahawk looks cool, and a conscious purchase, dictated by the desire to acquire significant thing which can be passed on to descendants.
Guarantee
What will you do with the broken one? tomahawk in hand, will the manufacturer show interest in this? Does the manufacturer take care of the product after sale? Can you rely on these people? This will help you understand where and from whom to buy.
Design - form, materials, and functionality
Does it imply narrow use or flexibility? Why and for what purpose was it chosen? Who is the intended user, what is the purpose of such a purchase? Do you plan to use tomahawk Is this design only for hiking? Or do you intend to take as much as possible with you in anticipation of unforeseen emergency situations?
Why was this particular form chosen? You may like appearance tomahawk, but perhaps the shape limits the possibilities of application. We must understand the product and its suitability for our purposes. The same is true for the materials used to make the instrument. Some materials are stronger than others. If you intend to wear tomahawk with you for as long as possible, then apparently you need a light one tomahawk with a cover that allows you to attach it to your equipment in different ways. The design should suit you personally.
It probably doesn’t happen that a cool guy goes hunting while driving a hipster smart car. It is clear. The car doesn't suit the driver's personality, style or preferences, especially in this situation. The same applies to yours tomahawk. As a piece of clothing that makes you feel comfortable, looks good, and shows others who you are, the tomahawk serves as an extension of your personality and your sense of adventure.
Weight and size - what is it like to wear?
The ax, sixty centimeters long and weighing one and a half kilograms, looks overwhelming. But is it a good idea to carry this thing up a mountain when your backpack is already full of gear? Perhaps in this case it would be better suited tactical tomahawk lighter and smaller, which is not so difficult to carry.
Do you need something lightweight and easy to handle? tool, or is a massive tomahawk better suited for your activities? What are your needs? How flexible should the tool be in use? Is it convenient to attach it to backpacks, belts, bags? You hardly want to buy a product that, instead of being a help, will become an awkward burden.
Also, is it easy to use? Will you be able to remove the case in a second, or will it take you a long time to disconnect? tool from his suspension? In most cases it makes sense to have tomahawk— is to be ready to act. It doesn't matter that you have the right one tool, if you cannot use it at the right time. This is a good method to dispel illusions.
What is the reputation of the manufacturer from whom you intend to buy a tomahawk? Is this his by-product, or his main one?
If tomahawks is a priority for the manufacturer, then you understand that there is competence behind them, and the products can most likely be trusted. Study reviews on the Internet, watch videos, look for different tomahawks and talk with owners of the model you are interested in. Purchase tomahawk- not a waste of money. This is an investment in yourself. Do it wisely. This tip will give you confidence when ordering.
We hope this list has provided some insight into the process of finding the right tomahawk for you.
Here are some videos about the use of such a tool: