It is impossible to imagine a modern office or enterprise without computers, printers, copiers, faxes and other office equipment. It faithfully serves entrepreneurs, but there comes a time when the equipment either becomes obsolete or breaks down irreparably. New equipment will be purchased to replace the old one, but outdated devices that have turned into garbage cannot simply be taken to the nearest trash heap.

Why computer equipment needs special disposal and how to correctly carry out this procedure from the point of view of the legislation of the Russian Federation, read this article.

Why unnecessary office equipment is not just trash

Anything that cannot be sold (donated) or reused is unwanted items, in other words, garbage. The accumulation of such items is unacceptable in an enterprise where everything should work to make a profit. If the computer is no longer efficient or is hopelessly damaged, you cannot work on it, which means you will need to purchase another one to replace it.

Naturally, you need to get rid of useless things. Assets such as office equipment are written off and disposed of according to a special procedure provided for by law. Reasons for regulating the disposal of office equipment:

1. Preventing harm to the environment. Used office equipment is classified as hazardous waste. In the production of computers and other units, substances that are hazardous to life are used, for example, lead, arsenic, etc. The usual throwing away of equipment, especially regularly, can cause irreparable harm to the environment and health.
2. Saving what can be saved. Office equipment includes parts containing non-ferrous metal, as well as a certain amount of precious metals: gold, silver, platinum. Thus, the Tax Code of the Russian Federation considers even completely unusable equipment not without a certain value. The metal can be recovered and reused, and the valuable components must be properly accounted for as part of the assets.

IMPORTANT INFORMATION! Sufficient basis for regulated disposal computer equipment is its legislative basis. In other words, an organization or person found to be routinely disposing of such equipment will be held administratively liable for pollution environment and violation of epidemiological norms.

What the law says

The disposal of obsolete office equipment is regulated by several legal acts:

1. Administrative Code in Art. 8.2 prohibits throwing away equipment along with ordinary garbage, and the ban applies to both individuals and organizations.
2. A separate ban on this action for legal entities is prescribed in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 340.
3. Federal Law No. 89 prohibits enterprises from doing this on their own.
4. Clause 2 art. 20 of Federal Law No. 41 of March 26, 1998 stipulates improper disposal of equipment as a violation of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation due to the content of valuable metals in it, which must be recycled and sent to the state fund.
5. Specialized enterprises are allowed to dispose of equipment if they have the appropriate license, in accordance with Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 524 of August 26, 2006.

What exactly needs to be recycled

The list of equipment subject to mandatory disposal due to potential danger is contained in the order of the Ministry natural resources, as well as in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 818. It includes:

• computers;
• monitors;
• fluorescent lamps;
• Medical equipment;
• Appliances;
• batteries;
• scanners;
• copiers;
• printers and cartridges for them, etc.

IMPORTANT! It is necessary to properly dispose of not only the units themselves, but also their scrap, that is, even individual parts of broken equipment.

Disposal of office equipment before disposal

If an ordinary consumer can simply contact a company engaged in recycling equipment, the legal entity must have a legislative basis for this: write off this property from the balance sheet. It's not as simple as it seems.

The main difficulty of this procedure is determining the residual value of used equipment. In order for the write-off act to be legal, it is necessary to competently assess the technical and moral aspects of the devices and their material value, which only experts can do. This examination can only be carried out by a specially certified organization, issuing a conclusion on the unsuitability of the equipment for further use.

Violation of the write-off procedure is fraught with administrative and even criminal liability, because equipment is of material value. It will certainly provoke irregularities in management accounting, which is fraught with sanctions for the management and chief accountant of the organization:

• a fine of 20-50 minimum wages for executives;
• a fine of 100-1000 minimum wages imposed on the organization.

ATTENTION! The decision to install old equipment at the enterprise in order to avoid the costs of write-off and disposal will not save money in any way, since you will have to pay tax on the equipment that remains an asset.

Accounting entries for writing off office equipment

If a decision is made to dispose of certain equipment, this a priori means that, as an asset, it has been fully depreciated and no longer takes part in the process. production activities. Its accounting is carried out on account 01 “Fixed assets” and off-balance sheet account 013 “Depreciation fund for the reproduction of intangible assets.”

In the postings, the write-off is documented as a disposal of fixed assets. Subsequent disposal costs should be written off in the same accounting period, although the disposal itself may occur at a later date.

Stages of recycling office equipment

The first stage is carried out by the organization with the involvement of certified experts. The subsequent stages have the right to be carried out by one of the specialized companies registered with the Assay Chamber of the Russian Federation.

1. Receiving a write-off certificate:
   • expert review;
   • determining the residual value of write-off equipment;
   • a conclusion about the impossibility of its further use;
   • registration of disposal of fixed assets.
2. Dismantling of equipment with separation of parts containing precious metals:
   • an act on the seizure of components is required, on the basis of which the equipment is written off from the registration cards;
   • on its basis, each part has its own accounting card (), which indicates the name of the scrap (name of the unit), its total mass and the share of precious metals of each name in it.
3. Refining is the separation of precious metals from parts of equipment.
4. Capitalization of received values.
5. Transfer of precious metals to the state fund.

NOTE! When contacting a specialized company for recycling, it will be enough for the organization to sell the old equipment: this will eliminate the need for accounting and capitalization of scrap and precious metals.

How to recycle using special companies

Organizations specializing in the recycling of office and household appliances, have all the necessary permits and licenses, as well as equipment for the refining of precious metals. Many of them are authorized to conduct technical examinations prior to decommissioning of such equipment. Specialists will:

• assistance in drawing up write-off reports for each of the discarded devices;
• transportation, neutralization and disposal of hazardous waste;
• registration of sanitary and epidemiological documents;
• all subsequent procedures related to precious metals.

Algorithm for representatives of companies that own old office equipment

1. Choose a company for recycling equipment certified by the Assay Office.
2. Make a preliminary list of equipment to be disposed of.
3. Agree with the company the cost of its services depending on the number of units of equipment and the service provided.
4. Conclude an agreement for the disposal of written-off fixed technical equipment.
5. Dismantling of named equipment.
6. Removal of dismantled equipment.
7. Signing of the work completion certificate and final payment.

Don’t forget to check the correctness and completeness of the package of recycling documents: you can additionally negotiate the service of their registration with the recycling company.

If you recycle your old car, you can not only get rid of old car, and also purchase a new one according to the program.

Let's consider how to recycle a car, how to do it correctly, what is the algorithm of action. Let's get acquainted with all the necessary information.

Disposal of a vehicle means its safe destruction. Machines are made of metal, plastic, glass, and technical fluids. If you leave it and forget about it, over time, harmful substances will begin to enter the soil and atmosphere.

Recycling involves the safe recycling of vehicles. The car is disassembled by employees of a special organization, the materials are sorted and sent for further processing.

To recycle a car you must:

1. Deregister the vehicle with the traffic police. Most scrap vehicle collection points require a certificate of deregistration of the vehicle.
2. Drop the car off at a collection point. It is necessary to conclude a disposal agreement with the organization.

There are quite a lot of companies that deal with recycling. The service is provided free of charge. But sometimes a fee is charged for accepting a vehicle with a low mass (less than 800 kg).

To deregister a car you need the following documents:

• Russian passport;
• vehicle registration certificate, vehicle passport, license plates;
• application in the prescribed form;
• The vehicle is not provided for inspection.

Disposal conditions:

• aging and wear and tear of the vehicle;
• The vehicle was sold under a general power of attorney, but new owner does not appear at the traffic police office to re-register the car in his name (in order not to continue to pay transport tax, the seller of his car has to take extreme measures - the disposal procedure);
• car theft;
• eliminating accidents on the roads due to the difficulty of moving an old car along them.

Remember: if your car has been deregistered by the traffic police, you no longer have the right to drive it. Transport the car only on a tow truck.

Conditions for removing a car from state registration:

• recycling according to the state program;
• unlawful actions in relation to a car, theft;
• if the car buyer has not registered the car and does not intend to do so;
• leaving the country for long time(then the owner registers the car in the country of residence).

• contact the traffic police in person, join the electronic queue;
• there is no need to deliver the old car to the traffic police for inspection;
• submit the completed application and documents;
• The car owner is given the necessary certificate.

The conditions and cost of the service are specified in each company separately. Representatives will ask you to provide them with a certificate from the traffic police.

Sample application

Let's look at a sample of filling out an application for recycling a car at the traffic police:

• indicate the exact name of the traffic police department where you are going to submit documents;
• underline the appropriate wording of the reason for deregistration of the vehicle (in connection with disposal);
• fill in the form from the vehicle passport with information about the make, model of the car, VIN number, state signs, year of manufacture;
• enter the passport details of the car owner, fill out information about the owner;
• rewrite the information about the vehicle in the required lines.

Power of attorney - required document to deregister a car if the car owner cannot visit the traffic police department himself. The document must be drawn up correctly.

In power of attorney from legal entity indicate:

A car owner who wants to scrap a vehicle can only submit a passport and a recycling application. But if for some reason he cannot carry out the procedure himself, he issues a power of attorney to his representative. Then the document is certified by a notary.

In power of attorney from individual are indicated:

• place, date of compilation;
• Full name, passport details, address of the principal and authorized representative;
• traffic police registration office;
• vehicle data;
• car passport numbers and registration certificate;
• validity period of the power of attorney;
• signatures of the parties.

Let's look at how to scrap a car under a special program and what documents are needed.

This special program was launched in 2010, but is still active. The goal of the state program is to increase the growth of sales of domestic cars by providing subsidies for the purchase of new vehicles to replace old ones.

The main condition for participation in the program: you can only spend the funds you receive from handing over your vehicle for recycling to purchase a new car.

Other conditions in 2020:

• you must own the car for at least six months;
• Individuals and legal entities can participate in the program;
• new cars are not scrapped;
• the participant must have a Russian passport;
• a car cannot be recycled without a specially hired dealer (services can cost about 10,000 rubles).

According to the program, you can exchange a passenger car, a large car, a jeep, or a bus. The maximum discount amount is 50-350 thousand rubles.

Minimum amount for passenger cars, maximum for freight. As part of this program, it has already been possible to sell about 130,000 cars.

Only a limited number of models can be purchased under the program: AvtoVAZ, GAZ, UAZ, several models of Volkswagen, Opel, Nissan, Ford, SsangYong, Renault.

All documents are prepared by the dealer, who also enters into an agreement with the client to purchase a new car.

He issues a discount on the purchase of a vehicle in the form of a certificate or cash. Contact participating car dealers and trade in your old car.

Algorithm of actions:

• draw up a power of attorney for the dealership to transfer the old car to scrap;
• enter into an agreement with the dealer, which states that you are handing over the car to the dealer for deregistration and disposal;
• hand over the power of attorney and the car, receive an acceptance certificate for the car.

The recycling program is only suitable for those who own an old car; no one uses it. You can get quite an impressive amount for it.

The state allocated about 10 billion rubles for recycling. The program has a limited duration, so it is worth applying early.

How to dispose of a car without documents and license plates? If you are the owner of a car, you have the right to write it off as scrap only with your passport. Other documents, including license plates, are provided if available.

How to dispose of a car at the traffic police without a car? The practice of selling vehicles has its drawbacks. Quite often, the new owner to whom you sold your car does not seek to pay transport tax, and does not re-register the car in his name within ten days.

Then the invoice is due transport tax will come to you, since you will remain the actual owner.

By registering the disposal of your car with the traffic police, you can get rid of unnecessary tax obligations. Go to the traffic police, write a statement of intent to scrap the car.

Afterwards, the car driven by the careless buyer, who refused to re-register the car in his name, will be stopped at the traffic police post, hit the base and sent to the penalty area.

After deregistering a vehicle for disposal, it is impossible to register it again.

Public services

You can recycle your car using the State Services Portal (https://www.gosuslugi.ru/category). Select “Vehicle registration”, then “Deregistration”, “Deregistration due to disposal”.

The application is completed in in electronic format. Enter the document data into it:

• Russian Federation passports;
• notarized power of attorney (for representatives);
• vehicle passports;
• certificate of registration or technical documentation of a motor vehicle or trailer;
• a document certifying ownership of a vehicle or trailer.

The application should be printed out and taken to the traffic police along with the state registration plates of the car. You need to select a convenient traffic police department, date, time, and make an appointment.

Do not be late for the appointed time, otherwise you may miss the line. Do not forget to take the original documents, the details of which were indicated in the application.

After the employee checks the documents, the vehicle will be deregistered for subsequent disposal.

Do I need to pay a state fee for the procedure? No, this service is provided free of charge.

But you cannot drive a deregistered car. Therefore, you will have to spend money on a tow truck to the car collection site.

According to Law No. 89, licensed collection centers provide recycling services free of charge if a recycling fee has been paid for the vehicle.

But you need to remember that the recycling fee is not paid for vehicles whose title was issued before 2012.

If the fee has not been paid, the owner will have to pay for the service at the company's rates.

Used car

Is it possible to purchase a used car through a recycling program? New cars are expensive, and discounts on their purchase through the recycling program are small. But used cars are not included in the program.

The government finances the purchase of only new vehicles, since it supports the main goal of the program: stimulating the sales of domestic manufacturers, who increase the number of cars sold, increasing tax contributions to the budget.

And then the recycling program is financed from it. For this reason, you cannot purchase a used vehicle under the recycling program..

If you are going to purchase a car, do not forget to check it for recycling.

The procedure for deregistration due to disposal is a fairly popular phenomenon among those who want to avoid transport tax on a car that is not in use.

You can check your car for recycling:

• through the traffic police website;
• Autocode;
• various Internet portals.

To check you may need:

• VIN code;
• body/chassis number;
• registration numbers.

Services may fail because sometimes data is not entered into the database. Therefore, checking online is not always a reliable way to find out whether a car has been scrapped, since sometimes vehicles are returned from scrappage. Then contact the traffic police immediately.

In accordance with Sanitary Rules and Norms (SanPiN) 2.1.7.728-99 "Rules for the collection, storage and disposal of waste from medical and preventive institutions", all healthcare waste is divided according to the degree of its epidemiological, toxicological and radiation hazard into five hazard classes:

Class A. Non-hazardous waste from health care institutions

Waste that does not come into contact with biological fluids of patients, infectious patients, non-toxic waste. Food waste from all departments of all departments of medical and preventive institutions (HCI), except for infectious diseases (including dermatovenerological and phthisiological institutions). Furniture, equipment, faulty diagnostic equipment that do not contain toxic elements. Uninfected paper, construction waste, etc.

Class B. Hazardous (risky) waste from medical institutions

Potentially non-infectious waste. Materials and instruments contaminated with secretions, including blood. Pathological waste. Organic surgical waste (organs, tissues, etc.). All waste from infectious diseases departments, incl. food. Waste from microbiological laboratories working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups 3-4. Biological waste from vivariums.

Class B. Extremely hazardous waste from health care institutions

Materials that come into contact with patients with particularly dangerous infections. Waste from laboratories working with microorganisms of pathogenicity groups 1-4. Waste from phthisiatric and mycological hospitals. Waste from patients with anaerobic infection.

Class G. Waste from medical institutions, similar in composition to industrial waste

Expired medicines, waste from medicines and diagnostic products, disinfectants that cannot be used, with an expired expiration date. Cytostatics (drugs that block cell division, used mainly in oncology) and other chemicals. Mercury-containing items, devices and equipment.

Class D. Radioactive waste from medical institutions

All types of waste containing radioactive components.

Depending on their class, healthcare waste is subject to different requirements for collection, temporary storage and transportation.

Class A waste is collected in reusable containers or disposable bags. Disposable bags are placed on special carts or inside reusable bins. Filled reusable containers or disposable bags are delivered to the installation sites of (inter)hull containers and reloaded into containers intended for the collection of waste of this class. Reusable containers must be washed and disinfected after collection and emptying.

Bulky waste of this class is collected in special bins for bulky waste. Surfaces and aggregates of bulky waste that have had contact with infected material or patients are subject to mandatory disinfection.

Class A waste can be disposed of at regular solid waste disposal sites.

Class B waste after mandatory disinfection (by immersion in a disinfectant solution prepared in a container specially designated for this purpose) is collected in disposable sealed packaging.

Soft packaging (disposable bags) is fixed on special racks (trolleys).

After the bag is filled approximately 3/4, the air is removed from it and the employee responsible for waste collection in this medical unit seals it. Removing air and sealing the disposable bag is done using a gauze bandage and rubber gloves.

Organic waste generated in operating rooms, laboratories, microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines, virologically hazardous material after disinfection are collected in disposable solid sealed packaging.

Sharps instruments (needles, feathers) that have undergone disinfection are collected separately from other types of waste in disposable solid packaging.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in disposable packaging after it has been sealed.

In designated locations, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter-hull) containers intended for collecting Class B waste.

Class B waste is collected after mandatory disinfection in disposable packaging. Soft packaging (disposable bags) must be mounted on special racks (carts).

After the bag is filled approximately 3/4, the air is removed from it and the employee responsible for waste collection in this medical unit seals it in compliance with safety requirements for pathogens of pathogenicity groups 1-2.

Microbiological cultures and strains, vaccines should be collected in disposable, solid, sealed packaging.

Transportation of all types of class B waste outside the medical unit is carried out only in disposable packaging after it has been sealed.

In designated areas, sealed disposable containers (tanks, bags) are placed in (inter-hull) containers intended for the collection of class B waste.

Waste of classes B and C is destroyed in special installations for the neutralization of waste from healthcare facilities using thermal methods.
Rules for collecting Class G waste depend on the toxicity class.

Used fluorescent lamps, mercury-containing devices and equipment are collected in closed, sealed containers. After filling, the containers are sealed and stored in auxiliary rooms. They are exported by specialized enterprises on contractual terms.

The collection and storage of cytostatics belonging to waste of toxicity classes 1-2 is carried out in accordance with the toxic classifier industrial waste and other applicable regulatory documents.

Class G waste, belonging to toxicity classes 2 and 3 in accordance with the classification of toxic industrial waste, is collected and packaged in hard packaging, class 4 - in soft packaging.

Disposal of class G waste is carried out in accordance with the hygienic requirements for the procedure for accumulation, transportation, neutralization and disposal of toxic industrial waste.

Collection, storage, disposal of class D waste is carried out in accordance with the requirements of the rules for working with radioactive substances and other sources of ionizing radiation, radiation safety standards, and other applicable regulatory documents, which regulate the handling of radioactive substances.

Healthcare waste treatment methods can be divided into two groups.

Elimination methods:

Disposal at a special landfill, without disinfection, for example, at a toxic waste site;

Disinfection with chemical or by physical methods and storage at solid waste landfills;

Incineration followed by disposal of combustion residues.

Disposal methods(reuse and reuse). Recycling methods, in addition to economic goals, are aimed at limiting the adverse impact of human activities on the environment.

Disinfection of waste involves ensuring the biological safety of the material after its processing and destruction by thermal, radiation or other physicochemical effects.

The following disinfection technologies are distinguished: combustion (ashing); sterilization in an autoclave (steam sterilization); chemical disinfection; pyrolysis; laser processing; microwave disinfection; plasma technology, etc.

The latest WHO recommendations are based on the rejection of the use of technologies associated with chemical disinfection, and the optimal technologies for the neutralization of waste from health care facilities are suggested to be thermal disinfection technologies, with particular emphasis on autoclaving methods.

Chemical neutralization

Disinfection (disinfection) of epidemiologically hazardous waste from medical treatment institutions is carried out using disinfectants registered in the prescribed manner. Combination of mechanical grinding with a method of chemical disinfection of potentially infected and infected dangerous medical waste promotes more complete penetration of disinfectants into the thickness of waste, which increases the reliability and efficiency of disinfection.

It is most widespread in Russia. It is used due to the very limited distribution of thermal waste disinfection (in 2007, there were only 263 installations for the thermal destruction of medical waste in health care facilities).

Flaws:

When performing disinfection operations, staff often experience allergic reactions and skin lesions;

Little changes appearance waste, which does not guarantee their exclusion from reuse (including illegal sale);

The complete destruction of a possible infectious origin is not guaranteed due to the uneven penetration of the disinfectant and the varying sensitivity of some microorganisms to antimicrobial drugs;

When burying waste treated with chemical disinfectants, there is a risk of environmental contamination with compounds, mainly chlorine (a group of chlorine-containing preparations is more often used to disinfect waste);

The specific costs of disinfectants (per ton of waste), as well as the costs of preventing possible environmental damage, significantly exceed similar costs for other disinfection methods.

Thermal neutralization

Thermal treatment includes combustion (the term “incineration” is also used, from incinerate - to burn, incinerate), plasma methods, thermolysis and pyrolysis.

Medical waste incinerators, pyrolysis plants, gasification and plasma technologies use high-temperature processes, which, as a result of chemical and physical transformations, lead to the destruction and decomposition of both organic and inorganic fractions included in the waste.

Autoclaves

In Russia, combined type installations are popular, combining a grinder and a steam sterilizer. By loading the original unsorted waste of class B or C, the user receives crushed, unidentifiable and sterile waste of class A.

The process does not have any by-product waste or emissions that pollute the atmosphere, water and land resources, i.e. environmentally friendly.

As a result of steam treatment, everyone dies known species microorganisms and waste lose the ability to be reused due to their mechanical destructuring.

Assistive technology

This is a technique that can participate in the process of disposal of hazardous waste, but by itself is not capable of providing the entire chain from its formation to the receipt of a safe product. These are grinders of various kinds, standard steam sterilizers, as well as destructors of injection needles.

Destructors are designed to destroy needles immediately after injection, without removing them from the syringe, which significantly reduces injury to personnel.

The material was prepared based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources

This is an important step for the ecological state of the country and the management system.

Previously, the state worked according to the old document of 1995. Since then, other processing and disposal technologies have appeared, and new animal diseases have been identified.

Processing equipment is hopelessly outdated, and the operation of cattle burial grounds, once so popular, is now dangerous and unprofitable. Therefore, regulations regarding biological waste have become unsuitable for modern times.

The project was under consideration until June 25, 2019. The rules for the disposal of biological waste have undergone some changes, which we will discuss in this article.

According to the new rules, the following waste is considered biological:

• corpses of animals (mammals, fish, birds, insects, aquatic organisms);
• incubator waste, abortive material and stillborn fetuses, placenta;
• biowaste, that is, fragments of organs and tissues obtained as a result of experiments or in veterinary medicine, laboratory samples;
• waste from processing raw materials of animal origin;
• veterinary confiscations;
• feed containing animal products.

Depending on the hazard class, biowaste divided into the following groups:

• especially dangerous, infected with rapidly spreading diseases that can cause a mass epidemic;
• moderately dangerous;
• radioactive.

Why is recycling necessary?

This class of waste poses a great danger to the environment and human health.

Failure to comply with disposal rules has a detrimental effect on the environmental situation:

• when corpses decompose, biogas and liquids are formed that pose a danger to all living things;
• unauthorized biowaste dumps attract scavengers who spread rabies and other dangerous diseases;
• the state loses the potential profit that could be obtained from processing such waste to feed farm animals and vivarium inhabitants;
• improper disposal of infected corpses entails consequences in the form of epidemics among people and animals.

The problem of biological waste disposal has become very acute. This happened not only because the set of laws on the management of biowaste is outdated, but also because, unfortunately, in our country they do not monitor well enough who and how they dispose of them.

Consequently we have a disappointing result:

• animal corpses are dumped in unauthorized landfills or buried in the ground, which is strictly prohibited;
• enterprises for processing biowaste, founded back in the days of the USSR, are out of order or equipped with equipment that is no longer used in modern times;
• High-tech enterprises exist in small numbers and simply cannot cope with the flow of biological waste.

New veterinary and sanitary rules regulating the collection of biowaste

Section II of the draft veterinary and sanitary rules “Storage of biological waste” specifies the following collection standards.

Firstly, for storage and collection you need to use airtight containers or special packaging, excluding contact of tissue and organ fragments with the environment.

Tanks must be labeled with the characteristics of the contents, be easy to disinfect and must not come into contact with products that have passed veterinary inspection.

In the absence of such, biowaste must be moved to special refrigeration chambers designed for these purposes. The temperature in such chambers should vary from 0 degrees Celsius and below. Depending on it, the shelf life is set at 7–30 days.

New veterinary rules for the collection and destruction of biological waste allow the storage of corpses in moisture-proof areas until removal for disposal, but for a period of no more than 24 hours.

In case the waste is contaminated dangerous diseases, their shelf life without the use of refrigerators is determined by an emergency commission. However, they cannot be stored for more than 168 hours.

Unauthorized persons should not come into contact with biological waste. The same applies to other potential carriers. Responsibility for the safety and handling of biological waste of animal origin before its removal to the place of processing or destruction lies with the owner of the enterprise, farm or household where this waste was generated.

Changed export standards

Export and transportation biological waste carried out in accordance with the following standards:

1. Arrangements for proper transportation are the responsibility of the owner. If there is no such person, he is considered to be the owner of the territory where the waste was found.
2. Movement without special veterinary documents is prohibited.
3. Transportation is carried out using specially equipped transport that excludes contact with external environment. Otherwise, hazardous elements may disperse and harm others. Using such vehicles for other purposes without proper disinfection is strictly prohibited.
4. The soil where the waste was located is covered with bleach, equipment and clothing are disinfected each time after use. Additional processing and issuance of specific equipment is provided if the waste belongs to groups 1 and 3.

How are they recycled?

Correct and timely processing is the key to obtaining valuable recyclables, which can be used for various needs. But this process has its own nuances.

Firstly, biowaste is first sorted and then crushed. Secondly, heat treatment is required for them.

In this regard, separate rules have been established for each type of waste. It all depends on their mass, origin and purposes for which the resulting recyclable materials are then used.

Biowaste is a must sterilized in one of the following ways:

• in the extruder;
• by cooking in vacuum boilers;
• compost in special closed containers;
• using conventional cooking in open or open kettles closed type(this type of processing is available only if the resulting feed is used on the same farm).

If the enterprise is equipped with a special recycling workshop, it has the right to use it only in relation to its by-products.

Acceptance of “other people’s” waste is prohibited.

All biological waste of animal origin belonging to group 2 must be recycled. In this way, feed for agricultural institutions, meat and bones and bone meal, fertilizers etc.

Animal skins are also used. They are removed, processed and then used in the leather industry. Processing of remains and skinning of carcasses belonging to groups 1 and 3 is not allowed - they are destroyed.

Destruction

Group 3 waste is subject to the same treatment as radiation waste. All 1 group of biological waste, according to the rules, is subject to mandatory destruction in several ways.

According to the new rules, this can be organized by:

1. Incineration in cremators or incinerators. The resulting ash is subject to further disposal as industrial waste (7 47 800 00 00 0 according to FKKO).
2. Burning in the open air or in special pits or trenches, but only under the supervision of a veterinarian.
3. The use of cattle burial grounds, but this is an extremely undesirable measure. It becomes available as a result of a decision of an emergency commission, when other methods of destruction are impossible.

Burial in cemeteries is strictly prohibited according to the rules. The exception is mass death animals due to natural disasters, when transportation or burning is impossible. But such a decision is made only by the emergency anti-epizootic commission.

Video on the topic

The process of recycling biological waste of the 2nd group into bone meal is presented in the video:

Conclusion

If capacities for processing biowaste appear in Russia, and producers follow all the new veterinary rules for its collection and disposal, then recycling of biological waste will provide significant savings in the agricultural sector.

There will be additional financial inflow, and the environmental situation in the country will improve. However, this is only possible with strict control over compliance with the letter of the law.

A special bonus of the new project is the long-awaited abandonment of the mass construction and operation of cattle burial grounds. This is another significant step towards the development of a modern waste management system.

In contact with

Article 5 of the Law lists the categories of products for which expiration dates are established. These include:

• Food.
• Perfumes and cosmetics.
• Medicines.
• Household chemicals.

Products from the listed categories whose shelf life has expired are subject to destruction or disposal (in Article 3 of the Federal Law of January 2, 2000 No. 29-FZ “On the quality and safety of food products”).

Recycling and destruction are fundamentally different concepts:

1. Recycling implies that an expired product can be used in the future, but no longer for its intended purpose. (Article 1 No. 29-FZ “On the quality and safety of food products”). For example, it can be used as animal feed, processed into jam, vinegar, etc.

   Only a state examination by Rospotrebnadzor will make sure that a product can be processed for its subsequent use.

2. We have to talk about the destruction of goods in the case when an examination has recognized the impossibility of its disposal.

   If expired products are unsuitable for further use in any form, it is necessary to destroy them (clause 11 of the Regulations on the examination of low-quality and dangerous food raw materials and food products, their use or destruction, approved by Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of September 29, 1997 No. 1263. Further - Position).

How to determine what exactly to do with expired goods?

To determine future fate expired goods, you must contact Rospotrebnadzor for an examination.

The specific procedure will depend on the type of product.

1. For medicinal products, perfumes, and tobacco products, examination is required in all cases. This is regulated by a number of legal acts: clause 2 of Art. 31 of the Federal Law of June 22, 1998 No. 86-FZ “On Medicines” and clause 18 of the Regulations.
2. In the case of food products, they can be destroyed or disposed of without examination. This is permitted by clause 4 of the Regulations under the following conditions:
   • The owner cannot confirm the origin of the products.
   • The goods have obvious signs of poor quality and thus pose a threat to human life.
3. In all other cases, expired goods are subject to examination. To do this, you need to contact the territorial division of Rospotrebnadzor to determine the possibility of disposal or destruction of illiquid products.

Based on the results of the procedure, Rospotrebnadzor issues a decision on either disposal or destruction of expired goods.

Methods and conditions for further processing of products are chosen by their owner independently and must comply with the requirements of regulatory or technical documents. Nevertheless, the chosen method must be agreed upon with Rospotrebnadzor officials. All examination services are paid by the owner of the goods.

If the products are planned to be disposed of as animal feed, the procedure must be agreed upon with the Commissioner of the Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor).

How to dispose of goods that have passed their sell-by date?

Working with expired goods begins with identifying options for its further use. For this:

1. The owner contacts Rospotrebnadzor to conduct an examination of the product. You can familiarize yourself with the list of goods that are considered unsuitable for use after the expiration date in Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of June 16, 1997 No. 720. The assessment procedure itself is regulated by the following regulations:
   • paragraph 2 art. 3, art. 25 of the Federal Law of January 2, 2000 N 29-FZ;
   • clauses 2, 3 of the Regulations.
2. Based on the results of the inspection, the authorized body issues a conclusion that the product can be disposed of.
3. The specific permission depends on the further intended use of expired products. For example, for the processing of raw materials into animal feed, an appropriate conclusion is issued signed by a representative of the veterinary supervision.
4. Until disposal, all expired products must be stored in strictly designated areas. Storage containers must fully comply with sanitary requirements: be airtight.
5. Disposal is carried out by a specialized company. This company must have a license from Rospotrebnadzor to carry out activities for the disposal of a specific type of waste (Article 9 of the Federal Law “On Production and Consumption Waste” dated June 24, 1998 N 89-FZ). In accordance with the law, products must be removed for disposal in a timely manner.
6. The company removes expired products from the plant to a processing site.
7. Based on the results of the examination, the products are processed either into animal feed or secondary raw materials.
8. The owner of the product is obliged to notify the authority that issued the disposal permit that the product has been transferred to the appropriate company for further use. This must be done within 3 days after the product is transferred to the recycling company. Notification is carried out by providing the original document confirming the transfer, or its notarized copy. (Clause 16 of the Regulations).

Despite the fact that the law allows for the independent destruction of expired goods, it is considered most appropriate to contact a specialized company.

In this case, the owner will not have to worry about the rules for the destruction of certain types of products or their proper storage.

A cooperation agreement is concluded with the recycling company. The company itself picks up the goods and takes them to the place of destruction. The company carrying out the liquidation of products must be accredited.

During the destruction of expired products, reporting documents are also drawn up. These include:

• Primary documentation.
• Product disposal act.

The exact requirements for the content of documents depend on the type of product. Thus, the destruction of food and perfumery and cosmetic products is formalized by an act of form No. TORG-16. It is drawn up in several copies (according to the number of commission members) and signed by all its members. The composition is approved by the director of the organization. May include company employees, representatives of the recycling company and Rospotrebnadzor (if necessary).

Ways to dispose of products

• Burial in a landfill. The most non-ecological method. The products are taken to a special place and stored there.
• Burning. The goods are placed in special ovens - crematoria and burned there. The resulting ash can later be used as fertilizer.

Thus, if goods have an expiration date, the seller is obliged to carefully monitor the period of delay. Expired products cannot be sold and must be recycled or destroyed. These are 2 fundamentally different procedures, the implementation of which allows the owner to legally get rid of illiquid products.

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