The sun is the source of life on the planet. Its rays provide the necessary light and warmth. At the same time, ultraviolet radiation from the Sun is destructive to all living things. To find a compromise between the beneficial and harmful properties of the Sun, meteorologists calculate the ultraviolet radiation index, which characterizes the degree of its danger.

What kind of UV radiation from the sun is there?

Ultraviolet radiation from the Sun has a wide range and is divided into three regions, two of which reach the Earth.

• UVA. Long-wave radiation range
  315–400 nm

  The rays pass almost freely through all atmospheric “barriers” and reach the Earth.

• UV-B. Medium wave range radiation
  280–315 nm

  The rays are 90% absorbed by the ozone layer, carbon dioxide and water vapor.

• UV-C. Shortwave range radiation
  100–280 nm

  The most dangerous area. They are completely absorbed by stratospheric ozone without reaching the Earth.

The more ozone, clouds and aerosols in the atmosphere, the less the harmful effects of the Sun. However, these life-saving factors have a high natural variability. The annual maximum of stratospheric ozone occurs in spring, and the minimum in autumn. Cloudiness is one of the most variable characteristics of weather. The carbon dioxide content also changes all the time.

At what UV index values ​​is there a danger?

The UV index provides an estimate of the amount of UV radiation from the Sun at the Earth's surface. UV index values ​​range from a safe 0 to an extreme 11+.

• 0–2 Low
• 3–5 Moderate
• 6–7 High
• 8–10 Very high
• 11+ Extreme

In mid-latitudes, the UV index approaches unsafe values ​​(6–7) only when maximum height The sun is above the horizon (occurs in late June - early July). At the equator, the UV index reaches 9...11+ points throughout the year.

What are the benefits of the sun?

In small doses, UV radiation from the Sun is simply necessary. The sun's rays synthesize melanin, serotonin, and vitamin D, which are necessary for our health, and prevent rickets.

Melanin creates a kind of protective barrier for skin cells from the harmful effects of the Sun. Because of it, our skin darkens and becomes more elastic.

The hormone of happiness serotonin affects our well-being: it improves mood and increases overall vitality.

Vitamin D strengthens the immune system, stabilizes blood pressure and performs anti-rickets functions.

Why is the sun dangerous?

When sunbathing, it is important to understand that the line between the beneficial and harmful Sun is very thin. Excessive tanning always borders on a burn. Ultraviolet radiation damages DNA in skin cells.

The body's defense system cannot cope with such aggressive influence. It lowers immunity, damages the retina, causes skin aging and can lead to cancer.

Ultraviolet light destroys the DNA chain

How the Sun affects people

Sensitivity to UV radiation depends on skin type. People of the European race are the most sensitive to the Sun - for them, protection is required already at index 3, and 6 is considered dangerous.

At the same time, for Indonesians and African Americans this threshold is 6 and 8, respectively.

Who is most influenced by the Sun?

People with fair hair
skin tone

People with many moles

Residents of mid-latitudes during a holiday in the south

Winter lovers
fishing

Skiers and climbers

People having family history skin cancer

In what weather is the sun more dangerous?

It is a common misconception that the sun is dangerous only in hot and clear weather. You can also get sunburned in cool, cloudy weather.

Cloudiness, no matter how dense it may be, does not reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation to zero. In mid-latitudes, cloudiness significantly reduces the risk of getting sunburned, which cannot be said about traditional places beach holiday. For example, in the tropics, if in sunny weather you can get sunburned in 30 minutes, then in cloudy weather - in a couple of hours.

How to protect yourself from the sun

To protect yourself from harmful rays, follow simple rules:

Spend less time in the sun during midday hours

Wear light-colored clothing, including wide-brimmed hats

Use protective creams

Wear sunglasses

Stay in the shade more on the beach

Which sunscreen to choose

Sunscreens vary in their degree of sun protection and are labeled from 2 to 50+. The numbers indicate the proportion of solar radiation that overcomes the protection of the cream and reaches the skin.

For example, when applying a cream labeled 15, only 1/15 (or 7 %) of the ultraviolet rays will penetrate the protective film. In the case of cream 50, only 1/50, or 2 %, affects the skin.

Sunscreen creates a reflective layer on the body. However, it is important to understand that no cream can reflect 100% of ultraviolet radiation.

For everyday use, when the time spent under the Sun does not exceed half an hour, a cream with protection 15 is quite suitable. For tanning on the beach, it is better to take 30 or higher. However, for fair-skinned people it is recommended to use a cream labeled 50+.

How to Apply Sunscreen

The cream should be applied evenly to all exposed skin, including the face, ears and neck. If you plan to sunbathe for a long time, then the cream should be applied twice: 30 minutes before going out and, additionally, before going to the beach.

Please check the cream instructions for the required volume for application.

How to Apply Sunscreen When Swimming

Sunscreen should be applied every time after swimming. Water washes off the protective film and, reflecting Sun rays, increases the dose of ultraviolet radiation received. Thus, when swimming, the risk of sunburn increases. However, due to the cooling effect, you may not feel the burn.

Excessive sweating and wiping with a towel are also reasons to re-protect the skin.

It should be remembered that on the beach, even under an umbrella, the shade does not provide complete protection. Sand, water and even grass reflect up to 20% of ultraviolet rays, increasing their impact on the skin.

How to protect your eyes

Sunlight reflected from water, snow or sand can cause painful burns to the retina. To protect your eyes, wear sunglasses with a UV filter.

Danger for skiers and climbers

In the mountains, the atmospheric “filter” is thinner. For every 100 meters of height, the UV index increases by 5 %.

Snow reflects up to 85 % of ultraviolet rays. In addition, up to 80 % of the ultraviolet reflected by the snow cover is reflected again by clouds.

Thus, in the mountains the Sun is most dangerous. It is necessary to protect your face, lower chin and ears even in cloudy weather.

How to deal with sunburn if you get sunburned

Use a damp sponge to moisten the burn.

Apply anti-burn cream to the burned areas

If your temperature rises, consult your doctor; you may be advised to take an antipyretic

If the burn is severe (the skin swells and blisters greatly), seek medical attention

The water temperature in Pula this afternoon will be 12 degrees. In general, this water temperature is not suitable for swimming. But seasoned people can afford to stay in such water for 5-10 minutes. In any case, the general weather is also important. So, the air temperature at the same time will reach 10 degrees. Rain is forecast. Strong winds are expected.

The water temperature in Pula today is slightly higher than the average for this day in last years. Its meaning has grown over the past week, but fell compared to 15 days ago. Exactly a year ago on this day the water temperature here was 10 degrees. The water temperature range in Pula in March is from 8.0 to 13.0 degrees.

Annual change schedule average temperature water in Pula:

According to our forecast, the water temperature in Pula will grow slowly for at least the next 10 days and will reach 13 degrees.

Actual sea water temperatures close to the shore at Pula may vary by several degrees. This is noticeable after heavy rain or after long periods strong winds. Some low winds cause cold deep water to replace surface water that has been heated by the sun.

To develop the forecast, we use our own mathematical model, which takes into account current changes in water temperature, historical data and main weather trends, wind strength and direction, air temperature in each specific region. We also take into account data for other resorts in Croatia.

In the high season, the air warms up to +26.3°C, and the sea +23.8°C. Low - air +8.6°C, water +12.1°C, precipitation 90.9 mm, 8 rainy days, 12 in total sunny days. This is a popular city to travel to in Croatia. The weather in Pula by month, in winter and summer, is presented in the graph below. Beach season here lasts at least 4 months.

The best months to travel

In August, July, June - best time for relax. The price is good warm weather from +26.0°C to +26.5°C. At this time of year there is little rain, no more than 2 days a month, and between 44.8 and 51.5 mm of precipitation falls. Also in Pula there is a warm sea with water temperatures from +22.1°C to +25.0°C and swimming is a pleasure. There are maximum sunny days for the whole year - from 26 to 30 days. The monthly climate and temperature in Pula are calculated based on recent years.



Air temperature in Pula by month

The difference in daily air temperature throughout the year is 17.9°C, but due to the presence of the sea, the weather in Pula and the monthly climate in Croatia are quite mild. The coldest month is December, when the air warms up to +8.6°C, and the warmest month is August with +26.5°C.

Water temperature in Pula

The beach season here lasts 4 months: June, September, July, August. The sea temperature at this time of year ranges from +22.1°C to +25°C, making for a pleasant swim. Worst weather in Pula and the water temperature was recorded in February +11.9°C.

Number of rainy days and precipitation

A bad month for travel is November, it rains on average 8 days. The maximum monthly precipitation is 115.9 mm.



Rest comfort rating

Climate summary

	Month	Temperature air during the day	Temperature water	Sunny days	Rainy days (precipitation)
	January	+10.5°C	+12.1°C	12	4 days (75.5mm)
	February	+11.8°C	+11.9°C	11	4 days (67.2mm)
	March	+15.2°C	+12.4°C	20	5 days (60.9mm)
	April	+18.2°C	+14.4°C	17	2 days (38.5mm)
	May	+20.5°C	+18°C	21	4 days (44.3mm)
	June	+26.5°C	+22.1°C	26	2 days (51.5mm)
	July	+26°C	+24.3°C	30	2 days (46.9mm)
	August	+26.5°C	+25°C	30	2 days (44.8mm)
	September	+23°C	+22.2°C	21	5 days (87.9mm)
	October	+18.8°C	+20°C	20	7 days (115.9mm)
	November	+15.2°C	+17.2°C	17	8 days (90.9mm)
	December	+8.6°C	+14.4°C	14	4 days (50.7mm)

Number of sunny days

Beautiful sunny weather will delight tourists in August - as many as 30 sunny days per month. Great time to relax in Pula.

Wind speed

The wind reaches its maximum strength in February up to 5.5 m/s with gusts up to 7.9 m/s.