1933, Moscow. Twenty-year-old medical school graduate Vera Feldman meets 26-year-old Hovhannes Gasparyan, an electrochemical engineer, an employee of the technical department of the OGPU, performing responsible work: designing a plant for the production of the rare earth metal beryllium, which is extremely necessary for the growing aviation industry of the country. We know what happened next from her unpublished memoirs, stored in the library of the Sakharov Center. “Slightly above average height, with irregular facial features, but with expressive “oriental” eyes - this is how she remembered her future husband. - He wore a military uniform with crimson buttonholes that were terrifying at that time. I was very impressed by all this, I was passionate about it...” Soon they got married and a daughter was born.
“Being a non-party member, Onik was a very “pro-Soviet” person, irreconcilable with all kinds of critical statements about the government and our political system, to the point that he forbade me to be friends with some of my friends, who seemed to him “ideologically unrestrained” and frivolous,” - the wife’s memories depict a personality typical of her time. Despite the uniform with “frightening” crimson (or rather maroon) buttonholes, Hovhannes Gasparyan was a purely civilian man, one of the young, educated, inspired enthusiasts who raised the industry of the USSR and forged the military power of the country. Like many young professionals like him, he is quickly moving up the career ladder. First, he manages the construction of the enterprise he designed (Experimental Metallurgical Plant of Category “A”, now the Moscow Polymetal Plant), then, together with a group of talented chemists, engineers and metallurgists, he sets up production. In 1934, the plant produced the first batch of beryllium salts, and in 1935, metallic antimony was produced for the first time in the Soviet Union. By the age of thirty, Hovhannes Gasparyan was already the chief engineer of the Moselement plant of the Main Directorate of the Battery Industry of the People's Commissariat of Defense Industry of the USSR. The defense plant produces batteries for communications equipment.
In the summer of 1937, he fell ill with typhoid fever. Relatives are not allowed into the infectious diseases department of the Botkin Hospital, and his wife only manages once, looking through the window of the ward, to see his face from afar. Noticing her behind the glass, Hovhannes smiled... This was the last time Vera Gasparyan saw her husband.
“A few days later, returning from the hospital (he was still there), I discovered that the door to the room was sealed and, still suspecting nothing, I went to my parents. The next day (August 21, 1937), my mother and I went to the hospital, but Onik was no longer there. A car with two employees of this sinister department was waiting for us there, and they took us to search first the house and then the dacha,” she recalls. Terrible days dragged on for Vera. After her husband’s arrest, she was expelled from the Komsomol (for the fact that “having lived with her husband for four and a half years, she could not recognize him as an enemy of the people”) and was fired from her job. Friends and even some relatives turned away from her as if she were a leper. Every night, expecting her own arrest, she kept a collected “alarm” suitcase at her bedside. But most of all she was worried about the fate of Hovhannes.
“I didn’t have any information about him, and the fact that they accepted 50 rubles for him every month in Butyrki indicated that he was still there. Five months later, no money was taken from me (“not credited”), which indicated that the investigation was over. At the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court, the prosecutor announced to me that my husband had been sentenced “to 10 years in distant camps without the right of correspondence” under Article 58 of the Criminal Code, and then, looking at me (I was 25 years old at the time), he advised me to get married.”
This was at the end of January 1938. The conversation with the prosecutor put Vera Gasparyan on guard, but at the same time gave her hope. If the husband is alive, then he will return! And she will wait for years for some, at least random, news from the “distant camps.”
There will be no news.
The prosecutor told a lie to the gullible young woman. At that moment, her husband was no longer in the world, and she was already a widow. Hovhannes Ervandovich Gasparyan was sentenced to capital punishment by the Military Collegium on January 25, 1938 and executed on the same day at the Kommunarka training ground near Moscow. His body was buried in a common grave. He was just under a month shy of his 31st birthday.
“Gasparyan was a member of the anti-Soviet Trotskyist terrorist and sabotage organization that existed in the Main Directorate of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry. On instructions from the leaders of this organization, Gasparyan sabotagely built a workshop at the pilot plant “A”, disrupted the construction of an electrolytic antimony workshop and deliberately hindered the introduction of new rare metals necessary for the needs of the industry of the USSR,” the verdict said.
For the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR it was an ordinary working day. Tuesday. On this day, a panel consisting of military lawyer Ivan Golyakov (in a few months he would take the post of chairman of the Supreme Court of the USSR), brigade lawyer Ivan Zaryanov (later acting head of the Military Law Academy of the Red Army) and military lawyer 1st rank Dmitry Kandybin considered the cases of twenty people . This is not so much; there have been days of much more intense work in the practice of the Military Collegium. “Summary procedure” has nothing to do with justice; The task of the Military Collegium is only to legally formalize decisions made by the NKVD, approved by members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and communicated to the judges in the form of the so-called “Stalinist lists.” On January 25, they considered mainly cases from the list dated January 3, with the signing of which Zhdanov, Molotov, Kaganovich and Voroshilov began the New Year of 1938.
The procedure is standard: the announcement of the indictment is followed by a ritual question to the defendant - will he plead guilty? Lawyers are not involved in the trial, witnesses are not called, but some defendants at this moment still try to defend themselves - they declare their innocence, and refuse testimony previously given under torture. The court secretary conscientiously enters their words into the protocol, knowing that they cannot influence the outcome of the case in any way. Then follows the reading of any “incriminating” testimony from the case materials, the final word of the defendant, and the court “retires to deliberate” to announce the finished verdict in a few minutes.
The entire “legal proceedings” take about twenty minutes.
There are two sentencing options - capital punishment (execution) or 10-15 years in forced labor camps. What punishment will be given to which of the defendants is predetermined by the same “Stalinist lists”, in which persons subject to trial by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR are pre-divided into two categories.
The standard wording at the end of the sentence is: “The sentence shall be carried out immediately.” The date of execution coincides with the date of the trial, the burial place of all defendants, united by the day of trial and death, is common - Kommunarka.
Lies told to relatives are also common.
On that day, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR sentenced very different people to death. In addition to the chemical engineer Hovhannes Gasparyan Among them there are many engineering and technical workers and managers, including those associated with work at related enterprises in the same industry:
- Deputy Chief Engineer of the Orekhovo-Zuevsky Peat Trust Konstantin Butner(a native of Czechoslovakia, brought to Soviet Russia by the turbulent events of the first third of the twentieth century);
- manager of the Vostokugol trust, resident of the city of Cheremkhovo, Irkutsk region Ivan Vlasov
- Head of the Local Industry Department of the USSR State Planning Committee Nikolay Gavrilov;
- Head of the Main Directorate of Logging and Rafting of the Eastern Regions (Glavvostlesa) of the People's Commissariat of the Forestry Industry of the USSR Mark Greenstein;
- Moscow history student Hermogenes Orlov;
- Chief Engineer of the Shatura Peat Trust Alexey Promtov;
- manager of the same Shatura peat trust Savva Rog;
- Deputy Head of the Agricultural Department of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks Abram Tanhilevich;
- mechanic of the Moscow plant No. 217 of the People's Commissariat of Defense Industry of the USSR (optical-mechanical plant "Geophysics"), which produced aircraft sights, a native of Bulgaria Pavel Tsvetkov;
- Chief Power Engineer of the Main Directorate of the Metallurgical Industry of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry of the USSR Joseph Ciszewski;
- Deputy Head of Glavlesoexport of the People's Commissariat of the Forestry Industry of the USSR Mikhail Khlystov;
- manager of the Moscow trust "Gossantekhmontazh" of the People's Commissariat of Public Utilities of the RSFSR Martyn Yurov.
The following were sentenced along with them on the same day:
- Leontine Kopp, mother of two small daughters, widow of the prominent Soviet diplomat Victor Kopp, an associate of Trotsky, who died of natural causes in 1930;
- eccentric and brilliant linguist, founder of modern sociolinguistics and historical phonology, professor at the Institute of Kyrgyz Language and Writing (Frunze), orientalist and possibly intelligence officer Evgeniy Polivanov;
- first chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Tajik SSR, at the time of arrest, student at the Institute of Red Professors Abdurakhim Khodzhibaev;
- executive secretary of the Moscow daily news newspaper, a native of Poland, former member of the Communist Parties of the USA and Romania Yakov Schwartzshtein. Orphaned after the arrest of his father and then his mother, 10-year-old son William was placed in the May Day orphanage in Rybinsk, in a special group for children of repressed “enemies of the people”;
- employee of the Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army, organizer of the Soviet residency and scientific and technical intelligence in Germany, China and a number of other countries Abram Ehrenlieb(Bronislav Yanovsky);
- two “Turkish citizens”, Ibrahim Khalil Lik-Ogly(Chairman of the board of the fishing artel in Zaraysk) and Haydar Ibrahim Osman-Ogly(chairman of the Moscow industrial-cooperative artel “Turkish food worker”), connected by a common “spy” business.
Nineteen out of twenty people were shot that same day, only the execution of Abram Tankhilevich was postponed until March 22, 1938. Considering that he, as an employee of the Central Committee of the party, was accused of participating in an “anti-Soviet right-wing Trotskyist terrorist organization”, which aimed at “the violent elimination of the current leadership of the party and government,” including Stalin, Molotov and Yezhov, “organs” probably sought to obtain some additional testimony from him.
Twenty-year-old Hermogenes Orlov, on the contrary, seemed to have to avoid death - in the list signed by Stalin dated November 22, 1937, his name is marked “second category.” Following this instruction, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court should have sentenced him to a long term of imprisonment, but Something went wrong, as usual. Orlov’s case did not immediately go to court; as one can assume, this was due to the ongoing investigation of the former leaders of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, in which Orlov was also involved. It is not known what circumstances, whose testimony ultimately decided the fate of the young man.
During the war, Vera Gasparyan, having lost hope of the return of Hovhannes, remarried. But she did not forget her first husband and in 1954, together with her daughter Maya, petitioned for a review of his case. And on October 29, 1955, the new composition of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR again considered the case of Hovhannes Gasparyan and issued a ruling: “The verdict, due to newly discovered circumstances, is canceled, and the case is terminated for lack of corpus delicti.”
Here they are - “newly discovered circumstances”: “As can be seen from the case materials, Gasparyan’s accusation is based on his personal testimony, as well as on the testimony of the arrested Nekrasov and Krasnopolsky. Nekrasov and Krasnopolsky were not questioned at the trial, and their testimony, which contained significant contradictions, remained unverified. (...) Nekrasov’s testimony cannot serve as evidence of Gasparyan’s guilt, since it is not confirmed by other objective data. (...) Krasnopolsky did not show any specific facts of sabotage on the part of Gasparyan. ... Former employees of factories “A” and “B” interrogated during the inspection process (...) showed that Gasparyan was a highly qualified engineer, was devoted to the party and the Soviet government and devoted all his strength and knowledge to improving production at these factories. They were not aware of any acts of sabotage at these factories, and none of them suspected Gasparyan of sabotage.”
Hovhannes Gasparyan was posthumously rehabilitated. And the remaining nineteen people, convicted on the same day as him, were also rehabilitated posthumously - each in his turn.
And a few months before Gasparyan’s rehabilitation - in June 1955 - Ivan Zaryanov was stripped of the rank of Major General of Justice and expelled from the party “for allowing and grossly violating socialist legality while working on the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.” There were many dozens of days like January 25, 1938 in his judicial practice. From October 1, 1936 to September 30, 1938, judges of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, working tirelessly in Moscow and on business trips, sentenced 30,514 people to death and 5,643 to imprisonment.
From 1935 to 1950, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR was located on Nikolskaya, then called 25 October Street, in an old three-story building at number 23. The building has been preserved, Muscovites call it the Execution House, persistently suspecting that not only the innocent were tried there judgment was swift and unjust, but the sentences were carried out. The idea of creating a museum of political repression and a memorial to its victims in this house has been repeatedly voiced by human rights activists and supported by many public figures. On August 21, 2013, the acting mayor of Moscow, Sergei Sobyanin, walking along Nikolskaya, proposed opening a cafe and hotel in the Execution House.
In the USSR there was a body that conducted judicial proceedings in cases concerning the security of the Soviet state and society. This was the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR (VKVS). This organ still exists in a slightly different format.
A body that considered cases of exceptional importance regarding the highest command of the army and navy (corps commander and above), as well as those accused of treason and counter-revolutionary activities. She also supervised the work of military tribunals.
It was the highest judicial body in the USSR, from October 1, 1936 to September 30, 1938, it sentenced 38,955 people to death and 5,643 people to prison in 60 cities of the country
Today it is customary to evaluate the work of the All-Russian Military Commission in a negative light, but all statements that all those sentenced were allegedly repressed were unreasonably based on nothing.
At the same time, it cannot be denied that a certain number of those sentenced were convicted unfoundedly - but not through the fault of the HCVC, but through the fault of an unscrupulous investigation. The VKVS team simply did not have time to familiarize themselves in detail with each case.
But at its core, the military board made fair sentences
………….
By mid-June 1937, the first investigative cases against major military and security officers were close to completion.
On June 11, 1937, a military tribunal convicted and sentenced a number of high-ranking military personnel to capital punishment. For treason and attempted military coup.
Then the cases of the security officers were completed; the following is worth noting:
- Security officers and military personnel were arrested and convicted in the “Klubok” case (Peterson-Enukidze group)
- Security officers who were members of Genrikh Yagoda's group were convicted
On the night of JUNE 20, 1937, the first executions took place. This category of convicts was designated in NKVD documents for members of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in the form of a separate “List of Persons.” After affixing visas for the use of the 1st category - execution - the defendants after the consideration of the case were found guilty, but they were not immediately informed about the final verdict
These are, in effect, high-ranking employees of the NKVD of the USSR and persons associated with the GB bodies in the past, employees of various organizations patronized by the NKVD of the USSR, and their relatives.
For the purpose of special secrecy, the chairman of the All-Russian Military Commission of the USSR, Ulrich, wrote orders for execution by hand. The corpses were cremated and buried in the “grave of unclaimed ashes” No. 1 of the Don Crematorium
…………………………
Why was this form introduced?
In fact, this form of execution was introduced at the suggestion of Yezhov. Only for convicted former NKVD employees.
The fact is that the accused were promised that their lives would be spared. Anti-Stalinists describe the case as if they were promised life in exchange for admitting guilt. But was this really the case?
There are no facts in favor of the fact that the accused were offered such a deal by the Soviet authorities; moreover, many of the accused did not confess or refused to confess to most of the charges.
So what was the matter?
In fact, the accused were actually promised life, but not by the Soviet government, but by the “right”. Already the former security officers who were in prison knew that the new leadership of the NKVD were themselves involved in the work of the “right” and espionage.
In exchange for silence, preservation of life after the announcement of a guilty verdict. And they remained silent, not telling anyone what they knew.
Nikolai Yezhov first introduced a “special” form of execution of civil servants only for former NKVD employees
In fact, this was how he insured himself - after all, the convicted former security officers knew that the current security officers were also “right-wing” and spies
Yezhov promised them life if they did not hand over their comrades in a “just” cause, and they remained silent and waited for their comrades to save them
But the “right” decided to send them to the next world, so quickly that they would not have time to tell anyone anything
……………………….
House 23 on Nikolskaya Street was built in the 17th century. Then it was owned by Prince Ivan Khovansky. In the 18th century Kolchugin's bookstore, famous in Moscow, opened here in the 19th century. Belinsky, Koltsov, Aksakov, Turgenev came to Stankevich’s philosophical circle...
In the 20th century The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, one of the main purveyors of the policy of terror, moved into the house on Nikolskaya, 23. She was in charge of all stages, from investigation to execution. Investigations into cases of terrorist organizations and terrorist acts were conducted in an expedited manner.
Particularly dangerous criminals were tried and sentenced here
The body was headed by Vasily Ulrich. He was its chairman.The Deputy Chairmen of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR wereMatulevich I. O. (court lawyer) And Nikitchenko I. T. (military lawyer).
Who was Vasily Ulrich?
Born in Riga. He was baptized into Orthodoxy. His father, the Latvian revolutionary V.D. Ulrich, came from Baltic Germans, and his mother came from a Russian noble family (source?). Due to his father's open participation in revolutionary activities, the entire family spent 5 years in exile in Ilimsk, Irkutsk province.
He graduated from a real school in Riga (1909). Received higher education at the commercial department of the Riga Polytechnic Institute (1914)
House in Riga, where Vasily Ulrich spent his youth
In 1908 he joined the revolutionary movement. In 1910 he joined the RSDLP, a Bolshevik. In 1914-1915 he worked as a clerk at the Rigo-Oryol Railway. In 1915 he was drafted into the army. At first he served in a sapper battalion as a clerk, then he graduated from the school for warrant officers. In 1917 he was promoted to second lieutenant. However, information about his promotion to officer is very contradictory. There is evidence that in September 1916 Ulrich was acting. Assistant Controller of the Nikolaev Railway Control
Since 1918 he worked in the NKVD and the Cheka, head. financial department (at that time the Cheka and the NKVD had a single financial body). Together with Ya. S. Agranov in 1919 he participated in the development of provocateur operations. Since 1919, commissar of the headquarters of the internal security forces. Later appointed head of the Special Department of the Naval Forces of the Black and Azov Seas, deputy head of the Counterintelligence Department (KRO) of the Secret Operations Directorate (SOU) of the GPU/OGPU A. Kh. Artuzov
This information is also controversial. Since 1920 - Deputy Chairman of the Military Tribunal of the VOKhR troops.
Vasily Vasilievich Ulrich
Deputy Chairman of the VKVS, military lawyer Ion Nikitchenko, 1945
Deputy Chairman of the VKV, court lawyer Ivan Matulevich
His personality is passionately demonized. But the dead cannot answer. Nowadays a large number of hunters have appeared to condemn everything, without bothering themselves with evidence. Ulrich himself is subjected to especially vehement condemnation.
After the defeat of socialism, the personality of V.V. Ulrich arouses unprecedented hatred from anti-Sovietists of all stripes. The quote is right: “Then he was exemplary and impeccable, now he can only be a fiend of hell, blacker than the night.”.
The personality of V.V. Ulrikh is showered with unfounded cliches: “Vasily Ulrich is a symbol of Soviet lawlessness,” “a judge’s scum in a general’s uniform,” “Torquemada,” “a sycophant clerk,” “a toad in a uniform.” Especially tasty for enemies of the people is the comparison with Roland Freisler, the chairman of the “Judicial” Chamber of Nazi Germany. How ironic this is - after all, V.V. Ulrich himself condemned many real fascists
He not only judged, but was not afraid to carry out his own sentences. Ulrich had many enemies in the Stalinist USSR. One of them was Lavrentiy Beria, who, having headed the NKVD, disliked Ulrich
Lavrentiy Beria sought to remove Ulrich, sent denunciations to Stalin against the chairman of the All-Russian Military Council
Here is this typical denunciation:
“To the Secretary of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks, Comrade. Sgalina
№ 265/6
Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR ULRICH V.V. For several years he has been cohabiting with LITKENS Galina Aleksandrovna, who is an informant for the Industrial Department of the NKVD.
According to the latter, ULRICH systematically blurts out various information to her about the work of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court and the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs.
LYTKENS is aware of the closed court hearings of the Military Collegium, the behavior of the defendants at these trials, the sentences passed, and how some convicts behave during the execution of their sentences.
ULRICH, in particular, told her how TUKHACHEVSKY, REINHOLTZ, BERZIN, MRACCHKOVSKY, BUKHARIN and other convicts behaved when the sentence was imposed on them.
“During the execution, TUKHACHEVSKY said: “Well, shoot, just not in the back of the head, but in the forehead,” and they really shot in the forehead.”
Mikhail Tukhachevsky asked to be shot in the forehead and the firing squad complied with his request
“Of the group in which REINHOLTZ participated, he was the last to be shot. When he was led into a room where corpses were already piled up, he gasped and stepped back. He was immediately shot.
“Lytkens reported the following to the NKVD about how BERZIN was shot:
“One day ULRICH came to me with blood on his overcoat. I asked whose blood this was. He replied:
“Old man.” “Starim” was called BERZIN - Head of the 4th Directorate of the People's Commissariat of Defense ”.
“ULRICH told me that BERZIN’s last words were:
“I’ve done so much shit that I have no mercy. Let an honest hand shoot at me.”
And ULRICH shot him with his own hands .
According to him, he killed him with the first shot ”.
Yan Berzin, even on his deathbed, did not refuse to admit his guilt
He only wanted to be shot by an honest man and then Ulrich granted his request, personally executing the sentence
“ULRICH talked about enemies exposed among the leadership of the NKVD.
ULRICH takes the changes in the leadership of the NKVD hard and on this basis expresses sweeping distrust of the NKVD apparatus.
In connection with the latest decision of the Party and the Government on the issue of conducting the investigation, ULRICH told LYTKENS that he did not understand how it was possible, “without stomping your feet and raising your fists, to talk to the arrested.”
ULRICH shows his frankness towards LITKENS, despite the fact that relations between them at times become very tense, and in these cases ULRICH calls her a spy, “international prostitute”, etc.
However, their connection continues.
People's Commissar of Internal Affairs of the USSR
(Beria)
Beria sought to drown Ulrich, but Stalin showed wisdom and did not touch the judge.
Ulrich administered justice to all enemies of Soviet power and society
Vasily Ulrich at work of the Military Collegium
Vasily Blokhin directly supervised the process of execution of convicted criminals
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The first executions of former security officers took place on June 20 - on this day Lurie, Ostrovsky, Stanislavsky, Gai and a group of former employees of the center’s Special Department lost their lives.
(Handwritten by V.V. Ulrich on the letterhead of the USSR All-Russian Military Commission)
« MILITARY COLLEGE
SUPREME COURT
USSR UNION
19/6 1937
Moscow, st. 25 October, no. 23
To the Commandant of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Union of S.S.R. T.Ignatiev
I propose to immediately carry out the execution sentences of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR regarding:
1) Mikhail Lazarevich Boguslavsky
2) Bukshtein Iosif Lazarevich
3) Bulygin Nikolai Mitrofanovich
4) Bykhovsky Sergei Matveevich
5) Guy Mark Isaevich
6) Goldfarb Yan Vladimirovich
7) Gratz Nikolai Nikolaevich
8) Lavrentiy Nikiforovich Ivanov
9) Ivanov Lev Alexandrovich
10) Ivanov-Maltsev Alexander Alexandrovich
11) Ilk Bertold Karlovich
12) Mikhail Petrovich Korotkov
13) Lapin Vasily Konstantinovich
14) Lurie Alexander Yakovlevich
15) Puzitsky Sergei Vasilievich
16) Stanislavsky Max Oskarovich
17) Tkachev Mikhail Lvovich
A total of seventeen people were convicted.
Chairman of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the Union of S.S.R.
Arm.Military.Lawyer
V. ULRICH"
On June 20, 1937, the former chief special officer of the USSR, gambler, thief and syphilitic Mark Guy set off on his last journey
To save his own skin, he even abandoned his family, but it was for him that the shooting came as a complete surprise
Bertold Ilk, a faithful comrade-in-arms of Yagoda and Guy, ingloriously ended his life on June 20
From that moment on, the “liquidations” continued according to the established pattern: the security officers were not informed about the end of the investigation and the verdict; -Chekists were destroyed in the so-called special order
July 1, 1937, Moscow - execution of 45 convicts by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR. Among them stands out a whole group of Red Army commanders, arrested under the so-called. "the case of a military-fascist conspiracy in the Red Army", the main defendants of which were shot on the night of June 12, 1937. There were 4 years left before the disaster of the summer of 1941....
SHOOTED JULY 1, 1937:
Quartermaster 1st Rank AVERIN S.A. (Artillery Directorate of the Red Army);
Quartermaster 1st Rank BABANSKY N.E. (military warehouse of artillery weapons No. 29);
division commander BAKSHI M.M., commander of the 7th reserve mechanized tank brigade (UrVO));
quartermaster 2nd rank BESSONOV N.M. (Artillery Directorate of the Red Army);
Corporal Commander VASILENKO M.I., Deputy Commander of the Ural Military District;
Colonel VETLIN G.A. (Department of Military Geography of the M.V. Frunze Military Academy);
brigade commander GAVRYUSHENKO G.F. (65th Rifle Division of the Urals Military District);
corps commander GARKAVIY I.I., commander of the troops of the Ural Military District;
Corporal Commander GEKKER A.I. (Intelligence Directorate of the Red Army);
brigade commander DROZDOV A.K. (Artillery Directorate of the Red Army);
Quartermaster 1st Rank KAZAKOV S.A. (artillery warehouse No. 22);
Colonel KASATKIN M.P. (assistant commandant of the North-Western fortified region of the Black Sea Fleet (artillery);
Major KRASILNIKOV N.M.;
development engineer POTAPOV G.Kh. (Assistant to the Head of the Military Engineering Academy of the Red Army for scientific and educational work);
military engineer 1st rank PRUSSAKOV M.D. (Administration of the Naval Forces of the Red Army);
Reshetnikov F.P. (Artillery Directorate of the Red Army);
military engineer 1st rank ROSENTHAL Y.E. (Administration of the Naval Forces of the Red Army);
brigade commander ROZYNKO A.F., deputy head of the Artillery Directorate of the Red Army;
Divisional Commander SAVITSKY S.M., Chief of Staff of the Transcaucasian Military District;
brigade commander SEREDIN V.P. (small arms department of the Artillery Directorate of the Red Army);
Major SOKOLOV E.A. (artillery division of the Moscow Military School named after the All-Russian Central Executive Committee);
Corporal Commander TUROVSKY S.A., Deputy Commander of the Kharkov Military District
SUPREME COURT
USSR UNION
July 1, 1937
Moscow, 25 Oktyabrya str., no.2
I order that the sentences of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR dated July 1, 1937 be carried out in relation to the following persons sentenced to HIGH CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT - EXECUTION:
1. AVERINA Sergei Alekseevich born in 1891
2. ALYOSHIN Nikolai Filippovich born in 1903
3.BABANSKY Nikita Emmanuilovich born in 1893
4. BAKSHI Mikhail Markovich born in 1898
5.BESSONOV Nikolai Mikhailovich born in 1892
6. VASILENKO Matvey Ivanovich born in 1888
7. VETLINA Grigory Alexandrovich born in 1898
8. GAVRYUSHENKO Grigory Fedorovich born in 1895
9. Ilya Ivanovich GARKAVOY, born in 1888.
10. GECKER Anatoly Ilyich born in 1888
11. GENERALOV Sergei Romanovich born 1900
12. DYOMIN Peter Yakovlevich born 1899
13. DIKOV Nikolai Prokofievich born 1900
14. DROZDOV Alexander Konstantinovich born 1898
15.IDAMKIN Nikolai Efremovich born in 1898
16. KAZAKOVA Semyon Andrianovich born in 1891
17.KASATKIN Manuil Pavlovich born in 1890
18. KLUSHANTSEV Vasily Petrovich born in 1888
19.KRASILNIKOV Nikolai Mikhailovich born in 1899
20. LEPLINSKY Mikhail Stepanovich born in 1886
21. MALIKOVA Alexander Petrovich born in 1882
22. FAILURE Grigory Innokentyevich born 1888
23.NOVITSKY Alexander Petrovich born in 1903
24. POPKOV Ivan Andreevich born in 1896
25. POTAPOV Georgy Khrisanfovich born 1893
26. PRUSSAKOV Mikhail Dmitrievich born 1900
27. RAKIMOV Gabriel Kharitonovich born 1895
28. RESHETNIKOV Fyodor Petrovich born in 1897
29. ROSENTHAL Yakov Efimovich born 1898
30. ROZIT Dav Petrovich born 1895
31. ROZYNKO Anatoly Frantsevich born in 1890
32.SAVITSKY Sergei Mikhailovich born in 1897
33. MIDDLE Vasily Petrovich born in 1891
34. SOKOLOV Evgeniy Alexandrovich born 1900
35. STROGANOV Fyodor Filippovich born in 1883
36. TEREKHOV Nikolai Andreevich born in 1904
37. TUROVSKY Semyon Abramovich born in 1895
38. ULYAKHIN Andrey Nazarovich born in 1888
39.UTKIN Alexander Vasilyevich born in 1894
40. CHINNOV Nikolai Ivanovich born in 1891
41. CHUMAKOV Peter Ivanovich born 1896
42. SHOSTAK Mikhail Lvovich born in 1892
43.SHCHERBAKOV Nikolai Alekseevich born in 1893
44.YURCHENKO Valentin Trofimovich born in 1899
45. YANBORISOV Abubakir Faskhutdinovich born in 1895
TOTAL FORTY-FIVE PEOPLE.
CHAIRMAN OF THE MILITARY COLLEGE
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNION SSR
ARMED MILITARY JURIST V. ULRICH"
Komkor Matvey Vasilenko was preparing an uprising against Soviet power in the Urals
Komkor Ilya Garkavyi, leader of the anti-Soviet military conspiracy in the Ukral Military District
Komkor Anatoly Gekker, ruined the work of reconnaissance groups and misinformed the leadership of the USSR
Semyon Turovsky was deputy commander. HVO, was supposed to command a military mutiny
JULY 2, 1937, execution of a group of convicts, they were a group of employees of the Moscow Kremlin, previously convicted under the so-called. "Kremlin case" 1935 (Doroshin V.G., Mishchenko N.N., Pavlov I.E., Polyakov P.F., Trenin V.V.), as well as engineering and technical workers from the Moscow region
« MILITARY COLLEGE TOP SECRET
SUPREME COURT
USSR UNION
July 2, 1937
Moscow, 25 Oktyabrya str., no. 23
TO THE COMMANDANT OF THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE USSR, Captain Comrade. IGNATIEVA
I order that the sentences of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR dated July 2, 1937 be carried out in relation to the following persons sentenced to HIGH CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT - EXECUTION
1.BATURINA Pavel Andreevich born in 1886
2. BERNATSKY Richard Alexandrovich born in 1904
3.BORZOV Mikhail Epifanovich born in 1889
4. VOLSKY Eduard Romanovich born 1906
5. GLUKHOV Ivan Gavriilovich born in 1887
6. GLUKHOV Ivan Filippovich born in 1884
7. GORBATYUK Alexander Yakovlevich born in 1891
8.GORBUNOV Vasily Vasilievich born in 1898
9. GRYAZNOV Konstantin Egorovich born in 1890
10. GUDOVICH Dmitry Alexandrovich born 1903
11. DEZEN Alexey Alekseevich born 1893
12.DOROGUTIN Nikolai Alekseevich born in 1897
13. DOROSHIN Vasily Grigorievich born in 1894
14.ZHELTOV Ivan Ivanovich born 1891
15. IGNATOV Ivan Fedorovich born in 1885
16.KIRSANOV Anatoly Alexandrovich born in 1910
17. KOZLOV Fedor Illarionovich born in 1876
18. KOLOSOV Alexander Ivanovich born 1901
19.LEBEDEVA Nikolai Alexandrovich born in 1911
20. LOMAKIN Nikolai Fedorovich born in 1881
21. LUKICHEV Alexander Alexandrovich born 1906
22.MANAKOV Vasily Khristoforovich born in 1908
23. MIKHAILOV Ivan Mikhailovich born in 1884
24. MISHCHENKO Nikolai Nikolaevich born in 1901
25. OBOLENSKY Mikhail Fedorovich born in 1885
26. PAVLOVA Ivan Efimovich born in 1899
27. PANTELEEV Nikolai Alexandrovich born in 1883
28. PISARKIN Mikhail Vasilievich born in 1886
29. POKROVSKY Leonid Fedorovich born in 1901
30. POLYAKOVA Pavel Fedorovich born in 1900
31. SAZONOV Grigory Alekseevich born 1884
32. SAZONOV Mikhail Vasilievich born in 1879
33SOLOVIEV Stepan Ivanovich born in 1892
34. TRAVKIN Sergei Ilyich born 1894
35. TRENINA Viktor Vasilievich born in 1897
36Evgeniy Sergeevich SHOSHIN, born in 1908.
37.YUMASHEV Georgy Zakharovich born in 1882
TOTAL THIRTY-SEVEN PEOPLE.
CHAIRMAN OF THE MILITARY COLLEGE
V. ULRICH"
JULY 3, 1937, execution of those sentenced to military service by the All-Russian Military Commission of the USSR for conspiracy against the government.
………………………..
AZARKIN P.I., born in 1900 in Ekaterinoslav; Russian; higher education; member of the CPSU(b); commander of a special-purpose regiment of the Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin. Resided: Moscow, Kremlin, building 5, apt. 9.
Arrested May 31, 1937;
AZAROV A.I., born in 1895 in the village of Moshevoye, Klimovichi district, Mogilev province; Russian; secondary education; b/p; deputy Head of the 5th Department of the Red Army Air Force Logistics Directorate, Quartermaster 2nd Rank. Resided: Moscow, Shchukinskaya St., military town, no. 26, building 24, apt. 69.
Arrested February 14, 1937;
GORBACHEV B.S., born in 1892 in the village of Zabolotye, Rogachev district, Mogilev province; Russian; higher education; member of the CPSU(b); senior non-commissioned officer of the Russian Imperial Army, in the Red Army since 1918, since 1934 deputy commander of the Moscow Military District, then commander of the troops of the Ural military district, corps commander. Resided: Moscow, A. Serafimovicha str., 2 (Government House), apt. 408.
Arrested May 4, 1937;
EGOROV N.G., born in 1893 in Moscow; Russian; higher education; member of the CPSU(b); ensign of the Russian Imperial Army, in the Red Army since 1918, head of the Military School named after the All-Russian Central Executive Committee ("School of Kremlin cadets"), brigade commander. Resided: Moscow, A. Serafimovicha str., 2 (Government House), apt. 129. Arrested April 3, 1937
IMYANINNIKOV M.A., born in 1896 in Yaroslavl province; Russian; higher education; member of the CPSU(b); in the Red Army since 1918, deputy. commandant and head of the political department of the Moscow Kremlin, divisional commissar. Resided: Moscow, M. Gorky St., 109, apt. 3. Arrested April 30, 1937;
KOROLEV B.P., born June 18, 1897 in St. Petersburg; Russian; lower education; member of the CPSU(b); pom. Head of the Military Veterinary Institute, quartermaster 1st rank. Resided: Moscow, Kremlin, bldg. 4, quarter 1..Arrested May 16, 1937;
LAVROV V.S., born in 1896 in Ekaterinodar; Russian; higher education; member of the CPSU(b); Staff captain of the Russian army, in the Red Army since 1919, head of the air defense department of the Belarusian military district, brigade commander. Lived: Smolensk, Smirnova str., 8a, apt. 87.
Arrested April 3, 1937
LUKYANOV I.P., born July 30, 1898 in Kuznetsk district of Tomsk province; Russian; self-educated; expelled from the CPSU(b) in 1935; Commandant of the Grand Kremlin Palace. Resided: Moscow, Bolotnaya st., 18, apt. 37. On July 27, 1935, the All-Russian Higher Military Command of the USSR was sentenced to 6 years in labor camp on charges of “belonging to a Trotskyist organization” (“The Kremlin Case”). He was kept in the Verkhneuralsk special prison. Rearrested May 5, 1937;
MANAKOV V.Kh., born in 1908 in Arkhangelsk; Russian; higher education; b/p; Mechanical engineer at the Promstroyproekt Institute. Resided: Moscow, Bolshaya Pochtovaya st., 18/20, building 11, apt. 35. Arrested November 20, 1936;
MENSHIKOV I.P., born in 1902 in Chukhloma; Russian; secondary education; member of the CPSU(b); Head of the warehouse department in the Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin. Resided: Moscow, Kremlin, building 6, apt. 4.
Arrested May 22, 1937;
MUKHANOVA E.K., born in 1898 in Samara; Russian; from the nobles; higher education; b/p; worked in the Kremlin government library. On July 25, 1935, the All-Russian Military Command of the USSR was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp on charges of “leading a terrorist group created in the Kremlin library” (“The Kremlin Case”). She was kept in the Verkhneuralsk special prison. Delivered to Moscow on June 16, 1937;
NIKITIN N.F., born 07/06/1901 in the village of Mednoye, Tver province; Russian; lower education; member of the CPSU(b); pom. Head of the Communications Department in the Office of the Commandant of the Moscow Kremlin. Resided: Moscow, Kremlin, building 10, apt. 5.
Arrested May 22, 1937;
ROSENFELD (KAMENEVA) N.A., born in 1886 in Tiflis; Armenian; secondary education; b/p; senior librarian at the Kremlin government library, wife of Rosenfeld N.B., brother of Kamenev L.B. Resided: Moscow, st. Malaya Nikitskaya, 16, apartment 105. On July 27, 1935, she was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp on charges of “leading a terrorist group created in the Kremlin library” (“The Kremlin Case”). She was kept in the Yaroslavl special prison. Delivered to Moscow on July 4, 1937.
SOSNOVSKY L.S., born in 1886 in Orenburg; Jew; primary education; member of the RSDLP(b) since 1903; journalist, publicist, member of the editorial board of GAZ. "Izvestia", one of the leaders of the "left opposition" in 1925-1927. Resided: Moscow, Novoslobodskaya str., 67, apt. 71.
Arrested October 23, 1936;
STAROSTIN V.T., born in 1903 in the village of Makovskie Vyselki, Moscow province; Russian; member of the CPSU(b); cadet of the Academy of Engineering and Technical Communications named after V. Podbelsky. Resided: Moscow, Bolshaya Tatarskaya st., 6, apt. 1.
Arrested January 16, 1937
"MILITARY COLLEGE TOP SECRET
SUPREME COURT
USSR UNION
July 3, 1937
Moscow, 25 Oktyabrya str., no. 23
TO THE COMMANDANT OF THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE USSR, Captain Comrade. IGNATIEVA
I order that the sentences of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR dated July 3, 1937 be carried out in relation to the following convicts sentenced to HIGH CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT - EXECUTION:
1. AZARKIN Peter Ivanovich born in 1900
2.AZAROV Alexander Ivanovich born in 1895
3.GORBACHEV Boris Sergeevich born in 1892
4. EGOROV Nikolai Georgievich born in 1893
5. IMYANINNIKOV Mikhail Alexandrovich born in 1896
6. QUEEN Boris Petrovich born in 1897
7.LAVROV Vladimir Semenovich born in 1896
8.LUKYANOV Ivan Petrovich born in 1898
9. MENSHIKOV Ivan Pavlovich born in 1902
10. MUKHANOVA Ekaterina Konstantinovna born 1898
11.NIKITIN Nikolai Fedorovich born in 1901
12. ROSENFELD Nina Alexandrovna born in 1886
13. SOSNOVSKY Lev Semenovich born in 1886
14. STAROSTIN Vasily Timofeevich born 1903
ONLY FOURTEEN PEOPLE.
CHAIRMAN OF THE MILITARY COLLEGE
UPPER COURT OF THE UNION OF THE USSR ARMY MILITARY LAWYER
V. ULRICH"
…………………..
Boris Gorbachev, in the Ural Military District, was supposed to lead the rebellion of anti-Soviet forces together with Garkav
Vladimir Lavrov, leading the air defense in the Belarusian Military District on instructions from the “right” brought it to partial collapse
Nikolay Egorov, head schools for Kremlin cadets, formed personnel to overthrow the current government
Nikolai Nikitin. an employee of the communications department in the Kremlin commandant's office, he was supposed to help paralyze government communications during the military coup
Ivan Menshikov, who was in charge of warehouses in the Kremlin, was supposed to provide the putschists inside the territory of the Kremlin with everything they needed
On July 13, 1937, the execution of convicted former government sector employees involved in a conspiracy in the Kremlin took place. Among them there are 3 groups:
1 - Red Army officers:
ALAFUZO M.I., head of the department of the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army, corps commander;
ASTAKHOV N.N., head of the 6th department of the Research Institute of Communications of the Red Army, military engineer of the 2nd rank;
VAKULICH P.I., head of the department of the Academy of the General Staff of the Red Army, division commander;
GAVRILOV G.F., head of military artillery warehouse No. 34 in Rybinsk, quartermaster 1st rank;
KUZMIN M.V., head of the FINO of the Trans-Baikal military district, brigade commissar;
PETRUNIN A.N., head and commissar of military warehouse No. 63, Nezhin;
Group 2 - former members of the Socialist Revolutionary Party ioners, incl. famous members of Semenov's combat detachment Lydia KONOPLEV and Konstantin USOV, who took part in the assassination attempt on V. Lenin in 1918: Joseph DASHEVSKY, Nikolai ZHDANOV, Pavel LIKHACHEV, Pavel PETRUNIN, Pavel SEREBRYANNIKOV, Faina STAVSKAYA;
Third, among others - one of the leaders of the “left opposition” in the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), a member of the RSDLP (Bolsheviks) since 1903, a native of a priest’s family, Yevgeny PREOBRAZHENSKY, co-author of the famous “ABC of Communism”, a supporter of barracks socialism in economics;
Valentin KOLOSOVSKY, deputy representative of the Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to the Central Executive Committee of the USSR; nephew of Lev Kamenev Boris ROSENFELD; sons of Preobrazhensky's party comrades - Boguslavsky M.S. and Drobnis Y.N. Adolf BOGUSLAVSKY and Nikolai DROBNIS; former anarchist Boris DRUGANOV; writer Simon VITALIN;
Dr. Isaac GILFMAN, an epidemiologist at the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, after being convicted in 1933 for “K.-R. Trotskyist activities,” a doctor in the sanitary department of the White Sea-Baltic ITL of the NKVD; Vladimir VOLKOV, student of the workers' department of the Moscow Aviation Institute; Nikolay ZHUKOV, senior mechanic of the Central Textile Laboratory at the Moscow Silk Institute;
Elena RAEVSKAYA, before her first arrest, a librarian at the Kremlin government library (convicted in the so-called “Kremlin case” in 1935 to 6 years in prison), prisoner of the Yaroslavl special prison; agronomist-economist Olga SHUMAEVA.
"MILITARY COLLEGE TOP SECRET
SUPREME COURT
USSR UNION
July 13, 1937
Moscow, 25 Oktyabrya str., no. 23
TO THE COMMANDANT OF THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE USSR, Captain Comrade. IGNATIEVA
I order that the sentences of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR dated July 13, 1937 be carried out in relation to the following convicts sentenced to HIGH CRIMINAL PUNISHMENT - EXECUTION:
1. ALAFUZO Mikhail Ivanovich born in 1891
2.ASTAKHOV Nikolai Nikitovich born in 1896
3. BOGUSLAVSKY Adolf Mikhailovich born in 1912
4. VAKULICH Pavel Ivanovich born in 1890
5. VASILIEV Fyodor Vasilievich born in 1879
6. VITALINA Simon Samuilovich born 1897
7.VOLKOV Vladimir Arkadyevich born in 1919
8. GAVRILOV Grigory Fedorovich born in 1895
9. GILFMAN Isaac Moiseevich born 1903
10. DASHEVSKY Joseph Samuilovich born in 1891
11. DROBNIS Nikolai Yakovlevich born 1918
12. DRUGANOV Boris Fedorovich born in 1881
13. ZHDANOV Nikolai Ivanovich born in 1884
14.ZHUKOV Nikolai Makeevich born 1885
15.KASATKIN Boris Vladimirovich born in 1885
16.KOLOSOVSKY Valentin Viktorovich born in 1888
17. KONOPLEVA Lidia Vasilievna born in 1891
18.KUZMINA Mikhail Vasilievich born in 1893
19. LIKHACHEV Pavel Gavriilovich born in 1887
20. PELEVINA Pavel Nikolaevich born in 1882
21. PETRUNIN Alexander Nikanorovich born in 1893
22. PREOBRAZHENSKY Evgeniy Alekseevich born in 1886
23. RAEVSKAYA Elena Yurievna born in 1913
24. ROSENFELD Boris Nikolaevich born in 1908
25. SEREBRYANNIKOVA (Krivchik) Pavel Ilyich born 1889
26.STAVSKAYA Faina Efremovna born in 1890
27. Konstantin Andreevich USOV, born in 1895.
28. SHUMAYEVA Olga Akimovna born in 1898
A total of TWENTY-EIGHT convicts.
CHAIRMAN OF THE MILITARY COLLEGE
UPPER COURT OF THE UNION OF THE USSR ARMY MILITARY LAWYER
V. ULRICH"
Michael Alafuso
Nikolay Astakhov
Pavel Vakulich
Nikolay Zhukov
Lidiya Konopleva, former Socialist Revolutionary terrorist
Boris Rosendeld, nephew of Lev Kamenev and opposition figure
It is worth noting that in these cases it was not about terror against the common people, but about just terror against people in power and their entourage. They committed various crimes and were punished for it.
In the above verdicts, everything was justified and the verdict was fair.
………………………………..
Unfortunately, no diaries have been preserved about the chairman of the court, Vasily Stepanovich Ulrich, and his reports to Stalin or letters have not been published. All this is still kept classified as “secret”.
Why? What is it about them that the custodians of the archives, gentlemen liberals, are afraid of?
Without these documents it is very difficult to judge Ulrich as a lawyer and person. But still we can form a fairly correct idea about him.
It is interesting that during Perestroika a criminal case was opened against V.V. Ulrikh on charges of “violation of the law” (against the deceased), but even then the prosecutor V. Zybtsev dropped it for lack of evidence of a crime.
The prosecutor's office was never able to prove even one episode that Ulrich in any way violated the law. Apparently he was actually an honest man
House 23 on Nikolskaya Street has a long history - the lower floors include fragments of the chambers of the Khovansky princes from the 17th century. In the 19th century, the building belonged to the Moscow Crafts Authority; in one of the rented apartments in 1835 lived Nikolai Vladimirovich Stankevich, the founder of the so-called “Stankevich circle,” a literary and philosophical association that included V. Belinsky, T. Granovsky, K. Aksakov, A. Koltsov, M. Bakunin.
But this building became most famous as an “execution house” - during the years of the Great Terror the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR, headed by V.V. Ulrikh, was located here. The Military Collegium moved from Spiridonyevka to a building on Nikolskaya Street. (then 25 October Street) in the early 1930s and was located there until the end of the 1940s. Perhaps the proximity of the Lubyanka was also taken into account when choosing the location - in any case, stories about underground passages between these buildings appear in many memoirs.
According to its own reports, from 1934 to 1955, the Military Collegium convicted 47,549 people. During the period from October 1, 1936 to November 30, 1938, over 36 thousand were convicted, of which 31,456 people were sentenced to capital punishment (including 7,408 residents of Moscow), and 6,857 people were sentenced to imprisonment.
Of course, this is not a very large part of the total number of those repressed for political reasons (more than a million were shot and over four million were sent to camps). But the Military Collegium in these years was the central link in the mechanism of repression.
It was she who, over the years, passed sentences on the most famous figures, be they artists or scientists, military or industrial leaders, clergy or lawyers. Among those sentenced to death by the Military Collegium: writers I.E. Babel, I.I. Kataev, B.A. Pilnyak, S.M. Tretyakov, B. Yasensky, director V.E. Meyerhold, marshals M.N. Tukhachevsky and A.I. Egorov, Air Marshal S.A. Khudyakov, prominent scientists N.D. Kondratyev, E.D. Polivanov and R.L. Samoilovich, Politburo members N.I. Bukharin, G.E. Zinoviev, L. B. Kamenev, S.V. Kosior, A.I. Rykov, V.Ya. Chubar, the full composition of the government of Mongolia, 25 allied people's commissars and 19 republican ones; 13 army commanders, 43 corps commanders, 85 brigade commanders, over 100 professors, more than 300 directors of leading enterprises...
Here the parents of M. Plisetskaya, O. Aroseva, A. Zbruev and many other of our famous compatriots were sentenced to death.
In this house in 1937, the Special Presence met in the “Tukhachevsky case”, here in 1946 Air Force Commander-in-Chief A.A. Novikov and People's Commissar of Aviation Industry A.I. Shakhurin were tried, and in 1948 Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov was tried here.
The military collegium gave the repressions the appearance of legality - although almost all sentences were passed by it “in accordance with the law of December 1, 1934,” that is, without the participation of the defense and without the possibility of appeal. The “consideration” of the case took no more than 10-15 minutes. From a legal point of view, these verdicts were not much different from the absentee decisions of the “troikas” and the Special Meeting.
At the same time, the Military Collegium was the main executor of the decisions of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the NKVD. During the years of mass terror, most of the verdicts of the Military Collegium were preliminarily (before considering the cases) approved by Stalin and close members of the Politburo according to lists compiled by the NKVD. In fact, the Military Collegium did not pronounce a verdict, but formalized the decision of the country's top leadership. And then on forms with the address “street. 25 October, no. 23”, signed by Ulrich, an order for execution was issued. At least until September 1937, sentences were carried out by the commandant of the Military Collegium; On the same form he wrote a referral to the crematorium for the burning of corpses.
How the conviction took place is evidenced by documents first published in the 21st century.
Here is a note from Yezhov dated July 26, 1938: “To Comrade Stalin. I am sending a list of those arrested who are subject to trial by the Military Collegium under the first category.”
Here is the resolution of Comrade Stalin: “For the execution of all 138 people.”
Initially, there were 139 people on the list - the leader crossed out (for the time being) Marshal Egorov and transferred 139, as he initially wrote, to 138.
And the names there are all well known to him - there are 9 commanders of military districts, heads of naval and air forces, 5 people's commissars and a dozen deputies, the head of TsAGI and directors of aircraft factories, 2 chairmen of the State Planning Committee, heads of departments of the Central Committee, first secretaries of the communist parties of Kyrgyzstan and Armenia, regional committee secretaries and the Kremlin commandant...
And then everyone has the same fate - 10 minutes of “trial” at the Military Collegium and execution. Comrade Ulrich carried out the leader’s decisions promptly - 45 people were convicted and executed within two days, on July 28, the next day another 67, and another 14 on August 1. Nine were lucky to survive until August 19, one until September 10, and another until March 3, 1939. From this list, only the fate of T.Ya. Chubar, the brother of a member of the Politburo, is unknown to us. Marshal Egorov, deleted from the list, was shot on February 23, 1939.
It only remains to mention that all the people on this list have been rehabilitated - except for three security officers, accomplices of Stalin's crimes: Agranov, Bulakhai Leplevsky.
According to the Law on the Judicial System of the USSR of 1938, the Supreme Court of the USSR was defined as the highest judicial body of the country and acted as part of: a) the Judicial Collegium for Criminal Cases; b) Judicial Collegium for Civil Cases; c) Military Collegium; d) Railway Board; d) Water Transport Board. See: A. Yatskova. History of the Soviet court “Domestic Notes” No. 2, 2003See: Collection of legislative and regulatory acts on repression and rehabilitation of victims of political repression. - M.:
And others
TOP SECRET
SENTENCE IN THE NAME OF THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS THE MILITARY COLLEGE OF THE SUPREME COURT OF THE USSR Contains:Chairman - Colonel General of Justice
ULRICH V.V.
Members: Major General of Justice F.F. KARAVAYKOV And
Lieutenant Colonel of Justice P.T. KLOPOV
Under the Secretary - Lieutenant Colonel of Justice M.S. POCHITALIN
In an open court hearing, in Moscow, with the participation of the state prosecution: represented by the Deputy Prosecutor General of the USSR, Lieutenant General of Justice VAVILOV A.P. and Colonel of Justice P.A. KULCHITSKY, defense represented by Moscow lawyers KAZNACHEEV S.K., BELOV N.P., CHIZHOV K.D. and SIDORENKO N.T.
1/ Grigory Mikhailovich SEMENOV, born in 1890, native of the village of Durulguevskaya, Trans-Baikal region, Russian, former commander-in-chief of the armed forces of the Russian Eastern outskirts, lieutenant general of the White Army;
2/ Konstantin Vladimirovich RODZAEVSKY, born in 1907, native of Blagoveshchensk, Russian, journalist by profession;
3/ BAKSHEEVA Alexey Proklovich, born in 1873, native of the village of Atamanovka, Transbaikal region, Russian, former lieutenant general of the White Army;
4/ Lev Filippovich VLASIEVSKY, born in 1884, native of the village of Pervy Chindant, Akshinsky district, Chita region, former major general of the White Army;
5/ SHEPUNOV Boris Nikolaevich, born in 1897, native of Elizavetopol, now Ganja, Russian, formerly. white army officer;
6/ Lev Pavlovich OKHOTINA, born in 1911, native of Chita, Russian, employee, -
- all six in crimes under Articles 58.4, 58-6 Part 1, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 Part II and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR;
7/ MIKHAILOV Ivan Adrianovich, born in 1891, native of the village of Ust-Kara, Merchinsky district, Chita region, Russian, former minister of the counter-revolutionary government of Kolchak and
8/ UKHTOMSKY Nikolai Aleksandrovich, born in 1895, native of Simbirsk, now Ulyanovsk, Russian, former prince, journalist, both in crimes provided for in articles 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-10 part. II and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR.
Having fled to the Far East at the end of 1917, SEMENOV, together with the officers of the tsarist army BAKSHEEV - a participant in the suppression of the Boxer uprising in China and VLASIEVSKY, established a criminal connection with the Japanese military command and, under his leadership and with Japanese funds, created from the officers, White Cossacks and other hostile Soviet power elements of the white army.
Units of this army under the command of SEMENOV, BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY in 1918 waged an armed struggle against partisan detachments and the Red Army in Transbaikalia, organized punitive expeditions, burned villages and hamlets, committed mass executions, robberies and abuses of civilians who supported Soviet power.
The leader of the partisan movement in the Far East, Sergei LAZO, was burned alive in the furnace of a steam locomotive by the White Guards and the Japanese, for whose villainous murder SEMENOV and his associates BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY were directly responsible.
Having curry favor with the Japanese through their active struggle against Soviet power, SEMENOV and BAKSHEYEV, on instructions from the Japanese interventionists, created a counter-revolutionary government in Chita in 1919, established a military dictatorship in the Transbaikal region, brutally suppressed all revolutionary uprisings, and mercilessly punished the population for evading forced mobilization for service in the Soviet Union. the white army and for refusing to supply food, fodder, and horse stock.
In 1920, SEMENOV, by order of KOLCHAK, took command of all the armed forces of the Russian eastern outskirts and agreed with the Japanese invaders to secede Soviet Primorye from Russia and transfer it to the Japanese, for which he received from them money, weapons and ammunition for the fight against the Soviet authorities.
At the direction of the Japanese government, SEMENOV took an active part in the formation in Vladivostok of the puppet, so-called Amur government, designed to subordinate Primorye to Japanese interests and provide a springboard for the further seizure of the Far Eastern part of the territory of Soviet Russia up to Lake Baikal.
After the defeat of the Japanese interventionists and the White Army, SEMENOV, BAKSHEYEV, VLASIEVSKY and SHEPUNOV fled to Manchuria and, under the leadership of the Japanese, continued to actively fight against the USSR.
On instructions from Japanese intelligence, they created a number of anti-Soviet organizations - “Monarchical Union”, “Union of Cossacks in the Far East”, “Russian All-Military Union”, “Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchuria” and other similar organizations.
The defendants in the present case subsequently took an active part in the anti-Soviet activities of SEMENOV and his closest assistants: RODZAEVSKY, who in 1925 fled from the USSR to Manchuria and created there the so-called “Russian Fascist Party”; MIKHAILOV, former minister of the Kolchak government; former Prince UKHTOMSKY and son of policeman OKHOTIN.
Being Japanese agents, these defendants, under the leadership of Japanese intelligence, created espionage, sabotage and terrorist groups and transferred them to the Soviet Union to carry out enemy work, and also formed armed detachments from among the White Guards to attack the Soviet Union as part of the Japanese army.
The materials of the case established that the Japanese military, which for a number of years had been preparing a military attack on the Soviet Union with the aim of seizing its territory, set itself the task of attracting and using White emigrants and their leaders in the implementation of the aggressive plans planned by the Japanese General Staff.
Defendant SEMENOV, being the leader of the White Guard formations in Manchuria, maintained a personal connection with the inspirers of Japanese aggressive plans, Generals TANAKA, ARAKI and others, and participated in the development of a plan for the separation of Eastern Siberia from the USSR and the organization on this territory of the so-called “buffer state” led by SEMENOV .
After seizing the territory of Manchuria in 1931 and turning it into a springboard against the USSR, the Japanese General Staff began to speed up preparations for a war against the Soviet Union and, in connection with this, proposed, through the head of the 2nd Department of the Kwantung Army Headquarters, Colonel ISIMURA, to intensify the anti-Soviet activities of White Guard organizations and the preparation of formations from white emigrants.
In 1938, during the period of the Japanese General Staff's action against the Red Army at Lake Khasan, and then in 1939 against the MPR and the Red Army in the Kholkhin Gol region, SEMENOV, through an officer of the Japanese General Staff, Major YAMOOKA, was given instructions to be ready in the event of a successful development of operations invade Soviet territory with White émigré units to strengthen the Japanese occupation regime.
Having been defeated at Lake Khasan and on the Kholkhin Gol River, the Japanese invaders did not, however, abandon their aggressive intentions and in 1940 developed a new plan for an attack on the USSR, providing for the seizure of the Soviet Far East.
As a witness, former Vice Minister of War of Japan, Lieutenant General TOMINAGA, testified in court, this plan was reported by him in the presence of the Chief of the Japanese General Staff, Prince Kanin, to Emperor HIROHITO in his personal residence and a few days later approved by the Emperor.
At the same time, TOMINAGA pointed out that the operational plan for a military attack on the USSR provided for the widespread use of White Guards living in Manchuria, China, Korea and Japan.
After Germany’s treacherous attack on the Soviet Union, the Japanese General Staff, in collusion with the German command, in 1941 developed a special plan for a military attack on the Soviet Union with the participation of the White Guards, similar to the German Barbarossa plan, conventionally called “Kan-Toku-En” ( special maneuvers of the Kwantung Army).
Witness Lieutenant General TOMINAGA testified in court that the Kan-Toku-En plan was developed in mid-1941 and approved by the Japanese Minister of War, General TOJIO, under whose direct supervision military preparations related to the plan were carried out against the Soviet Union.
This was also confirmed in court by a witness, the former head of the central Japanese military mission in Manchuria, Lieutenant General YANAGITA, who testified that in the Kan-Toku-En plan, developed at the direction of the Japanese government, which aimed to seize the Soviet Far East, a significant role was assigned to the White Guards, living in the Far East.
Similar testimony was given by witnesses - the former head of the intelligence department of the Kwantung Army, Colonel ASADA, the former head of the Japanese military mission in the city of Dairen, Captain TAKEOKA.
In accordance with the general aggressive plans of Japan directed against the USSR, the defendants SEMENOV, BAKSHEEV, VLASIEVSKY, RODZAEVSKY, SHEPUNOV and OKHOTIN, betting on the overthrow of Soviet power with the help of Japan, united the disparate White Guard organizations as part of the "Bureau for Russian Emigrants" (“BREM”) and launched active efforts to train armed personnel from among the White Guards for an attack on the Soviet Union.
Beginning in 1932, on behalf of the Japanese, military units, special Cossack units, and police security detachments were formed.
At the end of 1943, “Russian military detachments” of the Manchukuo army were created, which included cavalry, infantry and individual Cossack units. In addition, a Cossack corps was formed, the commander of which the Japanese appointed defendant BAKSHEEV, reporting directly to the head of the Japanese military mission in Hailar, Lieutenant Colonel TAKI.
By obtaining espionage information about the Soviet Union through his agents sent to the territory of the USSR, SEMENOV passed this information on to the Japanese and regularly received monetary rewards from them, which is confirmed, in addition to his personal confession and the testimony of the witness TAKEOKA, by authentic receipts issued by SEMENOV to Japanese intelligence agencies.
In organizing espionage and sabotage against the Soviet Union, defendants RODZAEVSKY and his assistant in the so-called “Russian Fascist Union” OKHOTIN played an active role.
Defendants SHEPUNOV, MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY, being officials of Japanese intelligence and police, for a number of years, until their arrest in the fall of 1945, recruited spies, sent them to the territory of the Soviet Union, organized surveillance of Soviet citizens who came to Manchuria, collected information concerning the Far Eastern Soviet defense in connection with the attack on the USSR by Nazi Germany, and transmitted this information to the Japanese military mission in Harbin.
In order to attract the White Guards to the active struggle against the Soviet Union, SEMENOV, RODZAEVSKY, MIKHAILOV, UKHTOMSKY, VLASIEVSKY and others, at the direction of the Japanese and at their expense, throughout their anti-Soviet activities, published anti-Soviet newspapers, magazines, leaflets and brochures, filled with hatred against Soviet power and containing calls for the unification of white emigrants to fight against Soviet power and provide comprehensive assistance to the Japanese in their aggressive intentions against the USSR.
After Germany's military attack on the Soviet Union, the defendants intensified their anti-Soviet activities even more, concentrated the leadership of all anti-Soviet propaganda among White emigrants in the hands of RODZAEVSKY, who, at the direction of the Japanese, organized the publication of a number of new anti-Soviet newspapers to prepare White emigrants for an armed uprising against the USSR.
The Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR found proven the guilt of each of the defendants in committing the following crimes:
1. SEMENOV in 1917, after the formation of the Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies, while in Petrograd, tried to organize a coup, overthrow the Soviet government, arrest V.I. LENIN, members of the Petrograd Soviet and deal with them, thus decapitating the Bolshevik leadership of the socialist revolution.
After a failed attempt to carry out a coup, SEMENOV, on the instructions of the former Minister of War MURAVYEV, left for Transbaikalia, and then to the Far East, where since 1918, under the leadership of the Japanese military command, he organized an active armed struggle against Soviet power, having constant communication and communication with representatives the Japanese command and the heads of Japanese consulates and missions in the person of SATO, Lieutenant Colonel KURASAWA, Major KUROKI, KATO and others, who provided assistance to SEMENOV with money, weapons and uniforms.
SEMENOV actively fought against units of the Red Army and partisan detachments led by Sergei LAZO, sent punitive detachments to the regions of Transbaikalia and the Far East and carried out reprisals against the civilian Soviet population who supported Soviet power.
In 1919, at the direction of the Japanese, SEMENOV created a counter-revolutionary government in Chita, established a military dictatorship in Transbaikalia, brutally suppressed revolutionary protests in favor of Soviet power, forcibly mobilized the population to serve in the White Army, and also organized the forced confiscation of food and fodder and horse stock.
SEMENOV mercilessly persecuted and exterminated everyone who resisted this.
At the end of 1920, SEMENOV, together with representatives of Japan, took part in the formation of the Amur puppet government in Vladivostok, in which SEMENOV was assigned the role of head of government.
After the defeat of the White Army, SEMENOV fled to the territory of Manchuria and for more than two decades was the leader and head of the Russian White emigrants who settled in Manchuria.
Being personally connected with the inspirers of Japanese aggressive plans, Generals TANAKA, ARAKI and others, SEMENOV, according to their instructions, participated in the development of a plan for an armed attack on the Soviet Union and was intended by the Japanese as the head of the so-called “buffer state”.
SEMENOV personally participated in the preparation of the Japanese capture of Manchuria and its transformation into a springboard for an attack on the USSR.
Being an active Japanese spy, SEMENOV, on instructions from Japanese intelligence, sent spies and saboteurs to the USSR, whom he instructed to establish contact with the agents he left in the Soviet Union and, with their help, organize rebel groups and commit acts of sabotage.
For espionage activities against the Soviet Union, SEMENOV regularly received large monetary rewards from the Japanese.
Along with carrying out extensive espionage work against the USSR, SEMENOV, as the leader of the White emigrants in the Far East, conducted active anti-Soviet activities throughout the entire period of his stay abroad, calling on the White Guards to unite and actively fight for the overthrow of Soviet power and for the creation on the territory of the Soviet Union fascist regime.
In 1934, on instructions from the Japanese, SEMENOV created the “Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchuria” (BREM), which was the center for the unification of the White Guards and the governing body of the active enemy work of the White emigrants against the USSR.
The Bureau for Russian Emigrants, led by SEMENOV, prepared and sent a large number of spies, saboteurs and terrorists to the Soviet Union, organized military training of the White Guards for armed struggle against the Soviet Union, and also conducted widespread anti-Soviet propaganda.
2. RODZAEVSKY, having anti-Soviet convictions, fled from the USSR to Manchuria in 1925 and for 20 years carried out active anti-Soviet activities there.
In 1926, while in Harbin, RODZAEVSKY created the so-called “Russian Fascist Organization” and, having taken a leading position in it, carried out anti-Soviet propaganda among the White Guards who were in Manchuria, compiling leaflets, brochures and books with anti-Soviet content, and made reports on anti-Soviet topics and was involved in recruiting new members to the organization.
Under the leadership of RODZAEVSKY, in 1931, a congress of “Russian fascists of the Far East” was held in Harbin, at which the fascist program developed by RODZAEVSKY was adopted and the so-called Supreme Council of the “Russian Fascist Party” was established, later renamed the “Russian Fascist Party” Union" (RFS). From that time on, RODZAEVSKY was active in creating fascist groups in Manchuria, China, as well as in Europe and America.
Closely associated with the leaders of Japanese aggressive policy, Generals ARAKI, KOISO and others, RODZAEVSKY was initiated into the Japanese plan for war against the USSR and prepared the White Guards for an attack on the Soviet Union together with the Japanese.
On instructions from Japanese intelligence in 1931, RODZAEVSKY organized and took personal part in provocative “incidents” that were organized by the Japanese as a pretext for the occupation of Manchuria.
Under the leadership of the Japanese, RODZAEVSKY published anti-Soviet newspapers and magazines in Manchuria, and also trained spies and terrorists from among the RFU, who were transferred to the USSR for espionage work and committing terrorist acts.
In 1937, RODZAEVSKY worked to unite fascist organizations in different countries with the aim of creating a single anti-Soviet bloc.
Since 1943, RODZAEVSKY served as deputy head of the Bureau of Russian Emigrants in Manchuria and led anti-Soviet activities among the White Guards.
RODZAEVSKY, in addition to Japanese intelligence agencies, was also associated with German intelligence and used funds received from the Germans for anti-Soviet work.
3. BAKSHEEV and
4. VLASIEVSKY in 1918, having voluntarily enlisted in the White Army of Ataman SEMENOV, actively fought against Soviet power.
BAKSHEEV, being the deputy of Ataman SEMENOV and the chairman of the Cossack government of Transbaikalia, issued orders for the forced mobilization of the population into White Guard detachments, was engaged in the requisition of food, fodder and horse stock from the civilian population, created punitive squads in the villages that actively fought the partisan movement, and VLASIEVSKY held the position head of the Cossack department of the White Army headquarters, directing the formation of White Cossack units for the armed struggle against the Red Army.
Having fled to the territory of Manchuria in 1920, BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY continued to conduct active anti-Soviet activities.
BAKSHEEV, on instructions from Japanese intelligence, formed and headed the anti-Soviet “Union of Cossacks of the Far East,” which consisted of two separate divisions, five regiments and one hundred, which were prepared by the Japanese for the armed struggle against the USSR.
In 1934, at the direction of the Japanese, BAKSHEEV and VLASIEVSKY, together with SEMENOV, created an anti-Soviet organization called the “Bureau for Russian Emigrants in Manchuria,” which trained terrorists, spies and saboteurs who were thrown into Soviet territory.
BAKSHEEV from 1935, and VLASIEVSKY from 1943 until the day of his arrest headed the “Main Bureau for Russian Emigrants”, at the same time taking an active part in the preparation of the armed attack on the USSR planned by the Japanese, and for these purposes they created armed detachments from among the White Guards.
On SEMYONOV’s instructions, VLASIEVSKY personally recruited agents, who were then sent to the USSR on espionage missions.
5. SHEPUNOV in 1917, as part of the “Wild Division,” took part in the counter-revolutionary Kornilov rebellion and the attack on Petrograd, and then in the Socialist-Revolutionary-Menshevik uprising in Ashgabat, after which he voluntarily joined SEMENOV’s White Army, in which he led an armed struggle against Soviet troops.
Having fled to Manchuria in 1922, SHEPUNOV created the White Guard organization “Monarchical Union”, and also participated in the anti-Soviet White Guard organizations “Russian All-Military Union” and “Russian Fascist Party”.
In 1932, SHEPUNOV voluntarily enlisted in the Japanese police detachment at Pogranichnaya station, where he conducted searches and conducted investigations into the cases of persons arrested for activities against the Japanese. During interrogations, SHEPUNOV subjected those arrested to torture and beatings.
On instructions from Japanese intelligence, SHEPUNOV was engaged in recruiting spies and transferring them to the territory of the USSR for subversive work. SHEPUNOV supplied the spies being transferred to the USSR with anti-Soviet literature, intended for scattering in populated areas.
In 1938, SHEPUNOV was appointed by the Japanese as head of the Bureau of Russian Emigrants in Harbin and carried out active work to prepare White Guards to participate in the war on the side of Japan against the Soviet Union.
In 1941, on instructions from the Japanese, SHEPUNOV participated in the formation of a White Guard detachment called the “Russian military detachment,” uniformed and armed by the Japanese and intended for an armed attack on the USSR.
6. Since 1928, OKHOTIN has been a member of fascist organizations created by the Japanese on the territory of Manchuria, and since 1937, he has been a member of the Supreme Council of the Russian Fascist Union and carried out active anti-Soviet activities.
Since 1937, OKHOTIN was an agent of Japanese intelligence, and was subsequently appointed by the Japanese as deputy head of the intelligence school, where he trained spies, saboteurs and transferred them to the Soviet Union for subversive work.
In 1940, OKHOTIN was appointed an official of the Japanese military mission in Harbin and here, until the day of his arrest, he was also involved in training espionage personnel for enemy work against the USSR.
By their criminal actions, defendants SEMENOV, RODZAEVSKY, BAKSHEEV, VLASIEVSKY, SHEPUNOV and OKHOTIN committed crimes under Articles 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code RSFSR.
7.-8. MIKHAILOV, being the minister of the Siberian counter-revolutionary government and one of the organizers of the coup that led to the establishment of the Kolchak dictatorship in Siberia in November 1918, took an active part in organizing the armed struggle against the Red Army.
In 1920, MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY fled to the territory of Manchuria and established contact with Ataman SEMENOV, together with whom they participated in the preparation of a counter-revolutionary rebellion in Primorye and the creation of the so-called Amur Government.
While in Manchuria, MIKHAILOV organized the publication of an anti-Soviet newspaper and conducted enemy work against the USSR, and UKHTOMSKY was a correspondent for the newspaper, publishing slanderous articles about the Soviet Union and calling on the White Guards to actively fight against Soviet power.
MIKHAILOV since 1925, and UKHTOMSKY since 1930, were agents of Japanese intelligence and, on the instructions of the latter, recruited agents who carried out espionage activities against the USSR.
UKHTOMSKY, in addition, in 1941, on the instructions of the Japanese military mission in Harbin, created a special organization from among the White Guards, engaged in the dissemination of various kinds of provocative fabrications about the Soviet Union.
MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY were connected not only with Japanese intelligence, but also with other foreign intelligence services, and regularly supplied them with espionage information concerning the Soviet Union.
With their criminal actions, MIKHAILOV and UKHTOMSKY committed crimes under Articles 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR.
Based on all of the above, guided by Art. 319 and 320 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the RSFSR, Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.
SENTENCED:1. SEMENOVA: Grigory Mikhailovich on the totality of the crimes he committed, provided for in Art. 58-4, 58-6 part 1, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, as the worst enemy of the Soviet people and the most active accomplice of the Japanese aggressors, through whose fault tens of thousands of Soviet people, on the basis of the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR dated April 19, 1943, - to death by hanging with confiscation of all property belonging to him.
2. RODZAEVSKY Konstantin Vladimirovich
3. BAKSHEEVA Alexey Proklovich,
4. VLASIEVSKY Lev Filippovich,
5. SHEPUNOVA Boris Nikolaevich and
6. MIKHAILOVA Ivan Andrianovich in terms of the totality of the crimes they committed, provided for in Art. 58-4, 58-6 part I, 58-8, 58-9, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR - to EXECUTE with confiscation of all property belonging to them.
7. UKHTOMSKY Nikolai Alexandrovich and
8. OKHOTINA Lev Pavlovich on the totality of the crimes they committed, provided for in Art. 58-4, 58-6 part I, 58-10 part 2 and 58-11 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, and OKHOTINA in addition Art. 58-8 and 58-9 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, taking into account their comparatively smaller role in anti-Soviet activities, guided by the resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 31, 1943 - to hard labor - UKHTOMSKY for TWENTY years, and OKHOTINA - for FIFTEEN years with confiscation of everything property belonging to them.
The term of punishment shall be calculated to N.A. UKHTOMSKY. - from September 13, 1945, and L.P. KHOTIN - since September 7, 1945.
The verdict is final and is not subject to cassation appeal.
Chairman V. Ulrich
Members F. Karavaikov
P. Klopov
Secretary M. Pochitalin
Authentic with proper signatures
copy is right
Official seal of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR
MILITARY BOARD OF THE UPPER COURT OF THE USSR
Lieutenant Colonel of Justice
signature
(Pochitalin)
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